CN1571877A - 分离流体的装置 - Google Patents

分离流体的装置 Download PDF

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CN1571877A
CN1571877A CNA028205928A CN02820592A CN1571877A CN 1571877 A CN1571877 A CN 1571877A CN A028205928 A CNA028205928 A CN A028205928A CN 02820592 A CN02820592 A CN 02820592A CN 1571877 A CN1571877 A CN 1571877A
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佩尔·E·格拉姆
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/36Underwater separating arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0208Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/044Breaking emulsions by changing the pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/045Breaking emulsions with coalescers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D17/00Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/06Separation of liquids from each other by electricity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0068General arrangements, e.g. flowsheets

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  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
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Abstract

一种安装在海床上用于分离流体的装置,其包括至少一分离器(1)和一管线(17)。该分离器通过相关联的井口(2)或类似物连接到一个或者多个油井。分离出的组分,石油、天然气、水或者其混合物,全部或部分地从此装置输送到海面上的平台、船只等,或者通过收集管线输送到海岸,或者回注入海床下的油层。每一分离器(1)包括一个可构成源于油井的输送管线(18)主体部分或次要部分的长管道(管道分离器),其直径大约等于或者稍大于输送管线(18)的直径。

Description

分离流体的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种安装在海床上用于流体分离的装置。
本文中的流体指石油、天然气和水或这些物质的混合物,可能会含有沙粒,这些沙粒的产生与石油/天然气从海床之下地质层组里油井中抽取出来有关。
背景技术
PCT/NO98/0085涉及了在油井水平截面的管道分离器中流体的分离。
安装在水平油井中的管道分离器可实现大量石油和水分离的主要原因与井产流体良好的分离特性有关。油井中具有良好分离特性的主要原因是石油和水的接触面相对而言没有表面活性剂从而可稳定接触面,因而可阻止液滴长大以及和聚结有关的自由水相的形成。这就使得在油井中可使用这样的分离方案,而在此处,控制破乳剂的使用则是非常复杂或者实际上是不可能的。
发明内容
在很多情况下,都希望在海床上进行分离操作以替代在油井中进行。在海床上,使用破乳剂对原油进行化学不稳定性处理是一个更加简单、完全可行的方案。该液体的化学不稳定性处理可以提高其分离特性到几乎和井下条件的液体的分离特性一样好。这就使得在海床上使用与石油加工厂有关的管道分离技术成为可能。对于分离器直径的选择而言,海床上的装置相对于井下装置还具有更大的自由度。
普通重力分离器的特点是具有很大的储罐直径。这将此技术的应用范围限制在相对浅的水域。具有高L/D比的扁长分离器适于在很大的海水深度时使用。
在典型的海床条件下,石油/水液体的分离特性通常比在井下时要更差。在使用破乳剂或超声波时,这种差别可通过将分离器置于阻风阀的上游来弥补。这样就可以在海床上使用管道分离器。实际上,管道分离器可以是一个设计有比所需直径稍大的传输管线或者作为传输管线的扩展部件。这种管道分离器对于在很大的海水深度处由于很高的外部液体压力而引起的设计难题是一个很有效的解决方案。此技术可以和基于管道聚结器的CEC(Compact Electrostatic Coalescer,小型静电聚结器)概念结合起来,这使得其可以在很大的海水深度处使用。对于更加难以分离的液体,就需要一CEC来获取油相的各种规格产品以及消除此液流的下游水合物沉淀问题。
尤其,在海床石油加工厂中使用管道分离器具有如下优点:
-大量天然气/石油/水分离
-从原油中除去水以生产各种规格的产品
-将产品水净化到可被回注的品质
-将产品水净化到可被排放的品质
-与原油和天然气的输送有关的无化学水合控制
大体上,在管道分离器中进行大量的天然气/石油/水分离。对于较轻的、较简单的原油系统,分离器可将液体分离成各种规格的产品。在这种情况时,在处理过程中就不再需要另外的分离装置。管道分离器的设计如下所述。从井口到处理模块的输送管道末端部分被设计为扁长的管道分离器。由于其管道直径很小(0.5m的数量级),因此分离器可在很高的外压和很低的内压下工作。所以此分离器尤其适用于很大的海水深度处。从分离器中出来的水质要尽可能的好也很重要,以尽可能地避免在注入/排放之前还需要进行的任何净化处理。因而可给此分离器上配备一机械式基于超声的乳液不稳定性处理系统以代替使用化学破乳剂。这种解决方案可产生适于回注(<<1000ppm)以及可能可排放入海中(<40ppm)的水质。管道分离器最好放置在井口的任何压力释放处之前。
分离器设计为三相分离器,其配置选项可允许分别移送天然气、石油和水或者另一种选择是将天然气/石油作为共同液流、水作为分离液流分别移动。此外,也可将其设计为两相的石油/水分离器而在CEC(CompactElectrostatic Coalescer,小型静电聚结器)下游使用。
分离器可在石油/水界面上配备一针对乳化层的基于超声的不稳定性处理系统(作为用化学物质破乳的一个替代)。分离器还可配备有一组双套水平轮廓测量仪(可选方式:γ射线、电容和超声波)。管道分离器的末端直接或者通过柔性软管连接到处理模块。
附图说明
图1所示为一种海床上的装置,其带有一个用于天然气/液体分离的管道分离器;
图2所示为本发明装置的第一个可选实施例,其带有一个用于天然气/石油/水分离的管道分离器;
图3所示为本发明装置的第二个可选实施例,其带有两个连续的管道分离器,第一个用于天然气/液体分离,第二个用于石油/水分离;
图4所示为本发明装置的第三个可选实施例,其带有一个用于天然气/石油/水分离的管道分离器,其后有一小型静电聚结器,随后再有一个用于石油/水分离的管道分离器;
图5所示为本发明装置的第四个可选实施例,其带有一个用于天然气/石油/水分离的管道分离器,其后有一小型静电聚结器,随后再有一个用于石油/水分离的管道分离器。此外,还有一个和第一个管道分离器连接在一起的天然气脱水装置,其由一个管道接触器和一个天然气/液体分离器组成;
图6所示为基于图4所示解决方案的第五个实施例,只不过其适用于两个或多个油井生产不同量石油/水/天然气的情况。
具体实施方式
图1所示为一种安装在海床上的装置,其带有一个管道形式的分离器(管道分离器)1,该分离器用于天然气/液体分离,并连接到井口2。这是一个为只有少量水产生的石油/天然气井而设计的简单解决方案。分离出的天然气在管道3中移动,并供给到海面上的平台、作业船等或者供给到一个将天然气输送到海岸上的收集管线。液体在管道4中移动,并且和天然气类似,有一泵5将其泵送到海面或者海岸上。
图2所示为一种和图1所示类似的装置。不过,除了天然气和石油以外,此处的分离器还分离出水,水通过管道6输送到泵7,然后再回注入油层。
图3所示为一种为液体中带有大量天然气情况而设计的海床上装置。此解决方案和图1中相似,只是在第一分离器1中分离出来的液体(石油和水)再被输送入第二分离器8,在此处,石油通过管道4和泵5输送到海面,而同时水通过管道6用泵7再回注入油层。
图4所示为一种针对重油设计的海床上石油加工厂,它是图3所示装置的进一步改进。在本例中设计用来分离天然气/石油/水的管道分离器1连接到井口2。天然气在管道3中移动,并输送到海面。石油和水进入一个增大水滴尺寸的小型静电聚结器(CEC)9。然后石油和水在用于石油/水分离的第二管道分离器8中分离开来。石油在管道4中移动,并被油泵5泵送到海面,同时水通过管道6和回注泵7再回注入油层。
图5所示为一种海床上装置,除了如图4所示的部件之外,其还有一个天然气脱水装置。从第一分离器1中分离出来的天然气首先输送到一天然气脱水反应器11。在此处,加入与天然气中的水发生“反应”的乙二醇。然后,天然气和液体(水溶入乙二醇)输送入第三分离器12,这一次分离出天然气,天然气通过管道14输送到海面上,同时液体被送入泵16,然后再输送到海面上。
图6所示为基于图4所示解决方案的一个例子,只不过是适用于不同量的石油、天然气和水以不同的比例从两个或多个油井中生产出来的情况。如前所述那样,源于油井2的石油/天然气/水在第一分离器1中分离,石油/水在带有中间聚结器9的第二分离器12中分离。
井下分离在第二油井20中发生。从第一分离器1、第二分离器12和井下分离器18中分离出的水分别通过管道21、22、23输送到一用于回注水的缓冲罐18。缓冲罐18中的水通过管道/井6用泵19回注入油层。
如上所示和所描述的应用,本发明具有以下几个优点:
1.管道分离器可承受很高的内部和外部压力,因此可允许以下工序在很大的海水深度处进行:
-大量天然气/石油/水或者石油/水分离。
-从原油中除去水以生产各种规格的产品。
            *与一小型静电聚结器(Kvaerner技术)
             结合的一个管道分离器
            *与一Pect C聚结器(Cycletech技术)
             结合的一个管道分离器
-用天然气脱水技术(Minox技术)和一个管道分离器
相结合的方法进行天然气脱水。
2.可产生一定量可回注的水相。
3.石油流和天然气流中只含很少量的水,因而可允许与输送到下游装置有关的无化学水合控制。
4.管道分离器可承受很高的内部压力,因此其可以安装在井口阻风阀的最上游处。
5.对于含有酸性油和潜在含有环烷酸钙沉淀的油田,进行将水去除到0.5%的海床上处理,其在很高的系统压力下进行(例如水相中较低的pH值表示水相中含有更多的CO),将会消除很难解决的环烷酸钙沉淀问题或者昂贵的用于处理环烷酸钙沉淀的海面装置。

Claims (4)

1.一种安装在海床上用于流体分离的装置,包括至少一分离器(1)和一管线,该分离器通过相关联的井口(2)或类似物连接到一个或者多个油井,在该管线中分离出的组分,石油、天然气、水或者其混合物,全部或部分地从此装置输送到海面上的平台、船只等,或者通过收集管线输送到海岸上,或者回注入海床下的油层,其特征在于,
每一分离器(1)包括一个可构成源于油井的输送管线(18)主体部分或次要部分的长管道(管道分离器),长管道的直径大约等于或者稍大于输送管线(18)的直径;
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
一第一分离器(1),该分离器被设计用于分离天然气和液体,在其中分离出的天然气通过管线(3)输送到海面/海岸,而分离出的液体输送到一第二分离器(8)以分离石油和水,此后分离出的石油通过泵(5)和管线(4)输送到海面/海岸,而分离出的水则通过管线(6)用泵(7)回注入油层;
3.如权利要求1和2所述的装置,其特征在于,在第一和第二管道分离器(1和3)之间配备有一小型静电聚结器(9);
4.如权利要求1至3所述的装置,其特征在于,在第一分离器(11)的出口处配备有一天然气脱水装置(11)和一随后的天然气/液体分离器(12),借此,乙二醇通过管线(13)添加到该脱水装置(11),而分离出的天然气从分离器(12)中通过管线(14)输送到海面,分离出的乙二醇则通过管线(15)用泵(16)输送到海面。
CNB028205928A 2001-10-17 2002-10-14 分离流体的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1330849C (zh)

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MXPA04003490A (es) 2004-07-30
DE60217148T2 (de) 2007-09-27
NO20015048L (no) 2003-04-22
CA2463692A1 (en) 2003-04-24
BR0213313A (pt) 2004-10-13
EP1438484A1 (en) 2004-07-21
EP1438484B1 (en) 2006-12-27
EA200400541A1 (ru) 2004-08-26
CN1330849C (zh) 2007-08-08
AU2002341443B2 (en) 2008-02-14
NO316837B1 (no) 2004-05-24
BR0213313B1 (pt) 2012-08-21
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US20050006086A1 (en) 2005-01-13
WO2003033872A1 (en) 2003-04-24

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