CN1851010A - Aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent, and its preparing method - Google Patents
Aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent, and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the thinning reagent having the aluminum, the boron and the lanthanide of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy, it belongs to the domain of the applied technique of the aluminum alloy. The said thinning reagent factors include the aluminum, the boron, the titanium and the lanthanide (mainly includes the lanthanum and the Ce), the said producing process is showed as follows: the pure aluminum ingot, the alloy ingot having the aluminum and the lanthanide, the potassium hexafluorotitanate and the potassium borofluoride are prepared according to the thinning reagent element confecting in advance; the aluminum ingot and the aluminum lanthanide ingot are heated and melted in the intermediate frequency inducing stove, then several material are added; the fusing body acts with the high temperature; the temperature keeps even and the dregs is removed after the action; then the fusing body is irrigated to the ingot or connecting cast and rolled to the line material. According to the said process condition, the high pure aluminum can be removed the pole crystal, the size of the crystal grain of the industry pure aluminum and all series of distortional aluminum alloy can be divided to under the 100um, the casting form crystal grain core can be reduced to under 2um firmly to all sorts of the aluminum used in the foil material; the size of the crystal grain of the alloy of the aluminum and the silicon can be reduced to under 150-200um. At the same time, the intension, the molding ability and the tenacity of the industry pure aluminum and all sorts of the aluminum alloy can be improved highly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent of a kind of aluminium and aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of aluminum alloy application.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is owing to light weight, and cost performance is good, and good combination property has obtained using widely in fields such as machinery, automobile, aviation and war industrys.Obtain to have the aluminium alloy of excellent comprehensive performance, crystal grain thinning is one of most important means.YIELD STRENGTH reduces with grain fineness number and increases.In addition, tiny equiaxed grain structure can improve the toughness of material, guarantees cast form performance, surface smoothness that it is good, and excellent processing characteristics.Therefore, tiny and uniform equiaxed grain structure is the ideal as-cast structure.Obtain this tissue, can realize by the means that improve condensate depression, vibration, stirring and interpolation fining agent.Preceding several method is all being limited in varying degrees, adds fining agent at present and remain the simplest, effective means in molten aluminium.
In decades, the Al-Ti-B master alloy is a widely used fining agent in the aluminium industry always.Though this fining agent has thinning effect preferably, its inner TiB
2The intoxicating phenomenon of elements such as gathering, precipitation and Cr, Zr make thinning effect decline even disappear.Occurred Al-Ti-B master alloy pole stock afterwards, taked mode, and entered melt very soon and produce refining effect with the stream adding.At present, relatively the product of approval is mainly produced by the LSM company of Britain, the KBM company of Holland, the mechanisms of a few family such as KBA company of the U.S. in the world, can obtain the ideal thinning effect.Since the eighties, associating scientific research institution of a lot of aluminium manufacturer of China has developed the Al-Ti-B fining agent product of oneself, but thinning effect is unsatisfactory, mainly is because the problems such as second phase morphology, size and distribution that generate in its chemical ingredients and the microtexture cause.So the aluminium alloy fining agent of present domestic application is in the majority with import, costs an arm and a leg.
Development along with China's Aluminum, especially the development aspect the deep processing of aluminium, the production of products such as for example high-quality aluminium sheet, aluminium foil, tissue to basic aluminium base requires more and more higher, can obtain tiny and uniform crystal grain be a key factor that obtain high-quality aluminium converted products, and the aluminium grain fining agent has become an indispensable part in the aluminium industry development.China's aluminium section bar consumption increases rapidly over nearly 20 years, and consumption reached 5,000,000 tons in 2002, and wherein aluminium section bar is about 3,000,000 tons.Calculate by 0.15% if be used for the Al-Ti-B add-on of refinement aluminium and aluminium alloy, annual requirement is at the 6000-7000 ton.The Al-Ti-B master alloy of domestic production at present, because its over-all properties is poor, grain-refining agent mainly relies on import in aluminium deep processing industry.Therefore, along with the development of China's aluminium processing industry, the demand of high-quality Al-Ti-B grain-refining agent will be more and more higher, and research and development good comprehensive properties fining agent and substituting import one have gradually become the active demand of China's fining agent market development.We have studied the influence of RE element on the basis of successfully developing high-quality Al-Ti-B master alloy, developed the Al-Ti-B-RE fining agent.
Summary of the invention
At the unfavorable situation of intoxicating phenomenon, thinning effect that existing fining agent exists, the present invention by the villiaumite reaction method prepare the Al-Ti-B-RE fining agent, by design alloying constituent and reaction process parameter, make forming core phase TiB in the fining agent tissue
2The even discrete distribution of particle, the fining agent composition requires to be the about 5%wt of Ti content, the about 1%wt of B content; Second phase: TiAl in the fining agent
3＜75 μ m, TiB
2＜3 μ m, and even dispersion distribution do not have tangible TiB
2Reunite.
By the present invention, the microtexture of fining agent pole stock is seen shown in Figure 1, and among the figure, bigger block is TiAl
3, being distributed in its small-particle on every side is TiB
2TiAl in the product
3Particle size has difference, and is maximum between 40-50 μ m, little and TiB
2Mix and be difficult to differentiate.TiB
2Amounts of particles is more, distributes very evenly.Scanning electron microscope result (as Fig. 2) shows TiAl
3Become rule block, comparatively obvious edges and corners is arranged, size is substantially below 30 μ m.TiB
2Be evenly distributed on very much TiAl
3On every side, TiB
2Particle is six sides and strip and block, and size though amounts of particles is many, does not have agglomeration below 1 μ m.When content of rare earth not simultaneously, the microtexture of prepared fining agent is seen Fig. 3.In the Al-Ti-B fining agent, introduce RE, can generate the compound that constitutes by Al, Ti, RE, along with increasing of RE addition, TiAl
3Reduce gradually, until the compound that transforms Al, Ti, RE formation fully, continuing increases RE content, also can generate Al, Ti, the RE intermediate compound (as shown in Figure 4) of heterogeneity, structure.By adding the fining agent of the present invention's preparation, fine aluminium crystal grain is further refinement also, grain-size is below 100 μ m (as Fig. 5), and is more far better than industrial common thinning effect 200～250 μ m, do not distributed with more tiny state disperse by the complete clean inclusion of refining thereby make in the molten aluminium.Prolonged the action time (more than 10 hours) of fining agent simultaneously.
The a kind of of the present invention's proposition prepares aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent and is applied to aluminium and the composition of the fining agent of aluminum grain refinement by the villiaumite reaction method, it is characterized in that:
Owing to the generation of rare earth compound, be compared to other fining agent, such fining agent main component only need comprise aluminium Al, titanium Ti, boron, mishmetal RE (mainly containing lanthanum and cerium), does not need other additional constituent element to promote rare earth compound, TiB fully
2, TiAl
3Generation; The content of each composition is:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 80.00-96.00
Titanium Ti 3.00-10.00
Boron 1.00-5.00
Mishmetal RE 0.00-8.00
Fining agent in the above-mentioned composition, when being applied to different aluminium and aluminium alloy, its main component scope is slightly different.For example:
When being applied to commercial-purity aluminium and rafifinal, its main component scope can be:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-92.00
Titanium Ti 5.00-7.00
Boron 1.00-5.00
Mishmetal RE 0.00-2.00
Being applied to 1000 is during to 8000 line aluminium alloys, and its main component scope can be:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-96.00
Titanium Ti 3.00-6.00
Boron 1.00-5.00
Mishmetal RE 0.10-3.00
When being applied to hypoeutectic and cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy, its main component scope can be:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 80.00-91.00
Titanium Ti 5.00-10.00
Boron 1.00-5.00
Mishmetal RE 3.00-6.00
The method that employing villiaumite that the present invention proposes and high-temperature fusion aluminium liquid reaction method prepare aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent is characterized in that:
Fining agent component proportions by design in advance is ready to raw materials such as fine aluminium ingot, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate, Al-RE intermediate alloy ingot.At medium-frequency induction furnace internal heating fusing aluminium ingot and aluminium rare earth ingot, add potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate mixture down at 800-900 ℃; Carried out machinery or hand mixing every 5-10 minute, complete up to fusant reaction.After reaction finishes, after being incubated, leaving standstill, removing the gred, melt is gone to holding furnace, promptly begin casting ingot-forming then, being squeezed into silk or continuous casting and rolling, to become diameter be the wire rod of 9.5mm.
When carrying out thinning processing with this aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent, to commercial-purity aluminium, addition is generally 1.0-3.0 kilogram/ton; To rafifinal, addition is generally 5.0-10.0 kilogram/ton; To other distortion and cast aluminium alloy, addition is generally 1.0-2.0 kilogram/ton; Add temperature and be generally 720-760 ℃, be not less than 10 hours working lipe.
Under above-mentioned refinement condition, to rafifinal, can eliminate column crystal, to commercial-purity aluminium and various serial wrought aluminium alloy, grain-size can refine to below the 100 μ m, and to various foil aluminium, as cast condition crystal grain core can be stablized and is decreased to below the 2 μ m; To aluminum silicon alloy, grain-size can refine to below the 150-200 μ m.Simultaneously, the intensity of commercial-purity aluminium and all kinds of aluminium alloys, plasticity and toughness all are significantly improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure of Al5Ti1B fining agent of the present invention.Wherein the figure (a) and (b) are represented the position that fining agent is different respectively.
Fig. 2 is the scanning picture of Al-Ti-B fining agent of the present invention.Wherein the figure (a) and (b) are represented the position that fining agent is different respectively.
Fig. 3 is the microtexture of Al-Ti-B-RE fining agent of the present invention.Wherein figure (a) and (b), (c), (d) are respectively that RE content is 0,0.4%, 0.81%, 1.57%, 4.46% o'clock fining agent.
Fig. 4 is an Al-Ti-B-RE fining agent scanned photograph of the present invention.Wherein the figure (a) and (b) are respectively RE content 1.57% and 4.46% o'clock scanned photograph.
Fig. 5 is macrostructure's tissue contrast after the refinement of the present invention.Wherein figure (a) and (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) are respectively that RE content is 0,0.4%, 0.81%, 1.57%, 2.66%, the thinning microstructure of 4.46% o'clock fine aluminium.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment 1
When being applied to rafifinal, its main component is:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 91.5
Titanium Ti 6.5
Boron 1.0
Mishmetal RE 2.0
Embodiment 2
When being applied to commercial-purity aluminium, its main component is:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-92.00
Titanium Ti 5.0
Boron 1.0
Mishmetal RE 1.0
Embodiment 3
When being applied to 1100 above grade aluminium alloys, its main component is:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-92.00
Titanium Ti 3.0
Boron 1.0
Mishmetal RE 2.0
Embodiment 4
When being applied to hypoeutectic and cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy, its main component is:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 89.0
Titanium Ti 5.0
Boron 1.0
Mishmetal RE 3.0
Embodiment 5
With 99.98% rafifinal 2kg, be heated to 720 ℃ of melting and heat preservations, adding 10 gram compositions is the fining agent of Al-5.5%Ti-0.9B-2.5RE, and with melt insulation 30 minutes, in metal mold, melt cast become 30 millimeters of diameters, high 35 millimeters cylinder ingots then, in the sampling of place, the axial mid-way of sample, the tissue after the refinement such as Fig. 5 (a, b) shown in.
Embodiment 6
With 99.8% industrial rafifinal 2kg, be heated to 720 ℃ of melting and heat preservations, adding 4 gram compositions is the fining agent of Al-6.0%Ti-0.8B-2.5RE, and with melt insulation 30 minutes, in metal mold, melt cast become 30 millimeters of diameters, high 35 millimeters cylinder ingots then, in the place's sampling of the axial mid-way of sample, the tissue after the refinement is shown in Fig. 5 (e).
Embodiment 7
The industrializing implementation example of the grain refining of A356 alloy and highly malleablized:
1 ton of A356 alloy, the about 740-760 of melt Heating temperature ℃, fining agent add-on 1-2 kilogram, fining agent component and proportioning are:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 92.7
Titanium Ti 5.0
Boron 0.8
Mishmetal RE 1.5
Molten aluminium is incubated about 30 minutes after adding fining agent, and continuous casting and rolling becomes silk, and grain fineness number is of a size of 150～200 μ m; And the grain-size when not adding fining agent is 800～1000 μ m.
Claims (6)
1, aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent is characterized in that, when described fining agent was used for aluminium and aluminium alloy, it was made up of following composition scope:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 82.00-98.00,
Titanium Ti 1.00-6.00,
Boron 1.00-4.00,
Mishmetal RE 0.00-8.00.
2, according to the described aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described fining agent was applied to commercial-purity aluminium or rafifinal, it was made up of following composition range:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-92.00,
Titanium Ti 5.00-7.00,
Boron 1.00-5.0,
Mishmetal RE 0.00-2.00.
According to the described aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, it is during to 8000 line aluminium alloys that described fining agent is applied to 1000, it is made up of following composition range:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 86.00-96.00,
Titanium Ti 3.00-6.00,
Boron 1.00-5.00,
Mishmetal RE 0.10-3.00.
According to the described aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that 4, when described fining agent was applied to hypoeutectic and cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy, it was made up of following composition range:
Component content, weight %
Aluminium Al 80.00-91.00,
Titanium Ti 5.00-10.00,
Boron 1.00-5.00,
Mishmetal RE 3.00-6.00.
According to the described aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that 5, described mishmetal RE mainly contains lanthanum and cerium.
6, a kind of method for preparing aluminium-titanium-horon rare earth fining agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this method comprises following each step:
1. proportionately be grouped into and be equipped with raw material fine aluminium ingot, aluminium rare earth intermediate alloy ingot, potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate;
2. at medium-frequency induction furnace internal heating fusing aluminium ingot and aluminium rare earth ingot, add potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate, add insulating covering agent 5wt.%NaCl+5wt.%KCl at 800-900 ℃;
3. carried out machinery or hand mixing every 10-15 minute, aluminium liquid and fused salt are fully reacted;
4. preserving heat after reaction ends, leave standstill, remove the gred after, melt is gone to holding furnace, promptly begin casting ingot-forming then, being squeezed into silk or continuous casting and rolling, to become diameter be the wire rod of 9.5mm.
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