CN105543644B - Industrial reductor super large-scale pinion steel SCM822H manufacturing process - Google Patents
Industrial reductor super large-scale pinion steel SCM822H manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of industrial reductor super large-scale pinion steel SCM822H manufacturing process, it is therefore an objective to provides gear round steel blank for Φ 700mm~Φ 980mm super large-scale gears, reaches internal soundness requirement.Technical scheme：Using high purity steel smelting technique and optimization internal control composition design；Secondly it is not more than 930 DEG C using upsetting pull technique, large deformation forging and control final forging temperature；In addition using annealing and the processing of normalizing multistage；Process route：Make steel (electric furnace) → external refining (LF → VD) → ingot casting → forging (3150t quick forging machines or 3500t quick forging machines) → heat treatment → flaw detection.The helpful of the present invention is：It is qualified by controlling chemical composition and smelting technique to ensure that mechanical property, quenching degree and field trash are stablized；Control aluminium is smelted, forging upsetting pull reaches grain size not less than 6 grades；Reach dehydrogenation by smelting VD vacuum outgas and unique steel annealing technique；Solve the problems, such as degree of purity, performance, quenching degree, grain size and the white point of large gear steel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material manufacturing field, is related to a kind of manufacturing process of industrial reductor pinion steel, mainly
Production for Φ 700mm~Φ 980mm super large-scale SCM822H pinion steels.
Background technology
With the high speed development of industrial reductor, use of the reducer gear particularly specification compared with gear wheel is proposed more
High requirement.The relatively large gear in home and abroad is directly or indirectly produced using round steel at present, for example, the outside diameter of gear Φ 400mm~
Φ 700mm's, using the round steel bar of production dimension, gear blank is directly processed after cross-sectional direction cut-out；For
The outside diameter of gear is then using the round steel bar for first producing certain specification, is sawed into material Duan Houzai upsettings into cake more than Φ 700mm
The mode of part produces, for example is produced for the Big sized gear steel of Siemens using above method.Expect production of the section upsetting into cake part
Although mode can ensure steel internal soundness, flaw detection is qualified, also increases material section heating, material section upsetting cake, material section simultaneously and moves back
The cumbersome production process such as fire, and the cost of its great number brought.
Gear blank is directly processed using the SCM822H gear round steel of Φ 700mm~Φ 980mm super large-scales, with use
Cake part mode, which produces, to be compared, and not only can shorten the production cycle, and can also reduce the production cost of great number.But on the one hand,
Large-size round steel forging material need to use large steel ingot to produce, but alloying component segregation is more serious, and mechanical property and Hardenability Technique refer to
Mark is relatively inaccessible to；Then it is easy to produce coarse grains to burn big ingot shape thoroughly using conventional long-time soak technique simultaneously, it is difficult
To meet grain size technical indicator；On the other hand, SCM822H steel is chrome-molybdenum steel, belongs to white point sensitivity steel, and smelting process is conventional
VD Fruit storage time deficiencies can cause in molten steel that hydrogen content is higher, steel ingot is produced white point；Furthermore forging retreats
Fire, because specification is larger, the conventional annealing time deficiency or annealing it is insufficient, in steel hydrogen completely diffusion remove can also produce it is white
Point.
Above mentioned problem is the important technical obstacle in Big sized gear steel SCM822H production processes, how to ensure molten steel
Degree of purity, the stability of chemical composition and VD degassings dehydrogenation problem are one of core technologies of steel-making；On the other hand composition is reduced
Segregation, thoroughly eliminate white point and prevent that grain size is also one of key technology beyond target, have no that home and abroad document has correlation at present
The report of new technology research, the existing production technology in home and abroad are difficult to the requirement for meeting Big sized gear steel.
The content of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of industrial reductor super large-scale pinion steel SCM822H manufacturing process, it is therefore an objective to is Φ
700mm~Φ 980mm super large-scales gear provides gear round steel blank, and reaches internal soundness requirement.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
1. molten steel degree of purity and stable mechanical property are ensured by high purity steel smelting technique and internal control composition optimization design
Energy, quenching degree；Secondly it is not more than 930 DEG C using upsetting pull technique, large deformation forging and control final forging temperature, ensures materials microstructure
Even compact, meet the requirement of flaw detection, mechanical property and grain size；Reach additionally by using annealing and the processing of normalizing multistage
Dehydrogenation purpose；
Process route：Make steel (electric furnace) → external refining (LF → VD) → ingot casting → forging (3150t quick forging machines or
3500t quick forging machines) → heat treatment → flaw detection.
2. concrete technology system：
(1) process for making
1. chemical composition
Large gear steel SCM822H chemical composition inner quality standards, are shown in Table 1.
The SCM822H steel chemical composition inner quality standards of table 1
2. eaf process
Dispensing must not add briquetting, and pig iron supplying is no less than 20 tons, and electric furnace steel tapping amount is controlled in 60t~65t；It is every before charging
Stove adds lime 800kg~1500kg, and fusing latter stage strives early making foamed slag, improves the thermal efficiency；Fine melt sample temperature is taken to be not less than
1540 DEG C, spray carbon dust is no less than 200kg before tapping；Electric furnace steel tapping temperature is not less than 1630 DEG C.
3. LF stove refinery practices
Do not consider to feed aluminum steel by 0.08% in stove in place, be diffused deoxidation using carborundum or aluminum shot and keep atmosphere,
First batch of addition 40kg~60kg, when clinker bleaches, temperature (T) can sample 1 when being not less than 1540 DEG C, and carborundum or aluminum shot can
To be added portionwise, white slag effect is kept, the white slag time is not less than 30min, and tapping requires that sulphur is not more than 0.010%.
4. VD techniques
Processing of skimming is carried out before entering tank, control thickness of slag layer is not less than 800mm, vacuum in 60mm~80mm, free space
Degassing is less than 100Pa, keeps 15min (rainy season 20min)；Hydrogen is determined in sampling after uncapping；Top of the slag fluctuation situation is kept a close eye on during soft blow,
With top of the slag fine motion, molten steel face is not exposed to be defined, and the soft blow time is no less than 20min；VD tappings are gone out for+70 DEG C~+90 DEG C by liquidus curve
Steel.
5. pouring technology
Ingot mould temperature：20 DEG C~80 DEG C, the pre-heat treatment is carried out less than this temperature；To ingot mould applying argon gas before cast；Work as steel
Liquid adds exothermic mixture when rising at cap mouth line 2/3；Argon for protecting pouring is used in casting process.
(2) forging technology
Protecting 7h~10h sides for 1200 DEG C~1220 DEG C can come out of the stove jumping-up；Forging ratio requirement is not less than 5.Specification is forged less than Φ 600mm
Make technique and technique is pulled out using a upsetting one, specification pulls out technique not less than Φ 600mm forging technologies using two upsettings two, and pulling process will have
No less than two passage 150mm above weight；Final forging temperature is not more than 930 DEG C.
(3) Technology for Heating Processing
500 DEG C~550 DEG C shove charges are air-cooled to after forging, 870 DEG C of ± 10 DEG C of insulation 15h are risen to after 650 DEG C of ± 10 DEG C of insulation 20h
~20h be air-cooled to 300 DEG C carry out insulation a period of time after, then to be warming up to 650 DEG C of soaking times at least no more than 80 DEG C/h
15h/100mm, 400 DEG C are furnace-cooled to afterwards, then to be cooled to 200 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove no more than 15 DEG C/h speed (see Fig. 1).
3. physicochemical property
(1) the qualified rank of non-metallic inclusion should meet table 2 and provide.
The qualified rank of the non-metallic inclusion of table 2
(2) grain size uses acieration, and assay should be not less than 6 grades.
(3) mechanical property should meet table 3 and provide.
The qualified rank of the mechanical property of table 3
(4) deliver goods hardness (HBW) 160~210.
(5) the qualified rank of macrostructure should meet table 4 and provide.
The qualified rank of the macrostructure of table 4
(6) H should meet table 5 and provide.
The H of table 5
(7) ultrasonic examination UT is qualified.
The innovative point of the present invention is：
(1) the key link of process for making is controlled
To improve Molten Steel Cleanliness, following five key links of process for making are controlled：
1. raw material：Using high-quality steel scrap, the pig iron, dispensing must not add briquetting, and pig iron supplying is no less than 20 tons；
2. strictly control electric furnace steel tapping amount, does not ensure oxidizing slag；
3. the LF white slag times are no less than 30min, LF is whole to be diffused deoxidation using carborundum or aluminum shot and keeps atmosphere,
Big argon gas stirring during alloy material is added, to ensure that field trash fully floats；
4. VD enters to carry out before tank skimming, processing control thickness of slag layer is not less than 800mm in 60mm~80mm, free space, very
Sky degassing is less than 100Pa, keeps 15min (rainy season 20min)；The soft blow time is no less than 20min, to ensure the field trash in molten steel
Can fully, effectively it float, soft blow is defined by molten steel no leakage face, prevents air inlet；
5. pouring into a mould the stage, covering slag is toasted, and when molten steel is risen at cap mouth line 2/3, adds exothermic mixture in time；Pour
Argon for protecting pouring is used during note, molten steel secondary oxidation is prevented and enters gas in molten steel；
(2) chemical composition is rationally controlled
Internal control composition is formulated, ensures smelting component in control range, so that mechanical property and quenching degree are stable.
(3) grain size technique is controlled
1. steel aluminium content is in the range of 0.015%~0.035%, to control grain size；
2. forging use upsetting pull technique, final forging temperature is controlled, with big processing than (processing is than not less than 5) Broken Crystal,
Obtain small grains；
3. use heat treatment normalizing process, effective crystal grain thinning.
(4) anti-white point technique
1. hydrogen content in steel is controlled to be not more than 1.7 × 10-6；
2. being air-cooled to after steel forging, 500 DEG C~550 DEG C progress are red to send annealing, prevents low temperature hydrogen from separating out, and forms white point and lacks
Fall into.
3. using unique annealing process, prevent hydrogen to be largely dissolved in retained austenite, concentrate release during cooling；Annealing
Hydrogen is will be helpful to the processing of normalizing multistage slowly to discharge, to reach dehydrogenation purpose.
The helpful of the present invention is：By controlling chemical composition and clean steel smelting technique to ensure mechanical property, through hardening
It is qualified that property and field trash are stablized；Aluminium technique is controlled using smelting, forging upsetting pull technique reaches large-size round steel grain size not less than 6
Level requires；Reach dehydrogenation purpose by smelting VD vacuum outgas and unique steel annealing technique；Solves large gear steel
Degree of purity, performance, quenching degree, grain size and white point problem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is large gear steel SCM822H heat treatment cycle curve figures；
Fig. 2 is the Big sized gear steel SCM822H round steel grain size figures of heat (batch) number 15203021124；
Fig. 3 is the Big sized gear steel SCM822H round steel grain size figures of heat (batch) number 15203021088；
Fig. 4 is the Big sized gear steel SCM822H round steel grain size figures of heat (batch) number 15203021087.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment elaborates to the present invention.
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 use same technological process：Electric furnace → LF → VD → ingot casting → forging
(3500 tons of quick forging machines) → heat treatment → flaw detection.
Embodiment 1
Heat (batch) number：15203021124, round steel trimmed size Φ 780mm, forging ratio：5.83
1. production technology
(1) process for making
1. chemical composition assay is shown in Table 6.
The chemical composition assay of table 6
2. eaf process
The pig iron is incorporated 30 tons, 33.45 tons of steel scrap, returns to 5.6 tons of steel, electric furnace steel tapping amount 65t；Add lime 882kg before charging；
1557 DEG C of fine melt sample temperature is taken, spray carbon dust 400kg, 1659 DEG C of electric furnace steel tapping temperature before tapping.
3. LF stove refinery practices
Aluminum steel 240m is fed in stove in place, it is whole to be diffused deoxidation using carborundum and aluminum shot and keep atmosphere, it is first batch of to add
Enter amount carborundum 60kg, aluminum shot 30kg, clinker bleaches, and samples 1 during 1540 DEG C of temperature, subsequently adds three batches of carborundum and aluminium altogether
Grain, common 90kg, white slag effect is kept, white slag time 55min, tap S:0.005%.
4. VD techniques
VD carries out processing of skimming before entering tank, controls thickness of slag layer about 60mm, free space 800mm, VD final vacuum
60Pa, retention time 20min, the stirring of big flow argon gas；Fixed [H] 1.3 × 10 is sampled after uncapping-6；Top of the slag fine motion, molten steel be not naked
Dew, 1594 DEG C of soft blow time 30min, VD tapping temperature.
5. pouring technology
35 DEG C~40 DEG C of ingot mould temperature；To ingot mould applying argon gas before cast；When molten steel is risen at cap mouth line 2/3, add
Enter exothermic mixture；Argon for protecting pouring is used in casting process.
(2) forging technology
Protect 8h for 1220 DEG C to come out of the stove jumping-up, forging ratio 5.83；Technique productions are pulled out using two upsettings two, pulling process has the weight of two passages
Pressure, weight drafts reach 160mm~180mm, 870 DEG C of final forging temperature.
(3) Technology for Heating Processing
It is air-cooled to 521 DEG C of shove charges after forging, 870 DEG C of insulation 15h are risen to after 650 DEG C of insulation 20h is air-cooled to 300 DEG C and be incubated
After 10h, then to be warming up to 650 DEG C of insulation 105h no more than 80 DEG C/h, 400 DEG C are furnace-cooled to, then to be dropped no more than 15 DEG C/h speed
Temperature is to 200 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
2. production testing result
(1) the examination of nonmetallic inclusion the results are shown in Table 7.
The examination of nonmetallic inclusion result of table 7
(2) grain size uses acieration, and assay is 7 grades~6 grades (see Fig. 2).
(3) mechanical properties test the results are shown in Table 8.
The mechanical properties test result of table 8
(4) deliver goods hardness (HBW) 189,191.
(5) macroscopic examination the results are shown in Table 9.
The macrostructure assay of table 9
| The trade mark | General Loosen | Center porosity | Pattern segregation |
| SCM822H | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 |
(6) H assay is shown in Table 10.
The H assay of table 10
(7) ultrasonic examination UT is qualified.
Embodiment 2
Heat (batch) number：15203021088, round steel trimmed size Φ 820mm, forging ratio：5.47
1. production technology
(1) process for making
1. chemical composition assay is shown in Table 11.
The chemical composition assay of table 11
2. eaf process
The pig iron is incorporated 30 tons, 32.9 tons of steel scrap, returns to 5.95 tons of steel, electric furnace steel tapping amount 65t；Add lime 995kg before charging；
1572 DEG C of fine melt sample temperature is taken, spray carbon dust 300kg, 1671 DEG C of electric furnace steel tapping temperature before tapping.
3. LF stove refinery practices
Aluminum steel 240m is fed in stove in place, it is whole to be diffused deoxidation using carborundum and aluminum shot and keep atmosphere, it is first batch of to add
Enter amount carborundum 50kg, aluminum shot 30kg, clinker bleaches, and samples 1 during 1568 DEG C of temperature, subsequently adds three batches of carborundum and aluminium altogether
Grain, common 80kg, white slag effect is kept, white slag time 65min, tap S:0.007%.
4. VD techniques
VD carries out processing of skimming before entering tank, controls thickness of slag layer about 70mm, free space 800mm, VD final vacuum
60Pa, retention time 20min, the stirring of big flow argon gas；Fixed [H] 1.1 × 10 is sampled after uncapping-6；Top of the slag fine motion, molten steel be not naked
Dew, 1590 DEG C of soft blow time 38min, VD tapping temperature.
5. pouring technology
35 DEG C~42 DEG C of ingot mould temperature；To ingot mould applying argon gas before cast；When molten steel is risen at cap mouth line 2/3, add
Enter exothermic mixture；Argon for protecting pouring is used in casting process.
(2) forging technology
9h are protected for 1220 DEG C to come out of the stove jumping-up.Forging ratio 5.47；Technique productions are pulled out using two upsettings two, pulling process has the weight of two passages
Pressure, weight drafts reach 160mm~180mm, 870 DEG C of final forging temperature.
(3) Technology for Heating Processing
It is air-cooled to 527 DEG C of shove charges after forging, 880 DEG C of insulation 15h are risen to after 650 DEG C of insulation 20h is air-cooled to 300 DEG C and be incubated
After 15h, then to be warming up to 650 DEG C of insulation 155h no more than 80 DEG C/h, 400 DEG C are furnace-cooled to, then to be dropped no more than 15 DEG C/h speed
Temperature is to 200 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
2. production testing result
(1) the examination of nonmetallic inclusion is shown in Table 12.
The examination of nonmetallic inclusion result of table 12
(1) grain size uses acieration, and assay is 7 grades~8 grades (see Fig. 3).
(2) mechanical properties test the results are shown in Table 13.
The mechanical properties test result of table 13
(4) deliver goods hardness (HBW) 192,187.
(5) macroscopic examination the results are shown in Table 14.
The macroscopic examination result of table 14
| The trade mark | General Loosen | Center porosity | Pattern segregation |
| SCM822H | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 |
(6) H assay is shown in Table 15.
Table 15
(7) ultrasonic examination UT is qualified.
Embodiment 3
Heat (batch) number：15203021087, round steel trimmed size Φ 980mm, forging ratio：5.13
1. production technology
(1) process for making
1. chemical composition assay is shown in 16.
The chemical composition assay of table 16
2. eaf process
The pig iron is incorporated 30 tons, 31.95 tons of steel scrap, returns to 7.05 tons of steel, electric furnace steel tapping amount 60.6t；Add lime before charging
994kg；1570 DEG C of fine melt sample temperature is taken, spray carbon dust 300kg, 1670 DEG C of electric furnace steel tapping temperature before tapping.
3. LF stove refinery practices
Aluminum steel 240m is fed in stove in place, it is whole to be diffused deoxidation using carborundum and aluminum shot and keep atmosphere, it is first batch of to add
Enter amount carborundum 50kg, aluminum shot 30kg, clinker bleaches, and samples 1 during 1576 DEG C of temperature, subsequently adds three batches of carborundum and aluminium altogether
Grain, common 80kg, white slag effect is kept, white slag time 60min, tap S:0.006%.
4. VD techniques
VD carries out processing of skimming before entering tank, controls thickness of slag layer about 70mm, free space 800mm, VD final vacuum
60Pa, retention time 20min, the stirring of big flow argon gas；Fixed [H] 1.1ppm after uncapping.Top of the slag fine motion, molten steel do not have it is exposed, it is soft
Blow the time 39 minutes.1590 DEG C of VD tapping temperatures.
5. pouring technology
38 DEG C~45 DEG C of ingot mould temperature；To ingot mould applying argon gas before cast；When molten steel is risen at cap mouth line 2/3, add
Enter exothermic mixture；Argon for protecting pouring is used in casting process.
(3) forging technology
9h are protected for 1220 DEG C to come out of the stove jumping-up.Forging ratio 5.13；Technique productions are pulled out using two upsettings two, pulling process has the weight of two passages
Pressure, weight drafts reach 150mm~180mm, 870 DEG C of final forging temperature.
(3) Technology for Heating Processing
It is air-cooled to 530 DEG C of shove charges after forging, 880 DEG C of insulation 15h are risen to after 650 DEG C of insulation 20h is air-cooled to 300 DEG C and be incubated
After 15h, then to be warming up to 650 DEG C of insulation 155h no more than 80 DEG C/h, 400 DEG C are furnace-cooled to, then to be dropped no more than 15 DEG C/h speed
Temperature is to 200 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
2. production testing result
(1) the examination of nonmetallic inclusion is shown in Table 17.
The examination of nonmetallic inclusion result of table 17
(2) grain size uses acieration, and assay is 7 grades~8 grades (see Fig. 4).
(3) mechanical properties test the results are shown in Table 18.
18 mechanical properties test results
(4) deliver goods hardness (HBW) 190,199.
(5) macroscopic examination the results are shown in Table 19.
The macroscopic examination result of table 19
| The trade mark | General Loosen | Center porosity | Pattern segregation |
| SCM822H | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0 |
(6) H assay is shown in Table 20.
Table 20
(7) ultrasonic examination UT is qualified.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of industrial reductor super large-scale pinion steel SCM822H manufacturing process, its manufacturing process optimization internal control composition is set
Count, using high purity steel smelting process；It is not more than 930 DEG C using upsetting pull technique, large deformation forging and control final forging temperature；Using
Annealing and normalizing multistage handling process；Process route：Electric furnace steel making → LF refining → V refinings → ingot casting → 3150t quick forging machines
Forging or 3500t quick forging machines forging → heat treatment → flaw detection, it is characterised in that：It is described that work is handled using annealing and normalizing multistage
Skill, 500 DEG C~550 DEG C shove charges are air-cooled to after forging, 870 DEG C of ± 10 DEG C of insulation 15h~20h are risen to after 650 DEG C of ± 10 DEG C of insulation 20h
Be air-cooled to 300 DEG C carry out insulation a period of time after, then to be warming up to 650 DEG C of soaking time at least 15h/ no more than 80 DEG C/h
100mm, 400 DEG C are furnace-cooled to afterwards, then to be cooled to 200 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove no more than 15 DEG C/h speed.
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| CN106086298B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-07-03 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of smelting process of low-phosphorous-low titanium-low-sulfur steel |
| CN109454211A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-12 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | The method of electric furnace smelting high quality pinion steel |
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