CN1695976A - 用于混合车辆的协调的再生和发动机减速制动 - Google Patents

用于混合车辆的协调的再生和发动机减速制动 Download PDF

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CN1695976A
CN1695976A CNA2005100712187A CN200510071218A CN1695976A CN 1695976 A CN1695976 A CN 1695976A CN A2005100712187 A CNA2005100712187 A CN A2005100712187A CN 200510071218 A CN200510071218 A CN 200510071218A CN 1695976 A CN1695976 A CN 1695976A
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CN100366482C (zh
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X·T·陶
G·A·胡巴
T·-M·希
A·H·希普
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Allison Transmission Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/06Exhaust brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/196Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems acting within the driveline, e.g. retarders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/04Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/12Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644Engine speed

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Abstract

混合车辆包括动力系,所述混合动力系具有减速柴油发动机,电机以及能量存储系统。发动机和电动机通过一个或更多的行星齿轮组以及对应于通过输出与传动系连接的多个扭矩传输装置的应用和释放的可选择的连接路径可操作地连接。协调再生和减速发动机制动以根据预定功率通量限制值提供优先返回能量存储系统的能量。通过发动机速度的提高来增加发动机减速制动作用,以处理超过限制值的功率通量。

Description

用于混合车辆的协调的再生 和发动机减速制动
可互相参照的相关申请
本申请涉及与其同一天申请、共同等待批准、共同转让的美国序列号10/846,001(律师案卷号GP-304459)的专利申请,该申请的名称为“混合车辆中发动机减速操作的时序安排和管理”,于此可并入参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合车辆的动力系。更为特别的是,本发明涉及这种动力系中的车辆制动管理。
背景技术
多种混合动力系的结构是已知的,所述动力系用于管理混合车辆中不同主要原动力的输入和输出扭矩,最普通的是内燃发动机和电机。通常串联混合结构的特点在于内燃发动机驱动电动发电机,所述电动发电机依次向电动传动链和电池组提供电功率。串联混合中内燃发动机不直接与传动链机械连接。电动发电机也能以电动机驱动模式操作向内燃发动机提供起动功能,通过以发电机模式操作对电池组充电,电动传动链收回车辆制动能量。通常并联混合结构的特点在于内燃发动机和电动机都直接与传动链机械连接。传动链传统地包括换档传动装置,以便为宽范围的操作提供必要的齿轮传动比。
电动无级传动装置(EVT)是已知的,其通过结合串联和并联混合动力系结构的特征提供连续可变的速比。EVT可通过内燃发动机和最终传动单元之间的直接机械路径操作,因而确保高传动效率、较低成本的应用以及较轻的电动机硬件。EVT还可以与机械上独立于最终传动或者以不同的机械/电动分离作用的发动机操作一起操作,因而确保高扭矩的连续可变速比、电动受控起动、再生制动、发动机离开怠速以及多模式操作。
混合动力系通常依赖机械可操作地分离的加速踏板确定来自车辆驾驶员的推进扭矩请求,推进扭矩通过多种有助于分离内燃发动机和电机的装置输送。类似的,混合动力系通过以某种方式控制传动电机的再生操作或者控制电机提供所有或者部分制动扭矩,以便将车辆动能传输给发动机,并响应于驾驶员的制动请求通过发动机或排气制动(发动机减速制动)消耗该能量。因此,混合动力系通常响应加速踏板和常规制动踏板请求以提供根据该请求的输出扭矩。
通常希望从车辆制动过程中恢复与实际转换成返回给混合车辆电能存储系统的电能差不多的动能。但是,即使在理想情况下,降低重型车辆的速度代表的丰富的功率通量并不能被能量存储系统容纳。尝试返回太多能量,或者返回功率通量超过能量存储系统合理容量的能量以同样接受,可导致对能量存储系统无法弥补的损害。因而,已知的再生制动系统通常宁愿保守地校正以避免对能量存储系统的损害。此外,因为其它原因,即使如果其容量可以接受更多的能量,以及较高的功率通量不受这些损害考虑因素的限制,也希望限制流入能量存储系统的功率通量。因而,即使带有保守的校正,再生制动系统也不能根据其它希望的目标向能量存储系统提供最佳的能量返回和功率通量。
发动机减速制动已经被实践,以消耗装配传统动力系的车辆中的车辆减速能量。这种制动最希望是重型车辆,特别是当坡度下降时,以便显著地增强和减少应用常规制动的需要。但是,发动机减速制动在车辆驾驶员请求时,传统地以大致不可控的方式根据发动机制动或者排气制动机构的执行和齿轮传动比的选择使用。在装配混合动力系的车辆中,发动机减速制动的这种不理想应用能代替再生制动的需要,放弃显著的效率增益,所述效率增益可另外的通过将消耗的发动机减速能量返回给能量存储系统实现。此外,发动机减速制动的这种不理想和不可预知的应用阻挠了以可控的方式将再生制动能量返回给能量存储系统的目标。
因而,希望协调控制混合车辆中的再生制动和发动机减速制动。
发明内容
车辆包括混合动力系,所述混合动力系具有诸如通过排气制动或发动机压缩制动之类的减速柴油发动机、至少一个电机以及电池组。根据柴油发动机、电机和输出之间已知的速度关系,柴油发动机和电机可操作地连接到具有输出的传动系,其中输出功率大致等于发动机功率和电机功率的总和。根据本发明,车辆再生制动和发动机减速制动的协调包括:提供车辆制动请求,例如通过翻译的驾驶员制动踏板作用力。通过电机提供作用于输出的第一制动,通过减速发动机提供作用于输出的第二制动。当流入能量存储系统的功率通量超过预定功率限制值时,发动机速度被控制得较高。这有效地增加发动机减速制动作用,降低再生制动作用,以便满足提供的驾驶员制动请求。当流入电池组的功率通量不超过预定功率限制值时,发动机速度控制得较低。这有效地降低发动机减速制动作用,增加再生制动作用。车辆制动作用的优先权第一给所述至少一个电机,第二给所述减速发动机。当电池功率限制值不紧凑且流入电池组的功率通量可接受时,根据电池差值和输出差值其中之一确定发动机速度,所述电池差值是电池实际功率和预定限制值之间估量的差值,所述输出差值是请求输出扭矩和命令输出扭矩之间估量的差值。当电池功率限制值紧凑时,发动机速度唯一地根据输出差值确定。不显著的输出差值导致根据预定的校正比率确定发动机速度设置值,反之,显著的输出差值导致根据输出差值确定发动机速度设置值。
附图说明
现在参考附图,通过实例对本发明进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的混合车辆动力系的方框图;
图2是根据本发明,制动踏板执行在其预定范围内的若干情况下,对应于不同的动力系输出速度,求解的请求输出扭矩的图解表示;
图3是特别涉及本发明的能量存储系统充电和放电能量区域,以及其某些示例性子区域的图解表示;
图4是根据本发明的协调的再生和发动机减速制动的示例性实现方式中控制装置的方框图;以及
图5是流程图,解释了根据本发明的涉及用于建立发动机减速制动作用,选择发动机速度的一套示例性步骤。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,方框图阐述了示例性的混合动力系,电动再生和发动机减速制动的该协调控制适用于所述混合动力系。混合动力系包括压燃式柴油发动机,车辆传动系以及可操作地彼此连接的一个或多个电动机(以下称电动机),例如,通过包括一个或多个行星齿轮组的连接装置(K)以及对应于多个扭矩传输装置的应用和释放的可选择的连接路径。发动机连接到连接装置的机械输入处(11)。传动系连接到连接装置的机械输出处(13)。电动机连接到连接装置的输入处(15)。忽略功率损耗,发动机、传动系和电动机之问的功率通量达到平衡。以及,传动系的功率等于发动机和电动机的功率总和。发动机、传动系和电动机的扭矩遵循同样的关系式,其可通过各种齿轮组、动力传动组件已知,它们之间的关系式包含在连接约束关系式中。发动机、传动系和电动机之间的速度关系也通过各种齿轮组、动力传动组件已知,并且它们之间的关系包含在连接约束关系中。车辆传动系可包括诸如差速齿轮组、支撑轴、万向接头、终传动齿轮组、车轮和轮胎之类的普通传动系组件。电动机从能量存储系统(ESS)接受电能,能向其提供电能,所述能量存储系统可以表现为以下形式:电池组模块中的一个或多个电池,或者具有双向电能流能力的任何适合的能量存储装置。发动机、传动系和电动机的扭矩可以在任一方向。也就是说,每一个对动力系都有双向扭矩的作用。示例性的柴油混合动力系包括一对电动机、布置成多模式、复式分离、电动无级传动装置的一对可选择连接的行星齿轮组,所述动力系已公开于共同转让的美国专利号5,931,757,其内容于此被并入参考。
图1的示例性动力系还包括基于微处理器的系统控制装置43,其通过基于传统微处理器的发动机控制装置(ECM)23与发动机通讯。发动机控制装置优选地通过控制装置局域网络(CAN)总线与系统控制装置43通讯。CAN总线允许各种模块之问控制参数和命令的通讯。采用的特定通讯协议将是应用细节。例如重型应用的优选协议是汽车工程协会(SAE)标准J1939。发动机控制装置依次适合与其在控制中使用的各种发动机执行机构和传感器(未单独显示)通讯。例如,燃油喷射器,排气制动器,或者发动机压缩制动执行机构和转动传感器通过发动机控制装置处分离的信号线被控制或监视。系统控制装置43与其在控制中使用的各种连接装置执行机构和传感器通讯。例如,输出转动传感器和用于控制扭转传输装置液压和应用/释放状态的电磁控制阀,以及液压流体压力传感器通过分离的信号线被控制或监视。另外,系统控制装置43类似地与整体被看作ESS控制装置的基于微处理器的电池组控制装置和基于微处理器的功率电子控制装置(未单独显示)通讯。这些ESS控制装置优选地通过CAN总线与系统控制装置43通讯。ESS控制装置依次适合提供各种涉及电池组和电动机的传感、诊断和控制功能。例如,电流和电压传感器、温度传感器、多相换流电子装置和电动机转动传感器通过ESS控制装置被控制或监视。
动力系控制的通常目的是满足驾驶员的扭矩要求。在要求正的输出扭矩的推进操作模式中,该控制优选地根据包括系统效率目标的预定标准选择的发动机扭矩和速度操作点实现。发动机扭矩控制由发动机控制装置根据系统控制装置确定的命令发动机扭矩Te_cmd处理,发动机速度控制由直接通过控制电动机扭矩的速度控制处理。优选的用于确定发动机速度、发动机扭矩和控制发动机速度的方法被共同等待批准、共同转让的美国序列号10/686,511(律师案卷号GP-304140),10/686,508(律师案卷号GP-304193),10/686,034(律师案卷号GP-304194)和10/799,531(律师案卷号GP-304338)的专利申请公开,于此所述文献可并入参考。通常,系统控制装置43确定在控制动力系中使用的命令输出扭矩To_cmd。基于驾驶员输入因素确定To_cmd,例如节气门踏板位置、制动踏板作用力以及诸如车辆速度之类的车辆动力学条件。诸如换档选择器的位置和功率输出请求之类的其它驾驶员输入因素、诸如加速度和减速度率之类的车辆动力学条件、诸如温度、电压、电流和部件速度之类的其它操作条件也能影响输出扭矩的确定。系统控制装置43还根据发动机和电机的作用和分离确定输出扭矩的组成。动力系的推进控制在本发明中适于在负扭矩范围内操作,通过提供根据已知的横跨发动机速度的减速发动机扭矩特性确定的发动机扭矩操作点,以及提供根据本发明确定的发动机速度操作点。
本发明涉及以如下方式操作的车辆:没有推进扭矩输出,此外传动系扭矩通过连接装置K驱动电动机和/或发动机。在最小值处,通常对应于释放的节气门踏板,无论是否具有某种程度或等级的制动踏板作用力。节气门踏板位置和制动作用力信号都由系统控制装置43监视。例如,制动作用力可以由气动和液压制动系统中的传统压力传感器(未显示)提供。例如,节气门位置可由用于感知节气门踏板行程的传统位移传感器提供。
分别来自节气门位置和制动系统压力传感器的节气门和制动请求被过滤和调节。优选地,请求信号被按比例调节,使之在规范化的范围0-100之内,该值代表完整请求的百分比。例如,完全踩下节气门踏板将导致节气门请求信号等于100,反之,驾驶员完全放开节气门踏板将导致节气门请求信号等于0。为了实现该协调制动控制,制动请求被按比例调节到相应于应用协调控制的制动输出扭矩区域的施加压力相对提早的区域。没有常规制动踏板作用力导致制动请求信号为0,随着常规制动踏板作用力的增加,导致制动请求信号一直增加到根据系统校正的最大值100。在常规制动踏板作用力的早期区域,没有或很小的常规制动作用力经由车辆气动或液压作用的摩擦制动器生效。在该制动踏板作用力最早的区域内,制动踏板作用力的增加超过最大值100导致气动或液压作用的摩擦制动器增加作用力。
参考图2,显示了常作用力的多个制动踏板线,相应于前面描述的比例调节每个都标上了百分比。每条线表示横跨一定范围的输出速度No,求解的输出扭矩请求To_req,其在控制动力系中使用。输出扭矩请求To_req表示由协调的再生和发动机减速制动在输出处建立的整个理想扭矩。
该协调控制的一个目的是在再生和发动机减速之间确定优先的制动能量路径,具有第一优先权的路径根据多种考虑因素返回给ESS尽可能多的制动能量,所述因素包括接受充电的物理容量和诸如电功率通过量目标之类的其它因素。
参考图3,显示了能量存储系统功率通量的区域。功率通量被标示为电池功率Pbat,其包括水平线30以上的放电区域和水平线以下的充电区域31,在所述放电区域净功率通量从电池组流出,在所述充电区域净功率通量流入电池组。依据所选择的标记规范,充电功率通量显示为负值,放电功率通量显示为正值。电池功率位于离水平线30越远的位置,功率通量的绝对值越大。充电区域31正是本发明的协调控制中特别感兴趣的区域。
依据所选择的标记规范,相对于充电区域中的任意功率通量,减小功率通量意味着较大的负值。增大功率通量意味着较小的负值。类似的,相对于放电区域中的任意功率通量,减小功率通量意味着较小的正值。增大功率通量意味着较大的正值。因而,相应于大的负值,较大的功率通量流入电池组。类似的,相应于较大的正值,较大的功率通量从电池组流出。
放电功率极限值Pbat_max和充电功率极限值Pbat_min被预先确定,各自分别表示流出和流入电池组的功率通量的理想最大值。Pbat_max和Pbat_min的值遵循以上描述的放电和充电功率通量的标记规范。Pbat_max和Pbat_min根据各种物理和非物理因素、以及表示该充电接受容量和功率通量优先选择的考虑因素不断更新。这些功率极限值,Pbat_min和Pbat_max优选地从存储在系统控制装置43的数据结构内部的表格式中的数据集获得。提供的这种数据集被预存在表格式中的各种控制程序用作参考,所述程序与各种条件,例如充电状态、温度、电压,以及优选选择的考虑因素相关联,例如使用或通过量(安培-小时/小时)。优选的用于确定电池功率最小值和最大值的方法被共同转让、共同等待批准的美国序列号10/686,180(律师案卷号GP-304119)的专利申请公开,于此可并入参考。Pbat_max和Pbat_min通常表示电池组的功率通量可接受的极限值,位于因此确立的包络层内的充电和放电通常都是可接受的。
根据本发明的协调制动过程中,通常希望制动能量首先通过再生返回给电池组,接着通过发动机减速制动消耗。可以理解,较高发动机速度时的发动机减速相应于发动机较高的能量消耗、较高的功率和较高的扭矩。因而,电池功率的最小值Pbat_min在建立阈值的控制中起作用,超过所述阈值,更大的功率通量流入电池组是不希望的。电池实际功率通量和Pbat_min之问的差值(电池差值)用来建立发动机速度,所述发动机速度将建立制动功率通量,以便使电池功率通量大致趋于Pbat_min,即,使电池差值趋于0。因此,实现了返回给电池组的最佳能量,避免过量的功率通量流入电池组。
另外,实际或命令输出扭矩与请求输出扭矩之间的差值(输出差值)根据前面结合图2描述的制动踏板作用力建立,提供了另一个可供选择的确定发动机速度的基础。该输出差值用于建立理想减速发动机速度,所述发动机速度将建立制动功率通量,以便使输出扭矩大致趋于请求输出扭矩,即,使输出差值趋于0。选择电池差值或输出差值其中之一,用于根据输出差值和电池差值的显著性确定理想减速发动机速度。不显著的输出差值将导致使用电池差值确定理想减速发动机速度,反之,显著的输出差值将导致另外的比较选择电池和输出差值之一用于确定理想减速发动机速度。
当Pbat_min阈值紧凑时,例如,相对小的负值(例如重型应用中-30KW到-150KW),可以确定电池组不能接受流入其中的显著的功率通量,以及根据理想减速发动机速度的发动机减速制动应该唯一地根据显著的输出差值建立。紧凑的Pbat_min阈值直观地表示为通常位于线30和紧凑阈值限制线33之间的图3中的区域31A内的Pbat_min值。图3中的线30相应于零功率通量。Pbat_min代表性地为负值;但是,Pbat_min为正值是可能的,该正值将类似地被考虑为紧凑的。接着不紧凑的Pbat_min阈值相应于位于图3中紧凑阈值限制线33相反侧的区域31B内部的Pbat_min值。当Pbat_min阈值紧凑时,不显著的输出差值将导致理想减速发动机速度的确定有效地趋向更低的发动机速度。显著的输出差值将导致使用输出差值确定理想减速发动机速度。
现在参考图4,显示了本发明优选的控制块实现方式。采用第一闭环比例微分控制41建立第一发动机速度变化率Rate_Pbat,其是前述电池差值Δ_bat的函数。电池功率Pbat和Pbat_min在求和节点43处被比较以建立电池差值Δ_bat,如果要求稳定性所述电池功率Pbat优选地用适当的时间常数过滤。传统的PD处理45对差值进行执行以建立大致相应于发动机速度控制率的比率,使电池差值以闭环控制技术领域公知的稳定方式趋向于零。采用第二闭环比例微分控制42建立第二发动机速度变化率Rate_To,其是前述输出差值Δ_out的函数。请求输出扭矩To_req和预定命令输出扭矩To_cmd在求和节点47处被比较以建立输出差值Δ_out。传统的PD处理49对差值进行执行以建立大致相应于发动机速度控制率的比率,使输出差值以闭环控制技术领域公知的稳定方式趋向于零。
通过考虑请求输出扭矩To_req,确定命令输出扭矩To_cmd。如果请求在系统的能力之内,那么To_cmd响应于车辆驾驶员的请求扭矩。但是To_cmd也可以响应于根据系统极限值的约束输出扭矩。To_cmd还可根据除系统能力之外的其它因素受约束,例如车辆操纵性能和稳定性的考虑因素。约束可包括根据发动机的操作条件确定的发动机扭矩的最大值和最小值,所述操作条件主要包括发动机实际速度Ne。减速发动机扭矩特性可从对电动机驱动的减速发动机(例如,非燃料驱动的、应用了排气制动或发动机压缩制动的)横跨一定范围转动速度的传统动力测定测试中得知。约束还可进一步包括电动机最小和最大扭矩以及最小和最大电池功率。
Rate_Pbat和Rate_To提供给选择逻辑块51,其有效地提供理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des,后面将结合图5进一步描述。Pbat_min也作为输入参数提供给选择逻辑块51。Ne_dot_des是从Rate_Pbat和Rate_To中选择的一个,其被提供给积分器53以便建立根据本发明的协调制动控制中使用的理想发动机速度。积分器53的输出服从最小和最大限制值,分别是min和max。最小发动机速度限制值在协调制动过程中提供设置值,以便确保足够可能的发动机制动扭矩用于协调控制,所述设置值高于正常发动机速度最小限制值,例如怠速,所述最小发动机速度限制值优选地作为校正值被提供。类似的,最大发动机速度限制值优选地作为根据发动机制造商推荐的最大减速发动机速度的校正值被提供。最大发动机速度限制值也受到驾驶员设置的换档选择器位置或车辆速度的影响,其中较高的车辆速度下更能容忍较高的发动机速度。积分器53也可复位至发动机初始速度Ne,大致在协调制动控制过程开始时。
现在参照图5,所示流程图阐释了执行本发明优选控制块实现方式中选择逻辑块53功能的示例性步骤。块61处,确定最小电池功率限制值Pbat_min是否如前面描述的那样紧凑。当该Pbat_min小于预定阈值校正K1时,接着确定限制值不紧凑,能量存储系统目前能接受正常期望数量的再生充电。适当的校正将根据特定应用建立,并根据特定应用必要地进行比例调节。在重型应用中,示例性的阈值校正功率限制值的可以是大约-20KW到大约-50KW。
步骤63处相对于前面描述的输出差值确定能量存储系统接受充电的容量。但是,并不直接检验输出差值。而是比较差值PD处理建立的比率Rate_To和正的校正阈值K3。如果Rate_To不大于K3,接着确定没有显著的输出扭矩不足存在,如根据PD处理的输出差值的估量。在这种情况下,电池差值Δ_bat被用来建立步骤65所述的发动机速度。但是,并不直接使用电池差值。而是选择差值PD处理建立的比率Rate_Pbat作为理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des,如图4所述进一步由积分器处理以建立理想发动机速度Ne_des。负值的Rate_Pbat意味着大于Pbat_min(较小的负值)的电池功率,即低于确定的电池组接受充电容量的流入电池组的功率通量。正值的Rate_Pbat意味着小于Pbat_min(较大的负值)的电池功率,即超过确定的电池组接受充电容量的流入电池组的功率通量。因而,Rate_Pbat将促成控制装置根据其负和正值分别使发动机速度趋向更低或更高。
如果步骤63处建立了Rate_To大于K3,接着确定显著的输出扭矩不足存在,如根据PD处理的输出差值的估量。在这种情况下,电池差值Δ-bat和输出差值Δ-out其中之一用于建立步骤67所述的发动机速度。但是,并不直接使用差值。而是选择差值PD处理建立的比率Rate_Pbat或Rate_To,如图4所述,进一步由积分器处理以建立理想发动机速度Ne_des。两个比率Rate_Pbat和Rate_To中的较大者被选择作为理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des。因此,选择的比率将促成控制装置根据较大比率使发动机速度趋向更高。
当该Pbat_min不小于预定阈值校正K1时,接着确定限制值紧凑,能量存储系统目前具有接受充电的限制容量。当在步骤61确定能量存储系统具有接受充电的限制容量时,发动机速度唯一地根据显著的输出差值建立。步骤69通过其绝对值不小于阈值校正K2确定的显著输出差值将导致根据输出差值Δ_out确定发动机速度,如步骤71所述。但是,并不直接使用输出差值。而是选择差值PD处理建立的比率Rate_To作为理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des,如图4所述,进一步由积分器处理以建立理想发动机速度Ne_des。步骤69通过其绝对值小于阈值校正K2确定的不显著输出差值指示请求和命令输出扭矩之间大致匹配,不需要电流增加发动机减速制动。不显著输出差值将导致根据步骤73的校正值K4确定发动机速度。在步骤73处,理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des被设置为校正值K4,所述校正值K4是负值以便实现降低的发动机速度。降低的发动机速度与降低的车辆速度一致。但是,并不直接使用输出差值。而是选择差值PD处理建立的比率Rate_To作为理想发动机速度率Ne_dot_des,如图4所述,进一步由积分器处理以建立理想发动机速度Ne_des。

Claims (10)

1.一种协调车辆再生和发动机减速制动的方法,所述车辆包括混合动力系,所述混合动力系包括减速柴油发动机,至少一个电机以及电能存储系统,根据柴油发动机、所述至少一个电机和输出之间已知的速度关系,所述柴油发动机和所述至少一个电机可操作地连接到具有该输出的传动系,其中输出功率大致等于发动机功率和所述至少一个电机功率的总和,所述方法包括:
提供车辆制动请求;
通过所述至少一个电机提供作用于输出的第一制动;
通过所述减速发动机提供作用于输出的第二制动;
当流入能量存储系统的功率通量超过预定功率限制值时,控制发动机速度变得较高,当流入能量存储系统的功率通量不超过预定功率限制值时,控制发动机速度变得较低;
因而,增加发动机速度则增加了第二制动作用,降低了第一制动作用,降低发动机速度则降低了第二制动作用,增加了第一制动作用,车辆制动作用的优先权第一给所述至少一个电机,第二给所述减速发动机。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,控制发动机速度包括:
确定流入能量存储系统的功率通量和预定功率限制值之间的功率差值;以及
控制发动机速度以第一比率变化,所述第一比率是功率差值的函数。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:
确定车辆制动;
确定车辆制动请求和车辆制动之间的制动差值;
确定控制发动机速度的第二比率,所述第二比率是制动差值的函数;以及
当制动差值超过预定差值时,控制发动机速度以第一和第二比率中的较大者变化。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
比较预定功率限制值和预定阈值功率限制值;以及
当预定功率限制值未超过预定阈值功率限制值时;
确定车辆制动;
确定车辆制动请求和车辆制动之间的制动差值;
确定控制发动机速度的比率,所述比率是制动差值的函数;以及
根据所述比率控制发动机速度变化。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,当制动差值的绝对值超过预定阈值差值时,用于控制发动机速度的比率是制动差值的函数,否则是有效地降低发动机速度的预定值。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
比较预定功率限制值和预定阈值功率限制值;以及
当预定功率限制值未超过预定阈值功率限制值时;
当制动差值的绝对值超过预定阈值差值时,根据第二比率控制发动机速度,否则根据有效地降低发动机速度的预定值控制发动机速度。
7.一种确定用于包含混合动力系的车辆协调的再生和发动机减速制动系统中能量消耗的发动机速度的方法,所述混合动力系包括减速柴油发动机,至少一个电机以及电能存储系统,根据柴油发动机、所述至少一个电机和输出之间已知的速度关系,所述柴油发动机和所述至少一个电机可操作地连接到具有该输出的传动系,其中输出功率大致等于发动机功率和所述至少一个电机功率的总和,所述方法包括:
计算流入能量存储系统的功率通量和预定功率限制值之间的功率差值;
计算用于发动机速度变化的第一比率,所述第一比率是功率差值的函数;
计算请求输出扭矩和命令输出扭矩之间的扭矩差值;
计算用于发动机速度变化的第二比率,所述第二比率是扭矩差值的函数;
选择用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一;以及
根据选择的用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一确定发动机速度。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,选择用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一包括:
在确定能量存储系统能接受超过预定最小功率限制值的功率的期间;
当第二比率低于预定阈值时选择第一比率,当第二比率不低于预定阈值时选择第一和第二比率中的较大者。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,选择用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一还包括:
在确定能量存储系统不能接受超过预定最小功率限制值的功率的期间,当第二比率的绝对值超过预定最大差值时,选择第二比率。
10.一种制造部件,包括存储介质,所述存储介质具有编码于其中的计算机程序,所述程序用于实现确定发动机速度的方法,用于车辆协调的再生和发动机减速制动系统中的能量消耗,该程序包括:
用于计算流入能量存储系统的功率通量和预定功率限制值之间的功率差值的代码;
用于计算用于发动机速度变化的第一比率的代码,所述第一比率是功率差值的函数;
用于计算请求输出扭矩和命令输出扭矩之间的扭矩差值的代码;
用于计算用于发动机速度变化的第二比率的代码,所述第二比率是扭矩差值的函数;
用于选择用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一的代码;以及
用于根据选择的用于发动机速度变化的所述第一和第二比率其中之一确定发动机速度的代码。
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