CN1646157B - 多重性和多价性蛋内dna疫苗 - Google Patents
多重性和多价性蛋内dna疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1646157B CN1646157B CN038080001A CN03808000A CN1646157B CN 1646157 B CN1646157 B CN 1646157B CN 038080001 A CN038080001 A CN 038080001A CN 03808000 A CN03808000 A CN 03808000A CN 1646157 B CN1646157 B CN 1646157B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用在禽类蛋内以获得胚胎免疫性的多重性DNA疫苗和/或多价性DNA疫苗。该多重性DNA疫苗包含二个或二个以上的DNA构建物,各构建物含有一个编码禽类病毒蛋白或其片段的DNA分子,该病毒蛋白或其片段能诱导出抗禽类体内的禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。该多价性DNA疫苗包含一个含有二个或二个以上DNA分子的DNA构建物,每个DNA分子代表一种禽类病毒基因或其片段。该多价性DNA疫苗能表达出二个或二个以上病毒抗原且在禽类体内诱导出抗禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。
Description
相关申请
本申请案主张2002年3月8日提出的美国临时申请案60/362,547的优先权,在这里以引用方式并于本文。
技术领域
本发明是有关一种在禽卵内取得胚胎免疫性的多重性DNA疫苗及/或多价性DNA疫苗。该多重性DNA疫苗包含二个或二个以上的DNA构建物,每个构建物含有一个编码禽类病毒蛋白或其片段的DNA分子,该蛋白或其片段能在禽类体内诱导出抗禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。该多价性DNA疫苗包含一个DNA构建物,该构建物含有二个或二个以上的DNA分子,各DNA分子为一个禽类病毒基因或其片段。该多价性DNA疫苗能表达出二个或二个以上的病毒抗原且能在禽类体内诱导出抗禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。该多重性DNA疫苗和该多价性DNA疫苗两者优选在禽卵受精约18天后注射到禽卵的羊膜内。
背景技术
Sharma等人已经全面地说明含病毒疫苗的蛋内疫苗接种(in ovo vaccination)(美国专利第4,458,630号)。尤其是,其讲授到可以将活的马立克病病毒(Marek’sdisease virus)注射到卵的羊膜的内,其后胚胎受到感染并且疫苗病毒复制到一高病毒效价(titer),从而在受处理的胚胎内诱导出保护性抗体的形成。(参阅,Sharma(1985),Avian Diseases 29,1155,1167-68)。
在全世界的家禽产业中众所周知,某些病毒疾病,例如马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(Newcastle disease virus)(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)、鸡贫血病毒(CAV)、鸡痘病毒(FPV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、理奥病毒(reovirus)、禽白血病病毒(ALV)、网状内皮组织增生病毒(REV)、禽腺病毒和出血性肠炎病毒(HEV),可能造成重大疫情爆发且导致养禽商业明显经济损失。其中,MDV、IBDV、NDV和IBV由于其毒性本质而显得特别重要。
马立克病(MD)为一种会在鸡中自然发生的恶性淋巴增生失调疾病。该疾病是由一种疱疹病毒-马立克病病毒(MDV)所引起的。MD普遍存在于全世界的禽类生产国家中,在密集生产系统下饲养的鸡不可避免地会遭受来自马立克病所造成的损失。MD病征广泛地出现于受到感染的鸡的神经、生殖器官、内部器官、眼睛和皮肤,造成运动障碍(由于神经受到感染时因麻痹所致),内部器官的功能性障碍(因肿瘤所致),与慢性营养不足(若内部器官有受到病毒侵袭时)。MD会感染约6周龄以上的鸡,最常发生于12周至24周龄鸡中。
至目前为止,尚未有治疗MD的方法。该疾病的控制主要基于管理方法,例如将正在生长的鸡与感染源隔离,使用在遗传上具有抗性的品系,以及接种疫苗。不过,管理程序通常不具成本效益,且针对具有增加遗传上控制抵抗力的禽系的选择而言,其进展亦令人失望。现今,MD的控制几乎完全根基于疫苗接种。
传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)会造成幼鸡的高度接触感染免疫抑制性疾病,进而造成全世界禽业的明显损失(参阅Kibenge(1988),J.Gen.Virol.,69:1757-1775)。感染了病毒性传染性华氏囊病病毒系的敏感性鸡,可能会产生被称为传染性华氏囊病(IBD)的高度接触感染免疫抑制性状况。对华氏囊(the bursa of Fabricius)的淋巴滤泡和脾所造成的伤害,可能会加重其它病原体所造成的感染,并且减低鸡对疫苗的反应能力(参阅Cosgrove(1962),Avian Dis.,6:385-3894)。
IBDV为双RNA病毒科(Birnaviridae)的一员,其基因组由两个片段的双链RNA所构成(参阅Dobos et al.(1979),J.Virol.,32:593-605)。较小的片段B(约2800bp)编码VP1,即dsRNA聚合酶。较大的基因片段A(约3000bp)在单一开放读码区(ORF)内编码为一个110kDa多肽前体,经处理成为成熟的VP2、VP3和VP4(参阅Azad et al.(1985),Virology,143:35-44)。从与该多肽的ORF部分重叠的一个小ORF,片段A也可编码出VP5,一具有未知功能的17kDa蛋白质(参阅Kibenge et al(1991),J.Gen.Virol.71:569-577)。
虽然VP2和VP3都是病毒粒子的主要结构蛋白,不过VP2才是主要的保护性免疫原且会引起宿主诱导出中和抗体(参阅Becht et al.(1988),J.Gen.Virol.,69:631-640;Fahey et al.(1988),J.Gen.Virol.,70:1473-1481)。VP3被认为是一种组特异性抗原(group-specific antigen),是因为其可被来源于血清型1和2中直接抗VP3的单克隆抗体(Mabs)所识别(参阅Becht et al(1988),J.Gen.Virol.,69:631-640)。VP4为一种由病毒编码的蛋白酶且参与蛋白质前体的处理(参阅Jagadish et al.(1988),J.Virol.,62:1084-1087)。
在过去,幼鸡IBDV感染的控制是由使用无毒性品系进行活疫苗接种,或主要通过将活的或经杀死的IBDV疫苗饲养母鸡后所诱导出的母体抗体转移而达成。不幸的是,最近数年内,在美国从经疫苗接种过的鸡群中已分离出毒性IBDV变异株(参阅,例如,Snyder et al.(1988),Avian Dis.,32:535-539;Van der Marel et al.(1990),Dtsch.Tierarztl.Wschr.,97:81-83),此事实严重地破坏了对IBDV使用活疫苗接种的效用性。
开发对IBDV的重组疫苗已有成效,并已将IBDV的基因组克隆出来(参阅Azad etal(1985)”Virology”,143:35-44)。IBDV的VP2基因也克隆出且在酵母菌内(参阅Macreadie et al.(1990),Vaccine,8:549-552),以及重组禽痘病毒内表达出(参阅Bayliss et al(1991),Arch.Virol.,120:193-205)。当鸡使用从酵母菌表达的VP2抗原予以免疫处理时,抗血清可提供鸡对抗传染性华氏囊病病毒感染的被动保护。在用于主动免疫研究时,以禽痘病毒为载体的(fowlpox virus-vectored)VP2抗原可提供对抗死亡的保护,但是不能提供对抗华氏囊伤害的保护。
新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)为一种有鞘膜的病毒,其包含一线形、单链、未分段、负义(negative sense)的RNA基因组。具有特色地,包含负义基因组的带有鞘膜的单链RNA的病毒族被分类为具有未分段的基因组(例如,副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)和弹状病毒科(Rhabdoviridae))或具有分段的基因组(例如,正黏病毒科(Orthomyxoviridae)、布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)和砂粒病毒科(Arenaviridae))。新城鸡瘟病毒,与副流感病毒、仙台病毒(Sendai virus)、猿猴病毒5(simian virus5)、和腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus)都属于副黏病毒科。
NDV的构造成分包括一源于细胞膜的双层脂质的病毒鞘膜。从鞘膜突出的糖蛋白,血球凝集素-神经胺酸酶(HN),可使病毒同时具有血球凝集和神经胺酸酶两种活性。而融合糖蛋白(F)也会与病毒鞘膜产生相互作用,它首先以无活性的前体形式产生,然后经转译后处理,被切断产生两条由双硫键联结的多肽链。活化的F蛋白经由帮助病毒鞘膜与宿主细胞膜的融合使新城鸡瘟病毒穿透到宿主细胞内。基质蛋白(M)则与病毒组装有关,且与病毒鞘膜和核壳体蛋白(nucelocapsid proteins)两者相互作用。
NDV核壳体的主要蛋白亚单位为核壳体蛋白(NP),其赋予核壳螺旋对称性。与核壳体结合的为P和L蛋白。磷酸化的磷蛋白(P)被认为在转录作用中具有调节的作用,并可能与甲基化、磷酸化和聚腺苷酸化作用有关。编码RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶的L基因系与P蛋白一起为合成病毒RNA所需。占有病毒基因组的编码容量几乎一半的L蛋白是各种病毒蛋白中最大的,且在转录和复制上均扮有重要角色。
所有负链RNA病毒,包括NDV,其复制皆因不含有复制RNA所需的细胞机构而变得复杂。此外,负链基因组不能直接转译成为蛋白质,而必须先转录到正链(mRNA)拷贝的中。所以,在进入宿主细胞内的后,病毒不能马上合成RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶。L、P和NP蛋白必须在感染时一起与基因组进入细胞的内。NDV的负链基因组(vRNAs)和反基因组(antigenome)两者均由核壳体蛋白所封装(encapsidated);唯一未被封装的RNA种类为病毒mRNAs。细胞质为NDV的病毒RNA复制的场所,也是其转录的场所。各病毒成分的组装在宿主细胞膜进行,且成熟病毒通过出芽而释放出来。
在美国专利5,427,791中,Ahmad等人述及针对NDV的胚胎疫苗接种,其中需要通过使用乙基甲基磺酸酯(EMS)将病毒修饰。然而,EMS为一种突变剂,使得经由使用EMS制备成的疫苗也被怀疑具有突变剂的作用,对于正常疫苗的施用并不适宜。不过,在没有使用EMS的改变的下,新城鸡瘟病毒疫苗就不能用于卵内疫苗接种,因为在使用未修饰的病毒注射到卵内的后,几乎所有的胚胎都会死掉。
传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),为冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)的原型,是为传染性支气管炎(IB)的病原。该病毒具有一有正极性的单链RNA基因组,长度约20kb,且其尺寸常约80-100nm,为有突出20纳米刺突(spike)的圆形。传染性支气管炎病毒为所有年龄鸡的急性高度接触传染性疾病的肇因剂,会感染呼吸、生殖和肾等系统。
IBV含有三个结构蛋白:刺突糖蛋白(S)、膜糖蛋白和核壳体蛋白。该刺突糖蛋白因其存在于病毒脂质膜突出的刺突或泪滴状表面突起而得此名称。该刺突蛋白被认为与病毒的致免疫性有关,部分是因为其类似于其它冠状病毒的刺突蛋白,且另一部分则由于体外(in vitro)中和实验(参阅,例如,D.Cavanagh et al.(1984),AvianPathology,13,573-583)。该病毒含有两种刺突糖蛋白,为S1(90kDa)和S2(84kDa)。糖多肽链S1和S2的多肽成分经酶法移除寡醣的后估计具有约125kDa的合并分子量。刺突糖蛋白显然是通过S2多肽链接着到病毒鞘膜的。
IBV已广泛分布于已经发展出密集养鸡工业的国家中。生长到4周年龄的幼鸡最容易受到传染性支气管炎病毒所感染,其感染会导致高度发病率及因二次细菌感染所致死亡率。感染也会导致蛋产量下降,或完全不能下蛋,加上产生具有薄壳、畸形、粗糙和软壳的低级蛋,而对经济造成严重的影响。
给予蛋中(卵内)正发育的小鸡活的疫苗,已被证明为一种免疫婴儿鸡使在其孵出前抗某些疾病的快速(40,000颗蛋每小时),有效(100%蛋接受疫苗),且省劳力(100,000美金每年每孵化场)的方法。
第一个用于鸡孵化蛋的具卵内疫苗接种机器是由Raleigh,N.C.的Embrex,Inc.于80年代晚期发展出来的。(参阅,美国专利第5,056,464号和5,699,751号)。此种卵内机器目前用于约80%的美国肉鸡孵化场中,主要是用来施打MD疫苗。该机器用于鸡抗MD的疫苗接种中被证明为安全有效的机器,也逐渐被用来施打IBD和ND疫苗。
下面文段内所呈现的本发明中,要介绍的是一种以DNA为媒介的免疫作用(总称为”DNA疫苗”)。有两类型的DNA疫苗,亦即,一种多重性DNA疫苗和一种多价性DNA疫苗。本发明的多重性DNA疫苗含有两种或更多种DNA构建物的组合,各构建物含有为一病毒基因或其片段的单一DNA分子。本发明的多价性DNA疫苗包含在一个DNA构建物中联结在一起的二个或更多个病毒基因或其片段。制备该多重性DNA疫苗或该多价性DNA疫苗任一中所使用的病毒基因或其片段可编码出病毒的肽链,该肽链为宿主体液和细胞免疫系统的抗原且可诱导该体液和细胞免疫系统。该DNA疫苗首选用针施打到卵内。蛋内DNA疫苗注射会导致令人惊讶地强烈的免疫反应,其中不仅包括抗体诱导和有细胞介质分泌的T-细胞活化,而且包括细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的产生。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于蛋内注射的多重性DNA疫苗。该多重性DNA疫苗包含二个或二个以上DNA构建物,各DNA构建物可表达出会在禽类内造成禽类病毒疾病的禽类病毒的抗原蛋白。该禽类病毒的抗原蛋白能诱导出抗禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。该多重性DNA疫苗优选地是注射到禽蛋内,特别是禽卵的羊水内。该卵优选地是经受精约18天。优选的禽类包括鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹅。
该DNA构建物包含一个DNA分子和一个载体(vector)。该载体可为一质粒(plasmid)或一病毒载体,优选载体为质粒,质粒的例子包括,但是不限于,pcDNA3、pVAX1、pSectag、pTracer、pDisplay、pUC系统质粒(例如pUC7、pUC8、pUC18)、与pGEM系统质粒。或者,也可以使用含有一个启动子(promoter)例如CMV启动子、SV40启动子、RSV启动子、和β-肌动蛋白启动子等的任何质粒来制备DNA构建物。最适合的质粒为pcDNA3。优选病毒载体为选自杆状病毒、疱疹病毒、和痘病毒所构成的群组中的一种。
禽类病毒的例子包括,但不限于,马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽类脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)、禽类白血病病毒(ALV)、禽痘病毒(FPV)、禽类副黏病毒(APV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)、和出血性肠炎病毒(HEV)。
特别适合用来诱导保护性免疫反应以对抗上面所述禽类病毒疾病的DNA分子包括,但不限于,具有SEQ ID NO:1的DNA序列的马立克病病毒(MDV)gB基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:2的DNA序列的传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:3的DNA序列的新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)HN基因(自第6321至第8319碱基对)的全序列或其片段(亦即SEQ ID NO:3为新城鸡瘟病毒的整个基因组);具有SEQ ID NO:4的DNA序列的传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:5的DNA序列的传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)的糖蛋白G基因的全序列或其片段;禽类脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)的VP1、VP0、或VP3基因的全序列或其片段(VP1基因具有SEQ ID NO:6的DNA序列;VP0基因具有SEQ ID NO:7的DNA序列;且VP3基因具有SEQ ID NO:8的DNA序列);具有SEQ ID NO:9的DNA序列的禽类副流感病毒(APV)的副糖蛋白G基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:10的DNA序列的出血性肠炎病毒(HEV)的A型五角体基(penton base)基因的全序列或其片段;与具有SEQ ID NO:11的DNA序列的禽痘病毒(FPV)的鞘膜抗原基因的全序列或其片段。
一个优选的DNA疫苗例子包含两个DNA构建物,每个含有一个能够表达来自马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)、或传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的基因或其片段的DNA分子。
多重性DNA疫苗的另一优选例子含有3或3个以上的DNA构建物,每个含有一个能够表达来自马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)、或传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的基因或其片段的DNA分子。
本发明也提供一种给禽卵接种的方法与一种制备该多重性DNA疫苗的方法。该给禽卵接种的方法包括向禽蛋内注射上述多重性DNA疫苗。该制备该多重性DNA疫苗的方法包括将一个DNA分子黏接(ligating)到质粒或病毒载体以形成DNA构建物;然后将该二个或更多个该DNA构建物混合以形成多重性DNA疫苗。将DNA分子插入于载体内的步骤可以用常规方法来达成,亦即,基因和适合的载体都用相同的限制酶予以酶切以藉此产生互补的DNA末端,使用如T4 DNA黏接酶(ligase)的酶黏接DNA分子。对于pcDNA3,优选的限制酶为BamH1和EcoR1。
在另一具体实例中,提供了一种蛋内注射用的多价性DNA疫苗。该多价性DNA疫苗包含一个DNA构建物,各构建物含有用一个载体联结的二个或二个以上的DNA分子。每个DNA分子可表达出一种禽类病毒的抗原蛋白,该抗原蛋白能在禽类体内诱导出抗该禽类病毒疾病的保护性免疫反应。该多价性DNA疫苗优选注射到禽蛋内。该多价性DNA疫苗的每一个DNA分子为来自马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽类脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)、禽类白血病病毒(ALV)、禽痘病毒(FPV)、禽类副流感病毒(APV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)、和出血性肠炎病毒(HEV)的一个基因或其片段。
具体实施方式
传统禽类疫苗包括经化学灭活的病毒疫苗或经修饰的活病毒疫苗。灭活疫苗需要额外的免疫化处理,如此不仅制造起来昂贵且执行起来繁琐。再者,某些传染性病毒颗粒可能在灭活程序中存活,并可能在施打到动物后引发疾病。
整体而言,经减毒的活病毒疫苗比经灭活疫苗较适当,因为其可诱发通常同时基于体液和细胞反应的免疫反应。这种疫苗通常是以在组织培养中的毒性病毒株连续传代为基础。然而,减毒程序会诱导病毒基因组的突变,产生有关毒性和免疫性质互相异质的一族群病毒粒子。此外,众所周知,传统经减毒的活病毒疫苗可能回复毒性,而导致在所接种的动物上爆发疾病并可能将病原散布到其它动物上。
因此,以重组DNA技术为基础的疫苗对产业界来说是具有其优点的。所得DNA疫苗只含有且只表达出所必需的和相关的免疫原物质,此免疫原物质能够诱发抗病原的保护性免疫反应,且不会显现出上述活疫苗或经灭活的疫苗的缺点。
为了制备多重性DNA疫苗及/或多价性重组DNA疫苗的目的,基因的DNA序列(也可以与“DNA分子”互换地使用)不需要含有编码该多肽链的DNA的全部长度。在大部分情况中,编码一个抗原决定部位区的基因片段应该就足够供免疫反应所用。抗原决定部位区的DNA序列可以通过将其它病毒株的对应部份予以定序且互相比较而找出。主要的抗原决定子(antigenic determinant)可能为显示出最大异质性(heterology)者。此外,这些抗原决定部位区也可能位于蛋白质的构象结构之内。一个或更多个该编码抗原决定子的基因片段可以通过化学合成或重组DNA技术予以制备。如果需要,这些基因片段可以键联在一起或联结到其它DNA分子。
同时,病毒基因也不需要在DNA内。事实上,某些常见的禽类病毒疾病是由双链或单链RNA病毒所引起的。例如,马立克病病毒(MDV)为一种双链RNA病毒,而传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)和传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)都是单链RNA病毒。不过,RNA病毒序列可以使用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术反转录到DNA内,接着以常用的重组DNA技术将之加到载体内。
此外,因为遗传密码的简并性,可能会有许多RNA和DNA序列编码着一个特定的氨基酸序列。因此,可表达出具有抗体结合特性的多肽链的所有RNA和DNA序列都为本发明所涵盖。
要构建重组DNA疫苗时,不论单价或多价,均可将病毒基因的DNA序列黏接到于自然界中不相关或联结的其它DNA分子。任意地,可将一个病毒基因的DNA序列黏接另一个DNA分子中,即载体,该载体含有其编码融合蛋白质序列例如β-半乳糖苷酶的DNA,产生所谓的重组核酸分子或DNA构建物,其可用来转殖到适当的宿主。此种载体优选是衍生自,如质粒或存在于噬菌体、黏接质粒或病毒中的核酸序列。
可以用来克隆根据本发明的核酸序列的特定载体都是本领域所知的,且包括质粒或病毒载体。质粒的例子包括,但不限于,pBR322、pcDNA3、pVAX1、pSectag、pTracer、pDisplay、pUC系统质粒(例如pUC7、pUC8、pUC18)、pGEM系统质粒、Bluescript质粒或有包括CMV启动子、SV40启动子、RSV启动子、和β-肌动蛋白启动子等的任何其它质粒。优选质粒为pcDNA3。病毒载体的例子包括,但不限于,噬菌体(例如,λ和M13-衍生的噬菌体)、SV40、腺病毒、多瘤病毒(polyoma)、杆状病毒、疱疹病毒(HVT)或痘病毒(例如禽痘病毒)。
构建重组核酸分子所用的方法都是本领域所知悉的技术。例如,当基因和适合的克隆载体都用相同的限制酶酶切以产生互补的DNA末端后,核酸序列在一克隆载体中的插入可以很容易地通过如T4 DNA连接酶的酶连接得到。
或者,通过消化单链DNA或使用恰当的DNA聚合酶来填充隐性末端来修饰限制酶切部位以产生钝端(blunt end)可能也是需要的。随后,可以使用如T4 DNA黏接酶的酶进行钝端黏接。如果需要,可以通过将黏接臂黏接到DNA末端上来产生任何限制酶切部位。这类黏接臂可包括编码限制酶切部位序列的特定寡核苷酸序列。经限制酶酶切过的载体和核酸序列也可通过均聚物加尾(homopolymeric tailing)来进行修饰。
本发明提供两种DNA疫苗。第一种多重性DNA疫苗,其包含二个或二个以上的单价DNA疫苗,各含有一条DNA序列,该DNA序列编码着至少一种多肽链,该多肽链能提供保护作用以对抗一种禽类病毒疾病例如马立克病病毒(MDV)、传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)、禽痘病毒(FPV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、禽白血病病毒(ALV)、鸭肝炎病毒B基因和出血性肠炎病毒(HEV),并插入到商业上可用的质粒中。
第二种为多价性重组DNA疫苗,其包含来自不同病毒的二种或二种以上的基因或基因片段。这些基因或基因片段通过一个有用的载体所携载,该载体可为质粒或病毒载体。该多价性重组DNA疫苗编码着二个或二个以上的抗原多肽链,该抗原多肽链可提供保护作用以对抗至少两种病毒疾病包括,但不限于,马立克病、传染性华氏囊病、新城鸡瘟病或传染性支气管炎之保护。该病毒基因或基因片段可被有效地连接到载体的读码区内以使其可在宿主体内表达出来。由该载体所携带的不同结构DNA序列可用终止序列和起始序列分隔使得该蛋白质可以分开表达,或成为一个单一读码区的一部分,因而可用本领域中已知的方法以融合蛋白质的形式产生。
优选的DNA序列包括,但不限于,具有SEQ ID NO:1的DNA序列的马立克病病毒(MDV)gB基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:2的DNA序列的传染性华氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:3中自第6321至8319碱基对的DNA序列的新城鸡瘟病毒(NDV)HN基因的全序列或其片段;具有SEQ ID NO:4的DNA序列的传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1基因的全序列或其片段。
编码马立克病病毒的gB多肽链的DNA序列具有SEQ ID NO:1的核酸序列。该DNA序列包含线型DNA的3650个碱基对。
编码传染性华氏囊病病毒的VP2多肽链的DNA序列具有SEQ ID NO:2的核酸序列。该DNA序列包含线型DNA分子的3004碱基对,可由传染性华氏囊病病毒的RNA模板反转录而来。
整个新城鸡瘟病毒基因组的DNA序列包含15186碱基对的DNA,其中(1)第56至1792碱基对编码NP多肽链,为一核壳体蛋白;(2)第1804-3244碱基对编码P多肽链,为一磷蛋白;(3)第3256-4487碱基对编码M多肽链,为一基质蛋白;(4)第4498-6279碱基对编码F多肽链,为一融合蛋白质;(5)第6321-8319碱基对编码HN多肽链,为血球凝集素神经胺酸酶;(6)第8370-15073碱基对编码L多肽链,为一大的聚合酶蛋白质。新城鸡瘟病毒基因组具有SEQ ID NO:3的DNA序列。
S1多肽链的DNA序列含有如SEQ ID NO:4所示1611个碱基对线型DNA序列,是从传染性支气管炎病毒的RNA模板反转录而得。
下面的实验设计为示范说明,而不用来限制本发明的范围。其中可做出合理的变化,例如合理技术操作所发生者,不违离本发明的范围。
I.材料与方法
(A)病毒与疫苗
禽类传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性华氏囊病(IBD)和新城鸡瘟病(ND)疫苗都购自Intervet Inc.。
(B)病毒RNA分离与反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)
将200微升回收的减毒疫苗(Intervet Inc.)溶解于冰冷的GTC缓冲液(4M异硫氰酸胍,25mM柠檬酸钠,pH 7.0,0.5%Sarkosyl,0.1M氢硫基乙醇)和醋酸钠(pH4)中。加入等体积的苯酚-氯仿(1∶1)震荡后静置于冰上15分钟。离心后收集水层且使用等体积的异丙醇沉淀出RNA。在4℃下以12,000rpm离心20分钟将沉淀的RNA分离出,然后悬浮在经焦碳酸二乙酯(DEPC)处理过的去离子水中且贮存在-70℃。
(C)寡核苷酸
反转录聚合酶连锁反应所用的寡核苷酸引物(primer)都是购自Promega,且都是分别针对禽类传染性支气管炎病毒(Beaudette CK株)、新城鸡瘟病毒(Lasota株)和禽类传染性华氏囊病病毒的基因组来设计。PCR所用各引物的序列为:
IBS1F’5’CGGGATCCGCCGCCGCCATGTTGGTAACACCTCTT 3’;(SEQ ID NO:12)
IBS1R’5’CGGAATTCTTAACGTCTAAAACGACGTGT 3’;(SEQ ID NO:13)
NDF F’5’CGGGATCCGCCGCCGCCATGGGCTCCAGACCTTCTACC 3’;(SEQ ID NO:14)
NDF R’5’CCGCTCGAGTTACATTTTTGTAGTGGCTCTCATT 3’;(SEQ ID NO:15)
NDHN F’5’CGGGATCCGCCGCCGCCATGGACCGCGCCGTTAGGCAAG 3’;(SEQ ID NO:16)
NDHN R’5’GCTCTAGATTACTCAACTAGCCAGACCTG 3’;(SEQ ID NO:17)
IBDVP2F’5’CGGGATCCGCCGCCGCCATGACAAACCTGCAAGAT 3’;(SEQ ID NO:18)
IBDVP2R’5’CGGAATTCTTACCTTATGGCCCGGATTAT 3’;(SEQ ID NO:19)
(D)反转录聚合酶连锁反应(RT-PCR)
传染性支气管炎病毒、新城鸡瘟病和传染性华氏囊病病毒的RNA反转录是在42℃于2.5倍Taq缓冲液(200mM NaCl,15mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,15mM MgCl2,15mMβ-氢硫基乙醇,和各0.25mM的dATP、dCTP、dGTP,和dTTP)中进行30分钟。除了Taq缓冲液之外,反应混合物(40微升)也含有病毒RNA,2.4U的禽类骨髓母细胞瘤病毒(AMV)反转录酶(Promega),16U的RNasin(Promega),和0.01nmol的反向引物(IBDVP2R、NDF F、NDHN F或IBS1R)。反应混合物的最后体积为40微升。反转录之后,在反转录混合物中加入下列药剂:0.02nmol的各核苷三磷酸(dATP、dCTP、dGTP、dTTP),0.01nmol的前向引物(IBDVP2F、NDF R、NDHN R或IBS1F)和1.5U的Taq DNA聚合酶(Strategene)。然后加水到终体积100微升。反应在ThermalCycler(PerkinElmer-Cetus)内进行32个循环。每一PCR循环包括在94℃下变性(denaturation)1分钟,在57℃下退火(annealing)1分钟,与在72℃下延长(elongation)2分钟。
(E)DNA构建物的制备
使用分别来源于传染性华氏囊病毒疫苗、传染性支气管炎病毒疫苗和新城鸡瘟病毒疫苗的VP2、S1、NDF和NDHN等基因放置于市售质粒pcDNA3(Invitrogen,U.S.A.)的下游处,构成质粒pCMV-VP2、pCMV-S1、pCMV-NDF和pCMV-NDHN。使用限制酶BamH1、EcoR1、XbaI和XhoI将所有的基因插入到pcDNA3载体之内(引物序列中带下划线的字母)。在pcDNA3载体内的所有基因的序列都经过两方向测序予以验证。
(F)DNA和DNA传递的制备
经亲和层析法(Qiagen.Inc.)纯化的质粒DNA的定量用波长为260和280nm的分光光度计测量。将各100微克分量的DNA悬浮在100微升PBS中(0.14M氯化钠,10mM磷酸钠,pH 7.4)。对于DNA传递,使用含有20号1又1/2时针头的1cc注射筒。对于蛋内注射组,是从每一个蛋的大头端用针头穿透气室将0.1毫升的DNA疫苗(100微克)注射到胚胎内(取自鸡窝盘中18天的已受精且正发育的卵)。然后将该卵转移到孵化场,且放在该处直到在约21天时孵化为止。对于IM(肌肉内)组,所有疫苗(1/5剂量的活疫苗)注射到孵化后10天鸡的胸肉内。
II.实验设计
将无特定病原(SPF)受精蛋(n=60)随机分成12组。所有组的所有蛋(一组5颗蛋)都分别给予100微升的试剂。A组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-NDF+100微克pCMV-NDHN混合物,B组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-S1,C组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-VP2,D组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-NDF+100微克pCMV-NDHN+100微克pCMV-S1(ND+IB),E组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-NDF+100微克pCMV-NDHN+100微克pCMV-VP2(ND+IBD),F组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-VP2+100微克pCMV-VP2混合物(IB+IBD),G组的每一颗蛋注射100微克pCMV-NDF+100微克pCMV-NDHN+100微克pCMV-S1+100微克pCMV-VP2(ND+IB+IBD),作为阳性对照组的H组的每一颗蛋注射1剂量的市售蛋内IBD疫苗(Embrex,Inc),I、J、K和L组的每一颗蛋注射100微升的PBS。在此实验中的所有鸡都是在孵化后10天鸡的胸肉内注射100微升的疫苗(1/5剂量的活疫苗)。A和I组中的鸡注射NDV疫苗,B和J组注射IBV疫苗,C和K组注射IBDV疫苗,D组注射NDV+IB疫苗混合物,E组注射NDV+IBD疫苗混合物,F组注射IB+IBD疫苗混合物,且G和L组注射NDV、IB和IBD疫苗混合物。
III.血清检测
在孵化后10天(同时注射低剂量活疫苗)、17天、24天和31天收集所有血清样品。抗体效价的检测使用购自IDEXX Laboratories,Inc.的IB、IBD和NDV抗体检测试剂盒用ELISA检测。所有样品都进行重复检测。在检定之前使用样品稀释剂将检验样品稀释500倍(1∶500)。检测程序按照试剂盒手册进行。为了使检测正确,测量且记录在波长650nm的吸光值,A(650)。未知样中的相对抗体含量通过计算样品对阳性样(S/P)比例来确定。终点效价使用公式计算:Log10效价=1.09(Log10S/P)+3.36。
结果
如表1中所示,结果证实,对于抗-IBD抗体的检测,IBDV重组抗原VP2可以被表达并能起到原发刺激作用。在一低剂量疫苗强化后效价迅速增加。在孵化17天之后(亦即,IM注射后7天),C、E、F和G等组的效价明显地高于K和L组的效价。最重要的,IBDV抗原的表达不会受其它单价DNA疫苗(新城鸡瘟病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒)所干扰。对于IB和NDV DNA疫苗也有相同的结果。孵化后17天,B、D、F和G等组的效价都高于J和L组的效价(表2)且孵化后17天,A、D、E和G等组的效价都高于I和L组的效价(表3)。唯一未预料到的结果是疫苗,G组),不过抗-IBD和抗-IB则都可以(表1和2,G组)。
表1用IDEXX IBD抗体检测试剂盒检测的血清样品
(抗体效价对应于平均效价±SD)
*PH:孵化后
**---:平均效价低于396(被IDEXX试剂盒作为阴性)
表2用IDEXX IB抗体检测试剂盒检测的血清样品
(抗体效价对应于平均效价±SD)
*PH:孵化后
**---:平均效价低于396(被IDEXX试剂盒作为阴性)
表3用IDEXX ND抗体检测试剂盒检测的血清样品
(抗体效价系对应于平均效价±SD)
*PH:孵化后
**---:平均效价低于396(被IDEXX试剂盒作为阴性)
Claims (10)
1.一种用于蛋内注射的多重性DNA疫苗,包括:
二个DNA构建物,每个DNA构建物表达出一个会在禽类内造成禽类病毒疾病的禽类病毒的抗原蛋白;其中,所述DNA构建物包括一个编码禽类病毒的抗原蛋白的DNA分子与一个载体;
所述禽类病毒的抗原蛋白能在所述禽类诱导出抗所述禽类病毒疾病的保护性反应;
所述禽类病毒选自传染性华氏囊病病毒或新城鸡瘟病毒。
2.根据权利要求1的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述载体为一个质粒或一个病毒载体。
3.根据权利要求2的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述质粒为选自pcDNA3、pVAX1、pSectag、pTracer、pDisplay、pUC系统质粒与pGEM系统质粒所构成的群组中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述质粒包括一个启动子,所述启动子选自CMV启动子、SV40启动子、RSV启动子和β-肌动蛋白启动子所构成的群组。
5.根据权利要求2的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述病毒载体为选自杆状病毒、疱疹病毒和痘病毒所构成的群组中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述DNA分子为具有SEQ ID NO:2的DNA序列的传染性华氏囊病病毒VP2基因的全序列或其片段。
7.根据权利要求1的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述DNA分子为具有SEQ ID NO:3中自第6321至8319碱基对的DNA序列的新城鸡瘟病毒HN基因的全序列或其片段。
8.根据权利要求1的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述DNA分子能够表达出传染性华氏囊病病毒或新城鸡瘟病毒的抗原蛋白。
9.根据权利要求1的多重性DNA疫苗,其中,所述禽类为选自鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹅所构成的群组。
10.一种制备权利要求1所述多重性DNA疫苗的方法,包括:
将一个DNA分子黏接到一个质粒或病毒载体以形成一个DNA构建物;
将二个所述DNA构建物混合形成所述多重性DNA疫苗;
其中,所述DNA分子选自传染性华氏囊病病毒或新城鸡瘟病毒的基因或其片段。
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WO2009076668A2 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Alpharma, Inc. | Bacteriophage preparations and method of use thereof |
RU2593950C2 (ru) | 2011-10-21 | 2016-08-10 | Интервет Интернэшнл Б.В. | Рекомбинантный непатогенный mdv-вектор, обеспечивающий полиспецифический иммунитет |
CA2851658C (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2022-03-15 | Intervet International B.V. | Recombinant non-pathogenic marek's disease virus constructs encoding infectious laryngotracheitis virus and newcastle disease virus antigens |
EP2644702A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-02 | Ceva Sante Animale | Multivalent recombinant avian herpes virus and vaccine for immunizing avian species |
CN102895660B (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-04-23 | 中国兽医药品监察所 | 一种鸭病毒性肝炎二价灭活疫苗 |
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