CN1582358A

CN1582358A - Trenching method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN1582358A
Application number: CNA018239269A
Authority: CN
Inventors: K·R·凯利; J·格尔赫德
Original assignee: Mastenbroek Ltd
Current assignee: Mastenbroek Ltd
Priority date: 2001-11-13
Filing date: 2001-11-13
Publication date: 2005-02-16
Anticipated expiration: 2021-11-13
Also published as: DK1444405T3; ES2278796T3; KR20040063961A; AU2002214153C1; WO2003044286A1; EA200400669A1; EP1444405B1; DE60125425D1; NO20042420L; PT1444405E; NO338167B1; AU2002214153B2; CA2466940A1; BR0117174A; KR100824099B1; CN1322205C; BR0117174B1; ATE348919T1; DE60125425T2; JP2005509769A

Abstract

Trenching apparatus comprises a cutting device (23), preferably an endless chain cutter, mounted on a prime mover (21) for positioning the cutting device in a trench (18) with the prime mover movable on the ground surface (22) above the level of trench. Where the cutting device is a chain cutter, the boom projects forwardly and downwardly relative to the direction of cutting the trench, and drive means are arranged to drive the chain in a direction to carry the cutting elements upwardly around the distal end of the boom and rearwardly along the upper run (30) of the endless chain cutter (23). In operation the distal end of the chain cutter (23) is positioned against the end face of the trench at the bottom of the trench (18); the prime mover (21) moves the chain cutter forwardly in the trench while operating the chain cutter, so as to produce an undercut (55) in the end face (54) of the trench; and the lifting means (25) lifts the cutting device (23) upwardly from the undercut through the material of the end so as to cut material from the end face of the end face of the trench.

Description

Method for digging and excavating equipment

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for digging and a kind of excavating equipment, this method for digging and excavating equipment all are applicable to and excavate trench in sills, but the present invention is not limited to this.

Background technology

It is known utilizing a prime mover to dig out the used multiple excavation machinery of trench as a truck tractor or one tractor pulling trailer commonly used in soil, and wherein, cutting on the cantilever dug device and be arranged in the trench.Main example is: cut around of becoming horizontal axis to rotate with described trench and dig rotor and be known as the driving cutter, perhaps, dig rotor and be commonly referred to as and be the milling cutter around one or more the cutting that an axis that aligns with the length of cantilever rotates, perhaps, a kind of cutting with long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement dug device and is called as the chain type chopper, and described bracing or strutting arrangement carries a plurality of cutting and digs element and the up path on the cantilever and downlink path and dragged.Be equipped with one at the far-end of cantilever and cut and dig rotor, this cantilever is with respect to the excavation direction of trench and protrude out forward and downwards from prime mover.Under the situation of utilizing the chain type chopper, the chain type chopper is installed on the cantilever usually, and this cantilever is cut excavation to from prime mover downwards and extend back with respect to trench.In a kind of like this arrangement, long support component moves in a direction, like this, cut and dig element and just move downward around the far-end of cantilever, and along mobile than the long support parts downlink path and make progress, travel forward.In the excavator of all these forms, be furnished with a positioner usually and cut the far-end that digs cantilever, thereby change the height that excavates with lifting and reduction.The example of this excavator can find in following patent, for example: CH-A-239498 (Entreprise de Grands Travaux SA) and WO95/13433 (Mastenbroek ﹠amp; Company Limited).

The trench that the excavation machinery of all these forms can satisfy normal edaphic condition usually excavates, but is unsuitable for excavating in rock or other harder geological materials.Dig out trench in harder rock, cutting, adopt big labour intensity method such as percussion tool and explosive usually.

With excavate in the unconnected other field, it is known being used at the tunnel machine that rock is got into the cave, wherein, be known as ball and cut of excavator and cut and dig rotor and on cantilever, protrude out forward, and can move in vertical plane at the pivot on prime mover by cantilever from prime mover.In application, this is cut and digs on the ground that rotor is reduced to the tunnel, prime mover forward so that make cut dig rotor and ground place the tunnel end joined to produce a undercut portions.Then, cut and dig cantilever and on the direction that is making progress under the effect of hydraulic cylinder, pivot, dig that rotor or a plurality of rotor upwards promote and downcut material sheet from the end face in tunnel thereby will cut.This is cut and digs cantilever is to promote under the effect of cutting a power between the ground that digs cantilever and trench.A kind of chain type chopper is provided in a kind of variant of this device, and this chain type chopper is along cutting the up path that digs cantilever and downlink path and trailing to be used for as excavating coal or soft rock around cutting the far-end that digs cantilever.In this machinery, drive in one direction to have and cut the continuous mobile bracing or strutting arrangement that digs cutter, like this, cut and dig that far-end that cutter just centers on cantilever moves upward and move backward along the up path of the support component that moves.The example of the tunnel device of this form can seen that the title of its printed matter is " DOSOC1982 " two cantilever TB600 " " and " DOSCO 1982 " II type heavy duty impact device (MarkII Heavy Duty Dintheader) " " by Hawker Sidley Dosco overseas project Co., Ltd in the promotional literature of nineteen eighty-two printing.

Except the prior art, in EP-A-0080802 (patentee is Wallace), disclosed a kind of machinery that utilizes the driving cutter in rock, to cut out trench.EP-A-0080802 also provides a kind of known trench excavator as prior art, and this excavator has a huge chain saw, and this chain saw is installed on the traction chassis and disposes the tooth of being made by tungsten carbide, and this tooth can amputate stone.But this equipment has following defective: promptly can produce very large resilience along saw, particularly cut under the situation of digging harder rock, so just reduce to cut and dug efficient.This problem mainly is to cause by cutting the long unbraced length of digging arm.Ball also has been discussed in EP-A-0080802 to be cut digging machine and cuts digging machine as used ball in the described tunnel piercing hereinbefore, it is generally acknowledged and carry out other used rocks of surperficial dredge operation to cut digging machine be known, these are cut digging machine and comprise that rotating cutting digs head, and this is cut and digs head and be installed on the end that is attached to the cantilever on the traction chassis pivotly.But it has been generally acknowledged that: these known equipment can not be used to excavate trench, and cut long no supporting cantilever of digging head because they also have to have, and therefore can produce similar vibration problem.

In EP-A-0080802, also disclosed: cut in rock by a kind of machinery is provided and dig out trench and solve an above-mentioned difficult problem, this machinery has pivotable cantilever, have rotating cutting at the far-end of cantilever and dig head and a telescopic control arm, this control arm a movable working platform and and cut to dig between the end of adjacent cantilever and extend, scalable control arm is a hydraulic operation cylinder to dig head moving to cut on a curved path of the rotation of cantilever.Hydraulic cylinder digs head and applies the effect of a power and make mechanical movement cutting, and described power has a main vertical component.Be in operation mechanical positioning and on the trench line, and cantilever transferred and it is contacted with ground.Apply the effect of power and make to cut and dig head and rotate and to dig head by hydraulic cylinder, thereby rock is removed from the front end of trench in a curved path, to move down to cut.Arrange that on the ground of trench a conveyer is to take away building stones.Then cantilever is lifted and with machinery reach to repeat this process.

In general, the position that is connected with cantilever owing to hydraulic cylinder is dug adjacent an increase and is cut the stability of digging head with cutting, therefore, the long vibration that cantilever brought and the problem of resilience are avoidable, like this, if hydraulic cylinder is saved and, then can eliminate and vibrate and the resilience problem by applying the power of digging of cutting than long cantilever.In general, because control arm digs head and apply essential load cutting, and, so just significantly avoided cutting the resilience problem of digging the sword termination because to cut the distance of digging between the head and the strong point shorter.

But just as what mentioned in EP-A-0080802, the machinery of this form also produces a kind of defective, wherein, itself and ground is disengaged mechanical lifting easily cutting the power that Wa Touchu applies.People advise using additional ballast and the surface of installing component of equipment and ground are broken away from, and still, so just dig that head moves and the size of the power that applies has produced restriction in its curved path to making to cut inevitably.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of trench and cut and dig device, wherein: above-mentioned problem can be avoided or reduce to this device.

A kind of method for digging is provided according to the present invention, and this method comprises digs device and is positioned in the trench being installed in cutting on prime mover, and this prime mover can move on the ground on the trench; The end joined of digging device and trench will be cut; Operate this when device moves cut and dig device in a vertical plane with making to cut to dig, dig material to cut from the end face of trench; Wherein, this method comprises digs device and is positioned at the end face that is under the ground level against trench cutting, and moves forward to cut in trench and it is handled when digging device, thereby produces a undercut portions in the end face of trench; And dig device by upwards promoting to cut in the effect of cutting the power that applies between the ground of digging on device and the trench and from undercut portions, and operation is cut and is dug device and dig material to cut from the end of trench in the process that moves upward.

Will be appreciated that: feature of the present invention is aimed at that method of the present invention is provided with, and these features also are applicable to device of the present invention, and vice versa.

Especially, excavating equipment provided by the present invention comprises cutting and digs device; Erecting device, this erecting device is used for digging device and being installed on prime mover and will cutting and dig device and be arranged in trench cutting, prime mover can move on the ground on the horizontal plane of trench, when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench, this is cut and digs device can be to move in the vertical plane at one substantially, digs material thereby cut from the end face of trench; Wherein, this excavating equipment comprises lifting appliance, this lifting appliance be arranged to when the end joined of digging device and trench is cut in operation by cutting apply between the ground of digging on device and the trench one upwards the power of effect upwards promote to cut and dig device; And wherein, this is cut and digs device and comprise the cantilever with long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement, the delivery of this bracing or strutting arrangement is a plurality of cuts and digs element and be stowed on this cantilever along up path and downlink path, this cantilever is mounted to respect to the direction of cutting the anticipation of digging trench projection downwards forward, and drive arrangement becomes to drive continuous bracing or strutting arrangement in one direction, thereby delivering backward to cut upwards and along the up path of bracing or strutting arrangement continuously around the far-end of this cantilever digs element.

The excavating equipment that is provided comprises cutting and digs device in another aspect of the present invention; Erecting device, this erecting device is used for digging device and being installed on prime mover and will cutting and dig device and be positioned at a trench cutting, and prime mover can move on the ground on the horizontal plane of trench, when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench, this is cut and digs device can be to move in the vertical plane at one substantially, digs material thereby cut from the end face of trench; Wherein, this excavating equipment comprises: lifting appliance, this lifting appliance be arranged to when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench by cutting apply between the ground of digging on device and the trench one upwards the power of effect upwards promote to cut and dig device; And control device, this control device is arranged to operate in phase lifting appliance and cuts and dig device, thereby digs device and end face and cut to dig when engaging it is promoted cutting.

Method of the present invention has such advantage: promptly in upwards cutting the stroke that digs, dig the restriction that the power that applies between device and the ground only is subjected to institute's power of producing and applying cutting, and be subjected to cutting the restriction of digging the rising of device feature position not resembling in the prior art and make and cut the situation of digging and be affected cutting following the digging in the stroke of digging device.So just needn't in the parts of the excavating equipment that lifting appliance is installed, arrange auxiliary weight, dig in the stroke cutting,, then can cut and dig if press down lifting appliance on the device cutting to dig.

To provide a plurality of preferred feature of the present invention below.In producing the step of described undercut portions, dig the bottom that device is positioned in trench and engage substantially with end face with cutting.Further preferably, cut and dig on the pivot cantilever that excavation direction that device is installed in relative trench extends forward, and described lifting step moves to cut by the curved path of determining by the pivoting action of cantilever along and digs that device realizes.In a kind of like this layout, preferably, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by along this trench forwards to cutting dig device and and the zone on the isolated ground of pivot axis of this cantilever between apply a power be used for realize.Further preferably, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by along the direction of the axis that is basically perpendicular to cantilever cut dig device and ground between apply a power be used for realize, and upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by in the vicinity of cantilever this cut the far-end that digs device apply a power be used for realize.Be preferably, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by apply along direction with respect to the excavation direction direction forward of trench and vertical direction inclination a power be used for realize.These layouts have increased the stability of equipment and have made it possible to more efficient use and have been applied to the upwards power of effect of digging on the device of cutting.

Dig device although can use many different cutting in embodiments of the present invention, particularly preferably be, cutting the step of digging material from the end face of trench is to dig element and realize by move a plurality of cutting along the up path of long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement and downlink path, this continuous bracing or strutting arrangement is dragged along cantilever, cut and dig element and be driven by this way, promptly cut the far-end that digs cantilever around the end of cantilever along a direction be moved upward and with respect to trench cut excavation to and moved backward along up path.A kind of like this to arrange particularly advantageous be because cut and dig element and engage this undercut portions at the far-end of cantilever along backward direction upwards, thereby dig tooth and earth material and cut to dig and cooperate with each other with lifting force in contacting will making to cut.Under the situation of hard rock, this is cut and digs element and can produce effectively to cut and dig action, wherein in mining process, cut the motion of digging element and lifting appliance move upward and travelling forward of prime mover cooperated with each other.Long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement can also effectively be transported soil, thereby does not need the continuous conveyer or other device that provide independent, and to shift out soil from trench, a kind of conveyer of even now can be arranged on the back of chain type chopper in some cases.

In other layout, cut and dig device and comprise that the cutting of end place that is installed in cantilever dig rotor, and to cut the step of digging material from the end face of trench be to dig rotor and become the axis of lateral alignment to rotate or dig rotor and realize around rotating with axis that the length of trench is aimed at substantially by making to cut around the length with respect to trench by making to cut.

Be provided at a power stroke making progress upward and a recovery stroke in the downward direction even can arrange lifting appliance in a preferred form like this, and the power that produces is greater than the power that produces in recovery stroke in power stroke.

Although lifting appliance can be installed on prime mover in some is arranged, but preferably, this equipment comprises forward spaced apart and be connected thereto and be used for the moving base unit that moves with this prime mover with this prime mover, and this lifting appliance is mounted to cutting to dig between device and prime mover and/or the moving base and applies described lifting force.In a particularly preferred form, the moving base unit is connected to this prime mover by framework, and this lifting appliance comprises and is pivoted to this prime mover and by its pivotal arm that extends forward, at one end be connected to the front end of this pivotal arm and be connected to the pivot linkage that this cuts the beam that digs device, and connect arm and the lifting power source between the framework of a position between two end that is a position between two end at the other end.Preferably this lifting appliance comprises hydraulic cylinder.

According to a particularly preferred feature, this equipment can comprise control device, and this control device is programmed to carry out predetermined operation cycle, wherein:

(i) erecting device will cut dig device in location, the bottom of trench the end face against trench;

(ii) prime mover make cut dig be installed on move forward predetermined distance in the trench in operation cut and dig device, thereby in the end face of trench, produce undercut portions;

(iii) lifting appliance will cut dig the material of device by this end face from undercut portions promote with the time operation cut and dig device;

(iv) mobile backward this of prime mover cut and dug the predetermined distance of device;

(v) this lifting appliance is cut this and is dug the bottom that device drops to trench; And

(vi) repeat previous step.

Base unit can comprise a structure that is installed on the saddle, and this saddle slides when being pushed ahead by prime mover on the ground.In other was arranged, pedestal can be installed on the wheel, or can be installed in some cases on one second prime mover, and this second prime mover is arranged to cooperate with each other with first prime mover moving along trench to cut to dig in the device process.

Description of drawings

With reference to the accompanying drawings, will be described embodiments of the invention by example below, wherein:

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have shown that a kind of known trench described in the EP-A-0080802 cuts the phantom drawing that digs device, and Fig. 2 has shown that cutting of this equipment dig the details of device;

Figure 3 shows that the schematic side elevation that is used to embody a trench excavating equipment of the present invention, this equipment utilization a chain type chopper;

Fig. 3 a is depicted as the lateral view of the far-end of a kind of chain type chopper of using among the embodiment that is suitable in Fig. 3; For clarity sake having deleted side shown in Figure 3 cuts and digs wheel;

The front end of Fig. 3 b presentation graphs 3 apparatus shown, this equipment have cutting of lifting and dig cantilever and be in the different operating stage;

Fig. 3 c is along the C direction of Fig. 3 rear elevation that get, equipment side clamp assemblies shown in Figure 3;

Figure 4 shows that along the look schematic end of front end of resulting device shown in Figure 3 of the A direction among Fig. 3;

Figure 5 shows that the schematic side elevation of the details of the chain type chopper among Fig. 3; Fig. 5 a is depicted as arrow B direction from Fig. 5 part plan view of looking resulting, the lower end of the chain type chopper of presentation graphs 5;

Fig. 6 a programmes with the circuit block diagram of the control device of the scheduled operation of realizing this equipment and the flow chart that Fig. 6 b shows an operation cycle;

Fig. 7 a-7g has schematically shown the series of steps that experiences in service of inventive embodiments shown in Fig. 3-6; And

Fig. 8 has shown the schematic side elevation of another embodiment of the present invention, wherein: cut and dig device and comprise a milling cutter.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have shown at the used a kind of known trench of ditching groove of cutting in sill described in the EP-A-0080802 and cut and dig device.Two tractor chassis 3,5 link together by connecting rod 7, and rear haulage car 3 has one and is pivotably mounted on cutting of 6 places, position and digs cantilever 2.The front end of cantilever 2 has to cut and digs rotor 7, cuts to dig that rotor 7 is driven and around being become a horizontal axis to rotate with respect to cutting the trench that digs.The far-end of cantilever 2 is connected on the front haulage car 5 by a telescopic control arm 8, and telescopic control arm 8 comprises a hydraulic cylinder and the sleeve of the scalable extension that can be connected with cantilever 2 by male part 9.In running, this machinery is positioned and reduces on the line of trench and with cantilever 2 and it is contacted with ground.Dig 7 works that apply a power when rotating by hydraulic cylinder 8 and dig 7 making to cut, thereby rock is removed from the front end of trench in order on a downward curved path, to move to cut.Be furnished with a continuous chain conveyor 4 so that building stones are taken away cutting the back of digging rotor 7.Move forward with cantilever 2 liftings and with machinery then, and repeat this process.

The defective that is produced in this machinery is: be applied to and cut the power of digging on 7 and be easy to front haulage car 5 lifted itself and ground are disengaged.For addressing this is that, at first hydraulic cylinder (hydraulicram) 8 is installed on the heavier independent tractor chassis 5, secondly, can on front haulage car 5 and rear haulage car 3 one or both of, arrange auxiliary counterweight.

In Fig. 3-Fig. 4, shown and a kind ofly be used to embody trench of the present invention and cut the equipment of digging.Generally, provided each parts of the embodiment of the invention that is known in the art among the described in front file EP-A-0080802, but also can be according to the needs of the feature of present device and it is changed.At first with reference to figure 3, be used for cutting the excavating equipment that digs trench and have first prime mover 21 that has driver's cabin 35 at sill or similar item, and the movable base unit 26 that comprises second prime mover that does not have driver's cabin.Each prime mover all comprises traction (crawler) chassis that is used for motion on ground 22.Usually digging device cutting of 23 places, position indication is installed on prime mover 21 by the erecting device by Reference numeral 24 indications.Usually be connected by Reference numeral 25 indicated lifting appliances and cut in the remote area that digs device 23.This moving base unit 26 is connected in and first prime mover 21 by framework 27.This mechanical whole operation is by controlling in the driver's cabin 35 that is arranged in prime mover 21 and by the control device that Reference numeral 34 is schematically indicated.

Now detailed construction embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 is described, cut and dig device 23 and comprise a continuous chain type chopper, this chain type chopper comprises an elongated continuous bracing or strutting arrangement 28 as a chain and drives to cut and dig tooth 29, shows this in greater detail and cut and dig device 23 in Fig. 3 a.Up path 30 and the downlink path 31 and dragged of chain 28 on the cantilever 32.Cut and dig tooth 29 around taking turns 33 in the end of cantilever 32 process.Parts 29 by this way by on take turns 49 and drive, make far-end at cantilever 32, cut and dig element and move upward around the far-end of cantilever, and move backward with respect to the direction of advance of prime mover 21 along up path 30, the direction of advance of prime mover 21 is the indicated direction of directions X among Fig. 3.Fig. 3 a has shown the far-end of cantilever 32 and has shown the installation details of the tooth 29 on the continuous bracing or strutting arrangement 28.Chain type chopper 23 is driven by drive unit, drive unit comprise for example be installed in prime mover 21 or on hydraulic drive motor and go up driving wheel 49.Just as now shown in the disclosed patent application WO95/13433, cutting and dig device 23 can be a chain type chopper generally, although the chain type chopper in above-mentioned open file is to drive with the opposite direction shown in the present embodiment at the volley, therefore, the aligning direction of the tooth in existing open file is opposite with situation among the application.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, cantilever 32 is installed to erecting device used on prime mover 21 24 comprises a pivot 33A who is installed between two installing components, this installing component is installed on the body frame of prime mover 21.Lifting appliance 25 comprises that one is pivoted to this prime mover 21 and by its pivotal arm that extends forward 59 at pivot position 61.A hinge connector 59A at one end is connected to a front end of this pivotal arm 59, cuts the beam 32 that digs device 23 and be connected at the other end.A lifting power source that comprises a hydraulic cylinder 40 is connected between arm 59 and the framework 27.The position of hydraulic cylinder 40 between its two ends is connected to this arm 59, and a position between its two ends is connected to this framework 27.A driven plunger 43 (Fig. 3 b) is extended downwards from this hydraulic cylinder 40, and is connected to this framework 27 at pivot position 44.Cut and dig device 23 and illustrate with solid line a low position in the bases of trench (Fig. 3), and shown in broken lines at a raised position (Fig. 3 b).

In Fig. 3 and 3c, extra selecting is shown is used to stablize the main assembly of cutting the element that digs cantilever 32 of this pivot.Be connected to this and cut that to dig on the cantilever 32 be totally with the side clamp assemblies of Reference numeral 80 expressions.Major component is the transverse hydraulic cylinder of totally representing with Reference numeral 81, and the traffic direction extension of trench perpendicular to prime mover 21 crossed in its extension.Each end place of hydraulic cylinder 81 be the pressure plare 83 of a circle, this pressure plare rests on the inboard of trench.Cutting the improvement stage of digging circulation, this hydraulic cylinder 81 stretches, and grip block 83 outwards is compressed against the side of trench.

Grip block 83 is connected to cantilever 32 by one second clamping cylinder 85 and a pillar that comprises a cylinder 84.This pillar 84 is pivotally connected to the first clamping cylinder 81 and one on the cantilever 32 between the pivotal point 86.The second clamping cylinder 85 be pivotally connected between the end that is this pillar 84 pivotal point 87 and between the pivot on the cantilever 32 88.During the power operation upward stroke of master cylinder 40, clamping cylinder 84 is stretched, so that this motion stabilization, and helps cutting and dig camber line upwards.Be understandable that, when master cylinder 40 upwards acts on a power between cantilever 32 and ground level 22 when, this clamping cylinder 84 is producing a upwards active force between the resting position that acts on this cantilever 32 and side grip block 83 on this cantilever 32, they remain in position by the cylinder 81 of expansion.

As shown in Figure 4, cut the equipment of digging and dig the chain 28, also have the

extension drum

46,47 that extends laterally from the pulley 33 of cutting the far-end that digs cantilever, dig device and cut and dig width of channel thereby widened to cut except that having to cut.It is removable and interchangeable extending drum, so that the width of trench can change by the drum that uses different in width.Fig. 5 a is depicted as and cuts the detailed diagrammatic sketch that digs device 23.Be furnished with a deflector assemblies 48 in the far-end back of cantilever 32, be used to collect by cutting and dig chain 28 and extend

drum

46,47 and cut the fragment that digs.Inwardly towards a middle section guiding, at this middle section place, upwards and backward carried by chain type chopper 23 by fragment with fragment for this deflector assemblies 48.Shown in Fig. 5 and 5a, cutting the top of digging cantilever 32, chain type chopper 23 places fragment on the side discharge conveyer 50 through a top sheave 49 and by a cantilever discharging case 51.

Below with reference to Fig. 7 a-7g and with reference to figure 3-5b the operating condition of embodiment is described especially.Fig. 7 a-7g is depicted as the schematic diagram of the different phase in the cycle of operation.Fig. 7 a and 7b have shown that trench cuts the starting stage of digging.This stage can be undertaken by illustrated mode, or is undertaken by craft, explosive blasting, percussion tool or other forms.But, with reference to figure 7a and 7b, will cut at first and dig device 23 and transfer to ground level 22, cut in manipulation and it is pressed down when digging device.This step can be carried out easily by reversible control lifting appliance 25, and the operation to lifting appliance 25 is described with reference to figure 3-5a above.Shown in Fig. 7 b, so just cut and dig out a trench initial part with curved end 54.In the step shown in Fig. 7 a and 7b, cutting and digging device 23 is to dig according to promptly cutting in downward storke of operating of the mode that the known mechanical among the EP-A-0080802 is set.Another kind of scheme is that a starter hole can be passed through other common modes, as settings such as boring, explosion or drilling hammers.

Shown in Fig. 7 c, next procedure is: cut in operation and prime mover 21 is driven forwards when digging device 23, thereby produce a undercut portions 55 in the end face 54 of trench.Following step is: as shown in FIG. 3 such handled lifting appliance 25 and made to cut and dig device 23 and upwards pivot from undercut portions 55 with regard to example, handles simultaneously to cut and digs device 23 and dig material to cut from the end of trench 54.Shown in detail that in Fig. 5 above-mentioned cutting dig operation, in Fig. 5, dug down utilizing lifting appliance 25 to make to cut to dig in the process that device 23 moves upward material 56 cut from end face 54.So just produced the new end face 54 of the trench shown in Fig. 7 d.When finishing, shown in Fig. 7 e, dig device 23 and transfer bottom 19 to trench 18 with cutting in this stage.Then by manipulation cut dig device and resemble shown in Fig. 7 f move forward prime mover and repeat this process to produce a new undercut portions 55.At last, dig device 23 and upwards promote from undercut portions 55 once more and dig out a new end face 54, just as shown in Fig. 7 g to cut with cutting.

The main advantage of the invention described above embodiment is: dig upwards cutting of device 23 and dig in the stroke cutting, dig the restriction that the power that applies between device 23 and the ground 22 only is subjected to the power that produced by lifting appliance 25 by mobile foundation 26 cutting, and do not resemble the potential restriction of floating that is subjected to pedestal 25 device illustrated in figures 1 and 2 and makes progress (cutting among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 dug the influence of the down stroke that is subjected to cutting the equipment of digging) from ground.Like this, dig in the stroke cutting,, then needn't in the parts of the excavating equipment that lifting appliance is installed, provide too many weight if press down lifting appliance on the device cutting to dig.

Cutting of undercut portions 55 dug also produced other advantage.Because cutting cutting of the far-end that digs device 23, to dig the zone very limited, and owing to cut in undercut portions that prime mover 21 moves forward in the process of digging, like this, compare with the difficulty that enters sill in the stroke that digs to incision from the top down, the present invention has eliminated the problem that is difficult to cut than hard rock substantially.The generation of this advantage be because contact with hard rock cut the far-end that drilling tool or tooth are limited in beam.In the known arrangement of EP-A-0080802, chain type chopper whole cut the face of digging will with to cut the rock that digs and contact.In an embodiment of the present invention, useful power can concentrate on several Work tools, makes the more power of each tool applications.

Referring now to Fig. 6 a and 6b,, will the frame route map of Fig. 6 a and the flow chart of Fig. 6 b be described.In Fig. 6 a, control device 34 is expressed as and comprises a microprocessor 90, and it admits the information from a series of sensors, a clamping sensor 91 that schematically shows (being used for responding to) when the sidewall of clamp assemblies 80 relative trenches is fixed on the position; Clamping operation sensor 92 (being used to respond to the degree of the operation of clamping cylinder 81 and 85); Engine load control sensor 93 (be used to respond in the stage of each circulation and place load on this engine); Cut for one and dig depth transducer 94 (be used to respond to cut dig cutting of device 23 dig the degree of depth); Cut for one and dig degree of depth reference sensor 95 (maximum that is used to respond to the reference plane of the relative needs of this equipment is cut and dug the degree of depth); And forward/drawback movement sensor 96 (being used to survey two directions of motion of drawing chassis of this

prime mover

21 and 26).This microprocessor is also connected to operator's control module 97, and this control module makes the operator to set to be used for the requirement of seven functions of this equipment, and these seven functions are for example as described below:

1. travel forward;

2. drawback movement;

3. maximum is cut and is dug the degree of depth;

4. minimum is cut and is dug the degree of depth;

5. excavate the clamper ON/OFF;

6. system's ON/OFF;

7. manual.

The operation of this equipment in a predetermined automatic operation cycle be in conjunction with the program circuit of Fig. 6 b, and carrying out following operation in normal the use.At first, with mechanical manual operation to its position.Then, in order in unreclaimed sill, to cut the first of digging trench, this is cut and digs device 23 and be reduced to this surface, cut simultaneously and dig the required degree of depth, this degree of depth both can determine by hand also and can have been determined by a reference signal that for example provides by a laser instrument, as disclosed patent application No.WO95/13433 formerly be as described in.Select operation automatically then.In step 1 and 2, this equipment moves forward one and presets distance.Proal speed is dug load control and balance automatically between power and the useful engine power by being controlled at required cutting, to guarantee maximum performance.When reach this preset apart from the time, travel forward and will stop, and a signal will automatically be delivered to lift cylinder 40.In step 3 and 4, lift cylinder 40 will promote this and cut the equipment of digging upwards, cut the front of digging trench simultaneously.This upward speed will be controlled automatically by load control, and required the cutting of balance dig power and useful engine power, cut the equipment of digging up to this and reach one and preset distance (minimum of setting about reference plane is cut and dug the degree of depth).In step 5 and 6, this machinery presets distance for one and oppositely moves.Afterwards, in step 7 and 8, lift cylinder 40 is cut the equipment of digging with this and is reduced to the degree of depth that had before presetted downwards.If the operator wishes to stop subsequently, then manually stop decision one of step 9 input.If do not stop, just the step 1 from the front repeats this circulation.

For enhanced stability, cut simultaneously in the surface of digging trench, increase clamp assemblies 80, this clamp assemblies is clamped between the side of trench.Control device 34 can be expanded, thereby also controls the operation of this clamp assemblies.Cut dig that cantilever descends and should machinery counter motion process in, this device will discharge and regain, and travels forward and upwards cut in the process of digging cutting the digging machine structure, this device is with clamping and offer help.The also operation automatically in this mechanical operating sequence of this device.The manipulation of this machinery both can manually have been carried out also can carrying out automatically by the signal from the line that for example presets, circuit or laser instrument.The vertical topography of trench can be adjusted by an oblique system of inclination that is configured in this mechanical tracks framework.

With reference to figure 8, to be described an alternative embodiment of the invention below, wherein: utilize a chain type chopper among milling cutter replacement Fig. 1-6, this milling cutter comprises being installed in to be cut of digging on the cantilever far-end and cuts and dig rotor, and this is cut and digs that rotor is driven and rotate around an axis along the length direction of cantilever.Adopt identical reference marker to indicate with foregoing parts corresponding components.In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, cut and dig device 23 and comprise cutting for one and dig cantilever 32 that this is cut and digs the milling cutter 71 that cantilever 32 has the far-end that is installed in cantilever.In the back of milling cutter 71 continuous conveyor 73 is installed and cuts the fragment that digs to remove by milling cutter 71.In illustrated embodiment, the moving base 26 of this equipment moves on track 72.The total structure of milling cutter 71 and fragment conveyer 73 and operation are just as given among the prior art EP-A-0080802.Fig. 3 of REFERENCE TO RELATED-the 7 and total structure of the lifting appliance among Fig. 8 25 and the overall operation situation of operation and excavating equipment are described above.In another was arranged, the conveyer 73 of Fig. 8 embodiment can use with the chain type chopper of Fig. 3-5b.

Except overall creative feature of setting forth in the preface part of presents, also one of the present invention preferable aspect a kind of like this method of excavation is provided, this method is included in this and cuts and dig device and upwards cut and dig in the motion process, engages the side of trench and cut to dig to produce on the device at this by the side member by this equipment to act on side member and cut the upwards active force that digs between the device and stablize this and cut and dig upwards cutting of device and dig motion.Be preferably, this method is included in this and cuts and dig device and upwards cut and dig the side that in the motion process side member outwards is pressed against trench.

Also one of the present invention preferable aspect excavating equipment is provided, excavating equipment according to the present invention comprises cutting from this and digs device and extend rearward to stabilizing component, is used to stablize this and cuts and dig upwards cutting of device and dig motion.This stabilizing component comprises side member, it is suitable for digging device and upwards cutting and dig in the motion process side that engages trench cutting, with a linkage that has power, it is connected to this with side member and cuts to dig device and be arranged to and dig device and upwards cut to dig in the motion process to cut to dig to produce on the device at this and act on side member and cut the upwards active force that digs between the device cutting.Be preferably, this stabilizing component comprises a cross member that has power, and this cross member digs device and upwards cuts and dig the side that in the motion process side member outwards is pressed against trench extending between the side member and be arranged to cut at this.

Claims

1. method for digging, it comprises:

Dig device and be positioned in the trench being installed in cutting on prime mover, this prime mover can move on the ground on the trench;

The end joined of digging device and trench will be cut; With

Make to cut to dig and operate this when device moves cut and dig device in a vertical plane, dig material to cut from the end face of trench;

Wherein, this method comprises:

Dig device and be positioned at the end face that is under the ground level against trench cutting, and in trench, move forward to cut and it is handled when digging device, thereby in the end face of trench, produce a undercut portions; And

Dig device by upwards promoting to cut, and operation is cut and is dug device and dig material to cut from the end of trench in the process that moves upward in the effect of cutting the power that applies between the ground of digging on device and the trench and from undercut portions.

2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in producing the step of described undercut portions, digs the bottom that device is positioned in trench and engages substantially with end face cutting.

3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, cut and dig on the pivot cantilever that excavation direction that device is installed in relative trench extends forward, and described lifting step moves described cutting by the curved path of determining by the pivoting action of described cantilever along and digs that device realizes.

4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by along this trench forwards to cutting dig device and and the zone on the isolated ground of pivot axis of this cantilever between apply a power be used for realize.

5. according to claim 3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by along the direction of the axis that is basically perpendicular to cantilever cut dig device and ground between apply a power be used for realize.

6. according to claim 3,4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by in the vicinity of cantilever this cut the far-end that digs device apply a power be used for realize.

7. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, upwards promote cut the step of digging device be by apply along direction with respect to the excavation direction direction forward of trench and vertical direction inclination a power be used for realize.

8. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, cutting the step of digging material from the end face of trench is to dig element and realize by move a plurality of cutting along the up path of long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement and downlink path, this continuous bracing or strutting arrangement is dragged along cantilever, cut and dig element and be driven by this way, promptly cut the far-end that digs cantilever around the end of cantilever along a direction be moved upward and with respect to trench cut excavation to and moved backward along up path.

9. according to each described method among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, cut and dig device and comprise that the cutting of end place that is installed in cantilever dig rotor, and to cut the step of digging material from the end face of trench be to dig rotor and become the axis of lateral alignment to rotate around the length with respect to trench to realize by making to cut.

10. according to each described method among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, cut and dig device and comprise that the cutting of end place that is installed in cantilever dig rotor, and to cut the step of digging material from the end face of trench be to dig rotor and realize around rotating with axis that the length of trench is aimed at substantially by making to cut.

11. an excavating equipment, it comprises:

Cut and dig device;

Erecting device, this erecting device is used for digging device and being installed on prime mover and will cutting and dig device and be arranged in trench cutting, prime mover can move on the ground on the horizontal plane of trench, when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench, this is cut and digs device can be to move in the vertical plane at one substantially, digs material thereby cut from the end face of trench;

Wherein, this excavating equipment comprises lifting appliance, this lifting appliance be arranged to when the end joined of digging device and trench is cut in operation by cutting apply between the ground of digging on device and the trench one upwards the power of effect upwards promote to cut and dig device; And

Wherein, this is cut and digs device and comprise the cantilever with long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement, the delivery of this bracing or strutting arrangement is a plurality of cuts and digs element and be stowed on this cantilever along up path and downlink path, this cantilever is mounted to respect to the direction of cutting the anticipation of digging trench projection downwards forward, and drive arrangement becomes to drive continuous bracing or strutting arrangement in one direction, thereby delivering backward to cut upwards and along the up path of bracing or strutting arrangement continuously around the far-end of this cantilever digs element.

12. equipment according to claim 11 is characterized in that, lifting appliance is mounted to along the excavation direction direction forward with respect to trench and in use applies a lifting force with the direction that vertical direction tilts.

13. according to claim 11 or 12 described equipment, it is characterized in that, cut and dig device and be installed on the pivot cantilever that extends forward with respect to the direction of the anticipation of excavating trench, and described lifting appliance is arranged to move this along the curved path of determining by the pivoting action of this cantilever and cuts and dig device.

14. equipment according to claim 13 is characterized in that, lifting appliance be mounted to along be basically perpendicular to cantilever axis direction cut dig device and ground between apply lifting force.

15., it is characterized in that described lifting appliance is installed in such position according to claim 13 or 14 described equipment, so that this is cut the far-end that digs device and applies lifting force in the vicinity of cantilever.

16., it is characterized in that it comprises and be used on the ground on the horizontal plane of trench prime mover of moving according to each described equipment among the claim 11-15, this is cut and digs device and be installed on this prime mover, is used for moving along trench.

17. equipment according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, it comprises forward spaced apart and be connected thereto and be used for the moving base unit that moves with this prime mover with this prime mover, and this lifting appliance is mounted to cutting to dig between device and prime mover and/or the moving base and applies described lifting force.

18. equipment according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, described moving base unit is connected to this prime mover by framework, and this lifting appliance comprises and is pivoted to this prime mover and by its pivotal arm that extends forward, at one end be connected to the front end of this pivotal arm and be connected to the pivot linkage that this cuts the beam that digs device, and connect arm and the lifting power source between the framework of a position between two end that is a position between two end at the other end.

19., it is characterized in that this lifting appliance comprises hydraulic cylinder according to each described equipment among the claim 11-18.

20. according to each described equipment among the claim 11-19, it is characterized in that it comprises control device, this control device is programmed to carry out predetermined operation cycle, wherein:

(vi) repeat previous step.

21. an excavating equipment, it comprises:

Cut and dig device;

Erecting device, this erecting device is used for digging device and being installed on prime mover and will cutting and dig device and be positioned at a trench cutting, and prime mover can move on the ground on the horizontal plane of trench, when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench, this is cut and digs device can be to move in the vertical plane at one substantially, digs material thereby cut from the end face of trench;

Wherein, this excavating equipment comprises:

Lifting appliance, this lifting appliance be arranged to when cutting the end joined of digging device and trench by cutting apply between the ground of digging on device and the trench one upwards the power of effect upwards promote to cut and dig device; And

Control device, this control device are arranged to operate in phase lifting appliance and cut and dig device, thereby dig device and end face and cut to dig when engaging it is promoted cutting.

22. equipment according to claim 21 is characterized in that, this control device is programmed to carry out predetermined operation cycle, wherein:

(vi) repeat previous step.

23. according to claim 21 or 22 described equipment, it is characterized in that, this is cut and digs device and comprise the cantilever with long continuous bracing or strutting arrangement, the delivery of this bracing or strutting arrangement is a plurality of cuts and digs element and be stowed on this cantilever along up path and downlink path, this cantilever is mounted to respect to the direction of cutting the anticipation of digging trench projection downwards forward, and drive arrangement becomes to drive continuous bracing or strutting arrangement in one direction, thereby delivering backward to cut upwards and along the up path of bracing or strutting arrangement continuously around the far-end of this cantilever digs element.

24., it is characterized in that this is cut and digs device and comprise that the cutting of far-end that is installed in cantilever dig rotor according to claim 21 or 22 described equipment, this rotor is used for around becoming an axis of lateral alignment to rotate with the length of cantilever.

25., it is characterized in that this is cut and digs device and comprise cutting for one of the far-end that is installed in cantilever and dig rotor according to claim 21 or 22 described equipment, this rotor is used for around rotating with a axis that the length of cantilever is aimed at substantially.

26. according to each described method among the claim 1-10, it is characterized in that its step comprises cutting by the side that is engaged trench by the side member (83) of this equipment and at this digs upwards excavating in the motion process of device (23) and cut at this and to dig device (23) and go up to produce and act on this side member (83) and this and cut the upwards power of effect of digging between the device (23) and stablize this and cut and dig upwards excavating of device (23) and move.

27. method according to claim 26 is characterized in that, its step be included in this cut dig device (23) upwards excavate the side that in the motion process side member (83) outwards is pressed against trench.

28. according to each described equipment among the claim 11-25, it is characterized in that it comprises stabilizing component (80), this stabilizing component is cut from this and is dug device (23) and extend back, be used to stablize this and cut the upwards excavation motion of digging device (23), this stabilizing component (80) comprising:

Be suitable for cutting the side member (83) that upwards excavates the side of joint trench in the motion process that digs device (23) at this; And

The linkage that has power, this linkage connects side member (83) and cuts and dig device (23), and is arranged to cut in the process that moves upward of digging device (23) to cut at this at this dig device (23) and go up to produce and act on this side member (83) and this cuts the power that makes progress and act on of digging between the device (23).

29. equipment according to claim 28, it is characterized in that, stabilizing component comprises the cross member (81) that has power, this cross member extends between side member (83), and be arranged to this cut dig device (23) upwards excavate the side that in the motion process side member (83) outwards is pressed against trench.