CN1543796A - Method for preventing and treating postharvest disease of fruit and vegetable using sodium silicate or potassium silicate and liquid for preventing and treating postharvest disease of fruit and vegeta - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating postharvest disease of fruit and vegetable using sodium silicate or potassium silicate and liquid for preventing and treating postharvest disease of fruit and vegeta Download PDFInfo
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- CN1543796A CN1543796A CNA2003101153379A CN200310115337A CN1543796A CN 1543796 A CN1543796 A CN 1543796A CN A2003101153379 A CNA2003101153379 A CN A2003101153379A CN 200310115337 A CN200310115337 A CN 200310115337A CN 1543796 A CN1543796 A CN 1543796A
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- vegetables
- disease
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title description 60
- HHBOUFYYHJJTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,6-thiadiazepane-2,7-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NCCNC(=S)S1 HHBOUFYYHJJTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000222051 Papiliotrema laurentii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010064458 Penicilliosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 241001578974 Achlya <moth> Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013036 cure process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241001123663 Penicillium expansum Species 0.000 description 10
- 244000007021 Prunus avium Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000010401 Prunus avium Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000223602 Alternaria alternata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003840 Amygdalus nana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011446 Amygdalus persica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000220299 Prunus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011432 Prunus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014774 prunus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000126002 Ziziphus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008529 Ziziphus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012681 biocontrol agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a prevention and cure process for fruit and vegetable diseases after harvesting comprising, immersing or spraying the harvested fruit and vegetable with prevention and curing liquid of sodium silicate or potassium silicate. The invention also discloses a fruit and vegetable diseases prevention and cure liquid after harvesting, which comprises sodium silicate or potassium silicate solutions as active ingredients or/and other adjuncts, wherein the concentration of the water solution of sodium silicate or potassium silicate being 0.1%-2%, the invention exhibits appreciable prevention and cure effect for fruit and vegetable diseases after harvesting e.g. penicilliosis, achlya, brown rot, black rot and gray mold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control of crops postharvest disease, be specifically related to the method for preventing and treating and the control liquid of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.
Background technology
The loss that postharvest fruit and vegetable causes owing to rotting is very huge.At present, the conventional method that the control postharvest fruit and vegetable rots is to use chemical pesticide, yet, long-term use chemical pesticide can cause pathogen to develop immunity to drugs and reduce the protection effect of chemical agent, simultaneously, frequent and high concentration ground uses chemical agent can cause the residual quantity of agricultural chemicals in fruits and vegetables to increase and threatens human beings'health, and causes the pollution of environment.Along with the growing interest of people to healthy and environmental condition, the researcher has to seek to prevent more safely and effectively the new technology of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.Have and close report, some small-molecule substances, calcium ion for example, sodium bicarbonate has the effect that the obvious suppression fruit is adopted the main disease in back, and human body is not produced harm to these small-molecule substances or injury is very little, have good application prospects.
Sodium silicate is widely used a kind of little molecule inorganic compound in the daily life, another name waterglass, and sodium silicate, molecular formula is Na
2SiO
3Its purposes is very extensive, is to produce washing powder, the indispensable filler of soap in the light industry industry, and sodium silicate self also is a kind of high-duty detergent, also can be used for softening agent, the settling agent of civilian running water; Agriculturally be used to make the silicon element fertilizer material; In petroleum industry, be used to make the silica-alumina catalyst that catalysis, cracking are used; In chemical industry, be used to make silica gel, zeolite molecular sieve, white carbon and various silicates; In textile industry, be used to help dye, bleaching and sizing; In mechanical industry, be used for casting, hot investment casting, emery wheel manufacturing and anticolodal; In building industry, be used to make quick hardening cement, acid-resistant cement, dubbin, soil-solidified-agent, refractory material and corrugated sheet etc.; Aspect the mine, be used for ore dressing, waterproof and leak stopping.In addition, sodium silicate also has some other purposes, and for example, high-modulus sodium silicate is the binding agent of cardboard, carton, and timber soaks in sodium silicate and has fire performance etc. later.At present there is not the bibliographical information sodium silicate can be used for the control of disease as yet at postharvest fruit and vegetable.Sodium silicate is by quartz sand (SiO
2), soda ash (Na
2O) make through high temperature, studies show that the low silicon acid sodium solution does not produce harm to human body, can use safely.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide sodium silicate or the silicon potash fertilizer new purposes in the postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control, be specifically related to sodium silicate or the method for silicon potash fertilizer control postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables and the disease control liquid of postharvest fruit and vegetable.
The present invention at first provides the method for preventing and treating of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables, comprises the process that the fruits and vegetables after plucking are soaked or spray with the control liquid that contains sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer.
Preventing and treating in the method for above-mentioned postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables, the control liquid that contains sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer is sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution, its concentration range is 0.1～2%.
Preventing and treating in the method for above-mentioned postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables soak time in sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution is 3～5 minutes.
The present invention provides postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control liquid simultaneously, and it comprises as the sodium silicate of active component or potassium silicate solution or/and other assistant agent.
In the above-mentioned postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control liquid, described control liquid is 0.1%～2% sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution.
In the above-mentioned postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control liquid, described control liquid is that the viable bacteria concentration of 0.1%～2% sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution and preparation in addition is 1 * 10
6CFU/ml～1 * 10
9The antagonism bacterium Cryptococcuslaurentii biological control assistant agent of CFU/ml.
Adopting technique scheme, is post-harvest fresh-keeping and the disease control that sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer is applied to fruits and vegetables, and effect is remarkable, and is easy to use, both can also can use by the method that sprays by soaking.In addition, sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer can be used to reach better control efficiency with the biological control assistant agent.Use sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer to prevent and treat postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables, can reduce the consumption of chemical pesticide and the residual hazard on fruit and vegetable food, to protecting health and preventing the pollution of the environment all very important.Simultaneously, also help the foreign exchange earning of China's high-quality fruit and vegetable food, economic benefit and social benefit very are remarkable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 handles the control efficiency figure that the sweet cherry fruit is adopted back penicilliosis and brown rot for sodium silicate under the room temperature;
Fig. 2 is that sodium silicate is handled the control efficiency figure that the peach fruit is adopted back penicilliosis and brown rot under the low temperature (0 ℃);
Fig. 3 adopts the control efficiency figure of back penicilliosis and brown rot to the sweet cherry fruit for sodium silicate under the room temperature and the processing of antagonism bacterium;
Fig. 4 is that sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium are handled the control efficiency figure that the peach fruit is adopted back penicilliosis and brown rot under the low temperature (0 ℃);
Fig. 5 is that silicon potash fertilizer is handled the control efficiency figure that the peach fruit is adopted back penicilliosis and brown rot under the low temperature (0 ℃).
Embodiment
The present invention has mainly proposed sodium silicate or the new purposes of silicon potash fertilizer in the postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control, and specifically is used in the method and postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control liquid of control postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.
According to the present invention,, mainly comprise fruits and vegetables are immersed in containing sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer control liquid or spraying the process that contains sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer control liquid to fruits and vegetables preventing and treating in the method for postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.Containing sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer control liquid, both can be sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution, also can be the liquid that sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution and other assistant agent are used, and other assistant agent includes antagonism bacterium biocontrol agent, low dosage bactericide or the like.Here, sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer are the active components of preventing and treating disease, and it directly suppresses disease and generates or kill the germ that multiplies, and its control efficiency can be by experiment one, experiment two and test five and verified:
Experiment one: sodium silicate is handled the control efficiency to sweet cherry fruit penicilliosis and brown rot.
1.1 experiment material
Fruit: (Prunus avivum L.cv.Hongdeng) is test material with red light sweet cherry fruit.Fruit derives from Shandong.Precooling under 0 ℃ of condition immediately behind the fruit harvesting, and transport Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences to refrigerator car.
Pathogen: mould germ (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot germ (Molinilia fructicola).Working concentration all is 1 * 10
4(spores/ml).
1.2 processing method
Inoculation following treatment fluid: A, 0.1% sodium silicate respectively after the sweet cherry fruit is stabbed; B, 0.5% sodium silicate; C, 1% sodium silicate; D, H
2O.The inoculum concentration of various treatment fluids is 25 μ l.Behind the 4h, inoculating 20 μ l concentration is 1 * 10
4The mould of individual/ml and brown rot germ.Fruit is preserved under room temperature after handling.Observe its incidence of disease and scab diameter after 3 days.
1.3 experimental result:
The sweet cherry fruit is adopted back penicilliosis (Penicillium expansum) to 0.1%～1% sodium silicate and brown rot (Molinilia fructicola) all has significant inhibition effect, referring to Fig. 1, along with the raising of sodium silicate working concentration, its control efficiency also improves.
Experiment two. sodium silicate is handled the control efficiency to peach fruit penicilliosis and brown rot.
2.1 experiment material
Fruit: this research is test material with peach fruit (Amygdalus persica L).Fruit derives from Beijing woods fruit institute.Transport Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences behind the fruit harvesting immediately to.
Pathogen: mould germ (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot germ (Molinilia fructicola).Working concentration all is 1 * 10
4(spores/ml).
2.2 processing method
Inoculation following treatment fluid: A, 0.1% sodium silicate respectively after the peach fruit is stabbed; B, 0.5% sodium silicate; C, 1% sodium silicate; D, H
2O.The inoculum concentration of various treatment fluids is 30 μ l.Behind the 4h, inoculating 20 μ l concentration is 1 * 10
4The mould of individual/ml and brown rot germ.Fruit is preserved under low temperature (0 ℃) after handling.Observe its incidence of disease and scab diameter after 30 days.
2.3 experimental result:
Penicilliosis (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot (Molinilia fructicola) all had significant inhibition effect after 0.1%～1% sodium silicate was adopted the peach fruit under the low temperature (0 ℃), referring to Fig. 2, along with the raising of sodium silicate working concentration, its control efficiency also improves.
Above-mentioned experiment confirm the control efficiency of sodium silicate to diseases of garden stuff.Below concrete composition by specific embodiment explanation the inventive method and control liquid.
One: 2% sodium silicate aqueous solution of embodiment is used to prevent and treat diseases of garden stuff
Take by weighing 100 gram sodium silicate, it is stand-by to be mixed with 2% the aqueous solution.Get 2 kilograms of winter-jujube fruits, wherein half soaked in 2% sodium silicate aqueous solution 3～5 minutes, took out the back and dried naturally, be placed in the carton, second half does not do any processing, is placed in the same carton and preserves under low temperature (0 ℃), keeps 95% relative moisture; Observe its incidence of disease after 60 days, record the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 sodium silicate is handled the control efficiency (0 ℃) of winter-jujube fruit being adopted the main disease in back.
| Handle | Penicilliosis | Soft rot | Black rot | Total incidence |
| Contrast | 22.2％ | 8.3％ | 30％ | 60.5％ |
| Sodium silicate (2%) | 7.2％ | 2.2％ | 4.4％ | 13.8％ |
By data in the table as can be seen, after depositing through 60 days, the sample total incidence of handling through sodium silicate is about 14%, and undressed sample total incidence reaches 60%, illustrates that processing method and treatment fluid that this is routine have than positive effect control fruit disease.
The sample that this example is treated, with the clear water cleaning, after normally washing by rubbing with the hands and soaking 1 minute, the sodium silicate that remains on the fruit crust can be removed, and does not influence edible before edible.
Two: 1% sodium silicate aqueous solutions of embodiment are used to prevent and treat diseases of garden stuff
Take by weighing 100 gram sodium silicate, it is stand-by to be mixed with 1% the aqueous solution.Respectively get 10 and newly adopt cucumber, wherein 10 usefulness 1% sodium silicate aqueous solutions spray, and do not do any processing for 10 in addition.After all cucumber are dried naturally, use film wrapped respectively, be placed in the same carton and preserve under room temperature; Since the 10th day, observed an incidence of disease every 10 days, record the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2:1% sodium silicate aqueous solution is handled the control efficiency (room temperature) of cucumber being adopted the main disease in back.
| Handle | Anthracnose | Gray mold | Continuous mildew | Total incidence |
| Observed in the 10th day | ||||
| Contrast | 6.8％ | 2.2％ | 5.0％ | 14.0％ |
| Sodium silicate (1%) | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Observed in the 20th day | ||||
| Contrast | 12.4％ | 7.5％ | 23.0％ | 42.9％ |
| Sodium silicate (1%) | 3.2％ | 1.0％ | 2.8％ | 7.0％ |
| Observed in the 30th day | ||||
| Contrast | 20.8％ | 13.2％ | 62％ | 96.0％ |
| Sodium silicate (1%) | 7.6％ | 3.5％ | 6.4％ | 17.5％ |
By table 2 data as can be seen, the sample of handling through the example method and treatment fluid was deposited through 10 days, disease does not take place, and undressed sample had reached 14% the incidence of disease under the similarity condition; And through after 30 days, undressed sample is whole introduced diseases almost, and the sample total incidence of handling through sodium silicate has only 17.5%, illustrates that processing method and treatment fluid that this is routine have than positive effect equally to the control vegetable disease.
The sample that this example is treated cleans with clear water before edible, and after normally washing by rubbing with the hands and soaking 1 minute, the sodium silicate that remains on the vegetable surface can be removed by major part, and micro-not remove clean sodium silicate harmless.
The present invention uses sodium silicate aqueous solution can prevent and treat the generation of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables more significantly.Take place for thoroughly suppressing disease, the present invention is used sodium silicate aqueous solution and biological assistant agent, can reach better control efficiency.
Experiment three: the common control efficiency of handling sweet cherry fruit penicilliosis and brown rot of sodium silicate and biological assistant agent.
3.1 experiment material
Fruit: this research is test material with red light sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avivum L.cv.Hongdeng).Fruit derives from Shandong.Precooling under 0 ℃ of condition immediately behind the fruit harvesting, and transport Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences to refrigerator car.
Pathogen: mould germ (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot germ (Molinilia fructicola).Working concentration all is 1 * 10
4(spores/ml).
3.2 processing method
(deposit number CGMCC-1029, concentration is 1 * 10 to inoculate following treatment fluid: A, antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii after the sweet cherry fruit is stabbed respectively
6CFU/ml); B, H
2O.The inoculum concentration of various treatment fluids is 25 μ l.Inoculation 20 μ l concentration are 1 * 10 behind the 4h
4The mould of individual/ml or brown rot germ; Inoculate 25 μ l concentration behind the fruit inoculation pathogen 24h in same wound and be 1% sodium silicate, in contrast with the fruit of inoculation sterile water.Fruit is preserved under room temperature after handling.Observe its incidence of disease and scab diameter after 3 days.
3.3 experimental result:
Sodium silicate or pick up antibiotic independent use and the sweet cherry fruit is adopted back penicilliosis (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot (Molinilia fructicola) significant inhibition effect (Fig. 3) is all arranged, it is better that both are used effect, can suppress penicilliosis and brown rot fully.
Experiment four: the common control efficiency of handling winter-jujube fruit penicilliosis and black rot of sodium silicate and biological assistant agent.
4.1 experiment material
Fruit: this research is test material with winter-jujube fruit (Zizyphus jujuba cv Dongzao).Fruit derives from Shandong.Precooling under 0 ℃ of condition immediately behind the fruit harvesting, and transport Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences to refrigerator car.
Pathogen: mould germ (Penicillium expansum) and black rot (Alternaria alternata).Working concentration all is 1 * 10
5(spores/ml).
4.2 processing method
(deposit number CGMCC-1029, concentration is 1 * 10 to inoculate following treatment fluid: A, antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii after winter-jujube fruit is stabbed respectively
6CFU/ml); B, H
2O.The inoculum concentration of various treatment fluids is 30 μ l.Inoculation 20 μ l concentration are 1 * 10 behind the 4h
5The mould of individual/ml or brown rot germ; Inoculate the sodium silicate of 30 μ l concentration 2% behind the fruit inoculation pathogen 24h in same wound, in contrast with the fruit of inoculation sterile water.Fruit is preserved under room temperature after handling.Observe its incidence of disease and scab diameter after 4 days.
4.3 experimental result:
Winter-jujube fruit is adopted back penicilliosis (Penicillium expansum) to the independent use of sodium silicate or antagonism bacterium and black rot (Alternaria alternata) all has significant inhibition effect (Fig. 4), it is better that both are used effect, can suppress penicilliosis and black rot fully.
Three: 0.5% sodium silicate aqueous solutions of embodiment and 1 * 10
6The biological assistant agent control of CFU/ml antagonism bacterium diseases of garden stuff
Take by weighing 100 gram sodium silicate, it is stand-by to be mixed with 0.5% the aqueous solution; Preparing concentration in addition is 1 * 10
6Antagonism bacterium Crytococcus laurentii (deposit number CGMCC-1029) suspension of CFU/mld is as biological assistant agent; Get 2 kilograms of winter-jujube fruits, wherein half soaked in sodium silicate aqueous solution 3 minutes, took out the back and dried naturally, soaked 2 minutes in the biological assistant agent of antagonism bacterium again, was placed in the carton then; Second half does not do any processing, is placed in the same carton and preserves under low temperature (0 ℃), keeps 95% relative moisture; Observe its incidence of disease after 60 days, record the results are shown in Table 3:
Table 3 sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium are handled the control efficiency (0 ℃) of winter-jujube fruit being adopted the main disease in back.
| Handle | Penicilliosis | Soft rot | Black rot | Total incidence |
| Contrast | ??22.5％ | ??8.2％ | ??31％ | ??61.7％ |
| Sodium silicate adds the antagonism bacterium | ????0.2％ | ????0.5％ | ????0.4％ | ????1.1％ |
By table 3 data as can be seen, after depositing through 60 days, treated sample is fallen ill hardly, and undressed sample total incidence reaches more than 60%, and the generation that processing method that this is routine and treatment fluid can obviously suppress the fruit disease is described.
Four: 1% sodium silicate aqueous solutions of embodiment and 1 * 10
6The biological assistant agent control of CFU/ml antagonism bacterium diseases of garden stuff
Take by weighing 100 gram sodium silicate, it is stand-by to be mixed with 1% the aqueous solution; Preparing concentration in addition is 1 * 10
9The antagonism bacterium Crytococcus laurentii suspension of CFU/mld is as biological assistant agent; Respectively get 10 and newly adopt cucumber, dry naturally after wherein 10 usefulness 1% sodium silicate aqueous solutions spray, spray the biological assistant agent of antagonism bacterium again; Do not do any processing for 10 in addition.After all cucumber are dried naturally, use film wrapped respectively, be placed in the same carton and preserve under room temperature; Since the 10th day, observed an incidence of disease every 10 days, record the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: sodium silicate aqueous solution and antagonism bacterium are handled the control efficiency (room temperature) of cucumber being adopted the main disease in back.
| Handle | Anthracnose | Gray mold | Continuous mildew | Total incidence |
| Observed in the 10th day | ||||
| Contrast | 6.7％ | 2.1％ | 5.1％ | 13.9％ |
| Sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Observed in the 20th day | ||||
| Contrast | 12.5％ | 7.6％ | 22.1％ | 42.2％ |
| Sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.1％ | 0.1％ |
| Observed in the 30th day | ||||
| Contrast | 21.1％ | 13.1％ | 61.3％ | 95.5％ |
| Sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium | 0.2％ | 0.5％ | 0.8％ | 1.5％ |
By table 4 data as can be seen, the sample of handling through the example method and treatment fluid was deposited through 10 days, disease does not take place, and undressed sample surpassed 10% the incidence of disease under the similarity condition; And through after 30 days, undressed sample is whole introduced diseases almost, and have only 1.5% through the sample total incidence that sodium silicate and antagonism bacterium are handled, and processing method that this is routine and treatment fluid have highly significant to the control vegetable disease effect is described.
Above-mentioned experiment and embodiment have verified that the control liquid that contains sodium silicate has preventive and therapeutic effect to postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.For with silicon potash fertilizer like its performance classes, have equally postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables had control efficiency.
Experiment five. silicon potash fertilizer is handled the control efficiency to peach fruit penicilliosis and brown rot.
5.1 experiment material
Fruit: this research is test material with peach fruit (Amygdalus persica L).Fruit derives from Beijing woods fruit institute.Transport Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences behind the fruit harvesting immediately to.
Pathogen: mould germ (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot germ (Molinilia fructicola).Working concentration all is 1 * 10
4(spores/ml).
5.2 processing method
The peach fruit is stabbed back inoculation following treatment fluid: A, 0.1% silicon potash fertilizer; B, 0.5% silicon potash fertilizer; C, 1% silicon potash fertilizer; D, H
2O.The inoculum concentration of various treatment fluids is 30 μ l.Behind the 4h, inoculating 20 μ l concentration is 1 * 10
4The mould of individual/ml and brown rot germ.Fruit is preserved under low temperature (0 ℃) after handling.Observe its incidence of disease and scab diameter after 30 days.
5.3 experimental result:
Penicilliosis (Penicillium expansum) and brown rot (Molinilia fructicola) all had significant inhibition effect (Fig. 5) after silicon potash fertilizer was adopted the peach fruit under the low temperature (0 ℃), and along with the raising of silicon potash fertilizer working concentration, its control efficiency also improves.
Above-mentioned experiment confirm silicon potash fertilizer too to the control efficiency of diseases of garden stuff.
Among the present invention, the place of using sodium silicate among experiment and the embodiment all can replace with silicon potash fertilizer, gives unnecessary details no longer one by one at this.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of method of preventing and treating of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables comprises the process that the fruits and vegetables after plucking are soaked or spray with the control liquid that contains sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer.
According to the method for preventing and treating of the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, the described control liquid that contains sodium silicate and silicon potash fertilizer is sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution, its concentration range is 0.1～2%.
According to the method for preventing and treating of the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, the described control liquid that contains sodium silicate or silicon potash fertilizer is that the viable bacteria concentration of 0.1% ~ 2% sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution and preparation in addition is 1 * 10
6CFU/ml～1 * 10
9The antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii biological control assistant agent of CFU/ml.
According to the method for preventing and treating of claim 2 or 3 described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables, it is characterized in that 4, fruits and vegetables soak time in control liquid is 3～5 minutes.
According to the method for preventing and treating of the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of claim 3, it is characterized in that 5, fruits and vegetables are handled with sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution earlier, handle with antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii biological control assistant agent more afterwards.
According to the method for preventing and treating of the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of claim 4, it is characterized in that 6, fruits and vegetables soak with sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution earlier, soak with antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii biological control assistant agent more afterwards.
7, a kind of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control liquid, it comprises as the sodium silicate of active component or potassium silicate solution.
8, according to the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables control of claim 7 liquid, it is characterized in that described control liquid is 0.1%～2% sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution.
According to the described postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables of claim 7 control liquid, it is characterized in that 9, described control liquid is that the viable bacteria concentration of 0.1%～2% sodium silicate or potassium silicate aqueous solution and preparation in addition is 1 * 10
6CFU/ml～1 * 10
9The antagonism bacterium Cryptococcus laurentii biological control assistant agent of CFU/ml.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100344750C (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-10-24 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Vacuum freeze-dried product of antagonist bacteria of yeast and its preparation method |
| CN100352914C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-12-05 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Vacuum freeze-dried product of antagonist bacteria C.laurentii of yeast and its preparation method |
| CN100368520C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Culture method of antagonising bacteria for yeast and its specific culture medium |
| CN103238633A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Prevention solution for preharvest disease of Huping jujube and application thereof |
| CN101433236B (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2013-08-28 | 青岛安芙兰芳香制品有限公司 | Amino-oligosacchride composite antistaling agent and preparation method thereof |
| US20150189893A1 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | Kel Eugene Lemons | Method for Treating Fresh Fruits and Fresh Vegetable Products |
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| CN111903456A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-10 | 常州市金坛区植保植检站 | Method for preventing and controlling phytophthora root rot of taros by using potassium silicate solution |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100352914C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-12-05 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Vacuum freeze-dried product of antagonist bacteria C.laurentii of yeast and its preparation method |
| CN100368520C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Culture method of antagonising bacteria for yeast and its specific culture medium |
| CN100344750C (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-10-24 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Vacuum freeze-dried product of antagonist bacteria of yeast and its preparation method |
| CN101433236B (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2013-08-28 | 青岛安芙兰芳香制品有限公司 | Amino-oligosacchride composite antistaling agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103238633A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Prevention solution for preharvest disease of Huping jujube and application thereof |
| CN103238633B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-05 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Prevention solution for preharvest disease of Huping jujube and application thereof |
| US20150189893A1 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | Kel Eugene Lemons | Method for Treating Fresh Fruits and Fresh Vegetable Products |
| CN108464345A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-31 | 许昌学院 | A kind of north sweet potato storing phase black spot control method |
| CN111903456A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-10 | 常州市金坛区植保植检站 | Method for preventing and controlling phytophthora root rot of taros by using potassium silicate solution |
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