CN1599839A - 用于风力透平发电机的冷却装置 - Google Patents

用于风力透平发电机的冷却装置 Download PDF

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CN1599839A
CN1599839A CNA02810157XA CN02810157A CN1599839A CN 1599839 A CN1599839 A CN 1599839A CN A02810157X A CNA02810157X A CN A02810157XA CN 02810157 A CN02810157 A CN 02810157A CN 1599839 A CN1599839 A CN 1599839A
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阿洛伊斯·沃本
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/185—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/02—Casings or enclosures characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05B2260/224—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
    • F05B2260/2241—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种风能设备，其具有一个环形发电机(16、18)和一个带有一个在该环形发电机的区域内的导热壳体部段(20)的壳体(14)。在迄今为止的已知的解决方案中存在的缺点是，所述发电机的机械振动可能形成噪音干扰。因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是，最大限度地克服这个缺点。按照本发明的风能设备具有一个环形发电机和一个包围该环形发电机的吊舱壳体，其中，所述吊舱壳体在所述环形发电机的区域内具有一个导热的壳体部段并且在所述环形发电机的外周面与所述导热的壳体部段之间设有一个预定间距。

Description

用于风力透平发电机的冷却装置
本发明涉及一种风能设备，其具有一个环形发电机和一个带有一个在该环形发电机的区域内的导热壳体部段的壳体。
在能量变换时通常会发生热能形式的能量损失。这当然也包括在风的动能在一个风能设备的发电机中转化成电能时，其中，这些能量损失通常也在风能设备的主传动线路中形成。在安设在风能设备吊舱中的主传动线路中，大部分能量损失发生在发电机中。
这种损失的热量迄今为止都是在使用一些通风器的情况下排放到周围环境，其中，或者从外部抽取冷空气，或者在风塔内部使热空气循环并通过风塔壁向外排出热量。
从最接近的现有技术DD 256 169已知一种具有一个环形发电机的风能设备，它的定子形状配合地安装在一个所谓的换能器壳体(吊舱)中，而该壳体又装有一些冷却片。
但是在这个已知的解决方案中存在的缺点是，所述发电机的机械振动可能会形成噪音。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，最大限度地克服上述缺点。
上述技术问题在一个开头所述类型的风能设备中按照本发明通过在所述环形发电机的外周面与所述导热的壳体部段之间留有一个预定间距得以解决。
通过所述环形发电机的外周面与所述导热的壳体部段之间的预定间距去除了发电机与壳体部段之间的机械连接，因此所述发电机的机械振动不会传递到壳体的周围并且在外部环境中也不会觉察到。在此，虽然热能必须通过空气传递，但是所述导热的壳体部段对此也可以吸收由发电机首先向侧向辐射的热量并且向外排出。
当所述导热的壳体部段被固定在所述吊舱壳体的一个固定部段上时，就获得了一个极其简便的装配可能性。
为了在排热时增加有效的表面面积，可以在外周面上分布地设置一些沿轴向定向的冷却筋肋。
特别有利的是，所述导热的部段由铝制成，因为铝具有重量轻以及良好的导热性能的优点。其中，在另外一个优选的实施方式中所述导热的壳体部段的形状与所述吊舱壳体的形状相适配。
在本发明的一个优选的扩展结构中，为了还能够首先向周围导出所述发电机向侧面辐射的那部分热量，所述导热的壳体部段在至少一侧超过所述发电机伸出一预定段。
在从属权利要求中还给出了其他一些有利的实施方式。
下面借助于附图详细阐述本发明。附图中：
图1表示一个按照本发明的风能设备的一个简化侧视图，
图2表示本发明的另一种实施方式的简化细节图。
在图1中，附图标记10表示一个风塔的上部段，其承载按照本发明的风能设备的吊舱。该吊舱具有一个前部段12和一个后部段14。
所述前部段12包含一些附带示出的转子叶片11的根部并随所述转子一起旋转。
所述后部段14包括带有其定子16和转子18的环形发电机。所述定子16相应地与所述吊舱的后部段14一样是固定的，而所述转子18通过未示出的转子轮毂与所述转子叶片11一起转动。
在所述发电机16、18的区域内，所述吊舱壳体的后部段14的一段由导热材料、优选铝材制成的部段20设计为与所述发电机间隔一预定的间距。该导热的壳体部段20接受由所述发电机16、18辐射的热量并且将热量散发到从其旁边流过的周围空气中。由于在所述发电机的定子16与所述导热的壳体部段20之间预定的空气间隙，使这两个部件之间不存在直接的机械连接，因此，发电机的振动不会传递到该导热的壳体部段20上，因此外界也不会听到振动的噪音。
因为所述导热的壳体部段20在沿轴向的方向上比所述发电机宽，因此，它也可以接收由发电机16、18首先向侧面辐射的热量并且向外界环境散发。
在所述风塔10的顶部与所述向下指向的转子叶片的根部11之间的区域内，在所述吊舱壳体14的一个导热部段20的外侧面上示出了一个冷却筋肋26。该冷却筋肋26增大了所述导热的壳体部段20的表面面积，因此，还可以更好地向外界散热。这种筋肋26可以设置在所述吊舱壳体的整个(或部分)外周面的外侧和/或内侧，或者设置在内周面上。如果这种筋肋设置在内侧，那么这些冷却筋肋是构成在不是直接位于所述发电机的定子16上方的所述导热壳体部段20的侧面区域中。
图2表示另一种实施方式，其中，所述导热的壳体部段20被划分成两个相互搭接的部段22和24。在此，一个壳体部段12与所述导热的壳体部段20的一个部段22连接，而第二部分吊舱壳体14与所述导热的壳体部段20的第二个部段24连接。在此，所述壳体部段12与所述吊舱壳体14优选由非金属材料、亦即非典型的导热材料、例如玻璃纤维增强塑料制成。
因为这个实施方式所示的风能设备是一个所谓的迎风转子，因此，在风到达所述转接到第二部分吊舱壳体14中的第二段导热的壳体部段24之前，它总是先沿其中连接有导热的壳体部段22的第一部分壳体部段12流动。因此，水分被风从所述部段22、然后经过所述部段24带到风能设备的背面(背风侧)，因此，通过所述部段22和24之间的间隙渗入到吊舱中的水分是微不足道。
当然还可以在所述导热的壳体部段22和24之间设置一些可以阻止水分渗入的密封件。
如果在所述吊舱壳体内是超气压的情况，空气可以通过所述两个部段22和24之间的间隙选出，因此，总是可以防止水分进入吊舱壳体内。
在本发明的这个实施方式中，所述导热的壳体部段22、24沿轴向的尺寸明显大于所述发电机16、18的尺寸，以便于还能够散发向侧面辐射的热量。

Claims (12)

1.一种风能设备，其具有一个环形发电机和一个包围该环形发电机的吊舱壳体，其中，所述吊舱壳体在所述环形发电机的区域内具有一个导热的壳体部段并且在所述环形发电机的外周面与所述导热的壳体部段之间设有一个预定间距。
2.按照权利要求1所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段(20、24)固定在所述壳体的一个固定部段(14)上。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的风能设备，其特征在于，在外周面上设置一些相互间隔并沿轴向定向的冷却筋肋(26)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段(20、22)固定在所述壳体的一个旋转部段(12)上。
5.按照权利要求1所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段沿外周被划分成两段相互分离的部段(22、24)，其中，所述第一部段(22)安置在所述壳体的一个旋转部段(12)上以及所述第二部段(24)安置在所述壳体的固定部段(14)上。
6.按照权利要求5所述的风能设备，其特征在于，在所述导热的壳体部段的第二部段(24)上设有一些冷却筋肋。
7.按照权利要求5或6所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段的第一部段(22)与其第二部段(24)搭接。
8.按照权利要求5至7之一所述的风能设备，其特征在于，在所述第一和第二导热的壳体部段(22、24)之间设有密封件。
9.按照上述任一项权利要求所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段(20、22、24)主要由铝制成。
10.按照上述任一项权利要求所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段(20、22、24)的形状与所述吊舱壳体(12、14)的形状相适配。
11.按照上述任一项权利要求所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述导热的壳体部段(20、22、24)在至少一侧沿轴向超过所述发电机(16、18)伸出一预定尺寸。
12.按照权利要求6所述的风能设备，其特征在于，所述冷却筋肋从外侧和/内侧构成在所述导热的壳体部段上。
CNB02810157XA 2001-05-18 2002-04-18 风能设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1321267C (zh)

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DE10124268A DE10124268B4 (de) 2001-05-18 2001-05-18 Generatorkühlung

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KR100681939B1 (ko) 2007-02-12
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