CN1693508A - Aluminium alloy model fine crystal aluminium ingot for wheel hub and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Aluminium alloy model fine crystal aluminium ingot for wheel hub and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An Al-alloy for wheel hub contains proportionally Si, Mg, Ti, RE, B, Sr and Al. It is made up of fine-crystal aluminium ingot through smelting, adding Si, Mg, Ti, RE, B and Sr, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-ferrous metal and alloy production technical field thereof, be specifically related to a kind of wheel hub aluminium alloy and manufacture method made from fine grained aluminium ingot thereof.
Background technology
The Al-Si alloy is because its good mechanical performance and good castability widespread use in industry.Because silicon phase matter is crisp and be thick sheet and exist, seriously isolate alloy substrate, and most advanced and sophisticated mutually and property at parts of edges and corners causes stress concentration at silicon, thus mechanical property, especially plasticity and the machinability of reduction alloy, seriously reduce its fatigue lifetime.Therefore, after the Si amount surpasses 6% in the Al-Si alloy, the processing of must going bad.Rotten processing makes eutectic Si become fiber fines shape or synusia shape by thick sheet, thereby improves alloy property.To the refinement of Al-Si alloy grain, obtain tiny and uniform equiax crystal, can improve the intensity of material, especially yield strength; Reduce the size and the quantity of pin hole, and make its more disperse that distributes.Therefore, contain 6.0-8.0%Si, 0.30-0.50%Mg, 0.01-0.20%Ti, rare earth≤0.60%, B≤0.1%, the invention alloy of Sr≤0.1% is owing to contain Ti, B, rare earth, Sr refinement and alterant element, crystal grain is tiny, fully rotten, have preferable performance, can satisfy the wheel hub service requirements.
Fine grained aluminium ingot is under the constant condition of Aluminum Electrolysis Production facility and production technique, by add a certain proportion of titanium oxide in ionogen, utilizes the aluminium ingot of the massfraction of the Ti that aluminium-titanium eutectoid principle produces for the grain refining of 0.01-0.20%.Producing with electrolytic process in the process of fine grained aluminium ingot, Ti is present in the negative electrode aluminium liquid with the form of atom, because Ti content is low, and aluminium liquid is among the motion that does not stop stirs by magnetic field that Faradaic current produces and the effect of anodic gas ebullient, and the Ti element is evenly distributed.Therefore, TiAl in the fine grained aluminium ingot
3Tiny, even, stronger to the grain refining capability of aluminium alloy.Alloy of the present invention has thinner crystal grain by the fine grained aluminium ingot melting, the cheap Ti cost that adds, excellent mechanical property.
Application number is in 01107885.5 the patent application " a kind of Al-alloy material for hub of car and preparation method thereof ", this aluminum alloy materials comprises aluminium, silicon, cerium, magnesium, strontium, titanium, boron, the mass percent of each component is: silicon 10-12%, cerium 0.03-0.08%, magnesium 0.2-0.5%, strontium 0.02-0.04%, titanium 0.1-0.2%, boron 0.1-0.2%, all the other are aluminium.The weak point of this alloy is that titanium elements adds by master alloy, makes that adding cost improves.
Li Shuanshou etc. " master alloy is to the thinning effect of A356.2 alloy " (" Special Processes of Metal Castings and non-ferrous alloy " 2000, (1): introduce 23-25.), in the A356.2 alloy, add Sr, or Al-5Ti-1B, or Al-5Ti-1B-10RE, or Al-10RE, or Al-5Ti-1B-10RE+Al-10RE goes bad and refinement, with alloy phase ratio of the present invention, though the alloying element kind is identical, but Ti is added by fine grained aluminium ingot, and the silicon of A356.2 alloy, magnesium, titanium content are different with alloy of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the problem of existing wheel hub with aluminum grain refinement and rotten processing existence, a kind of wheel hub aluminium alloy that adopts fine grained aluminium ingot to make is provided, provides a kind of manufacture method of this alloy simultaneously, to reduce production costs, refined cast structure, the mechanical property of raising product.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
A kind of wheel hub made from fine grained aluminium ingot is characterized in that with aluminium alloy and manufacture method thereof: add Si, Mg, rare earth in fine grained aluminium ingot, B, Sr are elementary composition, the massfraction of its each element is:
Si 6.0-8.0％
Mg 0.30-0.50％
Ti 0.01-0.20％
Rare earth≤0.6%
B ≤0.1％
Sr ≤0.1％
Impurity≤1.1%
Surplus is an aluminium.
Wherein:
The massfraction of preferred Ti is 0.09-0.15%.
When the massfraction of Ti was 0.01-0.09%, the massfraction of B was 0.03-0.09%.
The massfraction of Ti is 0.01-0.20% or 0.09-0.15%, and when the massfraction of Sr was 0.02-0.06%, the massfraction of rare earth was 0-0.4%.
The massfraction of Ti is 0.01-0.09%, and the massfraction of B is 0.01-0.09%, and when the massfraction of Sr was 0.02-0.06%, the massfraction of rare earth was 0-0.4%.
The massfraction of Ti is 0.01-0.20% or 0.09-0.15%, and the massfraction of Sr is 0% o'clock, and the massfraction of rare earth is 0.05-0.6%.
The massfraction of Ti is 0.01-0.09%, and the massfraction of B is 0.01-0.09%, and the massfraction of Sr is 0% o'clock, and the massfraction of rare earth is 0.05-0.6%.
The wheel hub that preparation is made with the fine grained aluminium ingot method of aluminium alloy may further comprise the steps:
A. add the pure Al of required quality in the fine grained aluminium ingot melt, stir, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.01-0.20%,
B. add Si, Mg, B, rare earth and Sr respectively by the given massfraction of claim 1,
C. temperature is 720-760 ℃, and to melt jet at least initial refining agent or gas 10-20min, blowing gas is nitrogen or argon gas,
D. bath composition is analyzed, product titaniferous amount is regulated by replenish titanium and fine aluminium to melt,
E.680-730 ℃ casting promptly gets product,
Above-mentioned b-d step does not have strict sequencing.
The wheel hub that preparation is made with the fine grained aluminium ingot another kind of method of aluminium alloy may further comprise the steps:
A. add the pure Al of required quality in the fine grained aluminium ingot melt, stir, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.01-0.20%,
B. add Si, Mg, B and rare earth respectively by the given massfraction of claim 1,
C. temperature is 720-760 ℃, and to melt jet at least initial refining agent or gas 10-20min, blowing gas is nitrogen or argon gas,
D. bath composition is analyzed, product titaniferous amount is regulated by replenish titanium and fine aluminium to melt,
E.680-730 ℃ casting gets aluminum alloy ingot,
F. aluminum alloy ingot remelting, the massfraction given by claim 1 adds Sr to aluminium alloy melt, promptly gets product,
Above-mentioned b-d step does not have strict sequencing.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method:
The fine grained aluminium ingot melt melts the melt that forms for melt or the fine grained aluminium ingot that directly goes out electrolyzer.
Si is preheating to 200-800 ℃ in smelting furnace, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt again.
The d step contains Ti amount to product and regulates and be meant in the aforesaid method, bath composition is analyzed, if Ti content is lower than product Ti content target value 0.01%, then adding aluminium titanium master alloy grain-refining agent or titanium agent or potassium fluotitanate replenishes, if be higher than 0.01%, then add fine aluminium and dilute.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the wheel hub aluminium alloy of fine grained aluminium ingot manufacturing, because its fine grained aluminium ingot titanium alloying manner, crystal grain is tiny, low production cost.
2, the invention alloy contains 0.01-0.20%Ti, rare earth≤0.60%, and B≤0.1%, Sr≤0.1%, crystal grain is tiny, and is fully rotten, has excellent performance, can satisfy the wheel hub service requirements.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described, but is not limited to the following example.
The raw materials used fine grained aluminium ingot of the present invention sees that application number is the preparation scheme that provides in 200510017497.9 the patent application " fine grained aluminium ingot and preparation method thereof ".
Embodiment 1
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.15% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.10% in the target product, and the massfraction of Sr is 0.03%.
The ratio of the massfraction 6.8% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 500 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.10%;
Adopt secondary spray refining agent, temperature is reduced to 740 ℃, the 15min that jets for the first time, and blowing gas is a nitrogen, used refining agent is the aluminium alloy refining agent of buying from solvent factory;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.35%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added AlTi5 master alloy grain-refining agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.11% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.09%;
The agent of spray refining for the second time 10min;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, teeming temperature is 715 ℃, gets aluminum alloy ingot.
Aluminum remelting adds Sr by given massfraction, is cast into target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 6.7%Si, and 0.37%Mg, 0.109%Fe, 0.10%Ti, 0.03%Sr, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 302MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 241MPa, unit elongation δ is 6.5%.
Embodiment 2
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.18% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.15% in the target product, and the massfraction of Sr is 0.02%, and the massfraction of cerium-rich mischmetal is 0.3%.
The ratio of the massfraction 6.0% of Si in the product according to target, pure Si is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 600 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.15%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.45%;
Add cerium-rich mischmetal, the massfraction that makes rare earth element is 0.3%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added AlTi5 master alloy grain-refining agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.16% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.14%;
Spray refining agent 20min, blowing gas are nitrogen;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, teeming temperature is 705 ℃, gets aluminum alloy ingot.
The aluminum alloy ingot remelting is added Sr by given massfraction.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 6.2%Si, and 0.44%Mg, 0.12%Fe, 0.15%Ti, 0.02%Sr, 0.3% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 312MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 245MPa, unit elongation δ is 7.8%.
Embodiment 3
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.20% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.18% in the target product, and the massfraction of cerium-rich mischmetal is 0.5%.
The ratio of the massfraction 7.8% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 700 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.18%;
Add cerium-rich mischmetal, the massfraction that makes rare earth element is 0.48%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.30%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added the titanium agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.19% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.17%;
Spray refining agent 10min, blowing gas are argon gas;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, teeming temperature is 715 ℃, gets target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 7.6%Si, and 0.31%Mg, 0.11%Fe, 0.18%Ti, 0.48% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 298MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 231MPa, unit elongation δ is 6.2%.
Embodiment 4
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.03% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, the massfraction of Ti is 0.01% in the target product, the massfraction of B is 0.03%, and the massfraction of Sr is 0.025%, and the massfraction of rare-earth elements of lanthanum is 0.25%.
Fine grained aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace, and adds the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, and making the massfraction of furnace charge fusing back Ti is 0.01%;
Add aluminium silicon master alloy, the massfraction that makes Si is 6.0%.
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.45%;
The about 15min of spray refining agent, blowing gas are argon gas;
Add aluminium lanthanum master alloy, the massfraction that makes rare-earth elements of lanthanum is 0.25%;
Add aluminium boron master alloy, the massfraction that makes B is 0.03%.
Bath composition is analyzed, and the massfraction of Ti is higher than 0.02%, adds fine aluminium and dilutes;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, pouring temperature is 700 ℃, gets aluminum alloy ingot.
The aluminum alloy ingot remelting is added Sr by given massfraction, gets product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 6.2%Si, and 0.43%Mg, 0.09%Fe, 0.01%Ti, 0.03%B, 0.25% rare earth, 0.025%Sr, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 315MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 240MPa, unit elongation δ is 9.8%.
Embodiment 5
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.05% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.02% in the target product, and the massfraction of B is 0.06%, and the massfraction of Sr is 0.05%, and the massfraction of rare-earth element cerium is 0.05%.
The ratio of the massfraction 7.0% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 400 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.02%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.35%;
Add potassium fluoborate, the massfraction that makes B is 0.06%;
Spray refining agent 15min, blowing gas are nitrogen;
Add aluminium cerium master alloy, the massfraction that makes rare-earth element cerium is 0.05%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added the titanium agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.03% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.01%;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, pouring temperature is 690 ℃, gets aluminium alloy.
Aluminum remelting adds Sr by given massfraction, gets target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 6.9%Si, and 0.36%Mg, 0.11%Fe, 0.03%Ti, 0.06%B, 0.05%Sr, 0.06% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 298MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 229MPa, unit elongation δ is 6.8%.
Embodiment 6
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.10% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.06% in the target product, and the massfraction of B is 0.09%, and the massfraction of rare earth element yttrium is 0.4%.
The ratio of the massfraction 7.0% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 300 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.06%;
Add aluminium boron master alloy, the massfraction that makes B is 0.09%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.30%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added AlTi5 master alloy grain-refining agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.07% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.05%;
Add aluminium yttrium master alloy, the massfraction that makes rare earth element yttrium is 0.4%;
Spray refining agent 18min, blowing gas are argon gas;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, pouring temperature is 725 ℃, gets target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 7.0%Si, and 0.31%Mg, 0.12%Fe, 0.06%Ti, 0.09%B, 0.4% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 298MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 232MPa, unit elongation δ is 6.1%.
Embodiment 7
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.12% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.08% in the target product, and the massfraction of B is 0.01%, and the massfraction of Sr is 0.04%, and the massfraction of rare-earth elements of lanthanum is 0.10%.
The ratio of the massfraction 7.8% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 600 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.08%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.46%;
Add aluminium boron master alloy, the massfraction that makes B is 0.01%;
Spray refining agent 17min, blowing gas are nitrogen;
Add aluminium lanthanum master alloy, the massfraction that makes rare-earth elements of lanthanum is 0.10%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added potassium fluotitanate and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.09% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.07%;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, pouring temperature is 728 ℃, gets aluminium alloy.
Aluminum remelting adds Sr by given massfraction, gets target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 7.8%Si, and 0.46%Mg, 0.14%Fe, 0.08%Ti, 0.01%B, 0.04%Sr, 0.10% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 299MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 238MPa, unit elongation δ is 7.2%.
Embodiment 8
The massfraction of choosing Ti is that 0.15% fine grained aluminium ingot is a feedstock production aluminium alloy of the present invention, and the massfraction of Ti is 0.12% in the target product, and the massfraction of cerium-rich mischmetal is 0.12%.
The ratio of the massfraction 7.3% of Si in the product according to target, pure silicon is positioned in the smelting furnace, is preheating to 300 ℃, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt that directly goes out electrolyzer then, and adding the fine aluminium (as Al 99.70A) of required quality, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.12%;
Add aluminium cerium-rich mischmetal master alloy, the massfraction that makes rare earth element is 0.12%;
Add pure Mg, the massfraction that makes Mg is 0.40%;
Bath composition is analyzed,, added the titanium agent and replenish,, add fine aluminium and dilute if be higher than 0.13% if the massfraction of Ti is lower than 0.11%;
Spray refining agent 10min, blowing gas are argon gas;
Leave standstill 20min, casting, teeming temperature is 714 ℃, gets target product.
After testing, the product chemical ingredients is: 7.3%Si, and 0.40%Mg, 0.15%Fe, 0.12%Ti, 0.12% rare earth, surplus is Al; Product mechanical property after T6 thermal treatment is: tensile strength sigma
bBe 288MPa, yield strength σ
0.2Be 221MPa, unit elongation δ is 5.8%.
Claims (10)
1. wheel hub aluminium alloy made from fine grained aluminium ingot is characterized in that: add Si, Mg, rare earth in fine grained aluminium ingot, B, Sr are elementary composition, the massfraction of its each element is
Si 6.0-8.0％
Mg 0.30-0.50％
Ti 0.01-0.20％
Rare earth≤0.6%
B ≤0.1％
Sr ≤0.1％
Impurity≤1.1%
Surplus is an aluminium.
2. according to the described wheel hub aluminium alloy made from fine grained aluminium ingot of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of Ti is 0.09-0.15%.
3. according to the described wheel hub aluminium alloy made from fine grained aluminium ingot of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of Ti is 0.01-0.09%, and the massfraction of B is 0.01-0.09%.
4. according to the described wheel hub aluminium alloy made from fine grained aluminium ingot of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of Sr is 0.02-0.06%, and the massfraction of rare earth is 0-0.4%.
5. according to the described wheel hub aluminium alloy made from fine grained aluminium ingot of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of Sr is 0%, and the massfraction of rare earth is 0.05-0.6%.
6. prepare the wheel hub made from the fine grained aluminium ingot method of aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. add the pure Al of required quality in the fine grained aluminium ingot melt, stir, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.01-0.20%,
B. add Si, Mg, B, rare earth and Sr respectively by the given massfraction of claim 1,
C. temperature is 720-760 ℃, and to melt jet at least initial refining agent or gas 10-20min, blowing gas is nitrogen or argon gas,
D. bath composition is analyzed, product titaniferous amount is regulated by replenish titanium and fine aluminium to melt,
E.680-730 ℃ casting promptly gets product,
Above-mentioned b-d step does not have strict sequencing.
7. prepare the wheel hub made from the fine grained aluminium ingot method of aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. add the pure Al of required quality in the fine grained aluminium ingot melt, stir, the massfraction that makes melt Ti is 0.01-0.20%,
B. add Si, Mg, B and rare earth respectively by the given massfraction of claim 1,
C. temperature is 720-760 ℃, and to melt jet at least initial refining agent or gas 10-20min, blowing gas is nitrogen or argon gas,
D. bath composition is analyzed, product titaniferous amount is regulated by replenish titanium and fine aluminium to melt,
E.680-730 ℃ casting gets aluminum alloy ingot,
F. aluminum alloy ingot remelting, the massfraction given by claim 1 adds Sr to aluminium alloy melt, promptly gets product,
Above-mentioned b-d step does not have strict sequencing.
8. the wheel hub made from fine grained aluminium ingot according to claim 6 or 7 described preparations is characterized in that with the method for aluminium alloy: the melt that the fine grained aluminium ingot melt forms through fusing for the melt that directly goes out electrolyzer or fine grained aluminium ingot.
9. the wheel hub made from fine grained aluminium ingot according to claim 6 or 7 described preparations is with the method for aluminium alloy, and it is characterized in that: Si is preheating to 200-800 ℃ in smelting furnace, add the fine grained aluminium ingot melt again.
10. use the method for aluminium alloy with the wheel hub of fine grained aluminium ingot manufacturing according to claim 6 or 7 described preparations, it is characterized in that: the d step is regulated product Ti content and is meant, bath composition is analyzed, if Ti content is lower than product Ti content target value 0.01%, then adding aluminium titanium master alloy grain-refining agent or titanium agent or potassium fluotitanate replenishes, if be higher than 0.01%, then add fine aluminium and dilute.
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2005
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