CN1610578A - 石油馏分的粘度改进 - Google Patents

石油馏分的粘度改进 Download PDF

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CN1610578A
CN1610578A CNA028231414A CN02823141A CN1610578A CN 1610578 A CN1610578 A CN 1610578A CN A028231414 A CNA028231414 A CN A028231414A CN 02823141 A CN02823141 A CN 02823141A CN 1610578 A CN1610578 A CN 1610578A
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oil
petroleum fractions
product
agent
viscosity
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CN1321733C (zh
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T·I·穆迪克里弗
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SC Johnson and Son Inc
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Abstract

一种用于增稠矿物油产品的方法，其中增稠的矿物油产品显示出剪切稀化性，从而适用于借助常压喷雾装置施用到表面上。加入到石油馏分中的所述增稠剂包括选自三嵌段共聚物和烃油组成的混合物以及N－月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺的触变增稠剂。

Description

石油馏分的粘度改进
相关申请
不适用。
联邦政府赞助研究或开发
不适用。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备石油馏分的方法，所述的石油馏分具有改进的粘度，但是其剪切性适合于借助喷雾瓶或泵装置作为喷雾分配。
背景资料
已知石油馏分产品可用于许多产品，包括常见的家用产品，诸如婴儿油和家具上光剂，其与其它作为赋形剂或溶剂的化学品联合使用，但是，也已知这些石油馏分产品如果被摄食或吸入会有高度的危险性。石油馏分的毒性间接地与原料的粘度成正比，具有更高粘度的产品被认为毒性更小。粘度在30至35SUS(赛氏通用粘度秒数)范围内或更低的产品具有非常大的吸入危险性，并且包括诸如存在于家具上光剂中的矿物油的试剂、矿油精、萘和植物油(如菜籽油和胡桃油)。甚至很少量的低粘度原料，一旦被吸入，也可累及肺的大部分并引起化学性肺炎。石油馏分的经口摄入通常产生粘膜刺激、呕吐和中枢神经系统抑制的症状。
因此，对这类产品，诸如石油馏分基的家具上光剂，已经加以了限制，因此在触发喷雾器中的、含有大于10％石油馏分的非乳剂型石油馏分液体家具上光剂产品实际上目前不能合法地出售。因为消费者喜欢借助诸如触发喷雾器或气泵瓶使用这样的液体作为清洁组合物，也许可期望消费者会欢迎在喷雾瓶中的这类含石油馏分的产品作为家具上光剂、清洗油剂等。但是，迄今为止，还没有符合消费品安全委员会(Consumer Product Safety Commision，在下文中为CPSC)要求的、石油馏分组合物在100°F显示出大于100SUS粘度的这类产品。[16 CFR 1700.14(a)(2)]。此外，CPSC最近已经批准了法规，对于大多数油基的家用产品，要求包装不易被儿童打开。这些CPSC的新法规将适用于稀的含水产品，这类产品含大于10重量％烃类，可自由流动，并且在被吞入后可被喝下或吸入。因为较稠的、更粘的液体很少会被喝下，因此这些要求显然不会适用于这类液体。
Thrasher，US5342436，公开了一种液相组合物，其作为密封剂和防护处理剂用于对木材或其它表面的局部施用。该组合物包括分散在矿物油中的石蜡和一种增量剂，以及各种任选的添加剂。可加入增稠剂和增溶剂(如一种挥发性低粘度硅氧烷)，得到奶油状的形式。该组合物可作为家具上光剂施用到木材上，不需要或几乎不需要抛光。该组合物显然具有提高的粘度，并且用海绵、刷子等在表面涂抹施用。
Kasprzak，US4218250，公开了一种上光剂配方，含有蜡和/或一种磨擦剂以及至少一种下述成分：溶剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、耐洗涤剂添加剂、着色剂、增香剂和其它常规的上光剂成分，其中加入了环二甲基硅氧烷液体(一种共聚物)和水。建议在这类上光剂配方中常用的增稠剂是大豆磷脂和甲基纤维素。得到的改进的上光剂含有30-95％的水，是粘稠的非流动性浆状上光组合物，用干布原地摩擦施用，或作为气雾剂上光组合物。因此，该专利的增稠剂用于增稠配方的水成分。
Wantling在US6066201中教导了一种触变乳化蜡组合物，其包括蜡、乳化剂和环烷油(naphthenic oil)。这类组合物含有液体，其在通过泵时借助剪切流动，回到初始状态或在停止剪切时增稠。优选的环烷油在100°F具有粘度40-5000SUS。该专利的组合物含有改性的疏松石腊乳状液，虽然可使用任何合适的烃蜡。典型的蜡包括50％以上疏松石腊和大于40％的水，其余是环烷油、润湿剂、皂体系和其它调节添加剂。在该组合物触变时，没有教导原料可借助触发喷雾瓶施用，并且，事实上，该专利指出了与这种涂刷法不一致的使用方法。再次，该专利的增稠剂是用于水包油乳化液环境中，在蜡乳液中有效。
迄今为止，还没有可通过触发喷雾或泵喷雾装置分配、是不含水的非乳状液配方并且超过CPSC最低粘度要求的石油馏分基家用产品。因此，认为希望提供一种用于增稠石油馏分的方法，从而它们可通过触发喷雾瓶安全地分配。
发明概述
为了实现上述及其它目的，本发明提供了一种用于喷雾施用到表面上的液相石油馏分产品，其中石油馏分液相组合物在100°F的温度静止时的粘度大于100SUS。该组合物使用触变剪切稀化增稠剂以提供在静止时粘度提高的液体。剪切稀化，是指组合物在剪切下变稀薄，粘度降低，并且可因此在喷射时通过喷嘴形成喷雾。如果所述组合物进行剪切稀化，则增稠的石油馏分在触发喷雾器中不能通过喷嘴形成细雾或喷雾。在喷射和撤除剪切后，液体随后在其开始与所喷射的表面接触前增稠到更高的粘度。通过提供这样一种改性的石油馏分产品，本发明还克服了若干常规石油馏分基产品(如含有矿物油或矿油精的产品)所固有的问题，这些产品常用作家具上光剂。这种性质的常规石油馏分产品由于粘度低，倾向于沿垂直面流淌，使得难于擦拭。更重要的是，如果吞入这种粘度较低的石油馏分产品，是有害的。但是，本发明的改进产品在垂直表面上的向下流淌缓慢得多，如果在这个方向上喷雾，其在与人咽喉后部接触前就会变稠。另外，大多数稀薄的矿物油难以作为喷雾从常压容器分配，因为它们分配时可形成液流而不是雾，而本发明的增稠矿物油借助触发喷雾器或泵分配器装置分配时形成的是细雾或喷雾。作为将剪切力施加到所述触变增稠组合物的结果，所述组合物变稀薄，具有更合适的粘度，允许其通过触发喷雾器或泵分配器的喷嘴。在通过喷雾嘴以后，所述组合物随后再度增稠为更粘的液体。本发明的方法包括将有效量的剪切稀化触变增稠剂添加到低粘度石油馏分中，其使得石油馏分适用于家用产品，诸如家具油；家具上光剂和清洁剂；婴儿油；防晒剂；指甲油脱水剂；发油；沐浴油、体油和按摩油；卸妆剂；一些车用化学品，如汽油添加剂、燃油喷嘴清洁剂和化油器清洁剂；清洁溶剂；含矿油精的防水剂；一般家用润滑油；含煤油的枪用清洁溶剂；等。
发明详述
本发明包括将触变增稠剂加入在100°F粘度通常为约50SUS的石油馏分组合物。典型的石油馏分产品包括上述一般用于家用产品的油剂，特别是那些在100°F粘度小于130SUS的矿物油，优选这些矿物油在100°F的粘度小于100SUS。
在这个方面，认为对本发明有价值的增稠剂包括能够为石油馏分提供剪切稀化的增稠剂，其中基本上没有水存在。因此，本发明不涉及用于石油馏分的水包油或油包水乳液，尽管理论上这类增稠剂可对其中水相完全被封在油相中的油包水乳液有效。
被认为在发明中有价值的这类增稠剂非常有限。这类剪切稀化触变增稠剂中的一种是VersagelTM M 1600，一种矿物油/Kraton嵌段三元共聚物，购自Penreco。Kraton是一种市售的热塑性橡胶型聚合物，由Shell Chemical Company出售出售。如US5879694(引入在此作为参考)所述，这种油/共聚物原料在过去已经用于生产凝胶烛，但是目前发现当其在无水条件下与石油馏分混合时，起触变增稠剂的作用。这种嵌段共聚物与烃油(如石蜡油、环烷油、天然矿物油，特别是白油)混合，形成了一种优选的剪切稀化触变增稠剂，用于和无水石油馏分产品一起使用。
另一种合适的增稠剂被认为是N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺，发现其能够将矿物油增稠到一个较高的粘度，同时允许通过一个喷雾施加器将增稠的油喷雾。
这种触变增稠剂用量可以非常少，因为它们添加很少的量就会使石油馏分的粘度迅速上升。例如，向粘度为50SUS的矿物油中添加9.00％的VersagelTM M 1600，迅速得到了粘度180SUS的增稠的组合物。显然，添加过量的增稠剂可能会得到太粘而无法喷雾的组合物，虽然其也具有剪切稀化的特性。通过谨慎地选择适用于任何特定石油馏分的触变增稠剂，可用这样的方式对所选择的石油馏分进行增稠，使其能够由触发喷雾装置喷施到表面，同时在静止时仍然保持高粘度，以便可包装在常规的容器中，而无需采用CPSC要求的特定包装。对于本发明，建议有约0.1-约15重量％的增稠剂存在于增稠的石油馏分产品中。优选，增稠剂应以约0.2-约12重量％、优选约0.2-约9％的量存在。
实施例1
向含有粘度为50SUS的矿物油和一种香料的混合物中加入1.0重量％的触变增稠剂，该增稠剂包括N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺。得到的混合物在室温显示出1900cPs的粘度。然后混合物被放入触发喷雾瓶中，通过启动触发器经喷嘴分配。该组合物作为细雾排出。矿物油和香料的最初混合物置于装有触发喷雾分配器的类似容器中，但是缺少触变增稠剂。当进行分配器的触发动作时，液体作为液流而不是作为喷雾或细雾排出。
实施例2
根据下述表A中所列的配方制备家具上光剂组合物。测量组合物的粘度，测得在100°F为110SUS。将该家具上光剂组合物装入带有触发喷雾装置和喷嘴的喷雾瓶中，喷在桌面上。上光剂作为细雾沉积下来，并且容易地被涂开形成一个均匀的涂层，其干燥后具有高光泽度。将少量上光剂喷在一个表面上，聚积，评价，以及发现其很快地回到高粘度。相反，发现不含所述实例的触变增稠剂的在100°F粘度为60SUS的试验油不能通过相同的触发喷雾装置以及喷嘴作为喷雾分配。
                        表A
    百分比     成分     功能
    80.48     矿物油-50SUS     溶剂/清洁剂
    8.50     VersagelTM M 1600     触变增稠剂
    4.00     d-柠檬烯     清洁剂/溶剂
    5.00     硅氧烷油-粘度20厘沲     上光剂
    1.00     Orange Blast RN-2259     香料
    0.0020     Sandoplast黄F3G     偶氮染料
    0.0002     Cl溶剂红27     染料
    0.0200     BitrexTM溶液(在乙醇中25％)     苦味剂
    1.00     MazolTM PG031K一油酸     表面活性剂/增溶剂
工业实用性
本发明提供了粘度改进的石油馏分基家用产品，如家具油或婴儿油，从而能够用喷雾装置施用。通过将合适的触变增稠剂添加到石油馏分基产品中，能够提供一种粘度提高的液体，其可借助常规的喷雾器和装置喷雾到表面上。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于增加石油馏分粘度的方法，所述方法包括向石油馏分中加入剪切稀化触变增稠剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中触变增稠剂选自由约2％-约30％三嵌段共聚物和约70％-约98％烃油组成的混合物和N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中触变增稠剂包括三嵌段共聚物，并且所述增稠剂构成组合物的约0.1-约15重量％。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中触变增稠剂还包括一种二嵌段共聚物。
5.根据权利要求3的方法，其中石油馏分开始在100°F具有小于约130SUS的粘度。
6.根据权利要求2的方法，其中石油馏分选自矿物油、矿油精、萘和植物油。
7.一种用于增加矿物油粘度的方法，所述方法包括向矿物油中加入有效量的剪切稀化触变增稠剂。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中触变增稠剂选自由约2％-约30％三嵌段共聚物和约70％-约98％烃油组成的混合物和N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中触变增稠剂还包括一种三嵌段共聚物。
10.根据权利要求9的方法，其中触变增稠剂还包括一种二嵌段共聚物。
11.根据权利要求8的方法，其中石油馏分在100°F具有小于约130SUS的粘度。
12.根据权利要求8的方法，其中石油馏分选自矿物油、矿油精、萘和植物油。
13.一种适合用喷雾装置分配的无水石油馏分产品，所述产品包括石油馏分和剪切稀化触变增稠剂。
14.权利要求13所述的产品，其中所述触变增稠剂选自由约2％-约30％三嵌段共聚物和约130％-约98％烃油组成的混合物和N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺。
15.权利要求14所述的产品，其中所述触变增稠剂以组合物的约0.2-约12重量％的量存在。
16.权利要求15的产品，其中所述石油馏分选自矿物油、矿油精、萘和植物油。
17.权利要求16的产品，其中所述石油馏分是矿物油。
18.权利要求16的产品，选自家具油；家具上光剂和清洁剂；婴儿油；防晒剂；指甲油干燥剂；发油；浴油、体油和按摩油；卸妆油；汽油添加剂；燃油喷射清洁剂；化油器清洁剂；清洗溶剂；防水剂；和一般的家用润滑油。
19.权利要求18所述的产品，包括一种家具油，其中所述石油馏分是矿物油，所述触变增稠剂选自由约2％-约30％三嵌段共聚物和约70％-约98％烃油组成的混合物和N-月桂酰谷氨酸二正丁基酰胺。
20.权利要求19的产品，其中所述增稠剂构成产品的约0.2-约9重量％。
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AU2002348377B2 (en) 2008-04-03
KR100612898B1 (ko) 2006-08-14
TWI290168B (en) 2007-11-21
WO2003035243A3 (en) 2003-10-30
AR036923A1 (es) 2004-10-13
US20030083209A1 (en) 2003-05-01
EP1439903A2 (en) 2004-07-28
JP2005507013A (ja) 2005-03-10
BR0213460A (pt) 2004-11-09
MXPA04003785A (es) 2004-07-30
KR20040065210A (ko) 2004-07-21
WO2003035243A2 (en) 2003-05-01
CA2464120A1 (en) 2003-05-01

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