CN1643260B - 旋带驱动发电的系统和方法 - Google Patents

旋带驱动发电的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1643260B
CN1643260B CN038070383A CN03807038A CN1643260B CN 1643260 B CN1643260 B CN 1643260B CN 038070383 A CN038070383 A CN 038070383A CN 03807038 A CN03807038 A CN 03807038A CN 1643260 B CN1643260 B CN 1643260B
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乔纳森·B·罗塞弗斯基
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
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    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
    • B63H11/08—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F01D1/38—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes of the screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
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    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H2001/122—Single or multiple threaded helicoidal screws, or the like, comprising foils extending over a substantial angle; Archimedean screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H2001/122—Single or multiple threaded helicoidal screws, or the like, comprising foils extending over a substantial angle; Archimedean screws
    • B63H2001/127—Single or multiple threaded helicoidal screws, or the like, comprising foils extending over a substantial angle; Archimedean screws with helicoidal foils projecting from inside surfaces of rotating shrouds; Archimedean screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/16—Propellers having a shrouding ring attached to blades
    • B63H2001/165—Hubless propellers, e.g. peripherally driven shrouds with blades projecting from the shrouds' inside surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
    • B63H11/08—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type
    • B63H2011/081—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type with axial flow, i.e. the axis of rotation being parallel to the flow direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
    • B63J2003/046—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant using wind or water driven turbines or impellers for power generation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/243—Rotors for turbines of the Archimedes screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/25—Geometry three-dimensional helical
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    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05D2240/243—Rotors for turbines of the Archimedes screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

旋带驱动发电设备包括一条带状的弯曲形状构件，它用金属或者其它合适的材料制成，并附接至一中心轴，且整个设备容纳在一管子(10)中，该管子在其整个长度上直径不变。管子的前部有一枢轴或系绳(18)，管子的后部有一诸如翼片(16)之类的阻曳装置，以使管子发生转动，直至其定向成平行于水流。在本方法的另一实施例中，旋带驱动发电设备的电输出连接至蓄电池，以在大水流时存储能量，而补偿在较小水流时的发电不足。在本发明的又一个实施例中，多个发电段串联地布置，以适于水流的变化并提供平稳的启动。在各段之间设置旁通排出口和联接装置。水流使一第一段工作，并经由旁通流出，直至达到充分旋转。然后接合联接件并关闭旁通，以使下一段工作。以这种方式，本发明的发电机就可分阶段地工作。

Description

旋带驱动发电的系统和方法
与在先申请的关系
本申请是提出于2000年7月29日的美国专利申请号第09/628,786号的延续部分，所述在先申请要求提出于1999年7月29日的美国临时申请第60/146,122号的优先权。这两个申请均援引于此，以供参考。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及利用旋带驱动机构来产生水电力的装置。更具体地说，本发明是一种在有关自定向和分阶段启动方面对水流的处理有所改进的旋带驱动发电机。
背景技术
同时待审的美国专利申请号第09/628,786号揭示了一种旋带驱动发电系统，并应用在峰值负载抑制系统中。不过，旋带驱动发电机的模块化性质使其能应用在其它的场合，如用于自由流动流和变化水流的环境中。
因此，如果一种系统能改进旋带驱动发电机在自由流动流以及变化水流环境中的运作，则将是很有用的。
发明内容
如下文将更加全面地讨论的，本发明的旋带驱动发电设备包括有关在水流内的系统定向和处理各种水流条件方面的改进。一安装在前部的枢轴或系绳与一安装在后部的阻曳装置一起工作，以在水流中定向发电机。使用蓄电池和允许下一段进行旁通的多段使各种水流条件下的实用性得以改进。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种水力发电系统，与目前所需要的设备构建资金的费用相比，该系统使所述费用明显降低。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种水力发电系统，它可适用于各种水力条件。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种自定向的水力发电系统。
在本发明的第一实施例中，旋带驱动发电设备包括一条带状的弯曲形状构件，它用金属或者其它合适的材料制成，并附接至一中心轴，且整个设备容纳在一管子中，该管子在其整个长度上直径不变。管子的前部有一枢轴或系绳，管子的后部有一诸如翼片之类的阻曳装置，以使管子发生转动，直至其定向成平行于水流。
在本方法的另一实施例中，旋带驱动发电设备的电输出连接至蓄电池，以在水流较大时存储能量，而补偿在水流较小时的发电不足。
在本发明的又一个实施例中，多个发电段串联地布置，以适于水流的变化并提供平稳的启动。在各段之间设置旁通排出口和联接装置。水流使一第一段工作，并经由旁通流出，直至达到充分旋转。然后接合联接件并关闭旁通，以使下一段工作。以这种方式，本发明的发电机就可分阶段地工作。
附图说明
图1示出本发明的自定向发电系统的基本设计。
图2示出本发明的另一实施例。
图3示出本发明的基本条带零件。
图4示出根据本发明另一实施例的一带有排出口的分阶段发电机。
具体实施方式
请参见图3，示出了该设备的内部设计。中心轴34上附接有一条带32。可见的是，该表示图看起来很像附接在一中心芯部上的螺钉螺纹。条带在一围管30中旋转。当整个木塞螺旋起子状的设计在围管30内旋转时，水沿着箭头的方向流动穿过发电系统。
水初始时在位置A处进入围管30，并遇到圈数稀疏的盘条，该圈数稀疏的盘条相对流入的水的轴向水流呈大致30度逐渐弯曲。条带发生改变，并在水的出口位置发展到一紧密的弯曲角度(圈数稠密的盘条)，且在该位置B处的所述角度几乎垂直于流过该设备的水流，从而进一步减小流过该设备的水流速度(这个角度并不是意味着对该设备的一种限值，因为其它的角度也可能被证实是有利的)。
水速度的减小是能量从水传递到设备所产生的后果，并由此转动设备的中心轴34和条带32。旋带状设备的旋转在圈数稀疏的盘条处开始，随着水撞击初始的圈数稀疏的盘条使设备缓慢地旋转，逐渐前进至圈数更稠密的盘条并产生更高的转速，所传递的能量不断增加，最终水接触到最后的圈数稠密、紧密弯曲的盘条，在该处产生最大的能量的传递。
设备的中心轴34在一围管30中工作，以防止能量侧向损失，而典型的敞开式水力涡轮型设计就会发生这样的侧向损失的情况。设备的中心轴34可以附接至各种发电装置中的任意一种，并向其提供动力。以这种方式，可通过使用齿轮、皮带轮或各种技术组合中的任意一种，将动力从发电设备的中心轴34传送至电力发生装置。或者，该系统也可以构造成将轴旁通并直接诱导发电，尽管这仍被认为是一种用于这里所揭示内容的目的的“发电装置”。
弯曲状的条带可以是杯状的37，并可用金属、塑料、复合物或其它坚固的材料制成。条带的环圈密度(frequency)可以是固定的(静止的)或者可变的(动态或可调节的)。可通过将条带分成小段成铰接、互锁或重叠叶片的相邻段来实现可变，诸叶片可由于沿着条带带子长度的连杆机构或滑动键槽(可本领域技术人员所知的其它手段)而可动的；或者，也可通过线性伸长或收缩来实现可变。条带最内侧的中心边缘附接在中心轴上，中心轴可包括纵向滑动的管状节段，或者包括在其内可调节条带最内侧边缘的附接部分以滑动的狭槽，或者通过其它的方法。条带材料可具有受限但一定的柔性/可延长性，以能在水流源发生变化时进行调节。管子30也可以具有直径变化的较小部分38、39。
参见图1，它示出了用于本发明的自定向条带的旋带驱动发电机100的基本实施例。当管子10放置在水流中时，旋带12转动耦合至一发电装置15的轴14以发电。诸如枢轴之类的一装置18附接在管子10的前部，传统设计的翼片16或其它的阻曳装置附接在管子10的后部。当装置18是一枢轴且旋带驱动发电机100放置在一水流中时，作用在翼片16上的阻力将致使管子10绕枢轴18旋转，直至它对齐成平行于水流。这是一种被动控制的方法。
在某些情况下，可能希望使用一种主动控制的方法，诸如使用一机械或机电反馈系统来将旋带驱动发电机100定向成与水流平行。可选择的结构包括、但不局限于由传统的控制系统(未图示，如水流传感器或其它的水流方向传感装置)操纵的可动的控制表面(翼片16)或可动的支承装置(装置18)。
图2示出了旋带驱动发电机100的另一实施例，其中发电机100可用来对漂浮在一航道120中的浮标110上的一灯或铃170进行供电，且所述航道有一水流180。一组合的系绳和电力传输线130附接在发电机100的前部，翼片或其它传统设计的阻曳装置附接在后部。一锚索190将浮标保持在适当的位置，并且与系绳130一起工作，用来将发电机100与水流180对齐以产生电力。从100产生出的电力经由线路130传递到一电力管理单元(PMU)140，以对铃或灯170进行供电。多余的电能被送至蓄电池150。在PMU140上还可附接一个光学的太阳能电源160。
图4示出了本发明分阶段的实施例，该实施例具有一初始的圈数稀疏的盘条节段3、一圈数中等疏密的盘条节段2以及一最后的圈数稠密的盘条节段1。如图所示，示出节段3和节段2已经起动，并经由排出口42A和联接件44A的附接而联接。通过不联接联接装置44B且敞开排出口42B以使流体能在46处流出，使节段1是旁通的。如在42C处所示，也可以使用诸如枢转排出口之类的其它装置。
联接件44A-B可以是传统的设计，如粘性耦合器、机械或电气致动的离合器、可动花键等等。
该设备可基于其所用于的特定空间或者区域的性质限制而采用各种尺寸。也可以基于特定安装场合的特殊要求，以各种组队的布置成对、三个、四个等等、以及并联或串联地采用该设备。这样的灵活性将允许在以前认为由于水深不够、水量不够和/或水流速度不够等原因而不适于进行水力发电的区域中进行水力发电的工作。
与目前可用的技术现在所要求的相比，本发明的可量测性和模块化的特性使其能实现使设备构建资金的费用明显降低的目标。
本发明的可量测性和模块化特性还使其能实现所需水量明显减小的目标，从而无需大范围溢流和荒废大块土地而来容纳目前可用技术所要求的大量的水。
本发明的可量测性和模块化使其能实现在以前被认为是水深、水量和/或水流速度不足以支持水力发电工作的区域中可进行工作的目的。
逐渐增加在旋带上的盘条的环圈密度可使线性能量沿着条带整个长度高效地转换成旋转能量。

Claims (18)

1.一种旋带驱动发电系统，它包括：
具有在一第一端处的一入口和在一第二端处的一出口的一管子；
由从管子的第一端至第二端以螺旋方式延伸的盘条形成的至少一条可旋转的条带，其中管子每单位长度的盘条环圈密度从管子的第一端向第二端增加；
在所述管子中的一轴向中心轴，所述条带在一内边缘处固定在所述轴上，并径向向外延伸以形成与管子的内壁相邻的一外边缘；
与所述轴和条带相关联的发电装置，用来将它们的旋转换成电力；以及
用来相对流体流自定向管子的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述用来相对流体流自定向管子的装置包括在所述管子上的一前部零件和在管子后部上的阻曳装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述前部零件选自包括一系绳和一枢轴的装置组。
4.如权利要求2所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述阻曳装置是翼片。
5.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述用来相对流体流自定向管子的装置包括一主动控制的支承装置。
6.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述用来相对流体流自定向管子的装置包括主动控制的可动控制表面。
7.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述条带是杯状的，以沿着面向入口的方向有一凹入的曲率。
8.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，条带由选自包括金属、复合材料、塑性聚合物以及陶瓷的材料组中的刚性材料制成。
9.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，管子的一部分的直径是变化的。
10.如权利要求1所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，还包括连接至所述发电装置的一蓄电池。
11.一种旋带驱动发电系统，它包括：
多个串联地分阶段的节段，各节段包括：
具有在一第一端处的一入口和在一第二端处的一出口的一管子；
由从管子的第一端至第二端以螺旋方式延伸的盘条形成的至少一条可旋转的条带，其中管子每单位长度的盘条环圈密度从管子的第一端向第二端增加；
在所述管子中的一轴向中心轴，所述条带在一内边缘处固定在所述轴上，并径向向外延伸以形成与管子的内壁相邻的一外边缘；
与所述轴和条带相关联的发电装置，用来将它们的旋转转换成电力；
其中，在各串联地分阶段的节段之间设有一轴联接件和一流体排出口。
12.如权利要求11所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述条带是杯状的，以沿着面向入口的方向有一凹入的曲率。
13.如权利要求11所述的旋带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，条带由选自包括金属、复合材料、塑性聚合物以及陶瓷的材料组中的刚性材料制成。
14.一种旋带驱动发电方法，它包括：
提供具有在一第一端处的一入口和在一第二端处的一出口的一管子；
旋转至少一条安装于轴上的条带，所述条带由从管子的第一端至第二端以螺旋方式延伸的盘条形成，其中管子每单位长度的盘条环圈密度从管子的第一端向第二端增加；
相对水流自定向所述管子，以使水直接流入第一端；
用条带来减小水的动量的轴向分量，以使条带和轴旋转；以及
从所述旋转中产生出电力。
15.如权利要求14所述的旋带驱动发电方法，其特征在于，自定向所述管子选自包括以下方式的一组方式：利用阻力被动地定向管子，利用可动控制表面主动地定向管子，以及利用可动支承装置主动地定向所述管子。
16.一种操作如权利要求11所述的系统的方法，它包括：
在第一节段与第二节段之间的轴联接件未联接且第一节段与第二节段之间的流体排出口打开时，开始旋转第一节段。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在第一节段的轴到达一预定转速时，附接第一节段与第二节段之间的轴联接件并关闭第一节段与第二节段之间的流体排出口。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在前一节段的轴到达所要的转速时，附接各相继的节段之间的轴联接件并关闭各相继节段之间的流体排出口。
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