CN1559708A - Engineering method of recovering degraduted river bank by reed - Google Patents
Engineering method of recovering degraduted river bank by reed Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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Abstract
An engineering method for restoring the degenerated river bank by reed includes such steps as culturing reed seedlings, and transplanting them in the slope of river bank by different engineering approaches.
Description
Technical field,
The invention belongs to the degeneration riparian ecosystem is carried out the engineering method that reed community is recovered.
Background technology
Based on traditional hydraulic engineering design philosophy, the bank-protection works in section river, China city only considers that the durability of engineering and the convenience of construction adopt concrete or Reinforced Concrete Materials more, ignoring the river also is the ecosystem with life, its as a result the manual construction thing cut off the contact of aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystems, the various ecological processes in river have been destroyed, cause the oneself in river to purify and the reduction of self-recovery ability, river pollution is serious.
Since the seventies in 20th century, developed countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Japan have carried out the restoration of the ecosystem experimental study on a large amount of concrete riverbanks, the concrete riverbank of having rebuild on a large scale, and the natural ecosystems in recovery river have accumulated a large amount of achievement examples.Wherein important one is exactly the impaired riparian ecosystems of restoration and reconstruction, at first needs to recover the original reed community in riverbank.
Reed (phragmites), perennial grass family reed platymiscium.The whole plant of reed can be divided into root, root-like stock, stem, leaf, flower and six parts of seed.The root of reed is fibrous, extends to the four sides with root-like stock, forms the huge system of fibrous root, so as to absorbing nutrient and the moisture in the soil.The root-like stock of reed is a subterranean stem, and general misnomer is " root ", and root-like stock is reed horizontal stem of giving birth to setting in soil, has the property of crawling, and generally is distributed in the 30-60 centimeters.The stem of reed claims the aerial stem of plant again, vertical growth, its thickness, height have very big difference because of the difference of kind, soil, nutrient, moisture, salinity, weather conditions, general height between 2-6 rice, thick about 1 centimetre.Reed leaf alternate, the top is sharp-pointed, and the blunt circle of base portion is lanceolar.Reed be fourth contact awl inflorescence, seed is a caryopsis, is long oval.The reed wide adaptability, strong stress resistance is grown in ground such as river, river, lake, seashore silt beach more, is one of main plant of growing in the wetland environment.Because leaf, leaf sheath, stem, root-like stock and the adventitious root of reed all have aerating tissue, so it plays important effect in purifying waste water.
Reed all is being very important a kind of plant aspect beautification of landscape and the farming region ecosystem restoration, and its vegetable material as greening shallow water band and riverbank buffer strip is extensively being planted all over the world.But, when using reed greening waters at present, not only required great effort, but also time-consuming, financial cost is very high simultaneously, exists many problems that solution is not arranged.The cultural method of reed generally has 5 kinds: method 1: with stem cultivation, breeding; Method 2: with subterranean stem cultivation, breeding; Method 3: become strain to transplant; Method 4: seed propagation; Method 5: with the cultivation of seed seedling.Above cultural method has all been obtained some achievements in research, still comes with some shortcomings but recover reed community for large tracts of land: 1. the method for 1 usefulness stem cultivation requires to exist nature reed collection ground near the riverbank; 2. 2～3 utilize the propagation method of reed rhizome to destroy the reed Proterozoic, plantation process simultaneously is arduous, and takes reed from the reed Proterozoic away from the city, is not easy to transportation; 3. 4 seed propagation method, because the reed seed is tiny, though can carry out generative propagation, trunk diameter growth is slow behind the insemination and emergence, is difficult to settle down at riverbank SEA LEVEL VARIATION zone seed simultaneously, the back of germinateing is withered easily because of the riverbank infiltration of rising; 4. 5 seed seedling-raising propagation method when cultivating and managing, require great effort, time-consuming.Because the concretize in section river, China city causes the primary reed community forfeiture in riverbank, so original reed community in restoration and reconstruction riverbank, need take reed from the reed Proterozoic away from the city, this practice has been destroyed the ecological environment of reed Proterozoic, also is not easy to transportation.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of engineering method with reed recovery degeneration riverbank, the cost height has destroyed the ecological environment of reed Proterozoic and the problem that reed is not easy to transport when recovering the degeneration riverbank to solve.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 3～5 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod, cultivated 55～65 days 35～40 centimetres of length of rectangular plastic magazine, wide 25～30 centimetres, high 10～12 centimetres in the hexagon plant module of it being planted to the rectangular plastic magazine that fills peat soil being convenient to transport or making with degradation material; 10～15 centimetres of the hexagon plant module length of sides, high 10～12 centimetres are watered once every day, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, and making it become height is 60～80 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size greater than 20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/60～1/50, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, connecting between concret block cuttage reed seedling in the slit;
When the riverbed material particle size 2～20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/100～1/400, or when the riverbed material particle size 1～3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/400～1/2000, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling in the slit between the connection concret block; Or take gabion shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in gabion; Or take the riprap protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in the slit between stone.
When the riverbed material particle size 0.3～1 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/700～1/5000, or when the riverbed material particle size less than 0.3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/5000～level, take gabion shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in gabion; Or take the riprap protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in the slit between stone; Or take placed rockfill shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or place reed plant module in the slit between stone; Or take place mat string net shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling in mesh.
Connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method is: connecting-type concrete slab block is a cubic type, the surface is 0.8～1.2 meter for square, the length of side, thick is 8～12 centimetres, concrete plate body and function steel wire connects, slit between the concrete slab block is 1～2 centimetre, and its upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod.
Gabion shore protection method is: cuboid or cylindrical cage that gabion is to use the galvanized wire material to be woven into to have grid, interior filling piece stone, gravel or cobble; Cuboid gabion length is that 2.0 meters～5.0 meters, width are that 0.6～1.0 meter, thickness are 0.3～0.8 meter, and 0.2～0.5 meter of cylindrical gabion diameter, length are 2.0～5.0 meters; The galvanized wire gabion is generally made framework with the galvanized wire of 6～8 millimeters of the galvanized wire netting of 2.5～4.0 millimeters of diameters and diameters, and width of mesh is generally 60～80 millimeters, and galvanized wire is taked galvanized iron wire or common galvanized wire, and gabion bank is along the river laid, and the upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod.
The riprap protection method is for using the tight hard limestone of stone matter, granite etc., and piece stone particle diameter is 3 centimetres～50 centimetres; Riprap protection thickness, the jackstone thickness of offshore part is 0.6～0.8 meter, and is 0.8～1.0 meter to the nearer jackstone thickness of offshore.
Placed rockfill shore protection method, for shore protection is made of surface layer and bed course, surface layer piece stone size and thickness generally adopt the piece stone of 20-30 kilopond, and paving thickness is 30 centimetres.
Place mat string net shore protection method is laid immediately on the riverbank for using string to make string nets wide 0.9～1.1 meter, long 3.0～5.0 meters, and fixes with wooden hammer drill, and width of mesh is generally 6～8 millimeters.
The invention has the advantages that: guarantee to reach prevent riverbank avalanche and erosion in, in the riparian works design, include ecological principle in, create the porous crack riparian works ecologic structure that animals and plants and microorganism can survive, impel the riverbank plant to grow continuously.Can reduce destruction, and can breed the reed seedling fast, in a large number, the reed community and the ecological environment thereof on the fast impaired riverbank of quick-recovery the reed Proterozoic.The method is reducing on the basis of labour, time and cost, can easier recovery shallow water band and riverbank buffer strip reed community, construct a waters that reed is in great numbers.And the recovery of the worldwide beautification of landscape and the farming region ecosystem contributed to some extent.
Recover the ecology and the economic efficiency contrast on degeneration riverbank with reed
The average financial cost of project rate of vegetation size of animal view quality degree water quality
Grout concrete check plot 5% 2 120 yuan/m of bad IV
3
Take method of the present invention 95% 47 75 yuan/m of excellent II
3
Description of drawings
When Fig. 1, employing connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram;
Fig. 2, the cylindrical gabion shore protection method schematic diagram of employing, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram;
Fig. 3, employing box-shaped gabion shore protection method schematic diagram, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram;
Fig. 4, employing riprap protection method schematic diagram, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram;
Fig. 5, employing placed rockfill shore protection method schematic diagram, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram;
Fig. 6, employing place mat string net shore protection method schematic diagram, cuttage reed seedling schematic diagram.
Experimental example: repair impaired riparian ecosystem research with reed
1 research area's Natural situation and experimental design
1.1 Natural situation
Research point is positioned at the clean month school district of Changchun Northeast Normal University, and experiment river section is the downstream, reservoir spillway river course, Jingyue Pool of school district of flowing through, about 1 kilometer apart from the National forest park, Jingyue Pool.
This district belongs to the continental half moistening monsoon climate in temperate zone, and average temperature of the whole year is 4.6 ℃, and January in winter is the coldest, and the lowest temperature reaches-36.5 ℃, and temperature on average is-17.2 ℃; July in summer is the hottest, and the highest temperature reaches 38 ℃, and temperature on average is 23 ℃.Annual about 2866h at sunshine, average precipitation is 567.0mm.
The experiment section is about 700 meters, widely is about 8.0 meters, and bed sloped is about 1/1000, and the river course degree of depth is 1.5～2 meters, and the riverbed constitutes mud and gravel, about 0.1 meter per second of maximum flood flow velocity.The southern side, river is a concrete revetment; The opposite bank side is the exposed soil property bank slope of nature, the gradient is about 30 °～45 °, toe washes away and corrodes seriously, the riverbank soil degradation is serious (seeing Table 1) relatively, wherein bank slope is planted sparse dryland willow (Salix babylonica L.), and the weeds sociales mainly contain wild barnyard grass (E.crusgalli (L.) Beauv.), green bristlegrass (S.viridis (L.) Beauv.), three-coloured amaranth (A.retroflexus L.) etc.
Table 1 soil physico-chemical property
Void ratio is held in the full nitrogen/unit weight of observation station w/capillary porosity/% total porosity/% noncapillary poropsity/field
(g/kg) (g/cm
3) the capillary porosity water yield/%
Slope last 0.745 1.50 13.26 44.48 2.34 29.80 0.80
Slope following 0.732 1.51 12.97 44.10 2.40 29.40 0.79
1.2 experimental design
Recovering under the ecological artificial design theory guidance, include the basic normal form of engineering cybernetics " feedback-control " simultaneously in, by " setting-checking " hypothesis, the method that promptly adopts engineering and plant measures to combine, make up initial riparian ecosystem, under artificial the startup, it is developed to forward succession direction.In recovery process, responsively reflecting that the ecological factor of ecosystem function dynamic change is that the quantitative assessment index is verified its recovery effects, according to the checking result, readjust the design content of implementing hypothesis, the riparian ecosystem that impels repeatedly by " setting hypothesis, the checking hypothesis " develops to healthy direction.
In June calendar year 2001, choosing is long 50 meters, wide 14 meters typical case degenerates, and the exposed soil property bank slope of nature is that test block (A) makes up initial riparian ecosystem, and its check plot is exposed soil property bank slope (B) and a concrete revetment (C) of nature.
1.2.1 the structure of nearly habitat, riverbank, pool patch, the zone that the normal water bit line is following
According to existing waterway landforms, hydrology characteristics, adopt the riprap protection method, be that piece stone is laid in the following zone of normal water bit line, in piece crack of stone crack, insert simultaneously and plant reed (Phragmites communisTrin.) and Lythrum salicaria water plants such as (Lythrum salicaria L.).About 1.25 kilograms of the minimum deadweight of estimation block stone simple grain, 0.05～0.35 meter of particle diameter, theoretical calculating slightly tested 26 meters of shared building stones
3
1.2.2 the structure of habitat, riverbank, far water district patch, the zone between flood level and the ordinary water level
For preventing the erosion caused by sloping surfaces,, choose strong stress resistance, the suitable wide pionner of natural disposition, mainly based on reed and dryland willow (Salix babylonica L.) with reference to natural riverbank structure of plant community.The legume false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.) etc. of planting on the slope in dryland willow zone, false indigo has nitrogen fixation, can be plants such as reed and dryland willow nutrient is provided for a long time, realizes that nutrient is self-supporting also to reduce later stage manual maintenance management.Consider from the urban look aesthstic angle simultaneously, the roadside vertical elm (Ulmus pumila) of Landscape Tree Species of planting on the slope, the pattern that implants group in trial zone distributes rationally is: reed-dryland willow-false indigo-Chui elm.
1.3 test and analytical method
1.3.1 sampling method
The research place is divided into four soil sample points, be that A district is that habitat, far water riverbank patch makes up on the slope in district respectively, the slope down and check plot B be on the slope of the exposed soil property bank slope of nature, under the slope.On July 30th, 2003 was gathered soil sample with cutting ring by " S " type route, and the multiple spot mixing, and sampling depth is 0～10cm, the aseptic plastic bag of packing into after fully mixing, amount to 42 parts of soil, take back 0 °～4 ℃ preservations in laboratory immediately, for testing soil microorganism and biochemical action intensity.
Be 3 of the substrate sludge sampling points that concrete revetment three district's slope angles respectively are provided with 50cm * 50cm * 20cm at above-mentioned A district, check plot B and check plot C simultaneously, on September 26th, 2003 was respectively adopted 3 in bed mud mud sample at each sampled point, was mixed into representative sample.
1.3.2 analytical method
General Study thinks that edaphon (comprising microbes biomass, soil respiration etc.) is that soil quality changes the most responsive index
]This research is also can responsively reflect that the edaphon and the zoobenthos of riparian ecosystem its function dynamic change in recovery process are main evaluation index.
(1) mensuration of edaphon quantity and biochemical action intensity.Bacterium is adopted beef extract-peptone agar plate rubbing method; Fungi is adopted Ma Dingshi (Martin) culture medium flat plate surface rubbing method; Actinomyces are adopted the Gause I synthetic media planar surface rubbing method of improveing; Azotobacteria is adopted Ah Thebe (Ashby) moor's culture-medium planar surface rubbing method; Nitrogen fixation intensity adopts the soil cultivation; The cellulose decomposition intensity adopts the sheet method of burying; Soil base respiration is according to 24hCO
2The quantitative determination that discharges.
(2) mensuration of zoobenthos biomass, density and diversity indices.Zoobenthos picks macroscopic biology and puts into plastic bottle after screening with the steel sieve, fixes with 4% formalin solution, then identifying species, counting and weighing.Then, it is converted into biomass (g/m
2), and it is (individual/m to extrapolate density
2).The zoobenthos diversity indices is pressed Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index equation and is calculated:
That is:
(in the formula: H is a biodiversity index; S is the species number; Pi is the ratio of individuality in whole individual s that belongs to kind of i.)
2 results and analysis (checking result)
2.1 the variation of edaphon quantity and biochemical action intensity
The biological and chemical process of being carried out in the soil is the basis of terrestrial ecosystems function, edaphon almost participates in all biological and chemical reflections in the soil, be the important component part of keeping soil quality, its number change and distribution can reflect the dynamic change of initial riparian ecosystem its function in recovery process sensitively.Therefore, edaphon can be used as the important indicator of judging that whether riparian ecosystem develops to healthy direction.As shown in Table 2, the measure that the test block takes engineering and plant to combine, after 2 years, compare micro organism quantity, distribution situation has more significantly and improves with the B check plot.Micro organism quantity has improved 1.5 times and 1.3 times respectively, and wherein bacterium has been improved 1.5 times and 1.3 times, and fungi has been improved 3.6 times and 1.9 times, and actinomyces have been improved 1.3 times and 1.4 times.The measure that adopt this test block is described, has improved the physicochemical property of soil preferably, promoted the growth of each quasi-microorganism.Because false indigo is a legume, and stronger nitrogen fixation is arranged, plant duff and root exudates are more simultaneously, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria quantity also rolls up, and has quickened the conversion process of nitrogen material, along with the leaching of rainwater, also for providing nutrient under the slope, test block.
Soil base respiration has been represented the overall activity of edaphon, and has reflected the situation of coercing of environment to a certain extent, and is closely related with soil environment quality, and usually soil biochemical action intensity as one of overall target of soil microbial activities.Therefore as can be seen from Table 2, the ground soil respiration effect of degenerating of B check plot is very faint, take this measure after, the respiratory intensity of soil all has obvious enhancing, is respectively 1.7 times and 1.4 times of check plot.Simultaneously fiber decomposition intensity, nitrogen fixing capacity under edaphon directly acts on, all have more significantly raising respectively, and wherein the fiber decomposition intensity is to be respectively 2 times and 2.1 times of check plot, and nitrogen fixing capacity is 3.3 times and 3.2 times of check plot.
Above experimental result has shown when habitat that this experiment makes up is sewed piece and provided living space for root system of plant, micro organism quantity increases and increased activity, verified the correctness of hypothesis, experimental result shows that also the riparian ecosystem of structure is to develop to healthy direction.
Table 2 edaphon quantity and biochemical action intensity
Observation station bacterium/fungi/actinomyces/total nitrogen-fixing bacteria/% fiber decomposition nitrogen fixation/respiratory intensity/
(thousand/g) (thousand/g) (thousand/g) intensity/% (g/kg) (mg/ (gh))
A1 6625.00 61.25 27.88 6714.13 7.09 13.06 0.89 0.00688
A2 5162.50 32.50 24.14 5219.14 0.41 11.59 0.67 0.00550
B1 4412.50 17.13 21.25 4450.88 -- 6.45 0.27 0.00413
B2 4112.50 17.50 17.85 4147.85 -- 5.40 0.21 0.00402
C1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
C2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Annotate: A1 represents on the slope, test block; A2 represents under the slope, test block; All the other successively roughly the same.B1 wherein, "-" shows that nitrogen-fixing bacteria quantity is seldom or do not have among the B2; C1, "-" shows and measures (concrete revetment) among the C2.
2.2 zoobenthos index changes in contrast
Zoobenthos is the main consumer of river ecosystem, and its kind and quantity and water plant and environment thereof have confidential relation.By table 3,4 as can be known, each distinguishes zoobenthos kind, density, biomass, diversity indices A district＞B district＞C district, the heavy root system of water plants such as illustrative experiment district reed can absorb inorganic salts nutrients in the bed mud, and be the good medium that a large amount of microorganisms adhere to the biomembrane form, being beneficial to water body purification, also having improved substrate simultaneously, is the main cause that zoobenthos quantity increases.Prove that thus the habitat patch of founding provides good procreation, habitat for zoobenthos.
The research point has collected the zoobenthos of 8 kinds altogether, and wherein oligochaetes is 2 kinds, 2 kinds of mollusks, 3 kinds of aquatic insects, a kind of other animal (distribution situation sees Table 3).In each monoid of zoobenthos, maximum with the water silk earthworm and the Su Shi cercobranchiate earthworm quantity of oligochaetes, account for more than 97% of zoobenthos, these species are absolute predominances of research point.The research report is arranged, and the oligochaetes animal has very strong tolerance to water body organic contamination and anoxic, can be used as the index of water quality assessment, illustrates that this research point water pollution is comparatively serious.
Kind of table 3 zoobenthos and distribution
Kind A B C
Water silk earthworm Limnodrilus sp.+++
The formula cercobranchiate earthworm Branchiura sowerbyi of oligochaetes Oligochaeta Soviet Union+++
Viviparus chui yen Cipangopaludian.Cathayesis++
Mollusk Mollusca radish spiral shell Radix.swinhoei++
Plumage chironomus larvas Tendipus.Grreductus+
Aquatic insect Aquatic Insecta Dulicidae larva Culieidae+
Giant water bug Kirkaidyia deyrollei+
The flat leech Glossiphonia of other animals sp.++
+ show this kind that distributes.
Table 4 is respectively distinguished density, biomass and the diversity indices of zoobenthos
Project A B C
Density/(individual/m
2) 2,206 1,520 500
Biomass/(g/m
2) 7.7 5.9 2.8
Diversity indices (H) 1.09 0.83 0.72
Annotate: do not comprise mollusk in the biomass
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 3 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod is cultivated its rectangular plastic magazine that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to 55 days, 35 centimetres of length of rectangular plastic magazine, wide 25 centimetres, high 10 centimetres; Water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 60 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size greater than 20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/60～1/50, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, connecting-type concrete slab block is a cubic type, the surface is 0.8 meter for square, the length of side, thick is 8 centimetres, and concrete plate body and function steel wire connects, and the slit between the concrete slab block is 1 centimetre, its upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod, cuttage reed seedling in the slit between the connection concret block.
Embodiment 2
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 4 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod will be cultivated 60 days in its rectangular plastic magazine that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to, 38 centimetres of length of rectangular plastic magazine, wide 27 centimetres, high 11 centimetres; Water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 70 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 2～20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/100～1/200, take gabion shore protection method, the cuboid cage that gabion is to use the galvanized wire material to be woven into to have grid, interior filling piece stone, gravel or cobble; Cuboid gabion length is that 2.0 meters, width are that 0.6 meter, thickness are 0.3 meter, and width of mesh is 600 millimeters, and galvanized wire is taked galvanized iron wire, and gabion bank is along the river laid, and the upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod, cuttage reed seedling in gabion.
Embodiment 3
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 5 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod will be cultivated 65 days in its rectangular plastic magazine that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to, 40 centimetres of length of rectangular plastic magazine, wide 30 centimetres, high 12 centimetres; Water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 80 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 1～3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/400～1/600, take the riprap protection method, use the tight hard limestone of stone matter, granite etc., piece stone particle diameter is 3 centimetres～50 centimetres; Riprap protection thickness, the jackstone thickness of offshore part is 0.6 meter, and is 0.8 meter to the nearer jackstone thickness of offshore, cuttage reed seedling in the slit between stone.
Embodiment 4
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 5 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod, to cultivate 60 days in its hexagon plant module degradable made of paper that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to, this 10 centimetres of hexagon plant module length of side, high 10 centimetres, water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 60 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 0.3～1 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/700～1/1000, take gabion shore protection method, gabion is to use the galvanized wire material to be woven into to have the cylindrical cage of grid, interior filling piece stone, gravel or cobble; 0.3 meter of cylindrical gabion diameter, length are 3.0 meters; The galvanized wire gabion is generally made framework with the galvanized wire of 6 millimeters of the galvanized wire netting of 2.5 millimeters of diameters and diameters, width of mesh is generally 70 millimeters, and galvanized wire is taked common galvanized wire, and gabion bank is along the river laid, the upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod, directly places reed plant module in gabion.
Embodiment 5
Step 1, two is with embodiment 4;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod, to cultivate 60 days in its hexagon plant module degradable made of paper that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to, 12 centimetres of the hexagon plant module length of sides, high 11 centimetres, water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 70 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size less than 0.3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/5000～level, take place mat string net shore protection method, using string to make string nets wide 1.0 meters, long 3.0 meters is laid immediately on the riverbank, and fix with wooden hammer drill, width of mesh is generally 6 millimeters, cuttage reed seedling in mesh.
Embodiment 6
Step 1, two is with embodiment 4;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod, to cultivate 60 days in its hexagon plant module degradable made of paper that fills peat soil of being convenient to transport of planting to, 15 centimetres of the hexagon plant module length of sides, high 12 centimetres, water every day once, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, making it become height is 70 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When 10～20 centimetres of riverbed material particle sizes, when bed sloped is 1/200～1/400, take placed rockfill shore protection method, constitute by surface layer and bed course, surface layer piece stone size and thickness, the general piece stone that adopts 25 kiloponds, paving thickness is 30 centimetres, cuttage reed seedling or place reed plant module in the slit between stone;
Embodiment 7
Step 1, two, three is with embodiment 5;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 1～3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/1000～1/2000, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, connecting-type concrete slab block is a cubic type, and the surface is 1.0 meters for square, the length of side, and thick is 10 centimetres, concrete plate body and function steel wire connects, slit between the concrete slab block is 2 centimetres, and its upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod, cuttage reed seedling in the slit between the connection concret block.
Embodiment 8
Step 1, two, three is with embodiment 5;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 0.3～1 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/2000～1/3000, take gabion shore protection method, the cuboid cage that gabion is to use the galvanized wire material to be woven into to have grid, interior filling piece stone, gravel or cobble; Cuboid gabion length is that 5.0 meters, width are that 1.0 meters, thickness are 0.8 meter, the galvanized wire gabion is made framework with the galvanized wire of 8 millimeters of the galvanized wire netting of 4.0 millimeters of diameters and diameters, width of mesh is generally 80 millimeters, galvanized wire is taked galvanized iron wire or common galvanized wire, gabion bank is along the river laid, the upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod, directly places reed plant module in gabion.
Embodiment 9
Step 1, two, three is with embodiment 5;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size 0.3～1 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/3000～1/5000, take placed rockfill shore protection method, for shore protection is made of surface layer and bed course, surface layer piece stone size and thickness, the general piece stone that adopts the 20-30 kilopond, paving thickness is 30 centimetres, places reed plant module between stone in the slit.
Embodiment 10
Step 1, two, three is with embodiment 5;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows: when the riverbed material particle size less than 0.3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/5000～level, take the riprap protection method, use the tight hard limestone of stone matter, granite etc., piece stone particle diameter is 30 centimetres; Riprap protection thickness, the jackstone thickness of offshore part is 0.6～0.8 meter, and is 0.8～1.0 meter to the nearer jackstone thickness of offshore, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in the slit between stone.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of engineering method with reed recovery degeneration riverbank comprises the steps:
One, reed is gathered: reed is picked up from reed community self-sow ground;
Cut at the reed flush with ground of selecting to grow fine with gathering, and the reed leaf is cut, then the thin bar of sorting: diameter is 2～3 millimeters, thick bar: diameter is 3～5 millimeters, and respectively the thickness reed rod is cut off into 30 centimeter length;
Two, reed germinates: germinate under the bundle shape condition;
10 thin reed rods are tied into 1 bundle or 5 thick reed rods are tied into 1 bundle, put into the pond respectively and soaked 15 days; Changed water once in per 3～5 days therebetween, and reed rod was germinateed cultivate the reed seedling;
Three, reed Cheng Miao
The reed seedling of new germinating on the clip reed rod, cultivated 55～65 days 35～40 centimetres of length of rectangular plastic magazine, wide 25～30 centimetres, high 10～12 centimetres in the hexagon plant module of it being planted to the rectangular plastic magazine that fills peat soil being convenient to transport or making with degradation material; 10～15 centimetres of the hexagon plant module length of sides, high 10～12 centimetres are watered once every day, make the moisture condition state of soil near the growth of natural reed community, and making it become height is 60～80 centimetres reed Cheng Miao;
Four, the reed Cheng Miao that cultivates is transported to will restoration and reconstruction the construction area, riverbank, transplant; According to the river course rank, take different engineering methods when transplanting reed community, specific as follows:
When the riverbed material particle size greater than 20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/60～1/50, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, connecting between concret block cuttage reed seedling in the slit;
When the riverbed material particle size 2～20 centimetres, when bed sloped is 1/100～1/400, or when the riverbed material particle size 1～3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/400～1/2000, take connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling in the slit between the connection concret block; Or take gabion shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in gabion; Or take the riprap protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in the slit between stone;
When the riverbed material particle size 0.3～1 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/700～1/5000, or when the riverbed material particle size less than 0.3 centimetre, when bed sloped is 1/5000～level, take gabion shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in gabion; Or take the riprap protection method, cuttage reed seedling or directly place reed plant module in the slit between stone; Or take placed rockfill shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling or place reed plant module in the slit between stone; Or take place mat string net shore protection method, cuttage reed seedling in mesh.
2, a kind of engineering method that recovers the degeneration riverbank with reed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection method in step 4 is: connecting-type concrete slab block is a cubic type, the surface is 0.8～1.2 meter for square, the length of side, thick is 8～12 centimetres, concrete plate body and function steel wire connects, slit between the concrete slab block is 1～2 centimetre, and its upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod.
3, a kind of engineering method that recovers the degeneration riverbank with reed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gabion shore protection method in step 4 is: cuboid or cylindrical cage that gabion is to use the galvanized wire material to be woven into to have grid, interior filling piece stone, gravel or cobble; Cuboid gabion length is that 2.0 meters～5.0 meters, width are that 0.6～1.0 meter, thickness are 0.3～0.8 meter, and 0.2～0.5 meter of cylindrical gabion diameter, length are 2.0～5.0 meters; The galvanized wire gabion is generally made framework with the galvanized wire of 6～8 millimeters of the galvanized wire netting of 2.5～4.0 millimeters of diameters and diameters, and width of mesh is generally 60～80 millimeters, and galvanized wire is taked galvanized iron wire or common galvanized wire, and gabion bank is along the river laid, and the upper end is fixed on the riverbank with drill rod.
4, a kind of engineering method according to claim 1 with reed recovery degeneration riverbank, it is characterized in that: the riprap protection method in step 4 is for using the tight hard limestone of stone matter, granite etc., and piece stone particle diameter is 3 centimetres～50 centimetres; Riprap protection thickness, the jackstone thickness of offshore part is 0.6～0.8 meter, and is 0.8～1.0 meter to the nearer jackstone thickness of offshore.
5, a kind of engineering method that recovers the degeneration riverbank with reed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the placed rockfill shore protection method in step 4, for shore protection is made of surface layer and bed course, surface layer piece stone size and thickness, the general piece stone that adopts the 20-30 kilopond, paving thickness is 30 centimetres.
6, a kind of engineering method that recovers the degeneration riverbank with reed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the place mat string net shore protection method in step 4, be laid immediately on the riverbank for using string to make string nets wide 0.9～1.1 meter, long 3.0～5.0 meters, and fix with wooden hammer drill, width of mesh is generally 6～8 millimeters.
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| CN1318321C (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2007-05-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Water purifying stone cage and method for stone cage water purification |
| CN100334933C (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-09-05 | 上海交通大学 | Method for building up water's edge with reeds |
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| CN103314837A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 东北师范大学 | Method for cultivating reed stem to sprout in timely, efficient and quick manner |
| CN105155463A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-16 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技有限公司 | Ecological dredging handling method for riverways or lakes |
| CN105519397A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-04-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Construction method of salix sungkianica revetment-biological habitat of river erosion bank |
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