CN1575895A - 深孔钻头的支撑垫 - Google Patents

深孔钻头的支撑垫 Download PDF

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CN1575895A
CN1575895A CNA2004100636988A CN200410063698A CN1575895A CN 1575895 A CN1575895 A CN 1575895A CN A2004100636988 A CNA2004100636988 A CN A2004100636988A CN 200410063698 A CN200410063698 A CN 200410063698A CN 1575895 A CN1575895 A CN 1575895A
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CN1575895B (zh
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拉伊莫·安纳诺利
韦罗妮卡·博斯特伦
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Abstract

一种用于深孔钻头上的支撑垫，该支撑垫的基体具有底表面，至少一个侧表面和一个顶表面。顶表面布置成用作磨损面，并由无钛的耐磨涂层形成，支撑垫的其余表面由含钛的耐磨涂层形成。

Description

深孔钻头的支撑垫
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改进性能的用于金属机加工的深孔钻头的支撑垫，它特别适合STS(单管系统)系统，还涉及基于eJEctor系统的钻具的支撑垫。本发明还涉及配备有支撑垫的刀架，以及制造这种支撑垫的方法。
背景技术
在金属中钻孔通常分成两种类型：深钻孔和浅钻孔。浅钻孔一般是指钻孔深度达到钻孔直径的3-5倍。
在浅钻孔时，要求不多，可以使用简单的螺旋钻，该螺旋钻或者由坚固的硬质合金制成，或者由坚固的工具钢制成，或者由设有硬质合金镶齿的工具钢制成。
然而，深钻孔对于良好的切屑形成，润滑，冷却和切屑输送有较高的要求。这是通过特别研制的钻孔系统来实现，该钻孔系统具有紧固在钻杆上的特殊设计的钻头，并能实现上述要求。钻头可以是坚固的硬质合金，但通常是设有许多切削硬质合金镶齿的工具钢，该切削硬质合金镶齿以一起形成必需的切削刃的形式布置。在钻头的中心，通常使用韧硬等级镶齿，在钻头的周边使用更耐磨镶齿。切削镶齿用铜焊或机械紧固。通常，切削镶齿铜焊在小直径钻头上，并机械固定在大直径钻头上。另外，钻头设有支撑垫。
切削镶齿和支撑垫由根据用途具有不同含量的WC，CO和立方碳化物TIC，TAC，NBC的硬质合金制成。切削镶齿以及支撑垫另外涂覆一层或多层耐磨层。通常，支撑垫涂有黄色层TIN。在美国专利6682275中公开了一种深孔钻头，它具有上述几何构造的镶齿和支撑垫。
本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种支撑垫和与该支撑垫结合的深孔钻头，其有效寿命和强度基本上增加，特别是在钛基工件内钻孔时。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种改进的支撑架和深孔钻头，它们具有适合耐热材料、钛基材料和铸铁机加工以及镍基合金机加工的改进的性能。
发明内容
通过适合用于深孔钻头上的支撑垫可实现本发明的目的。该支撑垫包括底支撑面，顶磨损面，和布置在支撑面与磨损面之间的外围表面。支撑面和外围表面由含钛的耐磨涂层形成。磨损面由无钛的耐磨涂层形成。
本发明的另一方面涉及制造深孔钻头的支撑垫的方法。该支撑垫包括底支撑面，顶磨损面，和布置在支撑面与磨损面之间的外围表面。该方法的步骤包括：
A)完全围绕基片涂覆无钛耐磨涂层；
B)完全围绕无钛涂层涂覆含钛耐磨涂层；和
C)去除含钛涂层的顶部，其中底支撑面和外围表面由含钛涂层形成，顶磨损面由无钛涂层形成。
本发明的另一个方面涉及承载上述类型的至少一种支撑垫的深孔钻头。
附图说明
下面参考附图来描述本发明的一个实施例。
图1表示具有根据本发明的支撑垫的传统的深孔钻头的前视图。
图2表示从根据图1的深孔钻头的下方斜看到的透视图。
图3表示根据本发明的支撑垫的透视图。
图4表示穿过现有技术的支撑垫的横截面。
图5与图4类似，表示根据本发明的支撑垫。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及图1表示的深孔钻头1。根据本发明的深孔钻头包括钻头主体以及整体连接部件3，该整体连接部件3设有传统的外螺纹。连接部件3通常借助所述外螺纹与钻孔管(未图示)连接，该钻孔管依次由适当的支撑装置承载。钻头1以常用的方式设有切削镶齿7。
另外，钻头主体1设有室，其中安装有相应的支撑垫9和10，该支撑垫在所示的实施例中包括与可标记的切削镶齿原理类似的可互换的单元。即，通过使支撑垫旋转180度，它们可用于任何室中。支撑垫9和10在其端部设有斜面11，12，面向连接部件3。在该连接中，斜面11，12如此形成，以便发生其与钻头主体1的邻接，在斜面11，12和该斜面11，12邻接钻头1的部分之间没有水平差别。
根据本发明的深孔钻头的钻头主体1还设有第一外冷却通道13和第二外冷却通道14。这些通道可改进润滑和冷却。所述冷却通道13，14在钻头的轴向伸展，它们最好与深孔钻头的轴向平行。在图示的实施例中，冷却通道13，14在钻头主体1内形成凹进处，从横截面看去，冷却通道具有柔性圆底，该柔性圆底具有一定曲率半径。
钻头主体1以通常方式设有内部中心通道6，大部分制成的切屑经过该中心通道排出。
参见图4，通过围绕包括基体20的基片整体涂覆下涂层28来制造优选的支撑垫。基体20包括根据用途具有选定含量的WC，CO和立方碳化物TIC，TAC，NBC的硬质合金。下涂层28是具有2-4μM厚的TIC或TICN含钛涂层。围绕包括基体20的基片整体涂覆的下涂层28是无钛涂层30，该无钛涂层30包括具有2-5μM厚，最好是3-5μM厚的AL2O3。然后，围绕包括基体20的基片整体涂覆的涂层28，30是含钛涂层32，该含钛涂层32包括具有0.5-2μM厚的TIN。涂层通过传统的CVD或PVD沉积法沉积。因此，制造和商业使用图4所示的支撑垫。
然而，图4所示的主题构成垫制造法中的中间元件9A。即，根据本发明，含钛涂层32的顶部通过喷砂或机加工去除，从而露出无钛涂层30的顶部，这如图5所示。因此，支撑垫的顶磨损面34由无钛涂层24限定，它由图中放大表示的含钛涂层32的很薄的部分32A围绕。
这种垫结构可用于在任意材料上钻深孔的钻头上，但是，特别是当机加工基于钛的工件时，垫的寿命提高。即，通过从磨损面即从与工件接触的表面去除含钛的涂层，可在钛基工件上钻深孔，而不存在支撑垫的支撑表面受工件中钛的不利影响。即，钛的自然性质具有与钛结合的趋势。这样，在钻深孔期间，利用支撑垫具有含钛涂层的钻将导致钛的磨损面与工件的磨损面结合。除了正常的研磨磨损外，这种“化学”磨损将进一步缩短支撑垫的寿命。
这样，本发明提供一种较长寿命的支撑垫，除了增加去除含钛涂层的顶部的步骤之外，它无需改变所述传统的可靠的经过试验的制造方法，即可制造图4的中间垫。
而且，使用者很容易识别根据本发明制造的支撑垫，以及在钻上的适当的朝向，因为在磨损面上暴露的AL2O3涂层30的颜色与底侧40和支撑垫周边42的颜色不同。
实例
在对复杂的部件进行机加工时，该部件由镍基合金型INCO 718制成，用传统的TBT钻孔机进行深钻孔。一个使用的深孔钻头包括传统的支撑垫，整个围绕该支撑垫具有外涂层TIN。对于这种钻，以15M/MIN移动和20MM/MIN进给的80RPM速度进行钻孔。对于这种机器，在支撑垫必须更换前，可满意地制造一种部件。相反，当相同类型的深孔钻头配备根据本发明的耐磨涂层使用时，有可能制造两种这样成分的复杂形状的INCO合金，直到它变的有必要更换支撑垫。

Claims (14)

1.一种适合用于深孔钻头上的支撑垫，该支撑垫包括底支撑面，顶磨损面，和布置在支撑面与磨损面之间的外围表面，支撑面和外围表面由含钛的耐磨涂层形成，磨损面由无钛的耐磨涂层形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的支撑垫，其特征在于支撑垫还包括由下涂层整体围绕的硬质合金基体，无钛涂层完全围绕所述第一涂层。
3.如权利要求2所述的支撑垫，其特征在于下涂层包括钛。
4.如权利要求1所述的支撑垫，其特征在于含钛涂层具有与无钛涂层不同的颜色。
5.如权利要求4所述的支撑垫，其特征在于无钛涂层包括AL2O3。
6.如权利要求5所述的支撑垫，其特征在于无钛涂层具有2-5μM的厚度。
7.如权利要求6所述的支撑垫，其特征在于含钛涂层包括TIN。
8.如权利要求7所述的支撑垫，其特征在于含钛涂层具有0.5-2μM的厚度。
9.如权利要求4所述的支撑垫，其特征在于含钛涂层包括TIN。
10.如权利要求1所述的支撑垫，其特征在于支撑垫构造成在旋转180度时可予以标记。
11.一种制造深孔钻头的支撑垫的方法，该支撑垫包括底支撑面，顶磨损面，和布置在支撑面与磨损面之间的外围表面。该方法的步骤包括：
A)完全围绕基片涂覆无钛耐磨涂层；
B)完全围绕无钛涂层涂覆含钛耐磨涂层；和
C)去除含钛涂层的顶部，其中底支撑面和外围表面由含钛涂层形成，顶磨损面由无钛涂层形成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于步骤A包括围绕基片涂覆无钛涂层，该基片包括完全涂覆含钛涂层的硬质合金基体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于无钛涂层的颜色与含钛涂层的颜色不同。
14.一种用于钻深孔的钻头，它包括：
钻头主体，
安装在钻头主体内的切削镶齿，和
安装在钻头主体的外围的至少一个支撑垫，该支撑垫包括底支撑面，顶磨损面，和布置在支撑面与磨损面之间的外围表面，支撑面和外围表面由含钛的耐磨涂层形成，磨损面由无钛的耐磨涂层形成。
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