CN101876018A - High-strength casting aluminium-silicon alloy for piston and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength casting aluminium-silicon alloy for piston and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101876018A CN101876018A CN2009102438240A CN200910243824A CN101876018A CN 101876018 A CN101876018 A CN 101876018A CN 2009102438240 A CN2009102438240 A CN 2009102438240A CN 200910243824 A CN200910243824 A CN 200910243824A CN 101876018 A CN101876018 A CN 101876018A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a casting aluminium-silicon alloy for motor piston and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal materials. The aluminium-silicon alloy comprises 12.0-14.0 wt% of Si, less than 0.3 wt% of Ni, 1.8-3.0 wt% of Cu, 0.3-0.8 wt% of Fe, 0.3-0.6 wt% of Mn, less than 0.4 wt% of Mg, 0.1-0.2 wt% of Ti, less than 0.3 wt% of Zr and balance of Al. The heat treatment parameters are as follows: 510+/-5 DEG C*5-8h+water quenching under room temperature for solution treatment; and 160+/-5 DEG C*6-10h+air cooling for ageing treatment. The tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy under the room temperature reach 283-305MPa and 178-190MPa respectively and the elongtation percentage after breaking reaches 1.8-3.2%. Compared with similar alloys, the aluminium-silicon alloy of the invention has higher mechanical property, reduces Ni element content and noble metal element content of the alloy and allows Fe element to fluctuate in wider scope; the invention has good quality of ingot casting, simple process and strong operability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field, relate to a kind of engine piston cast Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof, particularly this alloy pairing melting and thermal treatment process in its composition range.
Background technology
Aluminium silicon is that casting alloy has good castibility, and wear resistance and thermal conductivity at high temperature can keep higher intensity and corrosion resisting property, and it is the common used material that alloy becomes preparation motor car engine piston that these performance characteristics make this.
At present, domestic gasoline/diesel engine piston production mainly is the cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy with material, and the trade mark commonly used has ZL108 and ZL109.In order further to improve the mechanical property of this type of material, satisfy the engine power and the motor vehicle emission requirement that improve constantly, people have carried out a lot of exploratory developments from composition design and preparation technology aspect.Specifically, the measure that improves cocrystallizing type cast Al-Si alloy mechanical property mainly contain following some:
1) add Ni by optimizing, V, Sc, Cr, Mo, rare elements such as Ta improve the kind of intermetallic compound and the distribution in matrix improves performance;
2) adopt the preparation technology of novel complexity to control the melt solidifying process, improve alloy microstructure to improve the matrix over-all properties.
On the composition basis of ZL109, improved Ni such as the disclosed alloy of CN1635173A, Cu content (Ni:1.7-3.0wt%; Cu:2.5-4.0wt%), the alloy room temperature strength of preparing with the gravity casting method reaches 264.14MPa; The disclosed alloy of CN100439533C on composition, reduced Fe content (<0.30wt%), preparation technology adopts the semicontinuous casting method, ingot casting is forged to handle with hot extrusion deformation make alloy strength reach 397MPa; Ni 1.0-1.4wt% in the disclosed alloying constituent of US5019178, Si 14-16wt%, the pressure casting method that preparation technology adopts GB2211207 to announce by the control to process of setting, makes G/R=100-1000 ℃ of s/cm
2(G wherein: melt liquid/liquid/solid interface place thermograde; R: solid state growth speed in the process of setting), simultaneously melt is carried out the rotten processing of Sr, and adopt the T6 thermal treatment process to make the final tensile strength of alloy reach 350-380MPa, hardness reaches BHN130-160; The disclosed alloying constituent of US4434014 is reduced to 0.25wt% with Fe, and Ni brings up to 2.5wt%, makes G/R=500-8000 ℃ of s/cm by control melt solidifying process
2, ingot casting tensile strength after T7 thermal treatment reaches 310MPa.
In addition, in order to improve the thermostability of this type of alloy, common practices is to improve Ni content in the alloy, and adds a certain amount of V, Sc, Cr, Mo, rare elements such as Ta.Added 1.04-2.49wt%Ni, 0.05-0.20wt%V in the alloy that representational patent has US5996471A to announce; The alloy that US4681736 announces has added 4.5-10.0wt%Ni; The alloy that US4975243 announces has added 3.0-7.0wt%Ni, 0.3wt%Sc, 0.3wt%V.
As can be seen, the content of noble element in above patent or the increase composition, or adopt special preparation technology to exchange the lifting of alloy property for.Though the increase of rare elements and preparation technology's the complicated alloy property that makes is improved to a certain extent in the alloy, but also caused the significantly increase of production cost, this situation has hindered popularization and the application of this type of alloy under the general industry working condition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve aluminium silicon is that the high-performance that casting alloy exists causes expensive contradiction, improves the mechanical property of alloy under the prerequisite that does not increase production cost.
A kind of piston cast Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof.The composition range of alloy is:
Si:12.0-14.0wt%; Ni:<0.3wt%; Cu:1.8-3.0wt%; Fe:0.3-0.8wt%; Mn:0.3-0.6wt%; Mg:<0.4wt%; Ti:0.1-0.2wt%; All the other are Al for Zr:<0.3wt%..
Purity>the 99.0wt% of Al element wherein, other elements all add with the form of master alloy, and used master alloy is as follows:
Al-37.0wt%Si;Al-10.0wt%Ni;Al-45.0wt%Cu;Al-6.0wt%Fe;Al-10.0wt%Mn;Al-10.0wt%Mg;Al-5.0wt%Ti;Al-4.0wt%Zr。
The preparation process of mentioned component cast Al-Si alloy is as follows:
1) preparation of melting apparatus and raw material and oven dry (bake out temperature is controlled at 200 ℃);
2) put into raw material by different level, low melting point low density raw material is placed on bottom, and high-melting-point high-density raw material is placed on the upper strata, it is as follows to lay order: Al-10.0wt%Mg, Al-37.0wt%Si, Al-10.0wt%Mn, Al-6.0wt%Fe, Al-10.0wt%Ni, Al-45.0wt%Cu;
3) smelting temperature is 800 ℃, when treating that alloy in the pasty state with bell jar with Al-5.0wt%Ti; Al-4.0wt%Zr is pressed into crucible bottom together, spreading flux on melt;
4) treat that alloy melts fully after, stir slagging-off and be pressed into the AlP alterant, at 800 ℃ of insulation 30-40min;
5) cool to 750-760 ℃, deslagging refining, with dry Ar gas (or hexachloroethane) refining 1-2 minute, the nozzle of logical Ar gas was pressed into about 1/3 place of crucible bottom;
6) leave standstill 10-15min, when dropping to 700-710 ℃ etc. furnace temperature the melt quick and stable pour in the metal die that is preheating to 165-175 ℃.
Aforesaid operations is done some explanation:
Used flux is the 50wt%NaCl+50wt%KCl powder, and granularity≤125 μ m are advisable, and add-on is controlled at the 3-5wt% of melt total amount;
Al-Ti, it is in order to reduce Ti, Zr melting loss of elements, raising element effective content in melt that the Al-Zr hysteresis adds;
Deterroration and soaking time are by determining that the add-on of P is controlled at the 0.08-0.1wt% of melt total mass in the AlP alterant incubation period that P goes bad in melt;
Low temperature waters the castability that can improve this alloy soon.
After cast finishes, the gained foundry goods is heat-treated, processing parameter is:
Solution treatment: 510 ± 5 ℃ * 5-8h+ room temperature shrend;
Ageing treatment: 160 ± 5 ℃ * 6-10h+ air cooling.
It is the preparation and the thermal treatment process of casting alloy and this alloy with aluminium silicon that the present invention develops a kind of novel high-strength engine piston.Adopt the casting of plain metal mould, by composition and the technology of optimizing this alloy, make its room temperature tensile strength and yield strength reach 283-305MPa and 173-190MPa respectively, elongation after fracture reaches 1.8-3.2%.Compared with prior art, its advantage is:
1) with alloy phase ratio of the same type, reduced the content of Ni element, reduced the content of noble element in the alloy;
2) the present invention has optimized Cu in the alloy, and the Fe constituent content under plain metal die cast technology, is brought up to 0.8wt% to Fe content alloy strength is remained on more than the 280MP;
3) the present invention has added micro-Zr element in alloying constituent, and crystal grain thinning is strengthened matrix, further improves structure stability;
4) do not need on the preparation technology to carry out other special operationals, ingot quality is good, and technology is simple, and is workable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo of application example alloy 3# of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of application example alloy 8# of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the back scattering photo of application example alloy 3# of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the back scattering photo of application example alloy 8# of the present invention
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are tissue topography's metallographs after the alloy heat treatment, can find out the sharp corners of having eliminated primary silicon after P goes bad, and particle obtains refinement, and average-size is below 15 μ m; Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys after heat treatment fuses and is the fine particle shape, and disperse is distributed in the matrix. First/Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys distribution of small and dispersed in matrix is to improve one of principal element of this alloy mechanical property in the alloy.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the back scattering photos of organizing after the alloy heat treatment, can find out that intermetallic compound separates out pattern in alloy substrate. Energy spectrum analysis finds, precipitated phase take rich Cu phase and rich Fe mutually as main. The rich Cu of a part forms in melt in the process of setting, is block distribution around rich Fe phase; Another part is to separate out in matrix after the heat treatment, and this class is separated out to tiny white point shape and is distributed in the matrix. Rich Fe exists with herring-bone form cluster form, and along with the increase of Fe content, rich Fe intermetallic compound cluster quantity increase can improve matrix yield strength at high temperature. The effect of separating out the generation dispersion-strengtherning of compound is put forward heavy alloyed mechanical property between this two metalloid.
Following table institute column data is to the present invention relates to alloy and ZL108 commonly used to several trade mark Birmasil room temperature tensile performance comparison commonly used of ZL203, ZL108-T alloy tensile property after the corresponding different heat treatment technology of ZL203-T. Contrasting this table enumerates data and can see that the example alloy is compared tensile strength with ZL108 and improved 13.2-60.5%; Compare tensile strength with ZL109 and improved 17.9-60.5%.
Strength character is higher after the alloy heat treatment, even has surpassed ZL200 series cast aluminium alloy capability commonly used, and casting character is good.
In general, the impurity element that Fe is considered in the Production of casting Al alloys is rejected, and its too high levels is difficult to reach corresponding trade mark regulation mechanical property with general casting method; Ni is considered to improve the beneficial element of alloy structure performance, usually this constituent content is remained on more than the 0.8wt% in the production; And the example alloy can obtain desirable combination property adopt common metal die cast and heat treatment in the composition range of the low high Fe of Ni after, is a kind of novel casting aluminum alloy with good practicality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: alloy smelting is grouped into by following one-tenth:
Si:12.5wt%; Ni:0.25wt%; Cu:2.5wt%; Fe:0.3wt%; Mn:0.5wt%; Mg:0.3wt%; Ti:0.15wt%; Zr:0.3wt%. all the other are Al.
Example alloy numbering: 3#.
The alloy preparation process is as follows: at crucible bottom spreading one deck flux, (purity>99.0wt%) and master alloy are put into crucible by different level, and the fusing point low density is little is placed on lower floor, and the fusing point high-density is big is placed on the upper strata with commercial-purity aluminium then; Furnace temperature is risen to 780 ℃, when insulation treats that raw material in the pasty state with bell jar with Al-Ti, the Al-Zr master alloy is pressed into crucible bottom, subsequently at bath surface spreading flux; After raw material melts fully, insert melt with clean Ti rod and stir the 3-5 circle gently, remove the bath surface slag; At twice AlP is pressed into the melt processing of going bad with bell jar, treats that it melts the back fully and takes out bell jar, is warming up to 800 ℃, insulation 30min; Then furnace temperature is dropped to 750-760 ℃, after the slagging-off dry Ar gas is fed the about 1/3 place refining of crucible bottom 1-2 minute; Leave standstill 15-20min, blow-on slagging-off when dropping to 700-710 ℃ etc. furnace temperature, with the melt quick and stable pour in the metal die that is preheating to 165-175 ℃.
Ingot casting is implemented following thermal treatment process:
Solution treatment: 510 ± 5 ℃ * 5-8h+ room temperature shrend;
Ageing treatment: 160 ± 5 ℃ * 6-10h+ air cooling.
The mechanical property of alloy: tensile strength 305MPa after the thermal treatment; Yield strength: 178MPa;
Unit elongation: 3.2%.
Embodiment 2: alloy smelting is grouped into by following one-tenth:
Si:13.5wt%; Ni:0.3wt%; Cu:3.0wt%; Fe:0.8wt%; Mn:0.6wt%; Mg:0.4wt%; Ti:0.10wt%; Zr:0.3wt%. all the other are Al.
Example alloy numbering: 8#.
The alloy preparation process is as follows: at crucible bottom spreading one deck flux, (purity>99.0wt%) and master alloy are put into crucible by different level, and the fusing point low density is little is placed on lower floor, and the fusing point high-density is big is placed on the upper strata with commercial-purity aluminium then; Furnace temperature is risen to 780 ℃, when insulation treats that raw material in the pasty state with bell jar with Al-Ti, the Al-Zr master alloy is pressed into crucible bottom, subsequently at bath surface spreading flux; After raw material melts fully, insert melt with clean Ti rod and stir the 3-5 circle gently, remove the bath surface slag; At twice AlP is pressed into the melt processing of going bad with bell jar, treats that it melts the back fully and takes out bell jar, is warming up to 800 ℃, insulation 30min; Then furnace temperature is dropped to 750-760 ℃, after the slagging-off dry Ar gas is fed the about 1/3 place refining of crucible bottom 1-2 minute; Leave standstill 15-20min, blow-on slagging-off when dropping to 700-710 ℃ etc. furnace temperature, with the melt quick and stable pour in the metal die that is preheating to 165-175 ℃.
Ingot casting is implemented following thermal treatment process:
Solution treatment: 510 ± 5 ℃ * 5-8h+ room temperature shrend;
Ageing treatment: 160 ± 5 ℃ * 6-10h+ air cooling.
The mechanical property of alloy: tensile strength 283MPa after the thermal treatment; Yield strength: 190MPa; Unit elongation: 1.8%.
Claims (2)
1. piston cast Al-Si alloy is characterized in that basic composition is:
Si:12.0-14.0wt%; Ni:<0.3wt%; Cu:1.8-3.0wt%; Fe:0.3-0.8wt%; Mn:0.3-0.6wt%; Mg:<0.4wt%; Ti:0.1-0.2wt%; Zr:<0.3wt%, all the other are Al.
2. piston cast Al-Si alloy preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that preparing purity>99.0wt% of the used metal element A l of alloy, other elements all add with the form of master alloy, and used master alloy composition proportion is as follows: Al-37.0wt%Si; Al-10.0wt%Ni; Al-45.0wt%Cu; Al-6.0wt%Fe; Al-10.0wt%Mn; Al-10.0wt%Mg; Al-5.0wt%Ti; Al-4.0wt%Zr, preparation process is as follows:
1) preparation of melting apparatus and raw material and oven dry, bake out temperature are controlled at 200 ℃;
2) put into raw material by different level, low melting point low density raw material is placed on bottom, and high-melting-point high-density raw material is placed on the upper strata, concrete order is as follows: Al-10.0wt%Mg, Al-37.0wt%Si, Al-10.0wt%Mn, Al-6.0wt%Fe, Al-10.0wt%Ni, Al-45.0wt%Cu;
3) smelting temperature is 800 ℃, Al-5.0wt%Ti and Al-4.0wt%Zr is pressed into crucible bottom together, spreading flux with bell jar when treating that added alloy in the pasty state;
4) treat that all alloys melt fully after, stir to remove slag and be pressed into the AlP alterant, at 800 ℃ of insulation 30-40min;
5) cool to 750-760 ℃, deslagging refining, with dry Ar gas or hexachloroethane refining 1-2 minute, the nozzle of logical Ar gas was pressed into crucible bottom 1/3 place;
6) leave standstill 10-15min, when dropping to 700-710 ℃ etc. furnace temperature the melt quick and stable pour in the metal die that is preheating to 165-175 ℃;
7) after cast finishes, the gained foundry goods is heat-treated, processing parameter is:
Solution treatment: 510 ± 5 ℃ * 5-8h+ room temperature shrend;
Ageing treatment: 160 ± 5 ℃ * 6-10h+ air cooling.
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CN103952577B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-05-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of the regeneration ZL108 aluminium alloy containing rare earth |
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CN108486431A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏科技大学 | Selective laser melting process Al-Si-Mg line aluminium alloys composition and molded part preparation method |
CN108486431B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2022-08-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Al-Si-Mg series aluminum alloy composition for selective laser melting technology and preparation method of formed part |
CN110484761A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-22 | 山西瑞格金属新材料有限公司 | A method of primary silicon in refinement and nodularization silumin |
CN110484761B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-06-15 | 山西瑞格金属新材料有限公司 | Method for refining and spheroidizing primary silicon in high-silicon aluminum alloy |
WO2023015578A1 (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-02-16 | 江苏大学 | Al-si-cu-fe-mn alloy and preparation method therefor |
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