CN108467978A - A kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials and preparation method thereof, aluminum alloy materials by mass percentage consisting of：Si：6.4~7.2%, Fe：0~0.15%, Mg:0.35~0.40%, Ti:0.15~0.18%, rare earth element:0.1~0.3%, Al:90~93%.By controlling adding method and the addition opportunity of minor metallic element, it ensure that the trace meter crystallization of aluminum water is evenly distributed, aluminum water density ensure that, to ensure that the mechanical performance of product；After aluminum water minor metallic element adds, degasification dehydrogenation is needed, to eliminate pin hole.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of alloy material, more particularly to a kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials
With preparation process.
Background technology
China express railway builds high speed development in recent years, according to Chinese Railway parent company, by the end of the end of the year 2017,
China railways revenue kilometres reach 12.7 ten thousand kilometers, wherein 2.5 ten thousand kilometers of high-speed railway, account for the 20% of the length of railroad lines in service, high
Iron operating mileage the first in the world.
Gear-box is the actuating unit of bullet train, is one of core component of bullet train, working performance
Quality directly influences high-speed EMUs reliability of operation and safety.Overseas high speed EMU gear-box production, using compared with
Maturation, and the bullet train of domestic operation is mainly CRH2, CRH3 series and the independent research of import, digestion and absorption foreign technology
CRH380 series, gear case body relies primarily on import.In recent years, some Imported gearbox fault takes place frequently, and oil leak is split
Line and other issues cannot solve for a long time, influence traffic safety and operational efficiency.Meanwhile the price of Inlet Gear Box is high
Development speed expensive, that Chinese high ferro was not caught up with up to 12 months development cycles greatlys restrict Chinese high-speed EMUs and closes
The technology of key parts develops and industrialization process.In addition, the CRH EMU technologies of China are closed using more companies of foreign country
It designs and manufactures, the technical standard used is different, such as CRH1 (Canadian Bombadier Inc), CRH2 (Kawasaki, Japan heavy industrys
Company), CRH3 (Siemens), CRH5 (French Alstom), and CRH6 is South China vehicle group (Nanjing
And Qingdao) development and production, CRH380 series is independent development production.Therefore, each CRH EMU key core parts are simultaneous
Tolerance brings extreme difficulties to operation and maintenance.
With the operation of the Beijing-Shanghai Harmony high-speed EMUs of China speed per hour 350km/h, the morning on July 15th, 2016, speed per hour
420km/h Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS)s EMU carries out compbined test success in Zheng Xu's high ferro, indicates that Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) EMU technology reaches
To the leading level in the world.However the design of the critical component gear-box of EMU dynamical system constrains China with manufacturing technology
The development of standard EMU technology, which is gear-box cast aluminium alloy material performance first, to be met the requirements, followed by aluminium alloy
The Casting Technology of gear-box is insufficient, there are density low, stomata, pin hole burning into sand, slag inclusion, bumps, misalignment, crackle, shrinkage porosite etc.
Defect so that the reliability wretched insufficiency of aluminum alloy gear case.
The aluminum alloy materials for the aluminum alloy gear case that CRH380 EMU in China uses at present are Al Si7Mg0.3, power
Learning performance is：Tensile strength Rm >=230MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 >=190MPa, elongation at break A >=2%.Cast-internal
For testing requirements all by a hundred percent radiographic inspection, criterion is C grades or more of ISO9915-1992.It is big according to Shenyang industry
Research report is learned, the gear-box of speed per hour 350km EMU, maximum equivalent stress is 195.58MPa in motor reversal,
Through being more than material yield strength 190MPa, safety coefficient is less than 1, and there are security risks for EMU operation.
It can be seen that research and development high performance casting aluminum alloy materials and design and manufacture meet Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) EMU technology
Aluminum alloy gear case is the great core key technology of current Chinese EMU.
Invention content
In order to solve the aluminum alloy gear case aluminum alloy materials that existing EMU uses, this hair
It is bright to provide a kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials and preparation method.
High ferro gear-box provided by the invention is basic material with national standard aluminium A356.2 with high performance aluminium materials, is melted
Ti, Mg alloying element are added when refining and rare earth element has prepared high performance aluminum alloy materials, and aluminum alloy materials press quality hundred
Point ratio consisting of：Si：6.4~7.2%, Fe：0~0.15%, Mg:0.35~0.40%, Ti:0.15~0.18%, rare earth
Element:0.1~0.3%, Al:90~93%.
The specific preparation process of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials provided by the invention is as follows：
(1) melting management and control
1. before melting, gradient increased temperature baking first is carried out to smelting furnace, until moisture is completely exhausted out, ensures burner hearth drying, Du
Molten aluminum air-breathing in exhausted fusion process and cause cast-internal to have stomata；
2. plus aluminium ingot, it is before charging, aluminium ingot removing surface is clean, at the same to ensure aluminium ingot dry, no moisture；Charging
When, smelting furnace surface and burner hearth are cleaned out, to control iron content；
3. after aluminium ingot fusing, fire box temperature is arranged to 750 DEG C, temperature of aluminum liquid is about increased to 700~730 DEG C, is protected
Temperature, it is more than 750 DEG C to prevent temperature of aluminum liquid, prevents to generate molten aluminum burning suction hydrogen and casting is caused to generate microcosmic pin hole.
(2) chemical composition match when adding tube control technique
1. after molten aluminum fusing, spectral component analysis is done in sampling, according to spectral detection data reporting according to element additive amount
Percentage addition element, when addition element, temperature of aluminum liquid should be controlled in 700-730 DEG C of range, first add high-melting-point element, so
After add low melting point element, prevent low melting point element scaling loss aoxidize；
2. first need to metallic element to be added be preheating to 300 DEG C, with ensure addition metallic element dry no moisture；
3. when adding Ti, first according to aluminum titanium alloy ratio, calculates actual additive amount and be added；At this point, aluminium titanium
The fusing point of alloy, Ti is 1677 DEG C, and density is 4.5 grams/cc, and the fusing point of aluminium is 660 DEG C, 2.69 gram/cube li of density
Rice, density height, the fusing point of Ti density ratios Al is high, and the problem of being not easy to melt of sinking is easy for Ti, and first Ti should be put in addition
In strainer, in the upper layer rotational wobble of molten aluminum, can quickly it melt, after melting completely, then with strainer from molten aluminum bottom
Portion is stirred to molten aluminum middle part, and such method can prevent molten aluminum air-breathing；
4. when adding Si, the ratio being first added as required calculates actual additive amount, because the fusing point of Si is
1412 DEG C, density is 2.329 grams/cc, and the fusing point of molten aluminum is 660 DEG C, and the density of Al is 2.69 grams/cc, Si
Fusing point ratio Al fusing point it is high, be not easy to melt, so first Si should be placed in strainer when adding Si, be revolved on the upper layer of molten aluminum
Turn to shake, can quickly melt, it is such after melting completely, then with strainer from molten aluminum bottom to stirring in the middle part of molten aluminum
Method can prevent molten aluminum air-breathing；
5. when adding Mg, it is first added as required ratio, calculates actual additive amount, the fusing point of Mg is 650 DEG C,
Density is 1.74 grams/cc, and the fusing point of molten aluminum is 660 DEG C, and density is 2.69 grams/cc, and magnesium is easy to float
MAG block is pressed onto molten aluminum bottom with bell jar and is melted so when adding Mg with easy voloxidation；
6. adding rare earth element according to the 0.1~0.3% of aluminum water quality；
7. after the completion of chemical composition is all added, first time degasification is carried out, after degasification, stands about 12~18 points
Clock, sampling do spectral detection, after the assay was approved, can carry out next process.
(3) alusil alloy modifying-refining technique and management and control
1. the rotten purpose of alusil alloy is for crystal grain thinning, improves silicon phase in brittlement phase, improvement alusil alloy tissue
Grain form and distribution situation improve casting strength, plasticity, improve subsequent machining technology performance, improve casting inside and outside quality.
The Modification Manners that the present invention uses are the rotten methods of aluminium-strontium master alloy, and alloy ratio is Al：90%, Sr10%, additive amount are stoves
The 0.03%-0.04% of material is dried using first 200 DEG C, additive amount capping when addition because strontium is easy oxidization burning loss, containing
Amount 0.03%-0.036% can be only achieved long-acting rotten effect, and effective time 2-6 hour is long-acting rotten, is within 4 hours
Most preferably.It is best that addition can refine progress effect together with degasification；
2. the purpose of alusil alloy refinement is for crystal grain thinning, uniform to obtain crystalline structure, no thickness crystal grain is handed over
Wrong mixed crystal area, to improve the intensity and elongation percentage of alusil alloy, and shortens setting time, reduces crackle.Common refinement
Method is that aluminium titanium boron strontium refines method, and the modern science and technology method of most advanced crystal grain at present.Alloy ratio Ti：5%, B：1%,
Al：94%, addition aluminium titanium boron amount is the 0.15% of molten aluminum, is dried using first 200 DEG C, and addition can be refined with degasification and be carried out together
Effect is best；
3. after modifying-refining, stands about 12~18 minutes and sample, standing is to make molten aluminum ingredient uniformly steady
Fixed, sampling is accurate, and inspections fracture is silvery white velvet shape, uniform small grains, no silicon bright spot, the zigzag fault of plane of disruption position,
Illustrate satisfactory mechanical property, can normally produce.
(4) refinery by de-gassing technique and management and control
1. the purpose of degasification is to remove the hydrogen in molten aluminum, hydrogen is a kind of gas for being easy to be absorbed by aluminium alloy, with
Temperature of aluminum liquid to increase hydrogen solubility higher, when temperature of aluminum liquid is higher than 750 DEG C, molten aluminum has begun burning, hydrogen content
Also it is increasing, hydrogen disease can be gradually formed, degasification can cause so just without effect：Casting will produce pin hole, hydrogeneous
Amount is bigger, and casting pin hole is more；
2. the degasification method that the present invention uses is inert gas method, getter uses refinery by de-gassing all-in-one machine, refines equipment
There are strong adsorption hydrogen, AL203And field trash, degassing, refining, slagging-off triple role are had both, and exothermic reaction effect is fast, ensures
The separation of slag aluminium is thorough；
3. inert gas deaeration, while coordinating graphite rotator driving equipment, reach integrated degasification slagging-off effect；
4. outgassing temperature should control in 700-730 DEG C, degassing procedure, inert gas bubble wants small and dense, and molten aluminum will be sent out
Raw violent stirs, and just hydrogen molecule is taken out of liquid level when bubble floating, to contribute to the floating of other impurity in melt,
So the more inert gas bubble the closeer, degassing effect is better；
5. after degasification, pulling the bits on molten aluminum surface out, about 12~18 minutes are stood, survey hydrogen is quickly carried out after sampling,
Hydrogen meter pressure will reach 0.8MPa or more, 300 seconds time, to allow molten aluminum crystallization and freezing under vacuum, after the time, take
Go out sample block, detection density is at 2.65 grams/cc or more, and side is qualification, it was demonstrated that degassing effect is fine, under this state
The absorption of molten aluminum internal hydrogen reduces, and casting there will not be pin hole.
Advantageous effect：
The preparation process effect of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials provided by the invention is as follows：
(1) it ensure that the accuracy of various minor metallic element ingredient accountings in material；
(2) adding method of control minor metallic element and addition opportunity ensure that the trace meter crystallization distribution of aluminum water
Uniformly, ensure aluminum water density, to ensure the mechanical performance of product；
(3) after the addition of aluminum water minor metallic element, degasification dehydrogenation is needed, pin hole is eliminated.
Specific implementation mode
For the preferred optimum formula of embodiment and technical process, invention content is further elaborated on.
Embodiment 1
Element composition is shown in Table 1
| Chemical composition | Si | Fe | Mg | Ti | Rare earth | Al |
| Content (%) | 7.0 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 92.3 |
Preparation process is as follows：
(1) melting management and control
1. before melting, gradient increased temperature baking first is carried out to smelting furnace, until moisture is completely exhausted out, ensures burner hearth drying, Du
Molten aluminum air-breathing in exhausted fusion process and cause cast-internal to have stomata；
2. plus aluminium ingot, it is before charging, aluminium ingot removing surface is clean, at the same to ensure aluminium ingot dry, no moisture；Charging
When, smelting furnace surface and burner hearth are cleaned out, to control iron content；
3. after aluminium ingot fusing, fire box temperature is arranged to 750 DEG C, temperature of aluminum liquid is about increased to 700~730 DEG C, is protected
Temperature, it is more than 750 DEG C to prevent temperature of aluminum liquid, prevents to generate molten aluminum burning suction hydrogen and casting is caused to generate microcosmic pin hole.
(2) chemical composition match when adding tube control technique
1. after molten aluminum fusing, spectral component analysis is done in sampling, according to spectral detection data reporting according to element additive amount
Percentage addition element, when addition element, temperature of aluminum liquid should be controlled in 700~730 DEG C of ranges, first add high-melting-point element, so
After add low melting point element, prevent low melting point element scaling loss aoxidize；
2. first need to metallic element to be added be preheating to 300 DEG C, with ensure addition metallic element dry no moisture；
3. when adding Ti, first according to aluminum titanium alloy adding proportion, calculates actual additive amount and be added；Adding
Added-time first Ti is placed in strainer, in the upper layer rotational wobble of molten aluminum, allow to quickly melt, completely melt after, then with leak
Spoon is stirred from molten aluminum bottom to molten aluminum middle part, and such method can prevent molten aluminum air-breathing；
4. when adding Si, the ratio being first added as required calculates actual additive amount, should be first when adding Si
Si is placed in strainer, in the upper layer rotational wobble of molten aluminum, allows to quickly melt, after melting completely, then with strainer from aluminium
Liquid bottom is stirred to molten aluminum middle part, and such method can prevent molten aluminum air-breathing；
5. when adding Mg, it is first added as required ratio, calculates actual additive amount, when adding Mg,
MAG block molten aluminum bottom is pressed onto with bell jar to melt；
6. adding rare earth element according to the 0.1~0.3% of aluminum water quality；
7. after the completion of chemical composition is all added, first time degasification is carried out, after degasification, stands about 12~18 points
Clock, sampling do spectral detection, after the assay was approved, can carry out next process.
(3) alusil alloy modifying-refining technique and management and control
1. the present invention is gone bad using aluminium-strontium master alloy, method is rotten, and alloy ratio is Al：90%, Sr：10%, additive amount
It is the 0.03%-0.04% of furnace charge, is dried using first 200 DEG C, additive amount capping when addition.
2. using the refinement method refinement of aluminium titanium boron, alloy ratio Ti：5%, B：1%, Al：94%, aluminium titanium Boron addition is aluminium
The 0.15% of liquid is dried using first 200 DEG C.
3. after modifying-refining, stands about 12~18 minutes and sample, standing is to make molten aluminum ingredient uniformly steady
Fixed, sampling is accurate, and inspections fracture is silvery white velvet shape, uniform small grains, no silicon bright spot, the zigzag fault of plane of disruption position,
Illustrate satisfactory mechanical property, can normally produce.
(4) refinery by de-gassing technique and management and control
Using inert gas method degasification, using refinery by de-gassing all-in-one machine, ensure that the separation of slag aluminium is thorough；
3. inert gas deaeration, while coordinating graphite rotator driving equipment, reach integrated degasification slagging-off effect；
4. outgassing temperature is controlled at 700-730 DEG C；
5. after degasification, pulling the bits on molten aluminum surface out, about 12~18 minutes are stood, survey hydrogen is quickly carried out after sampling,
Hydrogen meter pressure will reach 0.8MPa or more, 300 seconds time, to allow molten aluminum crystallization and freezing under vacuum, after the time, take
Go out sample block, for detection density at 2.65 grams/cc or more, side is qualification.Properties of product obtained are shown in Table 2
Table 2
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage 50mm (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| 370 | 278 | 8.5 | 89 |
Embodiment 2
Element composition is shown in Table 3
Table 3
| Chemical composition | Si | Fe | Mg | Ti | Rare earth | Al |
| Content (%) | 7.0 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 92.1 |
Preparation process is the same as embodiment 1；
Properties of product obtained are shown in Table 4
Table 4
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage 50mm (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| 375 | 275 | 9.1 | 90 |
Embodiment 3
Element composition is shown in Table 5
| Chemical composition | Si | Fe | Mg | Ti | Rare earth | Al |
| Content (%) | 6.4 | 0.13 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 92.6 |
Preparation process is the same as embodiment 1；
Properties of product obtained are shown in Table 6
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage 50mm (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| 365 | 270 | 7.5 | 88 |
The mechanical performance that the special cast aluminium alloy gold of 7 EMU gear-box of table requires
| Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage 50mm (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| ≧270 | ≧220 | ≧3.5 | ≧75 |
Have above-mentioned visible：Aluminum alloy materials made from the method for the present invention disclosure satisfy that the requirement of high ferro gear-box.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials, it is characterised in that：The aluminum alloy materials are by mass percentage
Consisting of：Si：6.4~7.2%, Fe：0~0.15%, Mg:0.35~0.40%, Ti:0.15~0.18%, rare earth element:
0.1~0.3%, Al:90~93%.
2. a kind of preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The preparation method comprises the following steps：
(1) melting management and control
1. gradient increased temperature baking is carried out to smelting furnace before melting, until moisture is completely exhausted out；
2. it is before charging that aluminium ingot removing surface is clean, while to ensure that aluminium ingot is dried, no moisture；
3. aluminium ingot is added, when charging, cleans out smelting furnace surface and burner hearth, to control iron content；
4. after aluminium ingot fusing, fire box temperature is arranged to 750 DEG C, temperature of aluminum liquid is increased to 700~730 DEG C, is kept the temperature, and prevents
Temperature of aluminum liquid is more than 750 DEG C；
(2) the addition management and control of element
1. after molten aluminum fusing, spectral component analysis is done in sampling, and addition element, when addition element, molten aluminum are reported according to spectral detection
Temperature control first adds high-melting-point element, then adds low melting point element in 700~730 DEG C of ranges；Wherein, the member added
Element is：Si, Fe, Mg, Ti；
2. adding rare earth element according to the 0.1~0.3% of aluminum water quality；
3. element all after the completion of addition, carries out first time degasification, after degasification, 12~18 minutes are stood, spectrum is done in sampling
Detection, after detection is qualified, into next process；
(3) alusil alloy modifying-refining and management and control
1. it is rotten to carry out alusil alloy using the rotten method of aluminium-strontium master alloy；
2. carrying out alusil alloy refinement using aluminium titanium boron refinement method；
3. after modifying-refining, standing 12~18 minutes and sampling；
(4) refinery by de-gassing technique and management and control
1. using inert gas method degasification, while coordinating graphite rotator driving equipment, carries out degasification slagging-off；
2. after degasification, pulling the bits on molten aluminum surface out, about 12~18 minutes are stood, is quickly carried out using hydrogen meter after sampling
Survey hydrogen, after take out sample block, detection.
3. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(2) addition element when need to metallic element to be added be preheating to 300 DEG C.
4. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(2) when the addition Ti or addition Si, actual additive amount is calculated according to adding proportion, Ti or Si are placed in strainer,
The upper layer rotational wobble of molten aluminum, can quickly melt, completely melt after, then with strainer from molten aluminum bottom to molten aluminum middle part
It stirs.
5. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(2) it when the addition Mg, calculates actual additive amount according to adding proportion and adds；When adding Mg, with bell jar MAG block pressure
Melt to molten aluminum bottom.
6. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(3) alloy ratio when alusil alloy is rotten is Al：90%, Sr：10%, additive amount is the 0.03~0.04% of furnace charge,
It is dried using first 200 DEG C；Alloy ratio is Ti when alusil alloy refines：5%, B：1%, Al：94%, the additive amount of aluminium titanium boron is
The 0.15% of molten aluminum is dried using first 200 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(4) in 700~730 DEG C of ranges, degassing procedure, inert gas bubble wants small and dense for the outgassing temperature control.
8. the preparation method of high ferro gear-box high performance aluminium materials as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step
(4) the hydrogen meter pressure is 0.8MPa or more, surveys 300 seconds hydrogen time.
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| CN109338180A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy and its preparation method and application |
| CN109338180B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-12-24 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | High-toughness cast aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2020113713A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | High strength and ductility casted aluminum-silicon alloy, manufacturing method for same, and applications thereof |
| CN111910094A (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏雷科德轨道交通科技有限公司 | Preparation process of aluminum alloy for high-elongation gear box |
| CN115287505A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-04 | 内蒙古科技大学 | High-performance A356 aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115415738A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-02 | 重庆友利森汽车科技有限公司 | Preparation process of aluminum alloy battery frame |
| CN115612896A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-17 | 福伊特路通城铁变速箱技术(长春)有限公司 | Aluminum alloy, application of aluminum alloy and preparation method of railway vehicle gearbox body |
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