CN1585989A - 耐水渗透的电缆 - Google Patents
耐水渗透的电缆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1585989A CN1585989A CNA00818285XA CN00818285A CN1585989A CN 1585989 A CN1585989 A CN 1585989A CN A00818285X A CNA00818285X A CN A00818285XA CN 00818285 A CN00818285 A CN 00818285A CN 1585989 A CN1585989 A CN 1585989A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- water swellable
- layer
- water
- swellable layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
- H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
- H01B7/288—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable using hygroscopic material or material swelling in the presence of liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables
Landscapes
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Santoprene201/121-68 W228 | 50 |
ProfaxPF814 | 50 |
WaterlockJ550 | 50 |
挤出机区域 | 温度(℃) |
进料口 | 25 |
螺杆 | 中性 |
区域1 | 210 |
区域2 | 195 |
区域3 | 175 |
区域4 | 160 |
主体 | 160 |
颈段 | 180 |
输送器 | 180 |
模头 | 210 |
轴环 | 170 |
Claims (25)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99125367.5 | 1999-12-20 | ||
EP99125367 | 1999-12-20 | ||
US17161299P | 1999-12-23 | 1999-12-23 | |
US60/171,612 | 1999-12-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1585989A true CN1585989A (zh) | 2005-02-23 |
CN1300804C CN1300804C (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
Family
ID=8239658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB00818285XA Expired - Fee Related CN1300804C (zh) | 1999-12-20 | 2000-12-15 | 耐水渗透的电缆 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7087842B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1243004B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1300804C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR033958A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE344969T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU768890B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0016575B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2394846C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60031794T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2276714T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY124920A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW511100B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001046965A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105849826A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-08-10 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | 轻质且挠曲的抗冲击电力电缆及其生产方法 |
CN105989918A (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-10-05 | 上海新益电力线路器材有限公司 | 一种自弥电缆 |
CN110600180A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 吕俊锴 | 防水复合电缆 |
CN115295212A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽省金鸿电线电缆有限公司 | 一种防潮电缆保护套材料及其加工方法 |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030188879A1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2003-10-09 | Easter Mark R. | Self-healing cables |
WO2004003939A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-08 | Sergio Belli | Impact resistant compact cable |
US20050006135A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2005-01-13 | Kurabe Industrial Co., Ltd. | Airtight cable and a manufacturing method of airtight cable |
EP1649471B1 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2016-09-07 | Prysmian S.p.A. | Continuous process for manufacturing electrical cables |
NZ547567A (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2007-12-21 | Prysmian Cavi Sistemi Energia | Impact resistant cable |
KR101082455B1 (ko) | 2004-11-23 | 2011-11-11 | 프리즈미안 카비 에 시스테미 에너지아 에스 알 엘 | 케이블 제조 방법 |
DE102005006119B4 (de) * | 2005-02-10 | 2008-09-25 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Rollo mit weicher Oberfläche |
US8147739B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2012-04-03 | Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. | Cable manufacturing process |
DE102005019884B3 (de) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-07-13 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Rollo eben zur Umgebungsfläche |
US20060257665A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2006-11-16 | Bennett Ronald G | Barrier-coating layer application method |
DE102005023062B3 (de) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-10-05 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Rollo mit gekrümmter Oberfläche |
US20060269680A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Bennett Ronald G | Method for creating and applying liquid-container barrier coating |
BRPI0520432B1 (pt) * | 2005-07-15 | 2017-11-28 | Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. | "cable" |
DE102005050825B4 (de) * | 2005-10-24 | 2009-02-12 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Flachbahn-Rolloabdeckung |
US7351908B2 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-04-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrical power cable adaptor and method of use |
US7411132B1 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2008-08-12 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Water blocking electrical cable |
US20100047469A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-02-25 | Basf Se | Article, especially cable sheathing, comprising thermoplastic polyurethane and crosslinked polyethylene in adhesive-bonded form |
US8043676B2 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2011-10-25 | High Impact Technology, L.L.C. | Sealing-reaction, layer-effective, stealth liner for synthetic fuel container |
US8387548B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2013-03-05 | High Impact Technology, Inc. | Marine-vessel, anti-puncture, self-sealing, water-leak protection |
US20100285247A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-11-11 | High Impact Technology, L.L.C. | Combined self-sealing, and chemical and visual camouflage coating |
US9481323B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2016-11-01 | Jason M. Hipshier | Flexible interior trim component having a smooth surface |
ES2573329T3 (es) * | 2008-12-30 | 2016-06-07 | Draka Comteq B.V. | Cable de fibra óptica que comprende un elemento de bloqueo al agua perforado |
EP2317525A1 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-04 | Nexans | Electric power cable for medium or high voltage |
US9042693B2 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2015-05-26 | Draka Comteq, B.V. | Water-soluble water-blocking element |
BR112012029512A2 (pt) | 2010-05-12 | 2016-12-06 | Johnson Controls Tech Co | componente de moldutra interior flexível tendo uma superfície de apresentação de pele integrada. |
US8682123B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-03-25 | Draka Comteq, B.V. | Adhesively coupled optical fibers and enclosing tape |
NO20101359A1 (no) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-02 | Nexans | Kraftkabel med laminert vannbarriere |
US9055667B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2015-06-09 | Tangitek, Llc | Noise dampening energy efficient tape and gasket material |
US8692137B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2014-04-08 | Tangitek, Llc | Noise dampening energy efficient tape and gasket material |
US8854275B2 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2014-10-07 | Tangitek, Llc | Antenna apparatus and method for reducing background noise and increasing reception sensitivity |
US8657066B2 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-02-25 | Tangitek, Llc | Noise dampening energy efficient enclosure, bulkhead and boot material |
US8658897B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2014-02-25 | Tangitek, Llc | Energy efficient noise dampening cables |
US9370674B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2016-06-21 | High Impact Technology, Llc | Plural layer, plural-action protective coating for liquid fuel container |
GB201305519D0 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-05-08 | Jdr Cable Systems Ltd | High Voltage Cable |
EP2863397B1 (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2016-05-04 | Nexans | Water barrier for submarine power cable |
BR112017019444B1 (pt) | 2015-03-20 | 2022-01-11 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Cabo de alimentação de múltiplas fases |
US20170021380A1 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2017-01-26 | Tangitek, Llc | Electromagnetic energy absorbing three dimensional flocked carbon fiber composite materials |
US9925863B2 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-03-27 | The Boeing Company | Self-sealing liquid bladders |
US10124664B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2018-11-13 | The Boeing Company | Self-sealing liquid bladders |
US10457138B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-10-29 | The Boeing Company | Self-sealing liquid bladders |
US9950613B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2018-04-24 | The Boeing Company | Use of flaps in fuel bladders to seal punctures |
US9809109B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2017-11-07 | The Boeing Company | Ballooning self-sealing bladders |
DE102017108389A1 (de) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Leoni Kabel Gmbh | Barriereschicht gegen Migration eines Stoffes, elektrischer Leiter, Schlauch, Verfahren zum Fertigen eines beschichteten Kabels oder eines beschichteten Schlauches und Verwendung von Polyethylenfuranoat als Barriereschicht |
WO2019005880A1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. | VEHICLE INTERIOR COMPONENT |
DE102017213441A1 (de) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Leoni Kabel Gmbh | Elektrische Leitung |
CN109385052A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-26 | 江苏亨通光电股份有限公司 | 线缆微束管及微束管线缆 |
KR102604898B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-15 | 2023-11-21 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | 초고압 직류 전력케이블의 시스템 |
EP3924421A1 (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2021-12-22 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Co. Ltd (Borouge) Llc. | Extruded article made of self-sealing polyolefin composition |
FI3973556T3 (fi) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-05-26 | Nkt Hv Cables Ab | Hvdc-virtakaapeli, jolla on kosteussulkukyky |
EP3920194A1 (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-08 | Nexans | A submarine power cable |
Family Cites Families (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1585518A (zh) * | 1967-10-14 | 1970-01-23 | ||
US3683104A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1972-08-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Heat resistant cable |
US3775548A (en) * | 1972-02-24 | 1973-11-27 | Essex International Inc | Filled telephone cable |
US3823255A (en) * | 1972-04-20 | 1974-07-09 | Cyprus Mines Corp | Flame and radiation resistant cable |
US4104210A (en) * | 1975-12-17 | 1978-08-01 | Monsanto Company | Thermoplastic compositions of high unsaturation diene rubber and polyolefin resin |
US4095039A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1978-06-13 | General Cable Corporation | Power cable with improved filling compound |
US4145567A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-03-20 | General Cable Corporation | Solid dielectric cable resistant to electrochemical trees |
FR2487107A1 (fr) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-01-22 | Pirelli Treficable | Procede d'amelioration de l'etancheite longitudinale de cables de telecommunications |
US4631229A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1986-12-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article having a coating prepared from radiation curable poly(vinyl chloride) resin composition |
JPS60150506A (ja) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-08-08 | 日立電線株式会社 | 走水防止型電力ケ−ブル |
ZA86528B (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-09-24 | Himont Inc | Polypropylene with free-end long chain branching,process for making it,and use thereof |
US4703132A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-10-27 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Filling compound for multi-wire conductor of an electrical cable and cables including such compound |
US5049593A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1991-09-17 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Stranded conductor filling compound of low molecular weight polymer and water swellable organic material |
US4963695A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1990-10-16 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Power cable with metallic shielding tape and water swellable powder |
IN169926B (zh) * | 1986-12-11 | 1992-01-11 | Lantor Bv | |
US4867526A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-09-19 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Water resistant communications cable |
SE460670B (sv) | 1988-01-15 | 1989-11-06 | Abb Cables Ab | Termoplastiskt bearbetbar komposition omfattande en matris av ett termoplastiskt polymermaterial och i denna matris foerdelade fina partiklar av ett vulkaniserat gummi samt saett att framstaella kompositionen |
US5010209A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1991-04-23 | Pirelli Cable Corp. | Power cable with water swellable agents and elongated metal elements outside cable insulation |
US5221781A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1993-06-22 | Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited | Filler-incorporated thermoplastic resin composition |
GB9108942D0 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1991-06-12 | Courtaulds Plc | Fibre |
JPH0642336B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-21 | 1994-06-01 | 日立電線株式会社 | 走水防止型ケーブルの製造方法 |
US5281757A (en) * | 1992-08-25 | 1994-01-25 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Multi-layer power cable with metal sheath free to move relative to adjacent layers |
GB2299098B (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1999-06-16 | Campbell Dussek Ltd | Water-swellable compositions |
DE19516970A1 (de) * | 1995-05-09 | 1996-11-14 | Siemens Ag | Kabel mit einer Füllmasse und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
NL1000712C2 (nl) * | 1995-06-30 | 1996-12-31 | Nooren Frans Bv | Toepassing van een preparaat voor isolatie-afdichting en bekledings- doeleinden alsmede werkwijze voor het afdichten van mangatdeksels. |
GB9620394D0 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1996-11-13 | Bicc Plc | Electric power cables |
EP0981821B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2008-12-31 | Prysmian S.p.A. | Cable with impact-resistant coating |
GB9719253D0 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1997-11-12 | Limited | Electric power cables |
PT1042763E (pt) * | 1997-12-22 | 2003-09-30 | Pirelli | Cabo electrico tendo uma camada expandida semicondutora bloqueante a agua |
US6565779B1 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2003-05-20 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Cable semiconducting shield compositions |
US6184473B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2001-02-06 | Southwire Company | Electrical cable having a self-sealing agent and method for preventing water from contacting the conductor |
-
2000
- 2000-12-15 US US10/168,065 patent/US7087842B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-15 CA CA2394846A patent/CA2394846C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-15 CN CNB00818285XA patent/CN1300804C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-15 EP EP00989980A patent/EP1243004B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-15 BR BRPI0016575-1A patent/BR0016575B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-15 WO PCT/EP2000/012769 patent/WO2001046965A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-15 AT AT00989980T patent/ATE344969T1/de active
- 2000-12-15 DE DE60031794T patent/DE60031794T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-15 AU AU26737/01A patent/AU768890B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-12-15 ES ES00989980T patent/ES2276714T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-20 MY MYPI20005978A patent/MY124920A/en unknown
- 2000-12-20 AR ARP000106765A patent/AR033958A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-01-19 TW TW090101323A patent/TW511100B/zh active
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105849826A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-08-10 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | 轻质且挠曲的抗冲击电力电缆及其生产方法 |
CN105849826B (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2017-12-12 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | 轻质且挠曲的抗冲击电力电缆及其生产方法 |
US9947438B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2018-04-17 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Lightweight and flexible impact resistant power cable and process for producing it |
CN105989918A (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-10-05 | 上海新益电力线路器材有限公司 | 一种自弥电缆 |
CN110600180A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 吕俊锴 | 防水复合电缆 |
CN115295212A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽省金鸿电线电缆有限公司 | 一种防潮电缆保护套材料及其加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60031794D1 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
EP1243004A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
AR033958A1 (es) | 2004-01-21 |
CA2394846C (en) | 2010-07-20 |
CA2394846A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
CN1300804C (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
DE60031794T2 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
ES2276714T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
AU2673701A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
MY124920A (en) | 2006-07-31 |
US20040065456A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
EP1243004B1 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
BR0016575A (pt) | 2002-09-03 |
AU768890B2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
ATE344969T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
BR0016575B1 (pt) | 2010-09-21 |
WO2001046965A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
TW511100B (en) | 2002-11-21 |
US7087842B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1300804C (zh) | 耐水渗透的电缆 | |
CN1142557C (zh) | 具有半导性阻水膨胀层的电缆 | |
CN1308964C (zh) | 具有耐冲击涂层的电缆 | |
CN1231924C (zh) | 耐冲击的自熄性电缆 | |
US8772638B2 (en) | Process for manufacturing a cable resistant to external chemical agents | |
CN1820329A (zh) | 用于制造电缆的连续方法 | |
EP1700318B1 (en) | Process for manufacturing a self-extinguishing cable | |
CN107735842B (zh) | 电缆 | |
JP2001527267A5 (zh) | ||
CN1625787A (zh) | 电缆及其制造过程 | |
JP2001006446A (ja) | ケーブル | |
EP1346376B1 (en) | Process for the production of a multipolar cable, and multipolar cable produced therefrom | |
US7465880B2 (en) | Process for the production of a multipolar cable, and multipolar cable produced therefrom | |
RU2319240C2 (ru) | Способ непрерывного изготовления электрических кабелей | |
JPH0757559A (ja) | 耐熱性被覆電線 | |
AU743935B2 (en) | Electrical cable having a semiconductive water-blocking expanded layer | |
NZ504888A (en) | Electrical cable having a semiconductive water-blocking expanded layer |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: PRASSMAN CABLE AND SYSTEM ENER Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PRISSMINE (LUX)II CO.,LTD. Effective date: 20071123 Owner name: GSCP ARSENAL (LUX) II SAAR COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PIRELLI + C. CO., LTD. Effective date: 20071123 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: PIRELLI & C. CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.P.A. Owner name: PRISSMINE (LUX)II CO.,LTD. Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: GSCP ARSENAL (LUX) II SAAR COMPANY |
|
CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: Luxemburg Luxemburg Patentee after: Price Miln (LUX) II Co. Address before: Luxemburg Luxemburg Patentee before: GSCP Arsenal (LUX) II Saar Address after: Milan Italy Patentee after: PIRELLI & C. S.P.A. Address before: Milan Italy Patentee before: PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.P.A. |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20071123 Address after: Milan Italy Patentee after: PRYSMIAN CAVI E SISTEMI ENERGIA S.R.L. Address before: Luxemburg Luxemburg Patentee before: Price Miln (LUX) II Co. Effective date of registration: 20071123 Address after: Luxemburg Luxemburg Patentee after: GSCP Arsenal (LUX) II Saar Address before: Milan Italy Patentee before: PIRELLI & C. S.P.A. |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20070214 Termination date: 20151215 |
|
EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |