CN1580640A - 燃烧器 - Google Patents

燃烧器 Download PDF

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CN1580640A
CN1580640A CN200410058833.XA CN200410058833A CN1580640A CN 1580640 A CN1580640 A CN 1580640A CN 200410058833 A CN200410058833 A CN 200410058833A CN 1580640 A CN1580640 A CN 1580640A
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plate
periphery
shell
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assembly according
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S·W·伯德
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RTX Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/60—Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03042—Film cooled combustion chamber walls or domes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03044—Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

一燃烧器热屏蔽板相对于一燃烧器外壳固定住，以便在板外表面的主要区域上将板外表面保持与外壳内表面相隔开并朝向外壳内表面。一间隙沿着热屏蔽的周边的至少一主要部分形成于热屏蔽外表面与外壳内表面之间。

Description

燃烧器
技术领域
本发明涉及燃烧器，尤其涉及燃气轮机的热屏蔽板。
背景技术
燃气轮机燃烧器可呈现若干形式。一类示侧燃烧器的特征在于一环形燃烧室，该环形燃烧室具有燃料和空气所用的前/上游入口和用于将燃烧产物引至发动机的涡轮部段的尾部/下游出口。一示例燃烧器的特征在于从一前隔壁向尾部延伸的内、外壁，其中安装有旋转器以便用于引入进入气体和燃料。示例壁为双层结构，具有一内部热屏蔽和一外部外壳。热屏蔽可分段形成，例如，每个壁的特征在于一阵列的段，两段或三段沿纵向，而八至十二段沿圆周方向。为了冷却热屏蔽段，空气通过各段中的孔从外部引入至内部。这些孔可以相对于纵向和圆周方向成一角度，以便沿内表面产生带有额外的所需动态性能的薄膜冷却作用。这种冷却空气可通过位于热屏蔽板和外壳之间的空间引入，然后又可通过外壳中的孔引入至该空间中。
示例热屏蔽构造示于美国专利5,435,139和5,758,503中。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面涉及一燃烧器热屏蔽板。多个冷却气体通道具有位于板外表面上的入口和位于板内表面上的出口。多个螺柱从外表面延伸并且具有末端带螺纹部分。多个支座具有用于接合一安装表面并且伸出距离比任何周边轨道的伸出至少大0.2mm的末端表面，其中周边轨道延伸过板的周边的长度的至少20％。
在各种实施方式中，每个支座可以形成为围绕着一个相关螺柱的一部分的环或者销阵列。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一燃烧器热屏蔽板和外壳的组合体。外壳具有多个冷却气体通道，这些冷却气体通道具有位于外壳外表面上的入口和位于外壳内表面上的出口。利用装置将板固定于外壳上，以便在板外表面的主要区域上将板外表面保持与外壳内表面相隔开并朝向外壳内表面。一间隙沿着周边的至少一主要部分形成于板外表面与外壳内表面之间。
在各种实施方式中，间隙可以环绕着整个周边延伸。一轨道可在周边的12.7mm内沿着间隙的主要部分朝向外壳延伸。轨道可以环绕着整个周边延伸。板外表面可没有一沿着间隙的主要部分朝向外壳延伸的周边轨道。间隙沿着周边的大部分可具有至少0.2mm的高度。这种装置可包括多个螺柱并且热屏蔽和外壳可在超出螺柱轴线12.7mm内的区域的位置不接触。
以下在附图和描述及权利要求中对本发明的一个或更多实施例的详细情况进行说明。
附图说明
图1为一种气轮机燃烧器的壁的部分纵向剖面图。
图2为热屏蔽板的结构设置的展平图。
图3为一种气轮机燃烧器的另一种替换的壁的部分纵向剖面图。
在各个图中，相同的参考数字和标示表示相同的元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一燃烧器壁20的一个示例部分(给定燃烧器构型的内侧壁的尾部)。壁20包括一外部结构外壳22和一朝向燃烧器内部或燃烧室26的内部热屏蔽24。图中示出了两个示例热屏蔽板28和30。在一种三排阵列的示例实施方式中，第一板28可位于第二排中而第三板30可位于第三或尾部/后部排中。参看第一板28，每个板具有一内表面32和一外表面34。外壳22具有内、外表面36和38。板28利用多个从板外表面34延伸的螺柱40安装于外壳22上。在一个示例实施例中，板的主体部分42例如由金属铸造而一体地形成。示例螺柱40可与其一体地形成，可通过例如将根部44压配合于主体42的孔/槽中而非一体地整体式形成，或者可以通过其它方式相对于主体固定。示例螺柱具有延伸出外壳外表面之外并承载着螺母48的带螺纹末端部46。螺母接合着外壳外表面并且多个支座50接合着外壳内表面以便固定着板，使其外表面34与板内表面处于紧密相对并相隔开的关系。示例支座50与主体42一体式形成为围绕着相关螺柱的相关部分的环形环的形式。替代方案的支座也可形成为一阵列(例如一圆形圈)的销的形式，其中每个销的直径小于相关螺柱的直径。环50的末端边缘52承靠于外壳内表面36上并且将螺柱40保持于张力状态，以便使屏蔽外表面34保持着朝向外壳内表面36并与其相间隔开的状态，从而在其间限定一环形冷却室60。
可以将冷却空气引入室60中以便冷却屏蔽。空气可首先通过外壳中的孔64从邻近外壳外表面38的空间62引入室60中。示例孔64基本上垂直于表面36和38并且可通过钻孔、铸造或者其它加工方法来形成。孔64的位置和方位可有利地进行设置以便引导经过其中的空气射流400冲击于屏蔽外表面34的完好部分上，从而提供对屏蔽的初始局部冷却作用。屏蔽自身有利地具有位于表面34与32之间的孔以便用于将空气从室60引导至室26。这些孔可有利地沿纵向并沿圆周方向相对于表面34和32成一角度。这种角度增大了用于由经过其中的空气射流402增加冷却的表面积。纵向部件使这些流与燃烧气体的全部内部流404有效地合并，并且使来自射流402的空气保持沿着表面32流动以便进一步提供对表面的薄膜冷却。圆周方位的部件可用于多种目的，例如局部冷却处理。
示例屏蔽板28具有一沿着周边或紧靠其(例如，位于12.7mm之内)的轨道74，轨道74环绕着周边76从外表面34延伸并且具有一末端边缘表面78。一间隙80形成于边缘78和外壳外表面36之间并且高度为H。间隙高度有利地为位于表面34和36的主要部分之间的室60的高度的一相当大的部分(例如大于25％，或更窄的40％-90％或50％-70％)。示例绝对间隙高度为0.2-2.0mm，或者更窄的0.4-1.5mm，或更窄的0.6-1.0mm。在其它无轨构型中，其它示例高度为0.5-5.0mm，或者更窄的1.0-2.0mm。间隙和其它尺寸可以在发动机停止运行并且变冷时测量。间隙能有效地容许环绕着周边的冷却流从室60流至室26。图2示出了环绕着周边的前、后边缘部分(图2中所示的侧向部分414)的示例流部分410和412。图2示出了板的局部结构设置，其中第二排板相对于第三排交错排列。
在确定孔64和70的尺寸、位置和方位时，可以利用各种众所周知的设计依据。其它设计依据包括轨道的伸出进而间隙80的高度H。较小的间隙高度将会使通过孔70来自室60的流偏向，而较大的高度将会使环绕着周边的流(在图3的实施例120中总体示出的最大流情况，其中没有轨道)偏移。边缘和间隙不需要均匀一致，而是可以沿着周边变化以便得到所需的周边冷却分布。
在示例实施例中，支座50比较高度地局部集中于螺柱处(例如，与外壳具有的接触面积位于螺柱轴线510的较小半径范围内，例如位于12.7mm内，或者更窄的5.0mm范围内)。最小的情况可能涉及将支座形成为螺柱上的肩部。然而，通过将它们稍稍间隔开以便在螺柱与环之间形成一环形室90，就使得局部集中的冷却空气能够按照与室60相似或者不同的方式引入并调整。另外，环可以提供额外的表面积来进行热传输，或者室90可包含围绕着螺柱的绝热体。支座可以与现有技术的支座相比，现有技术的支座呈与外壳完全接触的全周边轨道形式。这种全轨道/支座在某些情况下可能具有许多缺点。其可能会导致较高的板质量，这既是由于轨道/支座的质量，又是由于传递轨道/支座与安装螺柱之间的接合力所需的主体质量增大。而且，质量可能会增大所需的冷却作用。这种轨道/支座还可能会限制周边冷却中的灵活性或者增大板之间的滞流区域，在这里热燃烧气体可能会造成过度加热和腐蚀。
以上描述了本发明的一个或更多实施例。然而，应当理解，在不超出本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本发明作出多种改动。例如，当应用作对已有燃烧器的改型时，已有燃烧器的详细情况将会影响特定实施方式的详细情况。因此，其它实施例也在以下权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃烧器热屏蔽板，包括：
一内表面；
一外表面；
多个具有位于外表面上的入口和位于内表面上的出口的冷却气体通道；
多个从外表面延伸并且具有末端带螺纹部分的螺柱；以及
多个支座，其具有用于接合一安装表面并且伸出距离比任何周边轨道的伸出至少大0.2mm的末端表面，其中周边轨道延伸过板的周边的长度的至少20％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板，其特征在于，
每个支座形成为围绕着一个相关螺柱的一部分的环或者销阵列。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板，其特征在于，
所述距离为至少0.4mm以上。
4.一种燃烧器热屏蔽板和外壳的组合体，包括：
一热屏蔽板，其包括：
一内表面；
一外表面；
一周边；
多个具有位于板外表面上的入口和位于板内表面上的出口的冷却气体通道；
一外壳，包括：
一内表面；
一外表面；
多个具有位于外壳外表面上的入口和位于外壳内表面上的出口的冷却气体通道；以及
将板固定于外壳上的装置，便于在板外表面的主要区域上将板外表面保持与外壳内表面相隔开并朝向外壳内表面，一间隙沿着周边的至少一主要部分位于板外表面与外壳内表面之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合体，其特征在于，间隙环绕着整个周边延伸。
6.根据权利要求4所述的组合体，其特征在于，板外表面具有一轨道，其在周边的12.7mm内沿着间隙的主要部分朝向外壳延伸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合体，其特征在于，轨道环绕着整个周边延伸。
8.根据权利要求4所述的组合体，其特征在于，板外表面没有一沿着间隙的主要部分朝向外壳延伸的轨道。
9.根据权利要求4所述的组合体，其特征在于，间隙沿着周边的大部分具有至少0.2mm的高度。
10.根据权利要求4所述的组合体，其特征在于，该装置包括多个螺柱，并且其中热屏蔽和外壳在超出螺柱轴线12.7mm内的区域的位置不接触。
CN200410058833.XA 2003-07-31 2004-07-30 燃烧器 Pending CN1580640A (zh)

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US10/632,046 US7146815B2 (en) 2003-07-31 2003-07-31 Combustor
US10/632046 2003-07-31

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CN1580640A true CN1580640A (zh) 2005-02-16

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EP (1) EP1503144B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4083717B2 (zh)
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DE (1) DE602004024478D1 (zh)

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CN101675227B (zh) * 2007-09-25 2013-03-06 三菱重工业株式会社 燃气轮机燃烧器的冷却结构
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