CN1615137A - 用于预防和治疗血管疾病、包含雷帕霉素及其衍生物的药物递送系统 - Google Patents
用于预防和治疗血管疾病、包含雷帕霉素及其衍生物的药物递送系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1615137A CN1615137A CNA038020807A CN03802080A CN1615137A CN 1615137 A CN1615137 A CN 1615137A CN A038020807 A CNA038020807 A CN A038020807A CN 03802080 A CN03802080 A CN 03802080A CN 1615137 A CN1615137 A CN 1615137A
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于预防和治疗增殖性疾病、特别是血管疾病的药物递送系统,其包含雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种活性助剂联用。
Description
本发明涉及用于预防和治疗增殖性疾病、特别是血管疾病的药物递送系统。
很多人患有灌流心脏和其它主要器官的血管的进行性阻塞引起的循环疾病。在这些人中,严重的血管阻塞常导致缺血性损伤、高血压、中风或心肌梗死。动脉粥样硬化损伤限制或阻碍冠脉或外周血流,是与缺血性疾病相关的发病和死亡、包括冠心病和中风的主要原因。为阻止疾病发展并预防危及心肌或其它器官的更严重的疾病状态,可使用医学血管再造术如经皮腔内冠状血管成形术(PCTA)、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、动脉粥样斑块切除术、旁路移植术或其它种类的血管移植术。
在经过所述治疗的10-80%的患者中出现了各种血管再造术后的动脉粥样硬化性冠状动脉的再次变窄(再狭窄),这取决于所采取的手术和动脉部位。除了打开被动脉粥样硬化阻塞的动脉外,血管再造还损伤血管壁内的内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞,从而引发血栓形成和炎性反应。细胞衍生的生长因子如血小板衍生的生长因子、浸润巨噬细胞、白细胞或平滑肌细胞本身可引发平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移反应。在局部增殖和迁移的同时,炎性细胞也侵入血管损伤部位并可迁移至血管壁的更深层。增殖/迁移通常在损伤后一至两天内开始,并且根据所采取的血管再造术可持续数天和数周。
动脉粥样硬化损伤内的细胞和介质内的那些细胞均迁移、增殖和/或分泌大量胞外基质蛋白。增殖、迁移和胞外基质合成持续进行,直至损坏的内皮层被修复,届时内膜中的增殖变慢。新形成的组织称为新生内膜、内膜增厚或再狭窄损伤,其通常导致管腔变窄。由于构成性再塑例如血管再塑,也可发生进一步管腔变窄,导致进一步内膜增厚或增生。
此外,还存在并不限制或阻碍血管血流但形成所谓的“易损斑块”的动脉粥样硬化损伤。这种动脉粥样硬化损伤或易损斑块易于破裂或溃烂,导致血栓形成并因此引起不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死或猝死。发炎的动脉粥样硬化斑块可通过温度记录法检测。
或者,与血管通路治疗有关的并发症是很多疾病状态发病的主要原因。例如,血液透析患者的血管通路功能障碍通常由静脉循环的外流狭窄引起(Schwam S.J.等人,Kidney Int.36:707-711,1989)。与血管通路有关的发病占所有重症肾病患者住院情形的约23%,并且占所述患者全部住院费用的达二分之一(Feldman H.I.,J.Am.Soc.Nephrol.7:523-535,1996)。
另外,化疗患者的血管通路功能障碍通常由静脉循环的外流狭窄引起,并导致向癌症患者施用药物的能力下降。外流狭窄经常如此严重以至于需要介入治疗。
另外,全胃肠外营养(TPN)患者的血管通路功能障碍通常由静脉循环的外流狭窄引起,并导致护理这些患者的能力下降。
到目前为止,还没有任何用于预防或减少与在哺乳动物、特别是人类患者的静脉中插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管、优选大孔导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍的有效药物。
患有慢性肾衰竭患者的存活取决于透析的最佳常规性能。如若不能的话(例如由于血管通路功能障碍或故障),将导致迅速的临床恶化,并且除非该情况得到补救,否则这些患者将会死亡。血液透析要求可进入循环。血液透析血管通路的理想形式应使得可多次进入循环、提供高血流速度并涉及最小限度的并发症。目前,血管通路的三种形式是天然动静脉瘘(AVF)、合成移植物和中心静脉导管。移植物最常见由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或Gore-Tex构成。每种类型的通路具有其各自的优缺点。
血管通路功能障碍在血液透析人群中是发病和住院的最重要原因。以狭窄和之后的血栓形成为特征的静脉新生内膜增生是造成透析移植物衰竭的绝大多数病理现象的原因。在美国,长期血液透析患者中采用的最常见的血管通路手术形式是动静脉PTFE移植物,其占所有血液透析通路的约70%。
Burnett S.Kelly博士及其同事(Kidney International,62卷;第6期;2272页,2002年12月)和其它人以前已证明动静脉血液透析移植物周围的静脉新生内膜增生(VNH)以平滑肌细胞、新生内膜和外膜微血管以及胞外基质成分为特征。但是,尽管对VNH病理学有理性的认识,但是仍然没有预防或治疗血液透析血管通路功能障碍的有效的介入治疗。这非常令人遗憾,因为与更常见的外周旁路移植物中出现的动脉新生内膜增生相比,血液透析移植物周围的VNH似乎是一种更具攻击性的损伤。PTFE透析通路移植物一年主要开放50%,相比之下,主动脉髂移植物5年开放88%,股腘移植物一年开放70至80%。透析通路移植物周围的静脉狭窄对血管成形术的反应也较动脉狭窄差(如果形成血栓,三个月存活率40%,如果不形成血栓,六个月存活率50%)。他们认为对透析移植物如PTFE透析移植物中的VNH和静脉狭窄缺乏有效治疗是因为(a)对静脉狭窄可能与更常见的移植物-动脉吻合术中的动脉狭窄存在极大差别这一事实缺乏了解,和(b)缺乏经验证的大型动物VNH模型以筛选新的介入治疗。
尽管所述问题庞杂且费用巨大,但目前仍然没有用于预防或治疗透析移植物中的静脉新生内膜增生的有效治疗。
因此,需要有效的治疗和药物递送系统用于血管再造术,例如预防和治疗损伤后出现的内膜增厚或再狭窄,所述损伤例如血管损伤,包括例如外科损伤,例如血管再造引起的损伤,例如还有心脏或其它移植物中的损伤,用于易损斑块的稳定手术或用于预防或治疗血管通路功能障碍。
现已发现雷帕霉素和具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选与其它活性化合物例如抗增殖化合物联用,对上述病症、疾病或功能障碍具有有益作用。
雷帕霉素是已知由吸水链霉菌(streptomyces hygroscopicus)产生的大环内酯抗生素,其可抑制mTOR。具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物是指取代的雷帕霉素,例如40-取代的雷帕霉素或16-取代的雷帕霉素,或32-氢化的雷帕霉素,例如式I化合物,
其中:
R1为CH3或C3-6炔基,
R2为H、-CH2-CH2-OH、3-羟基-2-(羟甲基)-2-甲基-丙酰基或四唑基,且X为=O、(H,H)或(H,OH),
条件是:当X为=O且R1为CH3时,R2不是H,或当R2为-CH2-CH2-OH时的其前体药物,例如其生理上可水解的醚。
代表性的式I雷帕霉素衍生物是例如32-脱氧雷帕霉素、16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32-脱氧雷帕霉素、16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S或R)-二氢-雷帕霉素、16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S或R)-二氢-40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素、40-[3-羟基-2-(羟甲基)-2-甲基丙酸酯]-雷帕霉素(又称为CCI779)或40-表-(四唑基)-雷帕霉素(又称为ABT578)。优选的化合物是例如WO 94/09010实施例8中所公开的40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,或WO 96/41807中所公开的32-脱氧雷帕霉素或16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S)-二氢-雷帕霉素。
雷帕霉素衍生物还可包括所谓的雷帕霉素类似物(rapalog),例如WO98/02441和WO 01/14387中所公开的雷帕霉素类似物,例如AP23573。
根据本发明,雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物可以作为单独的活性成分或与一种或多种选自以下的活性助剂联合应用:
a)免疫抑制剂,例如钙调磷酸酶抑制剂,例如环孢菌素,例如环孢菌素A、ISA tx 247或FK506;
b)具有淋巴细胞耗竭性质的EDG-受体激动剂,例如FTY720(游离形式的或可药用盐形式、例如盐酸盐形式的2-氨基-2-[2-(4-辛基苯基)乙基]丙烷-1,3-二醇)或类似物,如WO 96/06068或WO 98/45249中所述,例如游离形式或可药用盐形式的2-氨基-2-{2-[4-(1-氧代-5-苯基戊基)苯基]乙基}丙烷-1,3-二醇或2-氨基-4-(4-庚基氧基苯基)-2-甲基-丁醇;
c)抗炎剂,例如类固醇,例如皮质类固醇,例如地塞米松或泼尼松;NSAID,例如环加氧酶抑制剂,例如COX-2抑制剂,例如塞来考昔、罗非考昔、艾托考昔或伐地考昔;子囊霉素,例如ASM981(或吡美莫司);细胞因子抑制剂,例如淋巴因子抑制剂,例如IL-1、-2或-6抑制剂,例如pralnacasan或阿那白滞素,或TNF抑制剂例如伊那西普,或趋化因子抑制剂;
d)抗血栓形成剂或抗凝剂,例如肝素或糖蛋白IIb/IIIa抑制剂,例如阿昔单抗、表非替得或替罗非班;
e)抗增殖剂,例如微管稳定剂或去稳定剂,包括但不局限于:紫杉烷类,例如紫杉醇、泰素或多西他赛;长春花生物碱,例如长春碱、特别是硫酸长春碱,长春新碱、特别是硫酸长春新碱,和长春烯碱;discodermolides或埃坡霉素(epothilones)或其衍生物,例如埃坡霉素B或其衍生物;
蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如蛋白激酶C或PI(3)激酶抑制剂,例如星形孢菌素和相关的小分子,例如UCN-01、BAY 43-9006、苔藓虫素(Bryostatin)1、哌立福辛、利莫福辛(limofosine)、米哚妥林、CGP52421、RO318220、RO320432、GO 6976、Isis3521、LY333531、LY379196、SU5416、SU6668、AG1296、伊马替尼等;
抑制PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶的化合物或抗体或与PDGF结合或减少PDGF受体表达的化合物,例如N-苯基-2-嘧啶-胺衍生物,例如伊马替尼、CT52923、RP-1776、GFB-111、吡咯并[3,4-c]-β-咔啉-二酮等;
抑制EGF受体酪氨酸激酶的化合物或抗体或与EGF结合或减少EGF受体例如EGF受体、ErbB2、ErbB3和ErbB4的表达或与EGF或EGF相关配体结合的化合物,特别是那些在以下专利中概括和具体公开的化合物、蛋白或单克隆抗体:WO 97/02266,例如实施例39中的化合物,或EP 0564409、WO 99/03854、EP 0520722、EP 0566226、EP 0787722、EP 0837063、US 5,747,498、WO 98/10767、WO 97/30034、WO 97/49688、WO 97/38983和特别是WO 96/30347(例如称为CP 358774的化合物)、WO 96/33980(例如化合物ZD 1839,Iressa)和WO 95/03283(例如化合物ZM 105180);例如曲妥单抗(Herpetin)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、OSI-774、CI-1033、EKB-569、GW-2016、E1.1、E2.4、E2.5、E6.2、E6.4、E2.11、E6.3或E7.6.3、视黄酸、α-、γ-或δ-生育酚或α-、γ-或δ-生育三烯酚,或影响GRB2、IMC-C225的化合物;或抑制VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶或VEGF受体的化合物或抗体或与VEGF结合的化合物,例如在以下专利中概括和具体公开的蛋白、小分子或单克隆抗体:WO 98/35958,例如1-(4-氯苯胺基)-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)酞嗪或其可药用盐,例如琥珀酸盐,或WO 00/09495、WO 00/27820、WO00/59509、WO 98/11223、WO 00/27819、WO 00/37502、WO 94/10202和EP 0769947;以下文献中所述的那些化合物:M.Prewett等人,CancerResearch
59(1999)5209-5218;F.Yuan等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.美国,93卷,14765-14770页,1996年12月;Z.Zhu等人,Cancer Res.58,1998,3209-3214;J.Mordenti等人,Toxicologic Pathology,27卷,第1期,14-21页,1999;M.S.O’Reilly等人,Cell 79,1994,315-328所述的血管紧张素(AngiostatinTM);M.S.O’Reilly等人,Cell 88,1997,277-285所述的内皮生长抑素(EndostatinTM);邻氨基苯甲酸酰胺、ZD4190、ZD6474、SU5416、SU6668或抗-VEGF抗体或抗-VEGF受体抗体,例如重组人单克隆抗IgE抗体(RhuMab);
f)抑制素,例如具有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制活性的抑制素,例如氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、托伐他汀、西伐他汀、匹伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀或尼伐他汀(nivastatin);
g)增强管腔内皮的内皮再生的化合物、蛋白、生长因子或刺激生长因子生成的化合物,例如FGF、IGF;
h)基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂,例如巴马司他、马马司他、托卡特、CGS 27023、RS 130830或AG3340;
k)激酶调节剂(即拮抗剂或激动剂),例如JNK、ERK1/2、MAPK或STAT;
l)刺激(NO)或NO供体释放的化合物,例如二氮亚烯鎓二酸盐(diazeniumdiolate)、S-亚硝基硫醇、中离子(mesoionic)噁三唑、异山梨醇或其组合,例如单硝酸酯和/或二硝酸酯。
m)促生长素抑制素类似物,例如奥曲肽、兰瑞肽、伐普肽或具有促生长抑制素激动剂性质的环己肽(cyclohexapeptide),例如环[4-(NH2-C2H4-NH-CO-O)Pro-Phg-DTrp-Lys-Tyr(Bzl)-Phe];或与PEG在化学上相关联的修饰的GH类似物,例如培维索孟;
n)醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂,例如依普利酮,或抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物,例如肾素抑制剂,例如SPP100,ACE抑制剂,例如卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、福辛普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、咪哒普利、培哚普利、特丁胺、群多普利或莫西普利,或ACE受体阻断剂,例如氯沙坦、依贝沙坦、坎地沙坦西酯(cilexetil)、缬沙坦或奥美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomil);
o)霉酚酸或其盐,例如霉酚酸钠,或其前体药物,例如霉酚酸酯。
如果存在的话,以上列表中还包括以上所公开化合物的可药用盐、相应的外消旋物、非对映异构体、对映异构体、互变异构体以及相应的结晶变体,例如溶剂合物、水合物和多晶型物。
抗体是指单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、由至少两个完整抗体形成的多特异性抗体以及抗体片段,只要它们表现出所需的生物学活性即可。
包含i)雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物和ii)吡美莫司的药物组合也构成本发明的一部分。
根据本发明,雷帕霉素优选与一种或多种选自以上定义的b)、e)、f)、g)、h)、k)、m)、n)、o)、COX-2抑制剂、细胞因子抑制剂或趋化因子抑制剂的活性助剂联用以局部施用或递送。
根据本发明的具体发现,提供了:
1.1在有需要的患者中预防或治疗中空管中平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移、或细胞增殖增加或凋亡减少或基质沉积增加的方法,包括局部施用治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.2预防或治疗管壁内膜增厚的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
管壁的内膜增厚优选为狭窄、再狭窄,例如血管再造或新血管形成,和/或炎症和/或血栓形成后的狭窄、再狭窄。
1.3预防或治疗中空管中的炎性疾病,例如T-细胞诱发的炎症的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.4稳定需要所述稳定作用的对象的血管中的易损斑块的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.51.1至1.4中所定义的方法,同时或依次与施用治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的其衍生物、例如式I化合物联用。雷帕霉素或其衍生物、例如式I的衍生物优选口服施用。
或者,1.1至1.4中所定义的方法可同时或依次与施用治疗有效量的活性助剂联用。
1.6在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄的方法,包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.7在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.8包括以上1.6和1.7项下所公开的方法步骤的组合的方法。
1.9在有需要的对象中预防或减少与在静脉或动脉中插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管、优选大孔导管或与实际治疗相关联的血管通路功能障碍的方法,其包括向所述对象施用雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用,或自药物递送医疗装置或系统中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
本发明优选涉及预防或减少血液透析中的血管通路功能障碍。
1.10在对象中稳定或修复动脉或静脉瘤的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.11在对象中预防或治疗吻合部位增生的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、管腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.12在对象中预防或治疗动脉例如主动脉旁路吻合的方法,包括自任何基于导管的装置、腔内医疗装置或外膜医疗装置中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
1.13 1.9至1.12中所定义的方法,同时或依次与施用治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或其衍生物、例如式I化合物联用。雷帕霉素或其衍生物、例如式I的衍生物优选口服施用。
或者,1.9至1.12中所定义的方法可同时或依次与施用治疗有效量的活性助剂联用。
2.1药物递送装置或系统,其包括i)适于在中空管中局部应用或施用的医疗装置,例如中空管腔内或腔外的基于导管的递送装置或医疗装置如置放于外膜内的植入剂或鞘(sheath),和ii)治疗剂量的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物或雷帕霉素,任选地与治疗剂量的一种或多种例如以上所公开的其它活性助剂联用。
各活性剂均可通过释放附着于递送装置或系统上。
2.2在此所定义的装置,用于1.1至1.12项下所定义的任一种方法。
3.1任选与一种或多种其它活性助剂联用的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物在1.4、1.6或1.9项下所定义的任一种方法中的用途,或任选与一种多种其它活性助剂联用在制备用于1.4、1.6或1.9项下所定义的任一种方法的药物中的用途。
3.2任选与在此定义的活性助剂组合的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物在制备在此所定义的用于1.1至1.12项下所定义的任一种方法的装置中的用途。
3.3涂布、浸渍或掺入(即可通过释放附着于医疗装置上)在此所述的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物的留置支路、瘘或导管在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在有需要的患者中预防或减少与在静脉或动脉中插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍。
4.用于1.4、1.6或1.9项下所定义的任一种方法的药物组合物,其包含雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的其衍生物,例如CCI779、ABT578、雷帕霉素类似物或式I化合物,以及一种或多种适用的可药用稀释剂或载体。
本发明的局部用递送装置或系统可用于减轻在任何血管部位、包括冠状动脉、颈动脉、肾动脉、外周动脉、大脑动脉或任何其它动脉或静脉部位进行的血管再造、旁路或移植手术附带引起的狭窄或再狭窄;用于减轻吻合部位狭窄或增生,包括以下动-静脉透析通路情况下的狭窄或增生:伴有或不伴有PTFE或例如Gore-Tex移植以及伴有或不伴有支架置入,或伴有任何其它心脏或移植术,或先天性血管介入。
在一项优选的实施方案中,本发明还提供了以上所公开的药物递送系统或装置,其还包含药物源,所述药物源递送治疗剂量的例如以上所公开的抑制PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶的化合物或抗体或与PDGF结合或减少PDGF受体表达的化合物、例如以上所公开的抑制EGF受体酪氨酸激酶的化合物或抗体或与EGF结合或减少EGF受体表达的化合物、例如以上所公开的抑制VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶或VEGF受体的化合物或抗体或与VEGF结合的化合物,各化合物均可通过释放附着于基于导管的递送装置或医疗装置上。
雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物在下文中称为“活性剂”。“药物”意指活性剂或所述活性剂和所述活性助剂。
局部施用优选在损伤部位或损伤部位附近、例如血管损伤部位进行。
局部施用可通过一种或多种以下途径:经导管或其它血管内递送系统、经鼻内、经支气管内、腹膜间(interperitoneally)或食管,或经肌肉系统中所用的递送球囊。中空管包括天然的身体脉管或导管,例如循环系统脉管如血管(动脉或静脉)、组织腔、淋巴通路,消化道,包括消化道例如食管或胆管,呼吸道例如气管,排泄系统导管例如肠、输尿管或尿道-前列腺,生殖系统管道和导管,体腔管道等。药物的局部施用或应用可提供所述药物的集中递送,在靶组织中达到无法通过其它施用途径获得的组织水平。另外,局部施用或应用可减少远端或全身毒性的危险。优选地,根据本发明,平滑肌细胞的增殖或迁移优选在局部治疗或支架置入部位的直接近端或远端被抑制或减少。
向中空管局部递送所述一种或多种药物的方法可以是通过从内部或外部向中空管递送药物的物理递送。局部药物递送包括导管递送系统、局部注射装置或系统或留置装置。所述装置或系统包括但不局限于支架、涂层支架、腔内套管(endolumenal sleeve)、支架-移植物、鞘、球囊、脂质体、控释骨架、聚合物腔内铺面(polymeric endoluminal paving)或其它血管内装置、栓塞递送微粒、细胞靶定如基于亲和力的递送、中空管周围的内贴剂、中空管周围的外贴剂、中空管套、外铺面、外支架套管等。参见Eccleston等人(1995)Interventional Cardiology Monitor 1:33-40-41;Slepian,N.J.(1996)Interventional Cardiol.1:103-116或Regar E、Sianos G、Serruys PW,“支架发展和局部药物递送”,Br Med Bull 2001,59:227-48,其公开内容在此引入作为参考。
优选地,所述递送装置或系统满足药理学、药动学和机械学要求。其还优选适合于灭菌。
本发明的支架可以是任何支架,包括自膨式支架、或通过使球囊充气而可放射状膨胀的支架或通过膨胀元件膨胀的支架、或通过使用供热无线电频率以使支架改变体积而膨胀的支架。可使用由聚合物或其它生物相容性材料例如多孔陶瓷,例如纳米多孔陶瓷构成或涂层的支架,其中已浸渍或掺入药物。支架可以是生物可降解的,或者当旨在持久使用时可由金属或合金例如Ni和Ti或另一种稳定的物质制成。也可以将所述药物包埋在已改进为含有微孔或管道的金属支架内或移植体内。也可以使用由聚合物或其它生物相容性材料、例如以下公开的材料制成的、含有药物的腔和/或近腔的涂层或外套管,以进行局部递送。
“生物相容性”意指不引起或引起最小负性组织反应、包括例如血栓形成和/或炎症的材料。
支架通常可用作留置在管腔内的管状结构以减轻阻塞。它们可以以非膨胀形式插入管腔,然后自动膨胀(自膨式支架)或在第二种原位装置的帮助下膨胀,例如安装有导管的血管成形术球囊,其在狭窄的脉管或身体通道内膨胀以便剪切和破坏与管壁组分相连的阻塞并获得扩大的管腔。或者,可以使用插入中空管中的、在较低温度下容易变形的支架:部署到位后,所述支架恢复其初始形状并在中空管例如食管或气管的内壁上施加固位且适中的压力。
所述一种或多种药物可通过多种方法和利用任何生物相容性材料掺入或附着于支架;可将其掺入例如聚合物或聚合物骨架中并喷在支架的外表面上。可在溶剂或溶剂混合物中制备药物和聚合物材料的混合物,并同样通过浸涂、刷涂和/或浸涂/旋涂将其涂布于支架表面,可使溶剂蒸发以得到包埋有药物的薄膜。对于其中药物由微孔、撑杆(strut)或管道递送的支架,可另外将聚合物溶液作为外层涂布以控制药物释放;或者,可将活性剂包括在微孔、撑杆或管道中并可将活性助剂掺入外层中,或相反。也可将活性剂附着于支架内层并将活性助剂附着于外层,或相反。药物也可通过共价键例如酯、酰胺或酐连接于支架表面,涉及化学衍生化。还可将药物掺入生物相容性多孔陶瓷涂层、例如纳米多孔陶瓷涂层中。本发明的医疗装置设计用于在释放活性剂的同时或随后释放活性助剂。
聚合物材料的例子包括亲水性、疏水性或生物相容性生物可降解的材料,例如聚羧酸;纤维素聚合物;淀粉;胶原;透明质酸;明胶;基于内酯的聚酯或共聚酯,例如聚丙交酯;聚乙交酯;聚丙交酯-乙交酯;聚己内酯;聚己内酯-乙交酯;聚(羟基丁酸酯);聚(羟基戊酸酯);羟基(丁酸酯-戊酸酯)共聚物;乙交酯-碳酸亚丙基酯共聚物;聚(二噁烷酮);聚原酸酯;聚酐;聚氨基酸;多糖;聚磷酸酯;聚磷酸酯-氨基甲酸酯;聚氰基丙烯酸酯;聚磷腈;聚(醚-酯)共聚物,例如PEO-PLLA、血纤维蛋白;血纤维蛋白原;或其混合物;以及生物相容性的非降解材料,例如聚氨基甲酸酯;聚烯烃;聚酯;聚酰胺;聚己内酰胺;聚酰亚胺;聚氯乙烯;聚乙烯基·甲基醚;聚乙烯醇或乙烯醇/烯烃共聚物,例如乙烯醇/乙烯共聚物;聚丙烯腈;乙烯单体与烯烃的聚苯乙烯共聚物,例如苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物,乙烯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物;聚二甲基硅氧烷;聚(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯);基于丙烯酸酯的聚合物或共聚物,例如聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯,聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯);聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氟化聚合物如聚四氟乙烯;纤维素酯例如醋酸纤维素、硝酸纤维素或丙酸纤维素;或其混合物。
当使用聚合物骨架时,其可包含2层,例如其中掺入一种或多种药物的底层,例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯,和上层,例如聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯,该层不含药物并用作药物的扩散控制层。或者,可将活性剂包含在底层并将活性助剂掺入外层,或者相反。聚合物骨架的总厚度可以为约1至20μ或更厚。
根据本发明的方法或在本发明的装置或系统中,药物可通过被动、主动方式或在活化作用例如光活化作用下释放。
药物随时间的进行从聚合物材料或支架中释放并进入周围组织,例如长达约1个月至1年。本发明的局部递送可在疾病部位产生高浓度的药物,而在循环中化合物的浓度较低。局部递送应用的用药量随所用化合物、待治疗的病症以及所需效果而异。对于本发明的目的,将施用治疗有效量;例如,将药物递送装置或系统设置为以0.001至200μg/天的速度释放活性剂和/或活性助剂。“治疗有效量”意指足以抑制细胞增殖并导致预防和治疗疾病状态的量。具体而言,对于预防或治疗再狭窄例如血管再造后的再狭窄,或抗肿瘤治疗,局部递送与全身性施用相比需要更少的化合物。
本发明的预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或与实际治疗相关联的血管通路功能障碍的预期治疗时间为约85天、例如70天,优选50天、例如28天,更优选28天。
用于预防或减少血管通路功能障碍的优选方法是在透析患者中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或与实际治疗相关联的以下情形的方法:血管血栓形成和/或瘘故障和/或支路故障和/或血管通路凝固和/或狭窄和/或再狭窄和/或需要去除留置通路凝固支路、瘘或导管的凝块。
用于预防或减少血管通路功能障碍的优选方法是在癌症患者中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或与实际治疗相关联的以下情形的方法:血管血栓形成和/或瘘故障和/或支路故障和/或血管通路凝固和/或狭窄和/或再狭窄和/或需要去除留置通路凝固支路、瘘或导管的凝块。
用于预防或减少血管通路功能障碍的优选方法是在全胃肠外营养(TPN)患者中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或与实际治疗相关联的以下情形的方法:血管血栓形成和/或瘘故障和/或支路故障和/或血管通路凝固和/或狭窄和/或再狭窄和/或需要去除留置通路凝固支路、瘘或导管的凝块。
在此所用的“预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍”意指:与未治疗的患者相比,在观察期间采集的、根据本发明所治疗患者的血管血栓形成和/或瘘故障和/或支路故障和/或血管通路凝固和/或狭窄和/或再狭窄和/或需要去除留置通路凝固支路、瘘或导管的凝块的发生被预防或减少。
在此所用的“与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的”意指:本发明的治疗可在插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或在实际治疗如透析治疗后立即、例如在4至8小时内开始;在插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或在实际治疗如透析治疗后的几天内、例如约7天、优选约1或2天内开始;或在插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或在实际治疗如透析治疗支前的若干天,例如约30天、优选约14天、优选约7天前开始。短语“与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联”还涉及例如在插入、修复或治疗的上午或当天省略一个剂量或多个剂量的给药方案。短语“与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联”还涉及省略一天的药物治疗或多天的药物治疗的给药方案。
术语“治疗”当在此用于指外科手术时,包括选自以下的手术:通路手术、瘘或支路的安装术、导管插入、实际的疾病治疗如透析治疗,以及去除通路支路、瘘或导管的凝块。另外,插入通路的治疗还包括通路的修复/修改。例如,可将经历透析通路支路故障患者的通路例如通过血管成形术修复。
在此所用的术语“在观察期间采集的”意指不超过或约12个月、优选12个月的一段时间。
当雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物全身性施用或通过全身性应用追加施用时,例如在根据本发明预防或减少血管通路功能障碍时,实施本发明方法所需的日剂量可因例如所用的化合物、宿主、施用方式和待治疗病症的严重性而异。优选的日剂量范围约0.1至25mg,以单剂量或分剂量施用。用于患者的适宜日剂量相当于例如口服0.1至25mg。所述化合物可通过任何常规途径施用,特别是经肠,例如口服,例如以片剂、胶囊剂、口服溶液剂形式施用;经鼻施用、经肺(经吸入)施用或经胃肠外例如以注射用溶液剂或混悬剂形式施用。用于口服施用的适合的单位剂量形式包含约0.05至12.5mg、通常0.25至10mg化合物,以及一种或多种可药用稀释剂或载体。
本发明优选的组合是这样的组合,其包含式I化合物,例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素或32-脱氧雷帕霉素或CCI-779、ABT578或雷帕霉素类似物,以及联用或联合的具有抗增殖性质的化合物,例如紫杉醇、泰素、多西他赛、埃坡霉素;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如蛋白激酶C或PI(3)激酶抑制剂,例如星形孢菌素和相关的小分子;PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、PDGF受体抑制剂、与PDGF结合的化合物,例如伊马替尼;VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、VEGF受体抑制剂、与VEGF结合的化合物,例如1-(4-氯苯胺基)-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)酞嗪;COX-2抑制剂;子囊霉素例如吡美莫司(pimecrolimus);或钙调磷酸酶抑制剂例如环孢菌素A、ISA tx 247或FK506。当用于在糖尿病患者中治疗或预防再狭窄时,以上提及的雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物与具有抗炎性质的化合物、吡美莫司或具有淋巴细胞耗竭性质的EDG-受体激动剂的组合具有特别有益的作用。以上提及的雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物与抑制素或醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂或与抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物的组合也具有有益的性质;所述的组合也构成本发明的一部分。
雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物也可以与抗氧剂例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚混合用于药物递送装置或系统,所述抗氧剂的量例如为以重量计不超过0.5%、优选以重量计0.2%。
各药物的效用可在动物试验方法中以及在临床中、例如根据下文所述的方法得到证实。
A1.在28天大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型中对晚期新生内膜损伤形成的抑制作用
在大鼠球囊扩张颈动脉模型中,已证明2周时多种化合物可抑制内膜损伤形成,但是只有少数化合物证实在4周时有效。在以下的大鼠模型中对式I化合物进行了试验。
将大鼠用安慰剂或式I化合物口服给药。在手术前3天开始每日给药并持续31天。用Clowes等人.Lab.Invest.1983;49;208-215所述方法在大鼠颈动脉致球囊损伤。在球囊损伤后的28天处死大鼠后,摘除颈动脉并进行组织学和形态测定评价。在该试验中,当以0.5至2.0mg/kg的剂量施用时,式I化合物例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素可显著减轻球囊损伤后28天时的新生内膜损伤形成。例如对于以0.5、1.0和2.0mg/kg的剂量施用的40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,所有三个剂量下的抑制百分比相似:在最低剂量(0.5mg/kg)下抑制率为31%,在最高剂量(2.0mg/kg)下抑制率为39%。式I化合物例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素在球囊扩张后4周具有抑制损伤的有益作用。
A2.在家兔髂支架模型中28天时对再狭窄的抑制作用
在新西兰白兔髂动脉中联合进行血管成形术和支架置入术。通过使处于动脉中部的3.0×9.0mm的血管成形术球囊膨胀、然后将导管“后拉”1个球囊长度实施髂动脉球囊损伤。将球囊损伤重复2次,并于6atm下将3.0×12mm的支架在髂动脉中放置30秒。然后以相同方法在对侧髂动脉上实施球囊损伤和支架放置。在支架放置后进行血管造影。所有动物每天均接受40mg/天的口服阿司匹林作为抗血小板治疗并用标准低胆固醇兔饲料喂养。支架置入后28天,将动物麻醉并实施安乐死,在100mmHg下用乳酸林格氏液将动脉树灌流数分钟,然后在100mmHg下用10%福尔马林灌流15分钟。切下远端主动脉和近端股动脉之间的血管部分并清除外膜周围的组织。将置入支架的动脉部分包埋于塑料中,并从每个支架的近端、中部和远端部分获取切片。将所有切片用苏木精-曙红和Movatpentachrome染剂染色。进行计算机化的求积法以测定内弹性膜(IEL)、外弹性膜(EEL)和管腔的面积。测量支架撑杆处和支架撑杆间的新生内膜和新生内膜厚度。以EEL内的面积作为管面积测量。数据表示为均值±SEM。由于对每只动物测定了两个置入支架动脉,故每只动物具有均值这一事实,所以使用方差分析(ANOVA)进行组织学数据的统计分析。P<0.05被认为具有统计学显著性。
式I化合物例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素通过管饲法口服施用,于支架置入前一天给予1.5mg/kg的负荷剂量,然后从支架置入的当天直至支架置入后的第27天以0.75mg/kg/天的剂量给药。在该模型中,用式I化合物治疗使再狭窄损伤形成的程度明显减轻:例如,用40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素治疗引起新生内膜厚度(减少40%)、新生内膜面积(减少24%)和动脉狭窄百分比(减少26%)的显著(P<0.03)减少,同时腔面积显著增加32%。28天时,在用安慰剂治疗的动物中存在广泛的新生内膜形成,损伤由蛋白多糖/胶原基质中的大量平滑肌细胞和明显的完全内皮愈合组成。在大部分来自用40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素治疗的动物的动脉片断中,内膜愈合良好,以支架撑杆上和撑杆间的平滑肌细胞和内皮组成的密实的新生内膜为特征。扫描电子显微镜分析显示:用40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素治疗的动物的置入支架的动脉(n=4支动脉)有84%的内皮形成。
A3.在大鼠颈动脉支架模型中14天时对再狭窄的抑制作用
使重250至500mg的雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠分笼饲养,手术前使其进行环境适应。所有动物均自由进食标准鼠料和水。组规模为每组12只动物。
药物施用在血管周围进行。用1cm长的硅橡胶管(内径0.25英寸,外径0.47英寸)环绕球囊扩张的颈动脉片断,其上连接有插入含化合物或赋形剂的渗透泵的导管。该递送系统向脉管缠绕部分的外膜提供连续的局部递送。局部药物施用为每天局部施用5μg至10mg,这取决于各个化合物的溶解度特性。
如前所述(Prescott Am.J.Pathol.(1991)139:1291-1296;Clowes等人,(1983)Lab Invest.49:327-333),用2F Fogarty导管剥离左侧颈总动脉的内皮。简言之,以1.5ml/kg的剂量腹膜内施用氯胺酮(50mg/ml)和甲苯噻嗪(10mg/ml)麻醉大鼠。沿中线切开颈部以暴露左侧颈外动脉和颈总动脉。将球囊经左侧外支插入颈总动脉,用盐水膨胀并旋转后拉三次通过管腔以确保最大程度的内皮剥离。然后除去导管,结扎颈外动脉并缝合伤口。手术后立即给每只动物注射抗生素杆菌素(200.000单位/kg)和镇痛剂丁丙诺啡(0.06mg/kg)。
在球囊损伤后14天时处死动物。处死前半小时采集血液、离心并在-20℃下贮存用于分析化合物循环水平。然后静脉内注射5%偶氮蓝以便在组织学处理时区分内皮再生的区域。通过施用过量的氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪将动物处死,回收渗透泵并记录剩余内容物的体积以确保未出现泵故障。
切下颈动脉并浸泡固定,然后转移至林格氏液中。将每支左侧颈动脉的对照蓝色区域的两个样本包埋于石蜡中。每只动物切制最少六片颈动脉切片,间隔20μm,并用维尔赫夫弹性染剂(Verhoff Elastic stain)染色以得到改进的维尔赫夫染色。用计算机控制的成像系统进行内膜和中间面积测定。通过测量内弹性膜、外弹性膜和管/腔界面确定内膜损伤面积和中间面积。
在该试验中,当如以上公开以10至200μg/天的剂量局部施用时,40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素减轻球囊扩张后14天时的新生内膜损伤形成。当40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素与地塞米松(10-250μg/天)或酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或抗炎剂例如吡美莫司联合施用时,获得了相似的良好结果。
A4.对心绞痛患者的治疗
用本发明的支架例如递送具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物的支架对患有心绞痛的25名患者进行治疗。将支架(15mm)给予患者(管径3.0-3.5mm),并排除(discharge)无临床并发症的患者。在4个月和1年时进行的血管造影和IVUS随访时,未检测到显著的新生内膜增生。
在该试验中,当使用递送雷帕霉素或其具有mTOR抑制性质的衍生物与吡美莫司或米哚妥林的支架时,获得了有益效果。
A5.预防或减少与在患者静脉中插入留置导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍
选择经历了在静脉中成功插入留置大孔导管的150名预期透析患者进行研究。将这些患者分为两组,两个组在性别、插入后的血管状况或损伤状况分布方面没有显著差异。一组(约50名患者)接受日剂量为0.75至20mg的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物(下文称为组1),另一组(约100名患者)不接受供试化合物(下文称为组H)。另外,还可以给予患者钙拮抗剂、硝酸酯和/或抗血小板剂。这些药物在插入导管后连续施用3个月。在6个月的观察期中所收集的对比临床数据证明了用雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物例如40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素治疗3个月在预防或减少导管插入后患者的血管通路功能障碍中的功效。
以下实施例用于阐述本发明,但不限制本发明。
实施例1
支架由医用316LS不锈钢制成,包括一系列沿总纵轴排列的圆柱形取向环。每个环由3个连接杆和6个膨胀元件组成。支架被预先安放在递送系统上。将活性剂,即40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素(0.50mg/ml),任选地和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(0.001mg/ml)一起掺入基于半结晶性乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的聚合物骨架中。
实施例2
将支架称重,然后安放涂层。当支架旋转时,将溶于甲醇和四氢呋喃混合物中的聚丙交酯乙交酯、0.75mg/ml的40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素、0.0015mg/ml的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和1mg/ml的酪氨酸激酶C抑制剂的溶液喷洒于支架上。将涂层后的支架从喷雾中取出并进行风干。最终称重后,测定支架上的涂层量。
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂C可以用以下物质替代:紫杉醇、泰素、VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、VEGF受体抑制剂、与VEGF结合的化合物、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂,或抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物。
实施例3
将4片2cm的上述涂层支架置于pH为7.4的100ml磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中。将来自每个系列的另外4片置于100ml聚乙二醇(PEG)/水溶液(40/60v/v,PEG的MW=400)中。将支架片于37℃下在振荡器中温育。每天更换缓冲液和PEG溶液并对溶液进行各种检测,以测定释放的40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素浓度。所述检测可显示:40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素从涂层支架中的稳定释放超过45天。术语“40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素的稳定释放”意指药物释放偏差小于10%。本领域技术人员所用的控释技术可出乎意料地容易地调整所需的药物释放速度。因此,通过选择涂层混合物中适量的反应物,就可能容易地控制雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物涂层支架的生物效力。
Claims (13)
1.药物组合物,其用于稳定需要所述稳定作用的对象的血管中的易损斑块、在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄或在需要透析的对象中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍,包含雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的其衍生物,以及一种或多种可药用稀释剂或载体。
2.雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的衍其生物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于稳定需要所述稳定作用的对象的血管中的易损斑块、在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄或在需要透析的对象中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物或用途,用于与一种或多种活性助剂联用。
4.药物递送装置或系统,其包括i)适于在中空管中局部应用或施用的医疗装置和ii)治疗剂量的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物或雷帕霉素,以及治疗剂量的一种或多种选自以下的活性助剂:具有淋巴细胞耗竭性质的EDG-受体激动剂、COX-2抑制剂、吡美莫司、细胞因子抑制剂、趋化因子抑制剂、抗增殖剂、抑制素、刺激可增强管腔内皮的内皮再生的生长因子生成的蛋白、生长因子或化合物、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂、促生长素抑制素类似物、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂和抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物,均可通过释放附着于递送装置或系统上。
5.药物递送装置或系统,其包括i)适于在中空管中局部应用或施用的医疗装置和ii)治疗剂量的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,以及治疗剂量的一种或多种选自钙调磷酸酶抑制剂和霉酚酸或其盐或其前体药物的活性助剂,均可通过释放附着于递送装置或系统上。
6.根据权利要求4或5的药物递送装置或系统,用于在有需要的对象中预防或治疗平滑肌细胞在中空管中的增殖和迁移或细胞增殖增加或凋亡减少或基质沉积增加。
7.根据权利要求4或5的药物递送装置或系统,用于稳定血管中的易损斑块、在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄或在需要透析的对象中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍。
8.药物递送装置或系统,其包括i)适于在中空管中局部应用或施用的医疗装置和ii)治疗剂量的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物或雷帕霉素,均可通过释放附着于基于导管的递送装置或系统上,用于稳定血管中的易损斑块、在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄或在需要透析的对象中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管相关联的血管通路功能障碍。
9.雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物与吡美莫司、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂或与抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物的组合。
10.在有需要的对象中预防或治疗平滑肌细胞在中空管中增殖或迁移、或细胞增殖增加或凋亡减少或基质沉积增加的方法,其包括局部施用治疗有效量的具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物或雷帕霉素以及一种或多种选自以下的活性助剂:具有淋巴细胞耗竭性质的EDG-受体激动剂、COX-2抑制剂、吡美莫司、细胞因子抑制剂、趋化因子抑制剂、抗增殖剂、抑制素、刺激可增强管腔内皮的内皮再生的生长因子生成的蛋白、生长因子或化合物、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂、促生长素抑制素类似物、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂或醛固酮受体阻断剂和抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统的化合物。
11.稳定需要所述稳定作用的对象的血管中的易损斑块的方法,其包括自药物递送装置或系统中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种活性助剂联用。
12.在糖尿病患者中预防或治疗再狭窄的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种活性助剂联用,或自药物递送装置或系统控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种活性助剂联用。
13.在有需要的对象中预防或减少与插入或修复留置支路、瘘或导管或实际治疗相关联的血管通路功能障碍的方法,其包括向所述对象施用雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种活性助剂联用,或自药物递送医疗装置或系统中控制递送治疗有效量的雷帕霉素或具有mTOR抑制性质的雷帕霉素衍生物,任选地与一种或多种其它活性助剂联用。
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US6805703B2 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2004-10-19 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Protective membrane for reconfiguring a workpiece |
US7025734B1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2006-04-11 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systmes, Inc. | Guidewire with chemical sensing capabilities |
PL371466A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-06-13 | Novartis Ag | N-{5-[4-(4-methyl-piperazino-methyl)-benzoylamido]-2-methylphenyl}-4-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrimidine-amine coated stents |
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2003
- 2003-01-09 KR KR10-2004-7010710A patent/KR20040076278A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-09 CA CA002472198A patent/CA2472198A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2003-01-09 HU HU0402594A patent/HUP0402594A3/hu unknown
- 2003-01-09 PL PL03369671A patent/PL369671A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-09 CN CNA038020807A patent/CN1615137A/zh active Pending
- 2003-01-09 WO PCT/EP2003/000153 patent/WO2003057218A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-09 BR BR0306858-7A patent/BR0306858A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-09 AU AU2003205586A patent/AU2003205586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-09 RU RU2004124387/15A patent/RU2004124387A/ru unknown
- 2003-01-09 TW TW096110369A patent/TW200730152A/zh unknown
- 2003-01-09 EP EP03702413A patent/EP1465624A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-09 JP JP2003557576A patent/JP2005514411A/ja active Pending
- 2003-01-09 TW TW092100418A patent/TW200306826A/zh unknown
- 2003-01-09 IL IL16271903A patent/IL162719A0/xx unknown
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- 2003-01-10 US US10/339,820 patent/US20030170287A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2004
- 2004-06-28 ZA ZA200405118A patent/ZA200405118B/en unknown
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- 2004-08-10 CO CO04077716A patent/CO5601015A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2006
- 2006-02-13 US US11/352,767 patent/US20060127440A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-02-28 RU RU2008107255/15A patent/RU2008107255A/ru unknown
- 2008-08-25 EC EC2008005181A patent/ECSP085181A/es unknown
- 2008-10-01 US US12/242,980 patent/US20090036352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-06 US US12/245,904 patent/US20090043379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-23 RU RU2008150750/15A patent/RU2008150750A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109010931A (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-18 | 上海微创医疗器械(集团)有限公司 | 介入医疗器械及阿非迪霉素的应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20050020614A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
IL162719A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
US20090043379A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
WO2003057218A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
AU2003205586A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
CA2472198A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
RU2008150750A (ru) | 2010-06-27 |
US20060127440A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
NO20043309L (no) | 2004-08-09 |
TW200306826A (en) | 2003-12-01 |
KR20040076278A (ko) | 2004-08-31 |
PL369671A1 (en) | 2005-05-02 |
MXPA04006731A (es) | 2004-10-04 |
US20090036352A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
ECSP085181A (es) | 2008-09-29 |
EP1465624A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
HUP0402594A2 (hu) | 2005-10-28 |
RU2004124387A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
RU2008107255A (ru) | 2009-09-10 |
ZA200405118B (en) | 2005-06-21 |
HUP0402594A3 (en) | 2006-01-30 |
CO5601015A2 (es) | 2006-01-31 |
BR0306858A (pt) | 2004-11-03 |
JP2005514411A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
US20030170287A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
TW200730152A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
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