CN109338180A - A kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109338180A CN109338180A CN201811489233.7A CN201811489233A CN109338180A CN 109338180 A CN109338180 A CN 109338180A CN 201811489233 A CN201811489233 A CN 201811489233A CN 109338180 A CN109338180 A CN 109338180A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy and its preparation method and application, the alusil alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7~8%, Mg 0.4~0.5%, Fe 0.1~0.2%, Ti 0.1~0.2%, Sr 0.01~0.02%, La 0.03~0.06%, Ce 0.02~0.04%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element.Preparation method includes that aluminum-silicon alloy liquid, fine degenerate, refining degasification removal of impurities, casting and fixation rates are prepared in melting.The content that the present invention passes through optimization Si, Mg element, fine degenerate α-Al crystal grain, β-Fe Fe-riched phase and common reciever, α-Al dendrite is set to be changed into fine isometric crystal grains, so that gill shape β-Fe Fe-riched phase and common reciever is changed into tiny graininess or corynebacterium, eliminates the harm of gill shape β-Fe Fe-riched phase and common reciever to alusil alloy intensity, plasticity and fracture toughness.Cast Al-Si alloy of the present invention has the fracture toughness that intensity is high, plasticity is good and excellent, is suitable for casting various stress members, such as automotive light weight technology structural member.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminium alloy and its preparation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy and its
Preparation method and application.
Background technique
Aluminium alloy has many advantages, such as that density is small, specific strength is high, corrosion-resistant, easy processing molding, recoverable, is widely applied
In fields such as transport facility, electronic apparatus, mechanized equipment, buildings.With the development of automotive light weight technology, spindle,
The components such as bladder support arm, brake caliper, damping tower, mounting bracket, control arm, engine cylinder body and cylinder cap are all badly in need of
" with aluminium for steel " arrived the purpose of automotive light weight technology.These components belong to important stress members on automobile, are
Safety and service life, these components for improving automobile are also more demanding to the comprehensive mechanical property of aluminium alloy, such as compared with
High intensity, excellent plasticity and fracture toughness.
Casting is directly to pour aluminum alloy melt into casting mold, through cooled and solidified, level processing after obtained predetermined shape, ruler
The technical process of very little and performance aluminium casting.Casting has high production efficiency, remarkable advantage at low cost, is zero, current automobile
The production technology of part being widely used.The most common material of casting field is cast Al-Si alloy at present, as A356, ADC10,
ADC12 etc..Although cast Al-Si alloy has preferable casting fluidity and machining property, currently used casting aluminium
The still generally existing low strength of silicon alloy, the problem that plasticity is poor and fracture toughness is insufficient, as A356 cast Al-Si alloy exists
Tensile strength under T6 condition of heat treatment is usually less than 280MPa, and yield strength is lower than 240MPa, and elongation is lower than 7%, intensity
The requirement of most of automobile stress members is all unable to satisfy with plasticity.
Therefore, existing cast Al-Si alloy and preparation method still have much room for improvement and develop.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to there are problem and shortage, provide a kind of to have high-intensitive, high-ductility and excellent for above-mentioned
Different high-toughness casting alusil alloy of fracture toughness and corrosion resistance and its preparation method and application.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
High-toughness casting alusil alloy of the present invention, its main feature is that: the alusil alloy is by following mass percent
At being grouped as: Si 7~8%, Mg 0.4~0.5%, Fe 0.1~0.2%, Ti 0.1~0.2%, Sr 0.01~0.02%,
La 0.03~0.06%, Ce 0.02~0.04%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element.
Preferably, the alusil alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7.7%, Mg 0.42%, Fe
0.12%, Ti 0.16%, Sr 0.018%, La 0.036%, Ce 0.024%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity member
Element.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the La and Ce is 3:2, and less than 0.05%, total amount is less than the single content of impurity element
0.15%.
The preparation method of high-toughness casting alusil alloy of the present invention, its main feature is that successively the following steps are included:
Step 1: by the high-toughness casting alusil alloy at being grouped as and mass percent, select silicon source, silicon source,
Magnesium source, titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are that raw material carry out ingredient；
Step 2: silicon source is melted in 760~780 DEG C of heating, silicon source and magnesium source are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium conjunction
Golden liquid；
Step 3: titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are added in aluminum alloy melt carries out fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: being removed using high purity inert gas and sodium-free refining agent to aluminum alloy melt spray refining 10~20 minutes
Gas removal of impurities processing, stands 20~40 minutes again after then skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 680~720 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470~480 DEG C keeps the temperature 2~3 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 545
~550 DEG C of heat preservations progress solution treatment in 5~6 hours, is then placed in 60~80 DEG C of water and is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150~160 DEG C keeps the temperature 1~2 hour, then proceed to be warming up to 185
3~5 hours progress ageing treatments of~190 DEG C of heat preservations, obtain high-toughness casting alusil alloy after furnace cooling.
Further, source of aluminium is the aluminium ingot of aluminium content 99.7%, and magnesium source is the magnesium ingot of content of magnesium 99.95%, silicon source
For AlSi20 alloy, titanium source is AlTi10 alloy, and barium source is AlSr10 alloy, and lanthanum source is AlLa5 alloy, and cerium source is AlCe5 conjunction
Gold.
Further, the high purity inert gas is the nitrogen or argon gas of purity >=99.9%.Preferably, described high-purity lazy
Property gas be purity >=99.99% nitrogen.
Further, the sodium-free refining agent refers to without NaCl, NaF, Na2CO3The refining agent of equal sodium salts, no sodium refining
The dosage of agent is the 0.3~0.5% of raw material total weight.
Application of the high-toughness casting alusil alloy of the present invention in auto parts and components.Preferably, zero, the automobile
Part includes knuckle, bladder support arm, brake caliper, damping tower, mounting bracket, control arm, engine cylinder body and cylinder cap.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantage that
(1) optimize Si, Mg main alloying element at being grouped as, so that cast Al-Si alloy is obtained to be achieved strong
Degree, plasticity and casting fluidity.(2) it introduces trace Ti element and refines α-Al crystal grain, improve the structural constituent of cast Al-Si alloy
Uniformity improves casting fluidity, intensity and the plasticity of cast Al-Si alloy.(3) introduce micro Sr element to common reciever into
Row fine degenerate makes elongated gill shape common reciever be changed into the graininess and corynebacterium of fine uniform, and Dispersed precipitate exists
On α-Al matrix, harm of the gill shape common reciever to cast Al-Si alloy plasticity and toughness is eliminated, cast Al-Si alloy is improved
Plasticity and toughness.(4) it introduces micro La and Ce element and fine degenerate is carried out to gill shape β-Fe Fe-riched phase, by optimizing lanthanum cerium
Proportion, so that gill shape β-Fe Fe-riched phase is changed into the graininess and corynebacterium of fine uniform, and Dispersed precipitate is in α-Al matrix
On, harm of the acicular beta-Fe Fe-riched phase to cast Al-Si alloy intensity, plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance energy is eliminated, is significantly improved
The intensity of cast Al-Si alloy, plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance energy.(5) using double_stage guide and two-stage time effect process to casting
Alusil alloy is heat-treated, and under the premise of not reducing intensity, further increases the plasticity and toughness of cast Al-Si alloy.
To sum up, the present invention introduces trace Ti, Sr, La and Ce on the basis of optimization Si, Mg main alloying element is at being grouped as
Element carries out fine degenerate to α-Al crystal grain, gill shape common reciever and β-Fe Fe-riched phase, passes through Scientific Regulation these elements
Content, makes its mutual cooperation, and cast Al-Si alloy is finally made to have high-intensitive, high-ductility and excellent fracture toughness and corrosion-resistant
Performance, tensile strength >=320MPa of cast Al-Si alloy, yield strength >=290MPa, elongation after fracture >=10%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope organization chart of 1 cast Al-Si alloy of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the optical microscopy organization chart of 1 cast Al-Si alloy of embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope organization chart of 1 cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example.
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope organization chart of 2 cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example.
Fig. 5 is the optical microscopy organization chart of 3 cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and effect clearer, clear and definite, as follows in conjunction with drawings and embodiments and
Invention is further described in detail for comparative example.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
High-toughness casting alusil alloy provided by the invention, by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7~8%,
Mg 0.4~0.5%, Fe 0.1~0.2%, Ti 0.1~0.2%, Sr 0.01~0.02%, La 0.03~0.06%, Ce
0.02~0.04%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element.
Preferably, the high-toughness casting alusil alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7.7%, Mg
0.42%, Fe 0.12%, Ti 0.16%, Sr 0.018%, La 0.036%, Ce 0.024%, remaining is Al and can not keep away
The impurity element exempted from.
Preferably, the high-toughness casting alusil alloy at being grouped as in, the mass ratio of La and Ce is 3:2, impurity member
Plain single content is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%.
The high-toughness casting alusil alloy is described as follows at the effect and content that are grouped as:
Si is the essential element of cast Al-Si alloy, firstly, Si and Al can form Al+Si and be total in alloy graining process
Brilliant liquid phase improves the casting fluidity of alusil alloy.Secondly, Si and Mg can form Mg2Si hardening constituent enhances cast Al-Si alloy
Intensity.In addition, graininess or staple fiber shape Dispersed precipitate that the simple substance for working as surplus is in fine uniform are on α-Al matrix, moreover it is possible to
Improve the intensity and machining property of alusil alloy.Si content is higher, and intensity, casting fluidity and the machinery of alusil alloy add
Work performance is also better, but plasticity and toughness can be gradually reduced.Inventor has found that Si content is lower than 7% by lot of experiments
When, 320MPa is not achieved in the tensile strength of alusil alloy, and when Si content is more than 8%, the elongation of alusil alloy is difficult to reach again
To 10% or more.Therefore, in order to ensure alusil alloy obtains preferable comprehensive performance, Si content is selected 7~8%, it is preferred that
Si content is 7.7%.
Mg can form Mg with Si in cast Al-Si alloy2Si hardening constituent enhances the intensity of alusil alloy.Mg content is got over
The intensity of height, alusil alloy is also higher, but Mg content is too high can also plasticity be caused to decline.Inventor is sent out by lot of experiments
Existing, Mg content is lower than 0.4%, and 320MPa is not achieved in the intensity of alusil alloy, and Mg content is more than 0.5%, the elongation of alusil alloy
Rate is extremely difficult to 10% or more.Therefore, in order to guarantee the intensity and plasticity of cast Al-Si alloy, the selection of Mg content 0.4~
0.5%, it is preferred that Mg content is 4.2%.
Effect of the trace Ti element in cast Al-Si alloy mainly refines α-Al crystal grain, improves the tissue of alusil alloy
Homogeneity of ingredients improves casting fluidity, intensity and the plasticity of alusil alloy.The solidified structure of usual alusil alloy is coarse
Dendrite, this coarse dendrite can not only hinder the flowing feeding of eutectic liquid phase in process of setting, lead to cast-internal
Shrinkage cavity and loose is generated, so that ingredient is generated macro microsegregation, reduce the intensity and plasticity of alusil alloy.Inventor passes through big
Amount experimental studies have found that, Ti content is unobvious less than the thinning effect of 0.1%, α-Al crystal grain, cannot be completely eliminated α-Al branch
Brilliant generation.Ti content is higher, and grain refining effect is better, but when Ti content is more than 0.2%, and will lead to coarse TiAl3Phase
The appearance of intermetallic compound, to deteriorate the intensity and plasticity of alusil alloy.Therefore, the selection of Ti content is 0.1~0.2%,
Preferably, Ti content is 0.16%.
Main function of the micro Sr element in cast Al-Si alloy is fine degenerate common reciever.In cast Al-Si alloy
Si in addition to Mg formed Mg2Outside Si hardening constituent, a large amount of common reciever is usually all in elongated faller gill in alusil alloy
Shape is present in α-Al aluminium base, and it is to lead to tradition that this elongated gill shape common reciever, which can seriously isolate alusil alloy matrix,
Cast Al-Si alloy intensity and the lower one of the major reasons of plasticity.Inventor is had found by lot of experiments, adds 0.01
~0.02% Sr element can have good fine degenerate effect to the common reciever of cast Al-Si alloy of the present invention, can eutectic
The form of Si is completely transformed into the graininess and corynebacterium of fine uniform from elongated gill shape, and Dispersed precipitate is in α-Al base
Body significantly improves the intensity and plasticity of alusil alloy.Sr content less than 0.01%, can not fine degenerate common reciever completely, and
Sr content be greater than 0.02%, and easily cause alusil alloy also air-breathing and make cast Al-Si alloy generate stomata, it is loose the problems such as.
Therefore, the selection of Sr content is 0.01~0.02%, it is preferred that Sr content is 0.018%.
Main function of the Fe in cast Al-Si alloy is to improve sticking to mould tendency, is conducive to the demoulding of aluminium-silicon alloy casting.
Fe is inevitable impurity element in aluminium ingot, and 0.1~0.2% Fe is usually contained in the aluminium ingot that aluminium content is 99.7%.?
In alusil alloy, Fe element is usually present in alusil alloy in the form of elongated shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase, such as FeAl3、
FeSiAl3Deng this elongated shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase can seriously isolate alusil alloy matrix, and it is disconnected to become alusil alloy stress
The formation of crack and direction of crack propagation split is to lead to the main reason for traditional alusil alloy intensity is low, plasticity is poor.Inventor passes through
0.03~0.06% La, 0.02~0.04% Ce are added in lot of experiments discovery in cast Al-Si alloy of the present invention,
And the mass ratio of La and Ce be 3:2 when, by the reciprocation of La and Ce, the growth side of shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase can be hindered
To making the graininess and corynebacterium of the Morphological Transitions fine uniform of shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase, and Dispersed precipitate is in α-Al base
Body can completely eliminate harm of the β-Fe Fe-riched phase to alusil alloy intensity and plasticity, greatly improve alusil alloy intensity and
Plasticity.Mass ratio of the La content lower than 0.03% or Ce lower than 0.02% or La and Ce is not 3:2, can not all be refined completely
Rotten shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase.Therefore, the selection of La content in the selection of 0.03~0.06%, Ce content 0.02~0.04%,
And the mass ratio of La and Ce is 3:2, it is preferred that La content is that 0.036%, Ce content is 0.024%.
The elements such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Be, Ni, Sn, Pb are aluminium ingot, impurity element common in magnesium ingot, pass through raw material aluminium ingot
It can be introduced into alusil alloy with magnesium ingot, these impurity elements are in alusil alloy between hard crisp or low melting point metal easy to form
Compound can equally become the formation of crack and direction of crack propagation of alusil alloy forced breakage, to deteriorate the strong of alusil alloy
Degree and plasticity, Cu element can also reduce the corrosion resistance of alusil alloy, and Be and Pb are still harmful to human body and environment
Element, therefore, these impurity elements must be controlled strictly.The present invention passes through the aluminium ingot for selecting purity 99.7%, purity
99.95% magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy and AlRE10 alloy are raw material, by Cu,
The single content of the impurity elements such as Zn, Mn, Be, Ni, Sn, Pb, less than 0.15%, eliminates these impurity member less than 0.05%, total amount
Harm of the element to cast Al-Si alloy intensity and plasticity.
The preparation method of high-toughness casting alusil alloy provided by the invention, successively the following steps are included:
Step 1: by the high-toughness casting alusil alloy at being grouped as and mass percent, select silicon source, silicon source,
Magnesium source, titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are that raw material carry out ingredient；
Source of aluminium is the aluminium ingot of aluminium content 99.7%, and magnesium source is the magnesium ingot of content of magnesium 99.95%, and silicon source is AlSi20 conjunction
Gold, titanium source are AlTi10 alloy, and barium source is AlSr10 alloy, and lanthanum source is AlLa5 alloy, and cerium source is AlCe5 alloy；
Step 2: silicon source is melted in 760~780 DEG C of heating, silicon source and magnesium source are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium conjunction
Golden liquid；
Step 3: titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are added in aluminum alloy melt carries out fine degenerate processing；
It is lived together step 4: carrying out degasification to aluminum alloy melt spray refining using high purity inert gas and sodium-free refining agent and removing
Reason；
The high purity inert gas is the nitrogen or argon gas of purity >=99.9%, the preferably nitrogen of purity >=99.99%；
The sodium-free refining agent refers to without NaCl, NaF, Na2CO3The refining agent of equal sodium salts, the dosage of sodium-free refining agent are that raw material are total
The 0.3~0.5% of weight.The time of the spray refining is 10~20 minutes, removes and lives together to aluminum alloy melt spray refining degasification
After reason, 20~40 minutes are stood after then skimming again；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 680~720 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470~480 DEG C keeps the temperature 2~3 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 545
~550 DEG C of heat preservations progress solution treatment in 5~6 hours；
The quenching medium of the cast Al-Si alloy solution treatment is 60~80 DEG C of water；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150~160 DEG C keeps the temperature 1~2 hour, then proceed to be warming up to 185
3~5 hours progress ageing treatments of~190 DEG C of heat preservations, obtain high-toughness casting alusil alloy after furnace cooling.
The solid-solution and aging heat treatment technique of cast Al-Si alloy will have a direct impact on Mg2The form of Si hardening constituent, size and
Distribution, and eventually affect the intensity and plasticity of cast Al-Si alloy.The prior art generallys use T6 heat treatment process to casting
Alusil alloy is heat-treated, i.e. solid solution+timeliness single-stage peak value aging technique, although this single-stage solid solution aging technique can be with
So that cast Al-Si alloy is obtained highest intensity, but can also sacrifice the plasticity of cast Al-Si alloy.Inventor casts the present invention
The heat treatment process of alusil alloy is found after carrying out system research, using double_stage guide+two-stage time effect heat treatment process, i.e., will
Cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470~480 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2~3 hours, and it is small to then proceed to be warming up to 545~550 DEG C of heat preservations 5~6
Shi Jinhang solution treatment, then cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150~160 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1~2 hour, it then proceedes to be warming up to
185~190 DEG C of heat preservations, 3~5 hours progress ageing treatments, cast Al-Si alloy can both obtain final required intensity, together
When there is excellent plasticity again.If do not use double_stage guide+two-stage time effect heat treatment process or aging temp, timeliness
Between not in above-mentioned matching range, cast Al-Si alloy can not all obtain desired intensity and plasticity.
Embodiment 1:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7.7%, Mg 0.42%, Fe 0.12%,
Ti 0.16%, Sr 0.018%, La 0.036%, Ce 0.024%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element, impurity
The single content of element is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and the AlCe5 alloy of content 99.95% are former material
Material carries out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 770 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
It is carried out step 3: AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and AlCe5 alloy are added in aluminum alloy melt
Fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.4% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 15 minutes, stands 30 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 700 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 475 DEG C keeps the temperature 2.5 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 548 DEG C of heat preservations
Progress solution treatment in 5.5 hours, the water that finally taking-up is put into 70 DEG C are quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 155 DEG C keeps the temperature 1.5 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 187 DEG C of heat preservations
3.5 hours progress ageing treatments, obtain the cast Al-Si alloy after furnace cooling.
Embodiment 2:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7%, Mg 0.5%, Fe 0.1%, Ti
0.2%, Sr 0.01%, La 0.06%, Ce 0.04%, remaining is that Al and inevitable impurity element, impurity element are single
Content is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and the AlCe5 alloy of content 99.95% are former material
Material carries out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 780 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
It is carried out step 3: AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and AlCe5 alloy are added in aluminum alloy melt
Fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.3% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 20 minutes, stands 20 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 720 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 480 DEG C keeps the temperature 2 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 550 DEG C of heat preservations 5
Hour carries out solution treatment, and the water that finally taking-up is put into 80 DEG C is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150 DEG C keeps the temperature 2 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 190 DEG C of heat preservations 3
Hour carries out ageing treatment, and the cast Al-Si alloy is obtained after furnace cooling.
Embodiment 3:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 8%, Mg 0.4%, Fe 0.2%, Ti
0.1%, Sr 0.02%, La 0.03%, Ce 0.02%, remaining is that Al and inevitable impurity element, impurity element are single
Content is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and the AlCe5 alloy of content 99.95% are former material
Material carries out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 760 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
It is carried out step 3: AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and AlCe5 alloy are added in aluminum alloy melt
Fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.5% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 10 minutes, stands 40 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 680 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470 DEG C keeps the temperature 3 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 545 DEG C of heat preservations 6
Hour carries out solution treatment, and the water that finally taking-up is put into 60 DEG C is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 160 DEG C keeps the temperature 1 hour, then proceed to be warming up to 185 DEG C of heat preservations 5
Hour carries out ageing treatment, and the cast Al-Si alloy is obtained after furnace cooling.
Comparative example 1:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7.7%, Mg 0.42%, Fe 0.12%,
Ti 0.16%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element, and less than 0.05%, total amount is less than the single content of impurity element
0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, the AlTi10 alloy of content 99.95% are that raw material carry out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 770 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
Step 3: AlTi10 alloy is added in aluminum alloy melt carries out fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.4% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 15 minutes, stands 30 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 700 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 475 DEG C keeps the temperature 2.5 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 548 DEG C of heat preservations
Progress solution treatment in 5.5 hours, the water that finally taking-up is put into 70 DEG C are quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 155 DEG C keeps the temperature 1.5 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 187 DEG C of heat preservations
3.5 hours progress ageing treatments, obtain the cast Al-Si alloy after furnace cooling.
Comparative example 2:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 7%, Mg 0.5%, Fe 0.1%, Ti
0.2%, Sr 0.005%, La 0.06%, Ce 0.04%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element, impurity element list
A content is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and the AlCe5 alloy of content 99.95% are former material
Material carries out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 780 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
It is carried out step 3: AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and AlCe5 alloy are added in aluminum alloy melt
Fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.3% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 20 minutes, stands 20 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 720 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 480 DEG C keeps the temperature 2 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 550 DEG C of heat preservations 5
Hour carries out solution treatment, and the water that finally taking-up is put into 80 DEG C is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150 DEG C keeps the temperature 2 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 190 DEG C of heat preservations 3
Hour carries out ageing treatment, and the cast Al-Si alloy is obtained after furnace cooling.
Comparative example 3:
Cast Al-Si alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as: Si 8%, Mg 0.4%, Fe 0.2%, Ti
0.06%, Sr 0.02%, La 0.03%, Ce 0.02%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element, impurity element list
A content is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%；Preparation method successively includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting aluminium ingot, the magnesium of aluminium content 99.7% at being grouped as and mass percent by cast Al-Si alloy
Magnesium ingot, AlSi20 alloy, AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and the AlCe5 alloy of content 99.95% are former material
Material carries out ingredient；
Step 2: aluminium ingot is melted in 760 DEG C of heating, magnesium ingot and AlSi20 alloy are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium
Aluminium alloy；
It is carried out step 3: AlTi10 alloy, AlSr10 alloy, AlLa5 alloy and AlCe5 alloy are added in aluminum alloy melt
Fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: using purity 99.99% nitrogen and account for the sodium-free refining agent of raw material total weight 0.5% to aluminium alloy
Liquid spray refining progress degasification removal of impurities processing in 10 minutes, stands 40 minutes again after skimming；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 680 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470 DEG C keeps the temperature 3 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 545 DEG C of heat preservations 6
Hour carries out solution treatment, and the water that finally taking-up is put into 60 DEG C is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 160 DEG C keeps the temperature 1 hour, then proceed to be warming up to 185 DEG C of heat preservations 5
Hour carries out ageing treatment, and the cast Al-Si alloy is obtained after furnace cooling.
By National Standard of the People's Republic of China GMN/T16865-2013, by above-described embodiment 1~3 and comparative example 1~3
Cast Al-Si alloy be processed into standard tensile specimen, and on DNS500 type electronic tensile test machine carry out room temperature tensile mechanics
Performance, rate of extension are 2 mm/mins, and test result is as shown in table 1.
It is sampled on cast Al-Si alloy prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example 1~3, sample is ground, polished and corroded
Afterwards, microscopic structure is observed on Nano SEM430 field emission scanning electron microscope, in 1500 type metallography microscope of LICA-DCT
Structure observation is carried out under mirror.Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope organization chart of 1 cast Al-Si alloy of embodiment, and Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 casts aluminium
The optical microscopy organization chart of silicon alloy.Embodiment 1 be added to Ti, La, Ce and Sr element to α-Al crystal grain, β-Fe Fe-riched phase and
Common reciever carries out fine degenerate processing, from fig 1, it is seen that β-Fe Fe-riched phase and common reciever are in the graininess of fine uniform
Or corynebacterium Dispersed precipitate is on α-Al matrix, from Fig. 2 it can be seen that, α-Al crystal grain in fine uniform etc. shaft-like.Fig. 3 is comparison
The scanning electron microscope organization chart of 1 cast Al-Si alloy of example.Comparative example 1 carries out at fine degenerate due to being not added with La, Ce and Sr element
Reason, from Fig. 3 it can be seen that elongated shape sheet β-Fe Fe-riched phase and common reciever.Fig. 4 is the scanning of 2 cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example
Electronic Speculum organization chart.Comparative example 2 since the Sr constituent content of addition is lower than 0.01%, can not fine degenerate common reciever completely, from
Fig. 4 can be seen, and part common reciever is still in needle-shaped or big particle shape.Fig. 5 is the optical microphotograph of 3 cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example
Mirror organization chart.Comparative example 3 can not refine α-Al crystal grain since the Ti constituent content of addition is lower than 0.1% completely, can from Fig. 5
It arrives, α-Al crystal grain exists in coarse dendritic morphology.
The tough implementations of cast Al-Si alloy are detected using impact ductility test method, impact flexibility is that characterization material exists
The ability of resistance to deformation and fracture under impact loading is to reflect material to the resistivity of external impact load.By standard
HB 5144-1980 " metal room temperature impact ductility test method ", by the cast Al-Si alloy of Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~3
It is processed into standard sample, room temperature impact test is carried out on PYM-100 type shock machine, testing result is as shown in table 1.
The tensile mechanical properties and impact flexibility of 1~3 cast Al-Si alloy of 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and comparative example
From table 1, it can be seen that, the tensile strength of the cast Al-Si alloy of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than 320MPa, and yield strength is greater than
290MPa, elongation after fracture are greater than 10%, and notched bar impact strength is greater than 25Jcm2, it is strong to illustrate that cast Al-Si alloy of the present invention has
The toughness that degree is high, plasticity is good and excellent.From table 1 it can also be seen that comparative example 1 is refined due to being not added with La, Ce and Sr element
Rotten, since the Sr constituent content of addition is lower than 0.01%, comparative example 3 is lower than comparative example 2 due to the Ti constituent content of addition
0.1%, cause the tensile strength of the cast Al-Si alloy of comparative example 1~3 lower than 300MPa, yield strength is lower than 270MPa, breaks
Elongation is lower than 8% afterwards, and notched bar impact strength is lower than 20Jcm2.By comparison it can be found that the present invention passes through optimization Si, Mg master
The content of alloying element Ti, Sr, La and Ce element fine degenerate α-Al crystal grain, common reciever and the β-Fe richness iron micro with addition
Phase is remarkably improved the intensity, plasticity and toughness of cast Al-Si alloy.
High-toughness casting alusil alloy of the present invention is mainly for the preparation of auto parts and components.Specifically for making
Knuckle, bladder support arm, brake caliper, damping tower, mounting bracket, the control arm, engine cylinder body of standby auto parts and components
With cylinder cap etc..
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high-toughness casting alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the alusil alloy is by following mass percent at being grouped as:
Si 7~8%, Mg 0.4~0.5%, Fe 0.1~0.2%, Ti 0.1~0.2%, Sr 0.01~0.02%, La 0.03~
0.06%, Ce 0.02~0.04%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element.
2. high-toughness casting alusil alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the alusil alloy is by following quality
Percentage at being grouped as: Si 7.7%, Mg 0.42%, Fe 0.12%, Ti 0.16%, Sr 0.018%, La
0.036%, Ce 0.024%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity element.
3. high-toughness casting alusil alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mass ratio of the La and Ce is 3:
2, the single content of impurity element is less than 0.05%, and total amount is less than 0.15%.
4. a kind of preparation method of the high-toughness casting alusil alloy as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that according to
It is secondary the following steps are included:
Step 1: by the high-toughness casting alusil alloy at being grouped as and mass percent, select silicon source, silicon source, magnesium source,
Titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are that raw material carry out ingredient；
Step 2: silicon source is melted in 760~780 DEG C of heating, silicon source and magnesium source are then added, stirring is fused into aluminium alloy
Liquid；
Step 3: titanium source, barium source, lanthanum source and cerium source are added in aluminum alloy melt carries out fine degenerate processing；
Step 4: being removed using high purity inert gas and sodium-free refining agent to aluminum alloy melt spray refining progress degasification in 10~20 minutes
Reason is lived together, stands 20~40 minutes after then skimming again；
Step 5: by aluminum alloy melt under the conditions of 680~720 DEG C cast form alusil alloy；
Step 6: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 470~480 DEG C keeps the temperature 2~3 hours, then proceed to be warming up to 545~
550 DEG C of heat preservations progress solution treatment in 5~6 hours, is then placed in 60~80 DEG C of water and is quenched；
Step 7: cast Al-Si alloy is first heated to 150~160 DEG C keeps the temperature 1~2 hour, then proceed to be warming up to 185~
190 DEG C of heat preservations, 3~5 hours progress ageing treatments, obtain high-toughness casting alusil alloy after furnace cooling.
5. the preparation method of high-toughness casting alusil alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: source of aluminium contains for aluminium
The aluminium ingot of amount 99.7%, magnesium source are the magnesium ingot of content of magnesium 99.95%, and silicon source is AlSi20 alloy, and titanium source is AlTi10 alloy, strontium
Source is AlSr10 alloy, and lanthanum source is AlLa5 alloy, and cerium source is AlCe5 alloy.
6. the preparation method of high-toughness casting alusil alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: high-purity indifferent gas
Body is the nitrogen or argon gas of purity >=99.9%.
7. the preparation method of high-toughness casting alusil alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the sodium-free refining agent
Refer to without NaCl, NaF, Na2CO3The refining agent of sodium salt, the dosage of sodium-free refining agent be raw material total weight 0.3~
0.5%.
8. application of the high-toughness casting alusil alloy in auto parts and components as described in any one of claim 1-3.
9. application according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the auto parts and components include knuckle, bladder support arm,
Brake caliper, damping tower, mounting bracket, control arm, engine cylinder body and cylinder cap.
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