CN1541096A - 模拟迪莫利德的化学性质和生物学活性的化合物 - Google Patents
模拟迪莫利德的化学性质和生物学活性的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1541096A CN1541096A CNA028156617A CN02815661A CN1541096A CN 1541096 A CN1541096 A CN 1541096A CN A028156617 A CNA028156617 A CN A028156617A CN 02815661 A CN02815661 A CN 02815661A CN 1541096 A CN1541096 A CN 1541096A
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- alkyl
- phenyl
- hydrogen
- chemical compound
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- AADVCYNFEREWOS-OBRABYBLSA-N Discodermolide Chemical compound C=C\C=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](OC(N)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C\C(C)=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C/[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1C AADVCYNFEREWOS-OBRABYBLSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 131
- AADVCYNFEREWOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-DDM Natural products C=CC=CC(C)C(OC(N)=O)C(C)C(O)C(C)CC(C)=CC(C)C(O)C(C)C=CC(O)CC1OC(=O)C(C)C(O)C1C AADVCYNFEREWOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 124
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- -1 Phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 178
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 157
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 69
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 45
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 claims description 44
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 41
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910004013 NO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- VRJHQPZVIGNGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-piperidinone Chemical compound O=C1CCNCC1 VRJHQPZVIGNGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000171 (C1-C6) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- BMZKZBWPMWEQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6h-1,2,5-thiadiazine Chemical compound C1SN=CC=N1 BMZKZBWPMWEQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furazan Chemical compound C=1C=NON=1 JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BBVIDBNAYOIXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C=1N=CON=1 BBVIDBNAYOIXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CO1 FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WIKVRBTVPSOQHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,5,2-dithiazine Chemical compound C1SNC=CS1 WIKVRBTVPSOQHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UNIDSVKTVBPZPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(oxadiazol-4-yl)morpholine Chemical compound O1CCN(CC1)C=1N=NOC1 UNIDSVKTVBPZPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Purine Natural products N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- SGDMQXAOPGGMAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SGDMQXAOPGGMAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCN1 XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003214 pyranose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002755 pyrazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 299
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 259
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 245
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 210
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 131
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 117
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 98
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 94
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 93
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 87
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 87
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 85
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 83
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 77
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 76
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 75
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 72
- 229960005499 (+)-discodermolide Drugs 0.000 description 71
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 71
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 66
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 66
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 65
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 61
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 59
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 59
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 57
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 57
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 57
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 50
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 49
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 47
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 39
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 39
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 38
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 21
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 19
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 19
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000005672 tetraenes Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 12
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 11
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical class [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 9
- NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dess–martin periodinane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2I(OC(=O)C)(OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910004161 SiNa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229930013356 epothilone Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
本发明提供了模拟迪莫利德的化学性质和/或生物学活性的化合物。
Description
政府资助
本发明的某些发明人受到美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutesof Health)资金GM-29028的资助。
技术领域
本发明涉及可模拟迪莫利德(discodermolide)的化学性质和/或生物学活性的化合物,和涉及制备所述化合物的方法和中间体。
背景技术
在1990年,Gunasekera和同事在Harbor Branch OceanographicInstitute报告了(+)-迪莫利德(1)的分离,所述(+)-迪莫利德(1)是海洋海绵Discodermia disso1uta的新型结构代谢物(0.002%w/w)(参见,Gunasekera等人,J.Org.Chem.1990,55,4912。订正:J.Org.Chem.1991,56,1346)。
最初的研究显示:(+)-迪莫利德在体外抑制双向混合淋巴细胞反应和刀豆素A诱导的鼠脾细胞的有丝分裂发生,而没有相关的细胞毒性。另外,(+)-1在体内抑制由于向F1受试小鼠体内注射双亲脾细胞所诱导的移植物-宿主的脾大反应,其效价介于环孢菌素A和FK506之间(Longley等人,Transplantation,1991,52,650;Longley等人,Transplantation,1991,52,656;Longley等人,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,1993,696,94)。这些发现促进了最近关于(+)-1的发现:(+)-1通过其与有丝分裂纺锤体微管结合并使微管稳定从而抑制细胞在M期的发育;因此迪莫利德的作用方式与紫杉醇相似,但1的微管结合亲合力更高(ter Haar等人,Biochemistry 1996,35,243;Hung等人,Chemi &Biol.,1996,3,287)。这些结果和其它结果都暗示了(+)-迪莫利德作为抗癌药剂具有相当的前途。然而,天然材料的缺乏阻碍了对其生物学作用进行完整评价。
迪莫利德的绝对构型在Schreiber等人合成了1的两个对映体之前仍未明确(Nerenberg等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1993,115,12621;Hung等人,Chem.& Diol.,1994,1,67)。有趣地是,非天然的(-)对映体也显示出显著的免疫抑制剂活性。最近,已经报告了(+)-迪莫利德的溶液结构及其在DMSO中的构象。Smith等人的“(+)-迪莫利德的溶液结构”,Organic Letters,2001,3卷,5,695-698和Montcagudo等人的“迪莫利德在DMSO中的构象”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2001,123(28),6929-6930。
据信微管为许多的正常细胞代谢过程、最重要的有丝分裂和细胞分裂所需。当这些结构及其相关的生物学功能受到干扰时,细胞不再进行正常的细胞周期并最终死亡。因此,微管成为癌症化疗药物的关键靶点,所述化疗药物包括许多不同的靶点为微管蛋白/微管系统的天然化合物。
从太平洋紫杉树分离的紫杉醇具有对抗多种人癌细胞系的活性并已被批准用于治疗人乳腺癌、卵巢癌和肺癌。Rowinsky,E.K,“Thedevelopment and clinical utility of the taxane class of antimicrotubulechemotherapy agents”,Annu.Rev,Med.1997,48,353-374。体外实验中,紫杉醇在缺少GTP的情况下诱导微管装配,所述GTP为微管装配通常所需。Schiff,P.B.等人的“Promotion of microtubule assemblyin vitro by紫杉醇”,Nature(Lond.)1979,277,665-667。生成的微管对于解聚条件,例如低温或Ca2+的添加是稳定的。因此,紫杉醇在细胞周期的有丝分裂阶段阻断细胞并引起微管成束,最终导致细胞死亡。Schiff,P.B.等人,“Taxol stabilizes microtubules in mouse fibroblastcells”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1980,77,1561-1565;Jordan,M.A.等人,“Mitotic block induced in HeLa cells by low concentrations ofpaclitaxel(Taxol)results in abnormal mitotic exit and apoptotic celldeath”,Cancer Res.,1996,56,816-825;Torres,K.等人,“Mechanismsof Taxol-induced cell death are concentration dependent”,Cancer Res.,1998,58,3620-3626。即使在低浓度下,药物对微管的动态不稳定性也有重要影响,显著地减少动态特性。Jordan,M.A.,等人“Mechanismof mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation by Taxol at lowconcentrations”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1990,90,9552-9556;Derry,W.B.,等人,“Substoichiometric binding of Taxol suppressesmicrotubule dynamics”,Biochemistry,1995,34,2203-2211。
也识别了其它新型的微管蛋白稳定剂,例如epothilones、eleutherobin和(+)-迪莫利德。Bollag,D.M.等人,“Epothilones,a newclass of microtubule-stabilizing agents with a Taxol-like mechanism ofaction”,Cancer-Res.,1995,55,2325-2333;Lindel,T.等人,“Eleutherobin,a new cytotoxin that mimics Paclitaxel(Taxol)by stabilizingmicrotubules”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1997,119,8744-8745;Ter Haar等人,“discodermolide,a cytotoxic marine agent that stabilizes microtublesmore potently than Taxol”,Biochemistry,1996,35,243-250;Hung,D.T.等人,“(+)-discodermolide binds to microtubules in stoichiometricratio to tubulin dimers,blocks taxol binding and results in mitotic arrest”,Chem.Biol.,1996,3,287-293。已经分别从粘杆菌发酵、海洋软珊瑚和海洋海绵中分离得到这些天然产物。虽然每种新化合物具有独特的效价,但它们都能促进稳定微管的装配并诱导细胞中的有丝分裂抑制和微管成束,具有与紫杉很类似的作用机理。用紫杉醇、epothilones、eleutherobin和(+)-迪莫利德进行了许多构效关系(SAR)研究和模型研究,用以寻找这些药物的共同药效基团模型。Winkler J.D.等人,“Amodel for the Taxol(Paclitaxel)/epothilone pharmacophore”,Bioorg.Afed.Chem.Lett.,1996,6,2963-2966;Ojima,I.等人,“A commonpharmacophore for cytotoxic natural products that stabilizemicrotubules”,Proc.Nati.Acad.Sci.,USA,1999,96,4256-4261;Wang,M..等人“A unified and quantitative receptor model for themicrotubule binding of Paclitaxel and epothilone”,Org.Lett.,1999,1,43-46;He,L.等人,“A common pharmacophore for Taxol and theepothilones based on the biological activity of a taxane molecule lacking aC-13 side chain”,Biochemistry,2000,39,3972-3978;Giannakakou,P.,“A common pharmacophore for epothilone and taxanes:molecular basisfor drug resistance conferred by tubulin mutations in human cancercells”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2000,97,2904-2909。
虽然(+)-迪莫利德被分离并起初被认为是潜在的免疫抑制剂,进一步研究显示(+)-迪莫利德的靶点是微管系统。Longley,R.E.等人“Immunosuppression by discodermolide”,Ann.N.Y.Acad Sci.,1993,696,94-107;参见如上提及的Ter Haar等人和Hung,D.T.等人的报道。例如,当(+)-迪莫利德与紫杉醇进行比较时,发现(+)-迪莫利德使MCF-7细胞中的成核微管蛋白装配和诱导微管成束方面作用更强,并对微管蛋白有更高的亲合力。参见如上提及的Ter Harr等人的报道和Kowalski,R.J.,等人的“The microtuble-stabilizing agentdiscodermolide competitively inhibits the binding of Paclitaxel(Taxol)totubulin polymers,enhances tubulin nucleation reactions more potently thanPaclitaxel,and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant cells”,Mol.Pharmacol.,1997,52,613-622。然而,在细胞中,(+)-迪莫利德比紫杉醇具有更低的细胞毒性。参见如上提及的Kowalski等人的报道和Martello,L.A.,等人的“Taxol and discodermolide represent asynergistic drug combination in human carcinoma cell lines”,Clin.CancerRes.,2000,6,1978-1987。此外,最近有报道说紫杉醇和(+)-迪莫利德在人癌细胞系中表现出协同的药物组合作用,并因而有可能包括一种有用的化疗药物组合。参见如上提及的Kowalski等人的报道。
迪莫利德天然产物的缺乏(0.002%w/w,得自冷冻海绵)大大地阻碍了这一药剂作为药物的进一步开发。因此迪莫利德吸引了来自合成领域的相当多的兴趣并导致其多种合成方法的产生也就不足为奇了。Nerenberg,J.B.等人,Total synthesis of the immunosuppressive agent(-)-discodermolide”,J Am.Chem.Soc.,1993,115,12621-12622;Smith,A.B.,III等人“Total synthesis of the discodermolide”,J Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011-12012;Harried,S.S.等人,“Total synthesisof discodermolide:an application of a chelationcontrolled alkylationreaction”,J Org.Chem.,1997,62,6098-6099;Marshall,J.A.等人,“Total synthesis of(+)-discodermolide”,J Org.Chem.,1998,63,7885-7892;Halstead,D.P.,“Total synthesis of(+)-miyakolide,(-)-discodermolide,and discodermolide”,博士论文,1998,1-199页;哈佛大学,剑桥,美国,Smith,A.B.,III等人“Gramscale synthesis of(+)-discodermolide”,Org.Lett.,1999,1,1823-1826;Paterson,I.等人,“Total synthesis of the antimicrotuble agent(+)-discomoderlide usingboron-mediated aldol reactions of chiral ketones”,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2000,39,377-380。
因此既需要一种用于制备迪莫利德的改进的合成方法,又需要与迪莫利德具有相似的化学性质和/或生物学活性的化合物。
发明概述
业已发现一类化合物能稳定作为癌化疗药物关键靶点的微管。与紫杉醇比较,这些化合物表现出能显著提高微管聚合的初始过程,并期望发现这些化合物能用于对抗过度表达P-糖蛋白的紫杉醇—耐受细胞系,所述P-糖蛋白是多药耐受的运输体。
因此,在一个方面,本发明提供了迪莫利德及其它多羟基内酯的合成方法。在一个方面,这些方法包括使式I的鏻盐与碱和式II的烷基硫醇接触形成式III的二烯:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R7、R8、R11、R12和R13独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R6为H或C1-C10烷基;
X是卤素;
Z、Z1和Z2独立地为O、S或NR′;
R4、R9、R14和R15独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R5为C6-C14芳基;
Y为O、S或NR′;
R′和R16独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;和
R10为C6-C14芳基。
在另一个实施方案中,式I化合物与下式XXIII化合物接触形成式XXXXX的二烯:
在另一个方面,本发明的方法包括制备下式IV的烯烃:
该方法可通过使式Va的有机金属试剂与式VIa的乙烯基卤化物接触而完成:
其中M为Li、Cu、Mg或Zn,R10为对酸稳定的羟基保护基,所有其它的变量的定义同上。作为选择,式Vb的乙烯基卤化物可以与式VIb的有机金属化合物接触:
在另一个方面,本发明的方法包括使式VIIIa的二烯与式Va有机金属化合物接触而生产式VII化合物:
其中R24为氢,R25为氢或对酸稳定的羟基保护基。作为选择,式VIIIb的有机金属化合物可以与式Vb的乙烯基卤化物接触:
本发明的方法也包括通过使式IX的鏻盐与碱和式II的烷基硫醇化合物接触而生产式VIIIa的二烯:
本发明也提供了包括式I-IX和下式X化合物的合成中间体,其用于制备多羟基内酯:
其中:
R19、R20、R21和R22独立地为C1-C10烷基;和
R23为C7-C15芳烷基。
本发明也提供了可模拟迪莫利德的化学性质和/或生物学活性的化合物。在优选实施方案中,这些化合物具有下式XI的结构:
其中:
R30为取代的或未取代的C1-C10烷基或为式XII或XIII部分:
其中A为C1-C20烷基、-CH2NH(T)或式XIV部分:
其中:
T为具有1-约10个氨基酸的肽;
R32、R40、R42、R43、R46、R47和R48立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R41为氨基酸侧链;
W1和W2独立地为-OR49或-NHP1;
P1为氢或胺保护基;
R33和R36独立地为氢、C1-C10烷基、-OR50、=O或一起形成-CH2-CH2-;
R34和R35独立地为氢或一起形成-C(H)=C(H)-C(H)=C(H)-;
R39为-OR51或-CH2-R51;
R31和R44独立地为C1-C10烷基;
Q1和Q2独立地为氢、-ORQ、-NHR52,-OC(=O)NH2或一起形成-O-C(O)-NH-;
RQ为氢或羟基保护基;
R51为取代的或未取代的C6-C14芳基、四氢吡喃基、呋喃糖基,吡喃糖基(例如,四甲基海藻糖基、四甲基甘露糖基、四甲基garactosyl和四甲基葡糖基)、C3-C10内酯基或2-吡喃酮基;
R45为C1-C6烯基、C1-C6烷基、C6-C14芳基、C2-C10杂环烷基、C3-C10环烷基或C7-C15芳烷基;和
R49、R50和R52独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基。
在另一个方面,本发明提供制备下式XX酰胺的方法:
其中Ar为C6-C14芳基,该方法包括使式XXI化合物:
与式XXII化合物在可有效形成酰胺的条件下接触一定时间:
本发明也提供了制备下式XXIII化合物的方法:
该方法包括步骤:使式XXIV的醛:
与式XXV的烯醇醚在肽盐存在下在可有效形成式XXVI的烯酮的条件下接触一定时间:
然后,这些烯酮与还原剂在可有效形成相应的烯醇的条件下接触一定时间,烯醇与式R-L化合物(其中L是离去集团)在可有效形成被护烯醇的条件下接触一定时间,被护烯醇与氧化剂在可有效氧化被护烯醇的碳碳双键的条件下接触一定时间。
本发明也提供了通过使式XXVIII的醛与式XXIX的α-卤代砜在可有效形成卤代烯烃的条件下接触一定时间而制备XXVII的卤代烯烃的方法:
本发明也提供了式XXX的卤代烯烃的制备方法:
该方法包括步骤:使式XXXI化合物:
与三苯基膦和四卤化碳在可有效形成下式XXXII的二卤代烯烃的条件下接触一定时间:
该二卤代烯烃与有机金属化合物(如二甲基铜酸锂;或烷基锌化合物,如氯化甲基锌或溴化甲基锌)在催化剂存在下在可有效形成卤代烯烃的条件下接触一定时间。
本发明的另一个方法涉及式XXXIII二烯的合成:
该方法包括使式XXXIV的鏻盐:
与碱和式XXXV化合物在可有效形成二烯的条件下接触一定时间:
本发明也提供了下式XXXVI化合物的制备方法:
该方法包括使式XXXVII化合物:
其中J为C1-C10烷基、C6-C14芳基、C6-C14烷芳基、C6-C14烷杂芳基、C2-C10杂环烷基或C2-C10杂环烯基(优选4-甲氧苯基、4-羟基苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基);
与下式XXXIV的鏻盐和碱接触:
本发明也提供了具有下式XXXIII-XXXXV的合成中间体:
本发明也提供了通过使哺乳动物细胞与本发明的化合物接触或通过对正经受不希望有的细胞增殖的哺乳动物投用本发明的化合物(或包含该化合物的药物组合物)而抑制哺乳动物细胞增殖的方法。本发明也提供了抑制哺乳动物体内移植器官排斥的方法,该方法包括对哺乳动物器官接受者投用本发明的化合物或组合物。
本发明也提供了下式卤代烯烃的制备方法:
其中:
R6选自H和C1-C6烷基;
R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R9为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R10为对DDQ不稳定的保护基;和
X为卤素;
该方法包括使下式的醛:
与式R6(R18)3PX化合物和X2在碱存在下在可有效形成卤代烯烃的条件下接触一定时间,其中R18为C6-C14芳基。
本发明也提供了下式的三烯的制备方法:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10为羟基保护基;
该方法包括使下式的醛:
与式Ph2PCH2CH=CH2化合物在碱和式Ti(O-R27)4存在下接触,其中R27为C1-6烷基;然后用R28X在可有效形成三烯的条件下处理一定时间,其中R28为C1-6烷基,X为卤素。
本发明也提供一种方法,该方法包括使下式的三烯:
和下式的化合物接触:
其中X为第一卤素,R26选自C6-14芳基和C1-6烷基;
形成下式的三烯醇:
和;使三烯醇与Y2在P(R18)3和碱存在下在可形成下式化合物的条件下接触,其中R18为C6-14芳基,Y为第二卤素:
本发明也提供了下式醛的制备方法:
该方法包括使下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地选自对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10为三苯甲基;
与氢化物接触形成下式的醇,和氧化该醇形成醛。
本发明也提供了下式四烯的制备方法:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
J选自以下各式:
烷芳基;和烷杂芳基;
其中:
R32为H或C1-C6烷基,R33为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
该方法包括使J-CHO化合物:
J-CHO
与下式的鏻盐在碱存在下在可有效形成四烯的条件下接触一定时间:
其中R18为C6-C14芳基。
本发明也提供了下式四烯的制备方法:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;和
J选自以下各式:
烷芳基,和烷杂芳基;
其中:
R32为H或C1-C6烷基,R33为H;
该方法包括使下式的醇:
其中R4、R9和R33为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
与下式的异氰酸酯接触形成氨基甲酸酯中间体,其中X为卤素:
X3CC(=O)NCO
使氨基甲酸酯中间体与中性氧化铝接触形成下式的氨基甲酸酯:
和;通过使氨基甲酸酯与酸在质子溶剂中接触,除去对酸不稳定的羟基保护基形成四烯。
本发明也提供了几种制备下式醇的方法:
在一种方法中,该方法包括下式化合物:
与下式化合物:
其中R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基,R35选自C4烷基和卤素;
在金属偶合催化剂存在下在可有效形成下式的偶合产物的条件下接触一定时间,并使偶合产物脱保护形成所述醇:
在另一种方法中,通过使下式化合物:
其中:
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;
R35选自CH2P(R18)3X、CHO、-P(=O)Ph2、和下式:
X为卤素;和
R18为C6-14芳基;
与下式化合物:
J-R35
在碱存在下接触形成下式的偶合产物,并使该偶合产物脱保护形成醇:
本发明也提供了制备下式醇的方法:
其中:
R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R10为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;
R34选自(CH2)nC6-C14芳基和(CH2OCH2)C6-C14芳基,其中所述芳基被0-3个R35取代;
R35选自F、CF3、Br、Cl和NO2;和
n选自0和1;
该方法包括使下式化合物:
与下式的烯醇化物在Lewis酸存在下在可有效形成所述醇的条件
下接触一定时间:
本发明也提供了下式的中间体化合物:
其中:
R6为C1-C4烷基;
R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R9为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R10为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
X为卤素。
本发明也提供了下式的中间体化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10为三苯甲基;和
R29选自OH、CHO和-CH=CH-CH=CH2。
本发明也提供了下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40选自OR25和OC(=O)NH2;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
J选自以下各式:
烷芳基和烷杂芳基;
其中:
R32为C1-C6烷基;和
R33选自H和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基。
本发明也提供了下式I-a的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、R8和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C10烷基;
R4和R9选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40为-OC(=R25a)NR25bR25c;
R25a选自O、S、NR25e
R25e选自氢和C1-6烷基;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、ORc、C(=O)Rb、S(O)pRb、(CH2)rC3-C12碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、碳环和杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
作为选择,R25b和R25c可和与它们结合的氮一起形成5元的或6元杂环,该杂环含有0-3个另外的选自O、S和N的杂原子,其中杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)Rb、CO2RC、OC(O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORc、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、S(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
R40a选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基、(CH2)r杂环基,其中R40a被0-5个Re取代,或作为选择,R40a具有下式结构:
其中R40b和R40c独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、(CH2)rNRaRa、(CH2)rORc、(CH2)rC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rCO2RC、(CH2)rOC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rOC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)ORb、(CH2)rNRaS(=O)2Rb、(CH2)rS(=O)2NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)Rb、(CH2)rC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rCH=NORc、(CH2)rCH=NRa、(CH2)rCH=NNRaRa、(CH2)rC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C1-10烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-8炔基、(CH2)rC3-C10碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
Ra独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rb独立地选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rc独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基和(CH2)r苯基,其中Rc被0-5个Re取代;
Rd独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
Re独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I、ORf、NO2、CN、CF3、CF2CF3、C1-4烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、CO2Rf、OC(=O)Rf、C(=O)Rf、NHC(=O)Rf、OC(=O)NRfRf、NRfRf、C(=NR NRfRf、NRfC(=O)NRfRf、(CH2)r苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、(CH2)r杂环和=O;
Rf独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基;
Rg独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
J为-A-B或-B;
A为被0-3个Re取代的C1-6烷基;
B选自C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中碳环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代;
RJa选自=O、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)Rb、CO2RC、OC(=O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORC、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环、杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
r选自0、1、2、3和4;
q选自1、2、3和4;和
p选自1和2;其中式I-a化合物不同于迪莫利德。
附图说明
本领域的技术人员参考图可以更好地理解本发明的各种目的和益处,在这些图中:
图1表示(-)-迪莫利德1的逆合成分析。
图2表示化合物(+)-5的合成路线。
图3表示片段A的合成路线。
图4表示化合物22的合成路线。
图5表示化合物39的合成路线。
图6表示化合物15和25的合成路线。
图7表示化合物34的合成路线。
图8表示片段C的合成路线。
图9表示片段B的合成路线。
图10表示化合物39的合成路线。
图11表示化合物40的合成路线。
图12表示化合物49的合成路线。
图13表示化合物53和46的合成路线。
图14表示化合物56的合成路线。
图15表示化合物1的合成路线。
图16表示化合物104的合成路线。
图17表示化合物107的合成路线。
图18表示化合物206的合成路线。
图19表示化合物212的合成路线。
图20表示化合物217的合成路线。
图21表示化合物305的合成路线。
图22表示化合物309的合成路线。
图23表示化合物401的合成路线。
图24表示化合物501的合成路线。
图25表示化合物601的合成路线。
图26表示化合物701(R=烷基)的合成路线。
图27表示化合物808的合成路线。
图28表示化合物801的合成路线。
图29表示化合物901的合成路线。
图30表示化合物1003的合成路线。
图31表示化合物1104(Ar为2,4-二甲基-3-甲氧基苯基(a)、2-甲基-5-甲氧基苯基(b)、2,4-二甲基-5-甲氧基苯基(c)、2,4-二甲基苯基(d)和4-甲基苯基(e))的合成路线。
图32表示化合物1111的合成路线。
图33-36表示本发明的代表化合物。
图37表示化合物(-)-5的合成路线。
图38表示化合物67的合成路线。
图39表示化合物(+)-B的合成路线。
图40表示化合物58的合成路线。
图41表示化合物86的合成路线。
图42表示化合物58的合成路线。
图43表示化合物(+)-B的合成路线。
图44表示化合物89的合成路线。
图45表示化合物75的合成路线。
图46表示化合物(+)-59的合成路线。
图47表示化合物(+)-迪莫利德的合成路线。
图48表示化合物95的合成路线。
图49表示化合物94的合成路线。
图50表示化合物58的合成路线。
图51表示化合物1205的合成路线。
图52表示化合物1209的合成路线。
图53表示化合物1211的合成路线。
图54表示化合物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv的合成路线。
图55表示母体醛67c的合成路线。
图56表示(+)-迪莫利德、(-)-紫杉醇、(-)-Eleutherobin和(-)-埃博霉素A和B的结构
图57表示化合物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv的结构。
图58表示化合物75a的合成路线。
图59表示(-)-紫杉醇、(+)-迪莫利德和化合物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv在微管蛋白聚合试验中的体外活性。
图60表示(+)-迪莫利德和化合物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv在测量对[3H]紫杉醇与微管结合的竞争性抑制试验中的结果。
图61表示通过流式细胞术分析证明了(+)-迪莫利德和化合物I-i、I-ii、I-iii及I-iv诱导A549细胞内的有丝分裂抑制。
图62表示(+)-迪莫利德模拟紫杉醇并与P-微管蛋白内由Gly368、Thr274、His227和Asp224形成的穴结合。(a)模型I:(+)-迪莫利德的折叠U型骨架与紫杉醇的紫杉烷(taxane)环相配,(+)-迪莫利德的C19侧链模拟紫杉醇的C2侧链,而(+)-迪莫利德的δ-内酯模拟紫杉醇的C13侧链;(b)模型II:(+)-迪莫利德的δ-内酯与紫杉醇的C2侧链相配,(+)-迪莫利德的C19侧链模拟紫杉醇的C13侧链;(c)模型I:(+)-泰素帝;(+)-迪莫利德;(d)模型II:从(b)可见,(+)-迪莫利德和与P-微管蛋白内穴相结合的紫杉醇在第二方位相适合。
图63表示迪莫利德的三重集中的合成方案。
图64表示化合物97a的合成方案。
图65表示迪莫利德的三重集中的合成方案。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了模拟迪莫利德的化合物。在某些实施方案中,这些化合物使微管蛋白稳定,在对紫杉醇耐受并过量表达P-糖蛋白的细胞系中具有活性,和/或与紫杉醇相比可增强微管蛋白聚合的引发过程。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物具有下式I-a:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、R8和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C10烷基;
R4和R9选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40为-OC(=R25a)NR25bR25c;
R25a选自O、S、NR25e;
R25e选自氢和C1-6烷基;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、ORc、C(=O)Rb、S(O)pRb、(CH2)rC3-C12碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、碳环和杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
作为选择,R25b和R25c可和与它们结合的氮一起形成5元的或6元杂环,该杂环含有0-3个另外的选自O、S和N的杂原子,其中杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)RB、CO2Rc、OC(O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORc、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、S(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
R40a选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基、(CH2)r杂环基,其中R40a被0-5个Re取代,或作为选择,R40a具有下式结构:
其中R40b和R40c独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、(CH2)rNRaRa、(CH2)rORc、(CH2)rC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rCO2RC、(CH2)rOC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rOC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)ORb、(CH2)rNRaS(=O)2Rb、(CH2)rS(=O)2NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)Rb、(CH2)rC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rCH=NORc、(CH2)rCH=NRa、(CH2)rCH=NNRaRa、(CH2)rC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C1-10烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-8炔基、(CH2)rC3-C10碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
Ra独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rb独立地选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rc独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基和(CH2)r苯基,其中Rc被0-5个Rc取代;
Rd独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
Re独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I、ORf、NO2、CN、CF3、CF2CF3、C1-4烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、CO2Rf、OC(=O)Rf、C(=O)Rf、NHC(=O)Rf、OC(=O)NRfRf、NRfRf、C(=NRf)NRfRf、NRfC(=O)NRfRf、(CH2)r苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、(CH2)r杂环和=O;
Rf独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基;
Rg独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
J为-A-B或-B;
A为被0-3个Re取代的C1-6烷基;
B选自C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中碳环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代;
RJa选自=O、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)Rb、CO2RC、OC(=O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORC、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环、杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
r选自0、1、2、3和4;
q选自1、2、3和4;和
p选自1和2;
前提条件是当R1、R2、R6、R7和R8为甲基时,R3为甲基或氢,R25a为氧,R4、R9、R16、R25b、R25c为氢,R40a为下式:
其中R40b和R40c为氢;或R40b和R40c之一为氢,另一个为(CH2)3OCOC(CH3)3,
J不同于被0-2个C(=O)CH3取代的下式的基团:
J为:
和
其中RJb为S-苯基或O(CH2)2NHCO烷基。
在某些优选实施方案中,R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、R8和R16独立地选自氢和甲基;
R40为-OC(=O)NR25bR25C;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rC3-C12碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、碳环和杂环被0-3个R25d取代;
选择性地,R25b和R25c可与氮连接,它们与氮结合形成5元的或6元杂环,该杂环含有0-1个另外选自O、S和N的杂原子,其中杂环选择性地被0-3个R25d取代;
R40a为下式:
A不存在或为被0-3个Re取代的C1-3烷基;
B选自C3-C6碳环和5元的或6元的杂环,其中碳环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代;
r选自0、1、2和3;和
q选自1、2和3。
在某些更优选的实施方案中,R3为甲基。
在某些更优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物式I-b:
其中R40b、R25b、R25c和J选自上述取代基,R6选自氢和甲基。
在式I-b化合物的某些优选实施方案中,A不存在或选自CH2和CH2CH2,其中CH2和CH2CH2被0-1个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2和=O的Re取代;和
B选自苯基和5元或6元杂环,其中苯基和杂环被0-5个RJa取代。
在某些优选实施方案中,B选自苯基、6-元内酯环和杂环,所述杂环选自2-吡咯烷酮基、2H-吡咯基、4-哌啶酮基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、呋喃基、呋咱基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑基、异噁唑基、吗啉基、噁二唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑烷基、噁唑基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、蝶啶基、哌啶酮基、4-哌啶酮基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、吡咯基、四氢呋喃基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、噻酚并噻唑基、噻酚并噁唑基、噻酚并咪唑、苯硫基、三嗪基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,5-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、四唑,其中苯基、内酯环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代。
在某些优选实施方案中,B选自苯基、吡啶基、和选自下面二式的6元内酯环:
其中苯基、吡啶基和内酯环被0-3个RJa取代。
在某些优选实施方案中,A为被0-1个OH取代的CH2CH2,RJa选自OH和甲基。在某些优选实施方案中,R40b为氢。在某些优选实施方案中,R25b和R25c为氢。
在某些优选实施方案中,R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、芴基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基和苯基被0-2个R25d取代;
Rb选自C1-6烷基、苯基、苄基和苯乙基,其中Rb被0-3个Re取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OC1-6烷基、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2C1-6烷基、OC(=O)C1-6烷基、C(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基,其中苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基被0-3个Re取代;和
Re选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3,、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2,和NH2。
在某些优选的实施方案中,R25b是氢,R25c选自S(O)2C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、芴基、用0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、和NH2的R25b取代的S(O)2苯基;和用0-3个选自苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的R25d取代的苯基,其中苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基被0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3和NH2的Re取代。
在某些优选的实施方案中,R40b选自氢、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和苯基被0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的Re所取代;r选自1和2。
在某些优选的实施方案中,R40b选自氢、CH2、CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2和(CH2)苯基,其中CH2、CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2和苯基被0-1个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2CH3,OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的Re取代。
在某些优选的实施方案中,R40b选自氢、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和苯基被0-3个Re所取代;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、芴基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基和苯基被0-2个R25d取代;
Rb选自C1-6烷基、苯基、苄基和苯乙基,其中Rb被0-3个Re取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OC1-6烷基、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2C1-6烷基、OC(=O)C1-6烷基、C(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基,其中苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基被0-3个Re取代;和
Re选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3,、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基;
A为被0-1个OH取代的CH2CH2;和
B选自苯基、吡啶基、和选自下面二式的6元内酯环:
其中苯基、吡啶基和内酯环被0-3个选自OH和甲基的RJa取代;和
r选自1和2。
在其它的实施方案中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,该组合物包括药学可接受的载体和本文所述的治疗有效量的化合物或其药学可接受盐。
在其它的实施方案中,本发明提供用于稳定微管的方法,所述方法包括对于患者投用,优选对需要稳定微管的患者投用治疗有效量的本文所述的化合物。
定义
如本文所用的,以下术语和表达具有指定含义。可以理解,本发明的化合物可包括不对称取代的碳原子,可以以旋光体或者消旋体被分离。本领域公知如何制备旋光体,例如,从旋光起始原料开始,通过消旋体拆分或通过合成制备。除非特别指出具体的立体化学形式或者异构体形式,本发明的结构包括所有手性形式、非对映形式、消旋体和所有的几何异构体。
“稳定的化合物”和“稳定的结构”表示化合物足够稳固,能从反应混合物中分离而得到具有有用程度的纯度,并能被配制成有效的治疗剂。根据本发明优选稳定的化合物。
本文公开的化合物可为“取代的”或“未取代的”。“取代的”表示标识部分的一个或多个氢被选自所给出的基团部分取代,条件是不超过标识的正常化合价并且取代产生稳定的化合物。当取代基是=O(酮基)时,则给出的碳原子上有两个氢被取代。作为说明,当包含一个氧的碳环上与氧相邻的碳被氧=O取代时,则形成内酯。
烷基、烯基和炔基包括直链和支链的碳链。因而,如本文所用的,例如术语“C1-6烷基”是指包括含有共6个碳原子的直链和支链烷基链。本发明的烯基为包括一个或多个碳-碳双链的直链或者支链的烃。优选烯基具有2个到约10个碳原子。本发明的炔基为包括一个或多个碳碳三键的直链或支链的烃。因而,本发明的烷基、烯基和炔基包括但不限于含有1个到约10个碳原子,优选含有1个到约6碳原子的烃,例如甲基、乙基、乙烯、乙炔、丙基、丙烯、丙炔、丁基、戊基、异丙基、2-丁基、异丁基、2-甲基丁基和异戊基部分。
环烷基是具有3个到约10个碳原子的环烃,例如环戊基和环己基。其例子包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基或者环戊基。
本发明的芳基是具有6个到约14个碳原子,优选6个到约10碳原子的芳香基团和杂芳香基团,例如,包括萘基、苯基、吲哚基和二甲苯基及其取代衍生物,特别是被氨基、硝基、羟基、甲基、甲氧基、甲硫基、三氟甲基、硫醚基和羧基取代的芳基。烷芳基是包含烷基和芳基部分并通过烷基部分,如通过苄基内的烷基部分与其它基团共价结合的基团。烷杂芳基是包含烷基和杂芳基部分并通过烷基部分与其它基团共价结合的基团。
如本文所用的,“碳环”是指任何稳定的单环,其可是饱和的或者部分不饱和的。优选碳环是3到12元的,更优选3到6元。因而,术语碳环基包括环烷基基和单环基、稠环基、或双环基或三环基,其中环完全是碳原子。这样的碳环的例子包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、苯基、联苯基、萘基、2,3-二氢化茚基、金刚烷基和四氢化萘基(1,2,3,4-四氢化萘)。
“卤代烷基”包括支链和直链的饱和脂族烃基,其具有特定的数目的碳原子并被一个或多个卤素取代。卤代烷基的例子包括但不限于三氟甲基、三氯甲基、五氟乙基和五氯乙基。
如本文所用的术语“杂环”、“杂环的环”或者“杂环烷基”是指稳定的环,其是饱和的、部分不饱和或不饱和(芳香的)的,其由碳原子和1到3个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子组成。因而,术语杂环包括芬芳的和非芳香的基团。
氮和硫杂原子可选择性地被氧化。杂环的环可在任何杂原子或者碳原子处附着于其侧基产生稳定结构。如果得到的化合物是稳定的,则本文所述的杂环的环可在碳或氮上取代。如果特别地提及,则杂环中的氮可选择性地季铵化。优选当杂环中S和O原子的总数超过1时,这些杂原子彼此不相邻。优选杂环中S和O原子的总数不超过1。杂环包括芳香杂环体系,其由碳原子和1到3个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子组成。优选芳香杂环中S和O原子的总数不超过1。优选本发明的杂环是稳定的5元到6元单环的杂环的环,其可是芳香的或非芳香的。
杂环的实例包括但不限于2-吡咯烷酮基、2H-吡咯基、4-哌啶酮基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、呋喃基、呋咱基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑基、异噁唑基、吗啉基、噁二唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑烷基、噁唑基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、蝶啶基、哌啶酮基、4-哌啶酮基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、吡咯基、四氢呋喃基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、噻唑基、噻酚基、噻酚并噻唑基、噻酚并噁唑基、噻酚并咪唑基、苯硫基、三嗪基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,5-三唑基和1,3,4-三唑基。优选的杂环包括但不限于吡啶基、呋喃基、噻酚基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基和噁唑烷基,也包括,例如,含有上述杂环的稠环和螺环化合物。
本发明考虑将本文公开的化合物可用作潜药。术语“潜药”包括任何这样的分子,对哺乳动物投用这些分子后,这些分子在体内转变成本发明的式(I)化合物或者本发明的任何其它的化合物。本发明的化合物的潜药可以通过改进化合物中的官能团制备,以使修饰在常规操作中或在体内裂开得到母体化合物。潜药包括本发明的化合物,其中羟基或者氨基可与任何基团进行键合,条件是,当潜药被投用给哺乳动物受试者时,这些基团可裂开,分别形成游离的羟基或者游离的氨基。潜药的例子包括但不限于本发明的化合物中醇和胺官能团的醋酸酯、甲酸酯和苯甲酸酯衍生物等。
“治疗有效量”包括能有效产生预期效果的本发明的化合物或者化合物组合的量。这样的效果包括例如微管的稳定。
本发明的化合物可与药学可接受载体结合用作药物。本文所用的术语“药学可接受的”所指在合理的医学判断范围内,适用于与人类和动物的组织接触而无过多的毒性、刺激性、变态反应或其它与合理的利益/风险比相当的问题或复杂因素的化合物、原料、组合物和/或剂型。
本发明的目标化合物和中间体可包括保护基。已知保护基本身作为可选择性地增加官能度和除掉官能度的化学功能团,例如羟基和胺基,其存在于化合物内以使化合物的这些官能度在化合物暴露于某种化学反应条件下时钝化。例如参见Greene和Wuts,Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,第二版,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1991。
许多的羟基保护基在本领域是已知的,包括对酸不稳定的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、二乙基异丙基甲硅烷基和三乙基甲硅烷基;和对酸稳定的芳烷基(例如苄基)、三异丙基甲硅烷基和叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基。有用的胺基保护基包括烯丙氧羰基(Alloc)、苄氧羰基(CBz)、氯代苄氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基(Boc)、芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)、异烟酰氧羰基(I-Noc)基团。
如本文所用的,术语“对氧化不稳定的基团”包括所有已知可通过氧化剂除去的基团。氧化剂的例子包括但不限于2,3-二氯5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)。
如本文所用的,术语氨基酸包括本领域已知的所有天然存在的和合成的氨基酸。通常,氨基酸的结构为H2N-CR(Rc)C(O)OH,其中Rc是氨基酸侧链。代表性的天然存在的侧链如表1所示。
表1
CH3- CH3-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-
HO-CH2- HO-CH2-CH2-
C6H5-CH2- CH3-CH2(OH)-
HO-C6H5-CH2- HO2C-CH2-NH2C(O)-CH2-
HCO2-CH2-CH2-NH2C(O)-CH2-C2-(CH3)2-CH-(CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH3-CH2-CH2-H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-H2N-C(NH)-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-H2N-C(O)-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-
HS-CH2- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-
HO2C-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-S-CH2- H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH3-CH2-
CH3-S-CH2-CH2-
优选疏水性氨基酸侧链,包括CH3-、C6H5-CH2-、CH3-CH2-、CH3-S-CH2-CH2-、(CH3)2-CH-、(CH3)2-CH-CH2-,CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-和CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2侧链。本发明的肽是包括至少2个共价结合的氨基酸的线性的、分枝的、或者环状的化学结构。
可以理解,本发明的基团可以是未取代的或者可以具有一个或多个取代基。
本发明的某些化合物包括氨基,因此,能够与多种无机酸和有机酸形成盐。这样的盐也包含在本发明范围内。代表性的盐包括醋酸盐、己二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、半磺酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、乳酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、乙二酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、过硫酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲苯磺酸酯和十一烷酸盐。可通过常规方法形成盐,例如使游离碱形式的产物与一当量或多当量的适当的酸在盐不溶解的溶剂或者介质中反应,或者在溶剂例如水中反应,随后通过真空或冷冻干燥除去溶剂。盐也可以通过在适当的离子交换树脂上将已经存在的盐的阴离子交换为另一种阴离子而形成。
本发明的化合物可以与载体、赋形剂和/或稀释剂混合,形成新型的组合物。这些组合物可被用于预防、诊断和/或治疗技术。通过投用有效量的这种组合物,可以在人或者其它类型的哺乳动物体内产生预防或者治疗反应。可以理解,产生预防或者治疗反应包括需要的反应的引发或者增强、以及不需要反应的减轻、停止或者抑制。本发明的组合物预计可用于,例如,抑制不需要的细胞增殖(例如,癌症)和抑制器官移植过程的排斥(例如,参见Longley等人,Transplantation,1991,52,650和656页。)
本发明的组合物可以通过药学领域内所公知的任何方法制备,例如,如Remingto的Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Pub.Co.,Easton,PA,1980)。本发明的组合物可包括本发明的化合物作为活性成分和适当的有机或无机载体或者赋形剂,如口服用载体或者赋形剂混合。其它适当的给药方式对于本领域的技术人员将是明显的。例如,本发明的化合物可以与通常无毒并用于片剂、小药丸、胶囊、溶液剂、栓剂、悬浮剂和任何其它适合给药形式的药学可接受载体混合。可用载体为水、葡萄糖、乳糖、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、甘露糖醇、淀粉糊、三硅酸镁、滑石、玉米淀粉、角蛋白、胶态氧化硅、马铃薯淀粉、尿素和其它适用于生产制剂的载体、固体的、半固体的、或者液体的、以及可使用另外的助剂、稳定剂、增稠剂和着色剂和香料。本发明的化合物以在疾病的过程或者情况发生时可足够产生预期效果的量被包含于药物组合物内。
为了口服,含有各种赋形剂如微晶纤维素、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸二钙和甘氨酸的片剂可与各种崩解剂如淀粉和优选玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或者木薯淀粉、藻酸和某些络合硅酸盐、以及与造粒粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、明胶和阿拉伯胶一起使用。另外,润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石对于片剂经常是很有用的。在适当的可溶(例如,明胶)胶囊中,相似类型的固体组合物也可用作填料;在这一点上,优选的材料也包括乳糖或者乳糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇。
当水悬剂和/或酏剂希望用于口服时,活性成分可与各种甜味剂或者增香剂、着色剂或者染料相结合,如果需要,可与乳化剂和/或悬浮剂结合,以及与稀释剂,如水、乙醇、甘油及其各种组合相结合。
为了肠胃外给药,可采用在丙二醇水溶液中含有本发明的化合物的悬浮液。如有必要,该悬浮液应进行适当地缓冲(优选pH>8)并首先使液体稀释液是等渗的。水悬浮液适于静脉注射目的。通过本领域技术人员所公知的标准制药技术可容易地完成这些悬浮液在无菌条件下的制备,另外,有可能局部投用本发明的化合物,根据标准药物实践,这种投用可优选通过膏剂、胶质物、凝胶剂、糊剂、油膏等方式实施。
本发明的化合物在药物组合物中可单独用作活化剂或者可与其它活性成分例如其它对疾病或者病症有用的药剂联合使用。
与载体材料联合使用以制备单一剂型的活性成分的量将随着治疗宿主和特殊给药方式的改变而改变。用于任何特殊患者的特殊剂量水平将随着各种因素变化而变化,所述因素包括:所用具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、总的健康情况、性别、饮食、给药时间、给药途径、排泄率、药物联合和治疗中的特殊疾病的严重程度。在有些情况下,低于上述范围下限的剂量水平可能超过足够剂量,而在其它情况下,还可采用较大剂量而不引起任何有害的副作用,条件是这种较高剂量水平首先被分成在一天之内的数个较小的给药剂量。
治疗组合物中活性成分的浓度将随着许多因素的改变而改变,所述因素包括待给药剂量、活性成分的化学特性(例如,疏水性)和给药途径。典型的剂量范围为每天约285μg/kg体重,分三次剂量;优选剂量范围为每天约42-约171μg/kg体重。优选的待给药剂量可能随着下述因素的改变而改变:疾病或者病症的类型和进展程度、特殊患者的总的健康状态、所选化合物的相对生物学功效、化合物赋形剂的配方及其给药途径、以及其它因素,包括生物利用率,这些因素反过来受到本领域技术人员所公知的几种因素的影响。
本发明包括迪莫利德或其模拟物如式I-a与另一种药剂联合治疗的应用,另一种药剂包括但不限于紫杉醇。因此,成分(a)迪莫利德或其模拟物与成分(b)紫杉醇作为联合产品可以以单一剂量单位共同进行制剂(也就是说,结合在一起成为胶囊、片剂、粉末剂或液体剂等)。当成分(a)和(b)不以单一剂量单位共同制剂时,成分(a)可与成分(b)同时给药或以任何顺序给药;例如,可以首先给药本发明的成分(a),然后给药成分(b),或者他们以相反顺序给药。如果成分(b)含有不止一种药剂时,这些药剂可以共同或者以任何顺序给药。当不同时给药时,优选成分(a)和(b)的给药在小于约一小时的间隔内发生。优选成分(a)和(b)的给药途径是口服的。本文所用的术语,口服药剂、口服抑制剂、口服化合物等,表示可进行口服给药的化合物。尽管优选成分(a)和成分(b)可以以相同途径(也就是说,例如,都为口服)或相同剂型给药,如果必要,他们每一种可以通过不同途径(也就是说,例如,联合产品的一种成分可以口服给药,而另一种成分可以静脉内给药)或不同剂型给药。
本领域的医药工作者可以理解,本发明的联合治疗的剂量可随着上述的多种因素的改变而改变,诸如特殊药剂的药效特征及其给药方式和途径、接受者的年龄、健康情况和体重、症状的性质和程度、并存治疗的种类、治疗频率、和需要的效果。
以本公开为基础,本领域的医药工作者可容易地确定本发明的成分(a)和(b)的适当剂量。作为一般指导,典型的日剂量可以是每种成分为约100毫克到约1.5克。如果成分(b)代表多于一种的化合物,则成分(b)的每种药剂的典型日剂量可以为约100毫克到约1.5克。作为一般指导,当成分(a)与成分(b)的化合物联合给药时,从联合治疗的协同效应角度考虑,相对于当每种成分作为单一药剂单独给药用于治疗HIV感染时的通常剂量,每种成分的剂量可减少大约70-80%。
本发明的联合产品可这样进行制剂,使得虽然活性成分以单一剂量单位进行联合,但活性成分之间的物理接触达到最小化。为了使接触最小化,例如,当产品进行口服给药时,一种活性成分可是肠溶包衣的。通过肠溶包衣,活性成分种的一种,有可能不仅使联合的活性成分之间的接触最小化,而且有可能控制这些成分的一种在胃肠道内的释放,使得这些成分的一种不在胃内释放,而在肠内释放。本发明的口服给药的另一个实施方案需要提供一种联合产品,其中活性成分之一用控释材料包衣,该材料可实现在整个胃肠道的控释释放,也可使联合的活性成分之间的物理接触最小化。另外,控释释放成分可以另外进行肠溶包衣,使得该成分的释放仅仅发生在肠内。另一种方法将包括一种联合产品的制剂,其中一种成分用控释和/或肠释放聚合物包衣,另一种成分也用聚合物包衣,如低粘性级的羟丙基甲基纤维素或者本领域公知的其它适当材料,以进一步使活性组分分离。聚合物包衣用来形成另外的屏障,以防止与另一种成分发生相互作用。在每种制剂中,其中通过包衣或其它材料防止成分(a)和(b)之间的接触,也可防止成分(b)的各个药剂之间的接触。
除非另作说明,所有的反应在氩气氛下在烘干的玻璃器皿或者火焰干燥的玻璃器皿内进行。所有的溶剂是试剂等级的。二乙醚和四氢呋喃(THF)在使用前是在氩下从钠/二苯甲酮中蒸馏而新制得的。二氯甲烷、苯和二异丙基胺在使用前是从氢化钙用蒸馏法提取新近制得的。三乙胺和二异丙基乙胺从氢化钙用蒸馏法提取制得并在氢氧化钾下保存。六甲基磷酰胺用蒸馏法从氢化钙提取而新近制得。无水吡啶、二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜购自Aldrich,使用时无需纯化。正丁基锂和叔丁基锂购自Aldrich,用二苯基乙酸通过滴定使其符合标准。
除非另有说明,所有的反应进行磁力搅拌和使用0.25mm的E.Merck预涂步硅胶板通过薄层色谱法进行监测。使用E.Merck.供应的硅胶-60(粒子大小为0.040-0.062mm),用给出的溶剂进行急骤柱色谱法。除非另有说明,收率是指色谱分析纯的和光谱纯的化合物。
所有的熔点在Bristoline阶段加热显微镜上测量或在Thomas-Hoover仪器上测量并进行校正。除非另作说明,分别提供CHCl3和CDCl3溶液的IR和NMR。红外光谱使用Perkin-Elmer 283B型号分光计使用聚苯乙烯作为外标进行记录。质子NMR光谱通过Bruker AM-500分光计记录。碳-13 NMR光谱通过Bruker AM-500或AM-250分光计记录。报道的化学位移相对于用于质子和氯仿(δ77.0)的内标四甲基硅烷(d0.00)或用于碳-13的苯(δ128.0)。
旋光度使用Perkin-Elmer 241型号旋光计在给出的溶剂中获得。高分辨率质谱在宾夕法尼亚大学的质谱学服务中心的VG micromass70/70H高分辨率双聚焦电子碰撞/化学电离分光计或者在VG ZAB-E分光计上获得。微量分析由新泽西州麦迪逊的Robertson实验室完成。单晶X射线衍射结构的确定在宾夕法尼亚大学使用Enraf NoniusCAD-4自动衍射仪完成。高效液相色谱法(HPLC)使用Ranin成分分析/半制备系统完成。
所有的药物溶于无菌DMSO中并在-20℃保存。微管蛋白(MTP)用2个周期的温度依赖性设备纯化,其得自小牛脑并保存在液氮中,例如,参见Welsenberg,R.C.,“Microtubule formation in vitro in solutionscontaining low calcium concentrations”,科学,1972,177,1104-1105。微管蛋白制备物中微管蛋白的浓度为约85%。
合成
本文所述的全部方法可以考虑以任何规模实施,包括毫克、克、千克和工业规模。
业已发现,根据本发明,可通过高度集中和立体可控的合成方法完成多羟基dienyl内酯例如迪莫利德的合成。
如图1所示的(-)-迪莫利德对映体,我们的分析显示了相邻的立构中心的重复三单元组,其通过C(8,9)和C(13,14)的Z-烯键分离。C(8,9)、C(14,15)和C(21,22)处断开产生片段A、B和C,反过来,每个片段得自含有重复立体化学三单元组的共同母体(5)。
如图2所示,母体5通过一种合成方法制备,通过该方法,羟基酯(-)-6通过用Bundle三氯亚胺酯(trichloroimidate)试剂7在酸性条件下处理,而被保护形成对甲氧苄基(PMB)醚,蒸馏后,用LiAlH4还原,得到醇(-)-8。Swern氧化、Evans醛醇缩合和Weinreb成酰胺完成了共同母体(+)-5的构建。这一简明的五步合成通常可以在50g的规模上以59%的总回收率进行。
做为选择,如图37所示,(+)-8进行Swern氧化,然后加入得自去甲麻黄碱的噁唑烷酮(oxazolidinone)61,得到结晶产物62,接着,结晶产物62可以变为共同母体(-)-5。
考虑到片段A的聚丙酸酯结构,我们进行了第二不对称醛醇缩合反应,如图3所示,最初从共同母体(-)-5制备对甲氧亚苄基缩醛(-)-11(78%收率),是用来选择性地进行C(21)和C(19)羟基的脱保护,以用于引用末端二烯和氨基甲酸酯部分。酰胺(-)-11还原成醛后(80%收率),与噁唑烷酮(+)-9进行醛醇缩合反应得到醇(+)-13(80%收率),所述醇引入亚单位A的五个立构中心。通过单晶X射线分析确定(+)-13的结构。将仲醇保护形成TBS醚和除去手性助剂(LiBH4、EtOH、THF)得到伯醇(-)-15(81%收率,二步),这样可有效地转变成甲苯磺酸酯(-)-16或者碘化物(-)-A。
如图1所示,我们的策略需要Z-乙烯基型卤化物B用于与片段A偶合。再从共同母体(+)-5开始,进行TBS保护(图4),然后进行Weinreb酰胺还原(DIBAL(2当量)、THF、-78℃)(Kim等人,四面体通讯,1989,30,6697),得到醛(+)-18,两步收率88%。我们采用了逐步引入乙烯基卤化物的方法,通过该方法使(+)-18变为Z型α-溴代不饱和酯(-)-19(Ph3PCBrCO2Et、PhH、回流;色谱法后收率75%)。还原为烯丙基醇(-)-20,然后进行甲磺酰化和用LiBHEt3取代,得到Z乙烯基溴(-)-22,从19算起的总收率为77%。
一个优选的合成策略是利用乙烯基碘作为需要的B片段。(-)-B的合成通过醛(+)-18的直接烯化作用完成(41%,6∶1 Z/E)(图9),然后通过色层分离除去不希望有的E产物。做为选择,B片段可以通过如图39所示的两个路线制备。第一个路线包括α-碘代砜69以实现乙烯基碘的一步合成。第二个路线利用了二碘化物的反式碘化物70的高反应性。
我们的优选合成策略包括在PMP缩醛存在下选择性地除去AB偶合产物中的伯PMB醚((-)-39,图5)。使PMB醚(-)-22与PMP缩醛(-)-15为1∶1的混合物暴露于DDQ(1.1当量)在CH2Cl2/H2O中的溶液下(图6)。缩醛(-)-15大量地保持完整,而脱苄基化醇(-)-25以83%收率生成。
如图7所示,再次使用TBS醚(+)-17用于从共同母体(+)-5制备C。氧化裂解PMB基团(DDQ、CH2Cl2、H2O)以不同收率(60-86%)得到醇26,伴随有相应的内酯。用Pearlman催化剂氢解得到92%收率的(+)-26。使醇暴露于SO3.吡啶,得到醛(+)-27(98%收率),其进一步转化为二噻烷(+)-28(79%)。在后面的步骤中,我们改进了用于产生二噻烷的Evans方案[(TMSSCH2)2CH2,ZnCl2,Et2O],使TBS醚消除形成α,β-不饱和酰胺最小化。然后用DIBAL还原得到醛(+)-29(91%收率),形成二甲缩醛得到(+)-30(99%收率)。使二噻烷30与R-(-)-缩水甘油基苄基醚[(-)-31]偶合以79%收率得到醇(-)-32。使酮部分脱保护[(CF3CO2)2IPh,80%]并进行Evans控制还原(97%)得到反式二醇(-)-34,其包含了片段C中的所有立体中心。
(-)-34的酸催化环合(TsOH,室温)以87%收率得到甲氧基吡喃35,其为α和β端基异构体为1∶2的混合物(图8)。36脱苄基(H2,Pd/C)定量地得到醇37。暴露于乙硫醇和MgBr2在EtO2中的溶液以83%收率得到可分离的β乙基半硫缩醛(+)-38及其α端基异构体为6∶1的混合物。Swern氧化(+)-38以86%收率得到最终的片段(+)-C。
在添加t-BuLi以前,通过使碘化物A与干燥固体ZnCl2的预混合(乙醚,-78℃),使(-)-B与(-)-A的有机锌衍生物发生反应(图10)。认为需要三当量的t-BuLi以完全消耗(-)-A,这可能是因为第一当量的t-BuLi与ZnCl2反应。这个改进方法使收率在急骤层析法之后增加到66%。
从选择性除去PMB基团开始,使Z型三取代烯烃(-)-39转化为碘化鏻(-)-49,如同在我们的模型研究(DDQ,CH2Cl2,H2O)中,以87%收率得到(-)-40(图11)。如图12所示,通过粗品的NMR测验所示,醇(-)-40几乎专门地产生需要的碘化物42。很敏感的碘化物无需纯化直接使用。使碘化物与I-Pr2NEt(3当量)充分混合,随后在无溶剂下于80℃暴露于过量的PPh3(15当量),以二步37%收率产生(-)-49。主要的副产物被表征为(-)-50(35%收率)。不饱和型的醇(+)-44同样以低收率得到Wittig盐(+)-46(图13),而饱和的衍生物(+)-51几乎定量地得到碘化鏻(+)-53。
我们优选的用于制备化合物49的方法包括把碘化物42与I-Pr2NEt(0.5当量)和PPh3(4当量)在苯/甲苯(7∶3)中混合并使混合物经历10-15Kbar的外加压力。
如图14所示,装配迪莫利德主链包括使醛C与得自AB鏻盐(-)-49的内鎓盐进行Wittig偶合,以在(-)-54中形成C(8,9)Z型烯键(>49∶1Z/E,76%收率)。DIBAL还原(88%收率),随后氧化得到的伯醇(-)-55,得到醛(-)-56(96%)。通过Yamamoto过程以70%收率以优异的选择性(16∶1 Z/E)得到末端Z型二烯(-)-57。在急骤层析法之后,半硫缩醛水解和温和的DMSO/Ac2O氧化以二步82%收率得到内酯(-)-58。除去PMB基团(DDQ,CH2Cl2,H2O,95%收率)和形成氨基甲酸酯(Cl3CONCO,CH2Cl2,中性氧化铝,83%)得到三(TBS醚)(-)-60。最终用48%HF/CH3CN(1∶9)脱保护得到(-)-迪莫利德,与真实样品相同(图15)。
可选择地,如图42所示,内酯58可以通过醛67与得自49的内鎓盐进行Wittig偶合制备。苯亚甲基缩醛76用DIBAL进行立体选择性开环并随后用重铬酸吡啶鎓氧化得到醛77。使用Yamamoto烯化方案得到化合物58。可选择地,也可使用通过Hodgson等人的TetrahedronLetters,1992,33,4761中的方法产生的烷基铬试剂形成二烯。醛67的制备可从化合物(-)-27(通常根据Smith等人的J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,12011中的方法制备)开始,通过醛27和烯醇醚63之间进行Mukaiyama醛醇缩合反应形成烯酮64,还原烯酮64得到9∶1的醇类混合物,主要是期望的异构体。用TBSCl保护新形成的醇并随后臭氧分解三取代的烯烃以大约80%的总收率得到67,如图38所示。
可选择地,在与片段C进行Wittig偶合之前可以通过形成末端二烯合成迪莫利德主链。如图40所示,用DIBAL-H使苯亚甲基缩醛39进行区域选择性环打开,随后氧化并使用Yamamoto烯化方案得到二烯73。用DDQ/H2O选择脱除较小阻碍的PMB,然后转化为伯烃的碘化物和鏻盐75。可选择地,在该顺序中,伯PMB可较早地用二甲氧基苄醚或者甲硅烷基保护基强化。使用Dauben高压条件以大约75%收率得到期望的鏻盐。
迪莫利德主链的进一步装配包括使醛67与得自鏻盐75的内鎓盐进行Wittig偶合得到58。如上所述进一步的操作(图15)得到(+)-迪莫利德。
得到鏻盐75的另一个优选路线在图43和44中表示。从醇40开始,三苯甲基醚87的制备可通过使三苯甲基氯和N,N-二甲基吡啶(DMAP)在热的吡啶中接触(图43)。用DIBALH使87的甲氧基亚苄基缩醛官能团还原开环得到伯醇88。用Dess-Martin Periodane(DMP)氧化88,随后通过Yamamoto烯化以大约8-11∶1的非对映异构选择性得到二烯90。
90的三苯甲基保护基可优选使用改进的Boeckman方案除去,如Boeckman,R.K.,Jr.;Potenza,J.C.,Tetrahedron Lett.,1985,26,1411该公开被全文引用本文作为参考,得到醇74(图44)。Wittig盐75的制备可使用改进的Corey方案(PPh3,I2,PhH/Et2O)把醇74转化为相应的碘化物,并使不稳定的碘化物在高压(12.8Kbar)下在缓冲液、非极性的介质(Hunig碱、甲苯/苯)中接触过量的PPh3。
用DDQ处理四烯58(二烯异构体的混合物;大约8-12∶1)使PMB醚被氧化除去,并选择性破坏反式二烯杂质,优选在急骤层析法之后得到非对映异构纯的醇59(图45)。
醇59可通过Kocovsky方案得到氨基甲酸酯60(路线46)。氨基甲酸酯60优选在适当的时间段例如12小时通过缓慢地把酸例如3NHCl加入到60的甲醇溶液中得到天然产物(+)-迪莫利德。迪莫利德可通过急骤层析法纯化继之从纯乙腈中结晶。
醛92和相应的酰胺93烯醇化物之间进行醛醇缩合反应通过三个步骤得到共同母体5(图47)。酰胺93可容易地从市售的酰基氯94制备(图48)。
可供选择的四烯58的合成路线在图49和50中说明。乙烯基碘96和有机锌97进行钯催化偶合得到58(图49)。有机锌97可例如由共同的碘化物中间体97a制备(图63和64)。如图所示,碘化物97a可使用类似于图43提供的化学作用通过被护醇(如三苯甲基保护)得到(图(63))。可选择地,碘化物97a可通过化学作用获得,其为合成97a的中间体含有手性助剂(图64,97a)
迪莫利德模拟物如式I-a化合物的可选择合成路线包括三重集中的方法(图64)。关于这一点,可以认为(+)-迪莫利德的总的聚丙酸结构典型地含有除氨基甲酸酯和/或内酯部分之外的C8-C9、C13-C14和C21-C22处的Z型烯键(图56)。
迪莫利德结构的优选修饰包括除去C14甲基、在C13-C14产生Z型二取代烯烃代替Z型三取代烯烃。迪莫利德的C1-C14区域的修饰产生的化合物相当于本文所称的“C14去甲基”类似物。这个化合物可通过例如Smith,A.B.,III等人,“Gram-scale synthesis of(+)-discodermolide”,,rg.Lett.,1999,1,1823-1826和Smith,A.B.,III等人,“Evolution of a gram-scale(+)-discodermolide”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122,8654-8664中讨论的方法合成。另外,通过在后期进行Wittig烯化形成不同的C1-C8结构部分,从而可在这一区域内进行进一步的合成变换。
其它可能的重要C1-C14类似物的构建可通过几个改进的中间体得到。例如,在进行后期Wittig烯化以生成迪莫利德或其类似物(图54)之后,得到高选择性(Z/E 24/1)的有利的Z型的烯烃58(69%收率)。中间体58可随后通过例如3步以86%得到(+)-迪莫利德衍生物。在C8-C9的烯烃几何结构可使用本质上相同的策略采用少量的E型烯烃异构体控制。例如,用DDQ氧化性除去对甲氧基苄基以52%收率得到相应的醇,其可随后通过Kocovsky方案形成氨基甲酸酯。例如,参见在Kocovsky,P.,“Carbamates:a method of synthesis and somesynthetic applications”,Tetrahedron Lett.,1986,27,5521-5524中所述方法。完全地脱甲硅烷基化以2步大约为95%收率得到(-)-I-iv的C(8,9)E型类似物。
另一个次要的副产物可在58的最后完全脱保护得到(+)-迪莫利德或其衍生物期间产生。虽然酸性条件(3N HCl,MeOH)可以以良好的收率(93%)得到期望的产品,由于大规模的合成,得到的次要副产物可是α,β-不饱和内酯,其可通过HPLC纯化和重结晶(CH3CN)后得到。如果需要,可通过单晶的X射线分析以确保其结构。
沿C1-C8主链的类似物也包括例如本文称为“消除类似物”的化合物。关于这一点,考虑到Smith,A.B.,III,等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122,8654-8664中描述的(-)-67的优化,合成末端烯烃(+)-67a(图55)的可靠路线是简单的。同样地,可得到在C7去氧类似物的全合成。通过图解,使用J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1992,114,6671-6679中描述的Evans方案使末端烯烃进行硼氢化反应得到(-)-67b(70%)。如J Am.Chem.Soc.,1967,89,5505-5507中描述的Parikh Doering氧化得到醛(-)-67c(80%)。虽然Wittig烯化(图54)典型地产生适当收率(8%)的Z型烯烃58a,C7去氧类似物的合成可通过这些方法完成。例如除去PMB基团(DDQ,H2O,99%),然后通过Kocovsky方案形成氨基甲酸酯,得到迪莫利德或其类似物的氨基甲酸酯。
具有C8-C9 Z型烯烃的迪莫利德的C14去甲基类似物(即(+)-I-ii,图57)也可通过本文所述方法制备。然而,在进行Wittig反应引入Z型烯烃键时,产生鏻盐75(图54)所需的剧烈条件可导致包括C13-C14的分子内环化。Smith,A.B.,III等人,“Total synthesis ofdiscodermolide”,J Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011-12012和Harried,S.S.等人,“Total synthesis of discodermolide:an application of achelation-controlled alkylation reaction”,J Org.Chem.,1997,62,6098-6099。在高压下生成Wittig盐可回避这个问题。例如,参见Smith,A.B.,III等人,“Evolution of a gram-scale(+)-discodermolide”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122,8654-8664。对于例如75a(图54)的某些化合物,其中三取代烯烃被顺式二基取代烯烃替换,可取消对高压的需要并从而显著地简化总的合成策略。
实现C14去甲基类似物的制备可使通过J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122,8654-8664中描述的方法制备的醛(-)-18,通过Stork,G.等人,“A stereoselective synthesis of(Z)-1-iodo-1-alkenes”,Tetrahedron Lett.,1989,30,2173-2174的Stork-Zhao烯化,得到乙烯基碘(+)-B(3)a(13∶1Z/E;73%)(图58)。通过J Am.Chem.Soc.,1980,102,3298-3299中描述的方法,乙烯基碘(+)-B(3)a与通过J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,1228654-8664中所述方法制备的碘化物(+)-A2进行Negishi交叉偶合得到例如烯烃(+)-39a。为便于区别C19-羟基,可用保护基转换。例如,(+)-39a中的PMB基团可被化学选择性(DDQ,H2O,80%)地除去并用三苯甲基部分(三苯甲基氯、DMAP、吡啶,81%)替换得到(+)-87a。
C21-C24末端Z型二烯(图58)的形成典型地从用DIBAL使缩醛(+)-87a还原开环开始,如Takano,S.等人,“A facile cleavage ofbenzylidene acetals with diisobutylaluminum hydride”,Chem.Lett.,1983,10,1593-1596中描述的,然后用Dess,D.B.等人,“A useful 12-1-5 triacetoxyperiodinane(the Dess Martin periodinane)for the selectiveoxidation of primary or secondary alcohols and a variety of related 12-15species”,J Am.Chem.Soc.,1991,113,7277-7287中所述的Dess-Martin氧化。得到的醛可通过如Ikeda,Y.等人,“Stereoselective synthesis of(Z)-and(E)-1,3-alkadienes from aldehydes using organotitanium and lithiumreagents”,Tetrahedron,1987,43,723-730中所述Yamamoto二烯合成经2步得到大约63%收率的90a(10∶1 Z/E)。除去次要的E型二烯异构体可在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122 8654-8664中所述的后期合成中实现。三苯甲基基团可通过例如Boeckman,R.K.,Jr.等人,“Catecholboron halides:mild and selective reagents for cleavage ofcommon protecting groups”,Tetraahedron Lett.,1985,26,1411-1414(如使用氯代儿茶酚硼,80%)中所述方法除去,然后优选Corey,E.J.等人,“Total synthesis of leukotreine B5”,Tetrahedron Lett.,1983,24,4883-4886和Garegg,P.J.等人,“Novel reagent system for converting ahydroxy-group into an iodo-group in carbohydrates with inversion ofconfiguration”,第二部分,J.Chem.Soc.,1980,1,2866-2869中所述,用Ph3P、I2、PhH/Et2O将得到的醇转化为碘化物。
前述的方法适合制备用于产生Wittig盐的化合物。在这一点上,通过熔化三苯基膦(Hunig碱,85℃)进行分子间碘置换经过2步一般地以约95%的高收率得到鏻盐75a,不含C13-C14烯烃。因此,从迪莫利德除去C14甲基可显著地简化所需的鏻盐的产生,从而简化总的合成次序。
如J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2000,122 8654-8664所述,内鎓盐75a与醛(-)-67的Wittig偶合(图54)一般以40%收率(7∶1 Z∶E)同时回收35%的鏻盐进行,回收的鏻盐可再用。氧化除去58b的PMB部分(DDQ,H2O,97%)、通过Kocovsky方案形成氨基甲酸酯和完全脱保护(3N HCI、MeOH;89%)得到例如迪莫利德(+)-I-ii的C14去甲基类似物。
通过进一步的说明,本发明的优选方法包括但不限于使式I的鏻盐与碱和式II的烷基硫醇接触以形成式III的二烯:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R7、R8、R11、R12和R13独立地为C1-C10烷基;
X是卤素;
R6选自H和C1-C10烷基;
Z、Z1和Z2独立地为O、S或NR′;
R4、R9、R14和R15独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R5为C6-C14芳基;
Y为O、S或NR′;
R′和R16独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;和
R18为C6-C14芳基。
所述方法优选在溶剂例如四氢呋喃中在-78℃-0℃下进行。该方法适用的碱包括六甲基二硅氮钠、六甲基二硅氮钾和六甲基磷酰胺与正丁基锂。
式I的鏻盐的制备可通过式XXXXVI的相应卤代物与P(R18)3在可有效形成盐的条件下反应一定时间:
这个反应优选在芳烃有机溶剂例如甲苯或者苯中进行。优选苯和甲苯的比率为7∶3的混合物处于约5Kbar到约20Kbar的压力下。
在另一个方面,本发明的方法包括制备下式IV的烯烃:
该方法可通过使式Va的有机金属试剂与式VIa的乙烯基卤化物接触而完成:
其中M为Li、Cu、Mg或Zn,R10为对酸稳定的羟基保护基,所有其它的变量的定义同上。作为选择,式Vb的乙烯基卤化物可以与式VIb的有机金属化合物接触:
这个反应优选在包含钯的催化剂例如Pd(PPh3)4、Pd(Cl2)(PPh3)2、Pd(Cl2)(dppf)2的存在下进行。
在另一个方面,本发明的方法包括使式VIIIa的二烯与式Va有机金属化合物接触而生产式VII化合物:
其中R24为氢,R25为氢或对酸稳定的羟基保护基。作为选择,式VIIIb的有机金属化合物可以与式Vb的乙烯基卤化物接触:
式V化合物和式VIII化合物的反应优选在醚中在含钯或含镍的催化剂的存在下进行。
本发明的方法也包括制备式VIIIa的二烯,其合成通过使式IX的鏻盐与碱如六甲基二硅氮钠和式II的烷基硫醇化合物接触:
所述方法优选在溶剂例如四氢呋喃中在-78℃-0℃下进行。该方法适用的碱包括六甲基二硅氮钠、六甲基二硅氮钾和六甲基磷酰胺与正丁基锂。
本发明的方法也包括制备式XXIII的化合物:
其合成包括使式XXIV的醛:
与式XXV的烯醇醚在钛盐和有机酸的存在下接触形成式XXVI的烯酮:
优选地,醛27和烯醇醚62之间的反应为Mukaiyama醛醇缩合反应,其中路易斯酸是钛盐(如TiCl4)或其它的Ti(IV)或Sn(IV)的路易斯酸(如SnCl4),有机酸是三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、硫酸或对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓。在醛醇缩合反应之后,烯酮64与还原剂接触形成相应的烯醇65。优选的还原剂是三叔丁基硼氢化钾或三叔丁基硼氢化钠(市售为THF中,分别称为K-Selectride和Na-Selectride),但也可包括手性还原剂,如B-异松蒎基-9-硼双环[3.3.1]壬烷氢化锂(市售在THF中,称为Alpine-Hydride)。
然后,根据本发明,烯醇65与式R-L的化合物接触,其中R是对酸不稳定的保护基和L是离去基团。优选R-L是叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷或叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟乙酸酯化物。
然后,被护烯醇用氧化剂如O3或NaIO4与催化量的OsO4的试剂组合在可有效氧化被护烯醇的碳-碳双键的条件下氧化一定时间。
本发明的方法也涉及式XXXIII的二烯的合成:
该方法包括使式XXXIV的鏻盐:
与碱和式XXXV的化合物接触:
用于所述方法的适合的碱包六甲基二硅氮钾、六甲基二硅氮钠、正丁基锂和叔丁醇钾。优选的溶剂包括甲苯和四氢呋喃,更优选四氢呋喃,优选在-78℃-0℃的温度下。
式XXXIV的鏻盐可以通过使式XXXXVII的相应卤代物与P(R18)3在可有效生成所述盐的条件下反应一定时间而制备:
这个反应优选在芳烃有机溶剂如甲苯或苯中进行。优选苯和甲苯的比率为7∶3的混合物处在约5Kbar到约20Kbar的压力下。
本发明的另一个方法包括生产式XXXVI的化合物:
该方法通过使式XXXVII的化合物:
与碱和式XXXIV的鏻盐接触:
优选的碱包括六甲基二硅氮钠、六甲基二硅氮钾、六甲基磷酰胺与正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾。优选的溶剂是甲苯,优选-78℃-0℃的温度。
根据本发明的方法,除去对酸稳定的保护基并形成氨基甲酸酯,然后完全脱保护得到下式的化合物:
虽然优选的合成方法是涉及(+)-迪莫利德和具有相似的立体化学的化合物的方法,本领域技术人员通过本文公开的方法可容易地合成对映体化合物,例如(-)-迪莫利德,反之亦然。所有这些合成方法都处在本发明范围之内。
本发明提供了可模拟迪莫利德的化学性质和/或生物学活性的化合物。在优选实施方案中,所述化合物具有下式XI的结构:
其中:
R30为取代的或未取代的Cl-C10烷基或为下式XII或XIII部分:
其中A是C1-C20的烷基、-CH2NH(T)或下式XIV部分:
其中
T是具有1个到约10个氨基酸的肽;
R32、R40、R42、R43、R46、R47和R48独立地是氢或C1-C6烷基;
R41为氨基酸的侧链;
W1和W2独立地是-OR49或-NHP1;
P1是氢或氨基保护基团;
R33和R36独立地是氢、C1-C10烷基、-OR50、=O或一起形成-CH2-CH2-;
R34和R35独立地是氢或一起形成-C(H)=C(H)-C(H)=C(H)-;
R39是-OR51或-CH2-R51;
R31和R44独立地是C1-C10烷基;
Q1和Q2独立地是氢、-ORQ、-NHR52、-OC(=O)NH2或一起形成-O-C(O)-NH-;
RQ是氢或羟基保护基团;
R51是取代的或未取代的C6-C14芳基、四氢吡喃基、呋喃糖基、吡喃糖基、C3-C10内酯基或2-吡喃基;
R45是C1-C6烯基、C1-C6烷基、C6-C14芳基、C2-C10杂环烷基、C3-C10环烷基或C7-C15芳烷基;和
R49、R50和R52独立地是氢或C1-C6烷基。
一些具有式XI结构的优选化合物如图33-36中所示。
另一方面,本发明提供制备下式的卤代烯烃的方法:
其中
R6选自H和C1-C6烷基;
R7和R8独立地是C1-C10烷基;
R9是对酸不稳定的羟基保护基团;
R10是对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基团;和
X是卤素;
所述方法包括使下式的醛与式(R18)3PCHXR6的化合物在碱的存在下在可有效形成卤代烯烃的条件下反应一定时间,其中R18是C6-C14芳基:
优选的条件包括在大约0℃到-25℃下冷却R6Ph3PX在非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃中的悬浮液,并使悬浮液与强碱如烷基金属接触。适当的强碱包括但不限于烷基锂,如丁基锂、叔丁基锂等。把溶液加到预冷的X2的溶液中,优选的加入速度使反应溶液的温度不超过-70℃。优选把另外的碱如六甲基二硅氮钠在约10到60分钟内加入溶液,然后引入醛。
在某些优选实施方案中,R6、R7和R8独立地是C1-C4烷基,C18是苯基。在某些更优选的实施方案中,R6、R7和R8是甲基、X是碘、R2是叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基以及R10是对甲氧基苄基。
本发明还提供制备下式的三烯的方法:
其中
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地是C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地是对酸不稳定的羟基保护基团;
R25是对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基团;和
R10是羟基保护基团;
所述方法包括使下式的醛与式Ph2PCH2CH=CH2的化合物在碱和式Ti(O-R27)4化合物存在下在可有效形成三烯的条件下反应一定时间,其中R27是C1-6烷基;然后,用R28X处理,其中R28是C1-6烷基和X是卤素:
优选的条件包括使Ph2PCH2CH=CH2在非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃中的溶液预冷到低于0℃的温度,更优选低于-70℃,然后在适当的时间内加入强碱例如烷基金属。强碱可包括但不限于烷基锂,如丁基锂、叔丁基锂等。溶液优选用Ti(O-R27)4处理并搅拌适当的时间,然后引入醛。然后加入过量的R28X并使溶液在适当的时间内升温得到三烯。
在某些优选实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8独立地是C1-C4烷基;C10选自三苯甲基、二甲氧基苄基和二甲氧基间甲基苄基;碱是C1-6烷基锂;R27是异丙基,R28是甲基;X是碘。
在另一个实施方案中,形成三烯的方法进一步包括使三烯与下式的硼烷化合物接触:
其中X是第一卤素,R26选自C6-14芳基和C1-6烷基;
从而形成下式的三烯醇:
以及使三烯醇与卤素如碘在碱和P(R18)3存在下接触形成相应的碘化物,然后用Hunig碱和P(R18)3在可形成下式的鏻盐的条件下进一步处理得到的碘化物:
优选的条件包括把质子溶剂加入到硼烷和极性溶剂的溶液中。优选的质子溶剂包括但不限于醇溶剂,如甲醇。优选的极性溶剂包括但不限于氯化溶剂。溶液可在适当的时间段内加入到三苯甲基醚的溶液得到三烯醇。优选三烯醇在P(R18)3和碱及加入Y2的溶液中搅拌。在某些实施方案中,R18是苯基,碱是咪唑和Y2是碘。优选得到的化合物在加入胺类碱如Hunig碱并然后加入P(R18)3的溶液中搅拌。得到的溶液在高压下经历一段可充分形成鏻盐的时间。
在某些实施方案中,本发明也提供了下式醛的制备方法:
该方法包括使下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10为三苯甲基;
与氢化物接触形成下式的醇,和氧化该醇形成醛。
醇的形成以及氧化可在低温例如约0℃或更低温度下进行。在某些实施方案中,氢化物是二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H),氧化通过用Dess-Martin periodinane处理醇实现。
本发明也提供了下式四烯的制备方法:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
J选自以下各式:
烷芳基;和烷杂芳基;
其中:R32为H或C1-C6烷基,R33为H或对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
该方法包括使下式化合物:
J-CHO
与下式的鏻盐在碱存在下在可有效形成四烯的条件下接触一定时间:
其中R18为C6-C14芳基。
在某些优选实施方案中,根据权利要求11的方法,其中R1、R2、R7和R8独立地是C1-C4烷基,R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基,R32是C1-4烷基。
本发明也提供了下式四烯的制备方法:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;和
J选自以下各式:
烷芳基,和烷杂芳基;
其中:R32为H或C1-C6烷基,R33为H;
该方法包括使下式的醇:
其中R4、R9和R33为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
与下式的异氰酸酯接触形成氨基甲酸酯中间体,其中X为卤素:
X3CC(=O)NCO
使氨基甲酸酯中间体与中性氧化铝接触形成下式的氨基甲酸酯:
和;通过使氨基甲酸酯与酸在质子溶剂中接触,除去对酸不稳定的羟基保护基形成四烯。
所述醇在极性溶剂中的溶液可与异氰酸酯在室温下接触约15到45分钟的时间,然后将溶液装载到中性氧化铝上。经过适当的时间段,例如几个小时之后,所述物质可用适当的溶剂体系被从柱洗脱。在某些优选的实施方案中,对酸不稳定的保护基用盐酸水溶液在醇溶剂中的溶液除去。更优选地是,酸的加入是分步进行的并在产生最少沉淀的时间段内进行。
在某些优选实施方案中,所述醇的制备是通过使下式的化合物:
与下式的化合物:
其中R25为对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基,R35选自C1-4烷基和卤素;
在金属偶合催化剂存在下在可有效形成下式的偶合产物的条件下接触一定时间然后偶合产物脱保护形成醇:
在某些优选实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8独立地是C1-C4烷基,R3、R6和R16独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基,J是下式;
所述异氰酸酯是Cl3CC(=O)NCO,酸是HCl,极性溶剂是选自甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇的醇。在其它的优选实施方案中,醇的制备是通过使下式的化合物:
其中:
R25是对氧化不稳定的保护基;
R35选自CH2P(=O)Ph2;和
X是卤素;和
R18是C6-14芳基;
与式J-C(O)R16化合物在碱的存在下接触形成下式的偶合产物;和使所述偶合产品脱保护(除去R25)形成醇:
在某些更优选的实施方案中,质子溶剂是选自甲醇乙醇和异丙醇的醇。
在其它的实施方案中,本发明提供制备下式的醇的方法:
其中:
R7和R8独立地是C1-C10烷基;
R10对酸不稳定的羟基保护基团;
R34选自(CH2)nC6-C14芳基和(CH2OCH2)nC6-C14芳基,其中芳基被0-3个R35取代;
R35选自F、CF3、Br、Cl和NO2;和
n选自0和1;
所述方法包括使下式的化合物:
与下式的烯醇化物在Lewis酸存在下在可有效形成醇的条件下接触一定时间:
本发明还提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R6是C1-C4烷基;
R7和R8独立地是C1-C10烷基;
R9是对酸不稳定的羟基保护基团;
R10是对酸稳定的羟基保护基团;和
X是卤素。
本发明还提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3和R6独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10为三苯甲基;和
R29选自OH、CHO和-CH=CH-CH=CH2。
在某些优选的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基,R3和R6独立地选自氢和甲基。
在其它的实施方案中,本发明还提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4、R9和R14独立地为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40选自OR25和OC(=O)NH2;
R25为对酸稳定的羟基保护基;和
J选自下式:
其中R32为C1-C6烷基,R33选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基。
本发明还提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地选自氢和C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40为选自OR25和-OC(=O)NH2;
R25选自氢和对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基;和
J为选自下式:
烷芳基和烷杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基被选择性取代,烷基选择性地被R32或OR33取代;
其中:
R32选自氢和C1-C6烷基;和
R33选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基。
在某些实施方案中,R6是H。
在某些实施方案中,R6是氢,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基,R4、R9和R33是氢。在其它的优选实施方案中,权利要求1的化合物,其中R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基;R4、R6和R9是氢;和R40是-OC(=O)NH2。在其它的优选实施方案中,J是下式:
其中R32为甲基和R33为氢。
在其它的优选实施方案中,R1、R2、R6、R7和R8是甲基;R4和R9是氢;R40是-OC(=O)NH2;以及J是下式:
其中R32为甲基和R33为氢。
在其它的优选实施方案中,J是下式:
其中苯基选择性地被C1-C4烷基、卤代烷基、羟基、烷氧基或卤代烷氧基取代。在其它的优选实施方案中,苯基被OH取代。
在某些优选实施方案中,本发明提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为氢或C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R4和R9独立地为氢或为对酸不稳定的保护基;
R40选自OR25和-OC(=O)NH2;
R25为氢或为对氧化不稳定的保护基;以及J选自下式:
烷芳基和烷杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基被选择性取代,烷基选择性地被R32或R33取代;
其中:
R32为氢或C1-C6烷基;和
R33为氢或为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基。在某些实施方案中,R6是H。在其它的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基。在其它的实施方案中,R4、R9和R33是氢。在其它的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基;R4、R6、R9和R33是氢;以及R40是-OC(=O)NH2。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R2、R7和R8独立地为氢或C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R4、R9和R33独立地为氢或对酸不稳定的保护基;
R4和R9独立地为氢或对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40选自OR25和OC(=O)NH2;
R25为氢或对氧化不稳定的保护基;
J选自下式:
烷芳基和烷杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基被选择性地取代,烷基选择性地被R32或R33取代;
其中:
R32为氢或C1-C6烷基;和
R33为氢或对酸不稳定的羟基保护基。
在某些实施方案中,R6是氢。在其它的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R7和R8独立地为氢或C1-C10烷基;
R3、R6和R16独立地为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R4、R9和R33独立地为氢或对酸不稳定的保护基;
R4和R9独立地为氢或对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为氢或对氧化不稳定的保护基;
R40选自OR25和OC(=O)NH2;和
R′为甲基或烷基-R”;
R”是C1-C10烷氧基、羟基或-C(O)CH3。
在某些优选实施方案中,R6是氢。在其它的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基。在其它的实施方案中,R4、R9和R33是氢。在其它的实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8是甲基;R4、R6、R9和R33是氢;以及R40是-OC(=O)NH2。
本发明还提供下式的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2独立地为C1-C10烷基;
R3选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4为对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R25为对氧化不稳定的羟基保护基;和
R10a是羟基保护基或噁唑烷酮;
所述方法包括使下式的醇与氧化剂,如Dess-Martin periodinane接触,然后在碱和式Ti(O-R27)4化合物的存在下与式Ph2PCH2CH=CH2的化合物接触,其中R27是C1-6烷基;
然后用R28在可有效形成二烯的条件下处理一定时间,其中R28是C1-6烷基,X是卤素。作为选择,可预先制备式Ph2PCH=CH2CH2Ti(O-R27)4的化合物,并在相似条件下加入到被氧化的醇中。
通过说明,优选条件包括使Ph2PCH2CH=CH2在非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃中的溶液预冷却到低于0℃的温度,更优选低于-70℃,然后在适当的时间段内加入强碱如烷基金属。强碱可包括但不限于烷基锂,如丁基锂、叔丁基锂等。溶液优选用Ti(OR27)4处理并搅拌适当的时间,然后,引入醛。然后加入过量的R28X,溶液在适当的时间段内升温得到二烯。
在某些优选实施方案中,R1、R2、R7和R8独立地是C1-C4烷基,C10选自三苯甲基、二甲氧基苄基和二甲氧基间甲基苄基;碱是C1-6烷基锂;R27是异丙基,R28是甲基;X是碘。
在另一个实施方案中,当R10a是羟基保护基时,所述方法进一步包括使二烯与下式的硼烷化合物接触;
其中X为第一卤素,R26选自C6-14芳基和C1-6烷基,和;
使二烯醇与卤素如碘在P(R18)3的存在下接触形成下式的相应的卤代二烯:
优选的条件包括把质子溶剂加入到硼烷和极性溶剂的溶液中。优选的质子溶剂包括但不限于醇的溶剂,如甲醇。优选的极性溶剂包括但不限于氯化溶剂。可在适当的时间段内将溶液加入到三苯甲基醚的溶液中而得到二烯醇。三烯醇优选在加入Y2的P(R18)3的溶液中搅拌。在某些实施方案中,R18是苯基,Y2是碘。
在其它的实施方案中,当R10a是噁唑烷酮时,所述方法进一步包括使二烯与LiBH4接触,然后在P(R18)3存在下与卤素如碘接触形成相应的卤代二烯。
可用于制备本文所述的化合物的中间体,特别是迪莫利德类似物的δ-内酯环,包括以下结构:
其中R*是氢或保护基。
细胞培养
A549肺癌细胞系用Kavallaris,M.等人,“Taxol-resistant epithelialovarian tumors are associated with altered expression of specific β-tubulinisotypes”,J Clin.Invest.,1997,100,1282-1293所述的方法维持。
SKOV3卵巢癌细胞系得自Dr.V.Ling并用McDaid,H.M.等人,“Structure-activity profiles of eleutherobin analogs and their cross-resistance in Taxol-resistant cell lines”,Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol.,1999,44,131-137所述方法维持。
体外微管蛋白聚合试验
使用分光光度计(UVIKON,Research Instruments Int.San Diego,CA),在350nm记录MTP的浊度在100min的改变,评价微管聚合。例如参见Shelanski,M.L.等人的“Microtuble assembly in the absence ofadded nucleotides”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1973,70,765-768。在含有0.1M MES、1mM EGTA、0.5mM MgCl2和3M甘油(pH 6.6)的装配缓冲液中将纯化的MTP稀释到1mg/ml的最终浓度。所有的化合物在浓度为10μM、37℃和不存在GTP的条件下进行评价。使用最初的5min内发生的吸收改变,从每个曲线的线性部分绘制起始斜率,从而比较每个化合物的初始活性。
紫杉醇、(+)-迪莫利德和几个结构类似物的活性用上述体外微管蛋白聚合试验测定,所述试验测量与微管聚合程度有关的吸光改变。可以理解,微管聚合包括成核过程(引发)和延长步骤。初始的聚合速度反映成核过程。例如,参见Gaskin,F.等人的“Turbidimetric studies ofthe in vitro assembly and disassembly of porcine neurotubules”,J.Mol.Biol.,1974,89,737-738。紫杉醇、(+)-迪莫利德和四个类似物I-i、I-ii、I-iii、I-iv(图57)都能在微管装配通常所需的GTP不存在的条件下诱导微管装配(图59)。在紫杉醇、(+)-迪莫利德和这四个类似物存在下形成的微管对钙诱导的解聚都是稳定的。
参考图59,由(+)-迪莫利德、类似物I-i、I-ii和紫杉醇引起的聚合程度在100min之后本质上是相同的(图59,曲线1-4)。类似物I-iii和I-iv的聚合减少,为(+)-迪莫利德的聚合水平的约50%(图59,曲线5,6)。通过在试验的末期除去200μl等份试样、以100,000g离心30min、并测量上清液中蛋白质含量也可测定每个化合物的聚合微管蛋白的比例。通过这种方法,可比较由(+)-迪莫利德和类似物I-i和I-ii诱导的聚合水平,而类似物I-iii和I-iv有约多于50%的蛋白质存在于上清液中,由此在沉淀物中存在较少的聚合物。
在图59的插图中存在起始斜率(0-5min)。(+)-迪莫利德(曲线1)的斜率被赋值为1.0,以此与其它化合物的斜率进行比较。结构类似物(曲线3-6)的斜率值分别为0.26、0.39、0.08和0.14;紫杉醇斜率值为0.28(曲线2)。这个数据反映出(+)-迪莫利德及其衍生物的潜在成核活性。
电子显微镜检查
在反应末期,等份试样(50μL)被从体外聚合试验取出并放置在300目的碳涂覆、Formavar处理的铜网上。然后样品用20μL 2%醋酸双氧铀染色并通过JEOL型100CX电子显微镜观察。为测定微管的长度,扫描电子显微照片的底片,然后使用IP Lab软件进行分析。在10000倍和50000倍下测量底片,每个化合物测量最少50个微管。
得自每个体外试验的微管蛋白质通过电子显微镜检查,以证实在化合物存在下形成正常的微管。就一切情况而论,除了DMSO对照品外,观察到所有的微管。如Kowalski,R.J.等人的“The microtuble-stabilizing agent迪莫利德competitively inhibits the binding ofPaclitaxel(Taxol)to tubulin polymers enhances tubulin nucleation reactionsmore potently than Paclitaxel,and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant cells”,Mol.Pharmacol.,1997,52,613-622的报道,(+)-迪莫利德产生的微管比GTP或者紫杉醇存在下产生的微管短得多,突出了(+)-迪莫利德对微管成核作用具有重要作用。表1比较了用紫杉醇、迪莫利德和类似物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv装配后的微管长度。
表1
化合物 | 平均聚合物长度(μm) |
紫杉醇 | 3.3±1.2 |
迪莫利德 | 0.78±0.3 |
I-i | 5.1±2.2 |
I-ii | 3.0±1.0 |
I-iii | 9.3±4.0 |
I-iv | 9.8±4.9 |
药物结合竞争试验
使用Bollag,D.M.等人的“Epothilones,a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agents with a Taxol-like mechanism of action”,Cancer-Res.,1995,55,2325-2333和He,L.等人的“A common pharmacophorefor Taxol and the epothilones based on the biological activity of a taxanemolecule lacking a C-13 side chain”,Biochemistry,2000,39,3972-3978中所述方法进行试验。在37℃,使MTP(0.4mg/ml)与1mM GTP和7.5nM紫杉醇培养20min以诱导微管的装配。一百纳摩尔[3H]紫杉醇(比活性:19.3Ci/mmol)和标示浓度的竞争剂被同时加入到预先形成的微管中。混合物在37℃再培养30min以使[3H]紫杉醇结合。通过超速离心(100,000g,1hr,30℃)收集微管,用液体闪烁计数器测量放射性。[3H]紫杉醇与微管结合的抑制用与对照(100%)相比较的百分数表示。
所述试验通常是探查标题化合物抑制紫杉醇与预形成微管结合的能力。在1μM,紫杉醇、(+)-迪莫利德和类似物I-i、I-ii和I-iii表现非常类似的抑制,而类似物I-iv在代替结合的[3H]紫杉醇方面基本上是无活性的(图60)。紫杉醇和(+)-迪莫利德在l0μM能抑制大约45%的[3H]紫杉醇的结合。相比之下,迪莫利德类似物显示5-40%的抑制。在100μM,药物之间的差异是明显的,(+)-迪莫利德显示几乎95%的抑制,而紫杉醇显示80%的抑制。类似物I-i显示大于90%的抑制。迪莫利德类似物I-ii、I-iii和I-iv显示的抑制在45和65%范围之间。这个结果与体外聚合试验的结果一致。
细胞毒性试验
A549细胞被一式三份以1×104细胞/ml的密度接种在6孔底片内并附着24h。在用多种药物浓度培养72h之后,粘附细胞进行胰蛋白酶消化并计数(Coulter Counter型Z1,Coulter Corp.,Miami,FL),测定IC50。SKOV3细胞遵循上述方法以2×104细胞/ml的密度接种。
流式细胞计
除了药物处理时间为24h之外,如Martello,L.A.等人的“Taxol anddiscodermolide represent a synergistic drug combination in humancarcinoma cell lines”,Clin.Cancer Res.,2000,6,1978-1987中所述制备A549细胞用于流式细胞计。
免疫萤光
如Martello,L.A.等人的“Taxol and discodermolide represent asynergistic drug combination in human carcinoma cell lines”,Clin.CancerRes.,2000,6,1978-1987中所述制备A549细胞用于免疫荧光检测。另外,细胞在第二次抗体洗涤后用Hoescht溶液(Sigma,1∶2.5稀释)染色15min。使用Zeiss Axiophot microscope(若丹明和DAPI滤光片)在×100放大倍数分析幻切片。
(+)-迪莫利德和类似物I-I、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv都能抑制A549细胞的增殖。
紫杉醇和类似物I-i具有相似的IC50值,然后是(+)-迪莫利德。与上述化合物具有相同体外活性的类似物I-ii的细胞毒性比(+)-迪莫利德的细胞毒性约少2倍。虽然类似物I-iii和I-iv有相似的体外活性,但是与(+)-迪莫利德相比,类似物I-iii的细胞毒性减少约3倍,而类似物I-iv减少128倍。虽然与A549细胞相比,(+)-迪莫利德在SKOV3细胞系中的活性减少约8倍,但是从SKOV3细胞得到类似的结果。紫杉醇和类似物I-i具有相似的IC50值,而迪莫利德、类似物I-ii和类似物I-iii具有较少的细胞毒性。从A549细胞可见,类似物I-iv的细胞毒性显示出最大的降低。表2比较了紫杉醇、迪莫利德和类似物I-i、I-ii、I-iii和I-iv在人A459和SKOV3细胞系中的细胞毒性。
表2
化合物 | A549(IC50(μm)) | SKOV3(IC50(μm)) |
紫杉醇 | 1.4±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 |
迪莫利德 | 3.8±0.6 | 31.3±6.8 |
I-i | 1.8±0.1 | 6.1±3.7 |
I-ii | 7.8±3.3 | 22.0±10.6 |
I-iii | 11.4±3.2 | 31.3±16.5 |
I-iv | 485.0±6.4 | 353.0±0.8 |
在对照条件下,A549细胞显示正常的细胞周期图形、微管细胞骨架和DNA染色(图61a)。流式细胞计数分析显示:A549细胞在暴露于细胞毒性浓度(25nM)的(+)-迪莫利德后,其在细胞周期的G2/M期被阻断(图61b)。也观察到细胞亚二倍体群增加,显示细胞程序死亡。通过免疫荧光检验所示,在这个浓度出现微管束和凝聚的核DNA。这个作用在浓度超过25nM时也可看到,然而在浓度低于12nM时看不到。用(+)-迪莫利德观察到的束的形成明显地不同于用紫杉醇观察到的束的形成。在(+)-迪莫利德存在下,在细胞外周看到微管束,与紫杉醇相反,则在整个细胞中存在束(未显示数据)。在不同的细胞毒性浓度下,迪莫利德类似物导致细胞周期的G2/M期被阻断并诱导微管成束和DNA凝聚(图61c)。
分子模型
使用Insight II软件(Molecular Simulations Inc.)进行分子模型研究。如Nogales等人(PDB code:1 TUB)的“Structure of alpha beta tubulindimer dimer by electron crystallography”,Nature,1998,391,199-203中所述得到α,β-微管蛋白结构。紫杉醇X射线结构的坐标由Mastropaolo等人的“Crystal and molecular structure ofPaclitaxel(Taxol)”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1995,92,6920-6924开发,而泰素帝X射线结构的坐标,得自Gueritte-Voegelein等人“Structure of a synthetic Taxol precursor N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1deacetyl-N-debenzoyl Taxol”,Acta Cryst.,1990,C46,781-784。(+)-迪莫利德的坐标从Gunasekera等人的“Discodermolide:A new bioactivepolyhydroxylated lactone from the marine spongeDiscodermiadissoluta”,J.Org.Chem.,1990,55,4912-4915获得,需要标记反转以符合正确的绝对立体化学。
在Smith,A.B.I.,等人的“The solution structure of(+)-discodermolide”,Org-Lett.,In Press所述,(+)-迪莫利德的结晶和最近的溶液结构显示C1-C19区域的分子排列成U型构象,使得内酯和C19侧链非常接近。当用紫杉醇覆盖时,(+)-迪莫利德的主链模拟紫杉烷环的北面部分。内酯和(+)-迪莫利德的C19侧链与紫杉醇的C13和C2侧链对应。然而,尚未测定内酯和C19侧链相对于紫杉醇侧链的位置(图62a,b)。虽然不希望束缚于任何特别的理论,由于(+)-迪莫利德分子的结晶/溶液结构在两个方向中的任何一个方向上可以与微管蛋白内部的紫杉醇结合穴相适合,提出了两个模型(图62c,d)
在模型I(图61c)中,(+)-迪莫利德的C19侧链如同紫杉醇中的C2苯甲酰基,被束缚在由His227和Asp224形成的穴中并且两个侧链与这些氨基酸都相距约2-3埃的距离。比较紫杉醇和泰素帝的结构,这两种化合物都用于治疗人的癌症,显示了在泰素帝结构的C13侧链(叔丁基)上的C10位置(羟基)和C3′位置发生了替代。如果紫杉醇用泰素帝替代,模型研究显示在(+)-迪莫利德的内酯和泰素帝的C13侧链之间有更好的适合。内酯的C4甲基距离His227约1埃而叔丁基距离His227约2.5埃。(+)-迪莫利德的C11羟基与紫杉醇的C10乙酰基匹配,并且两个基团都距离Gly368约2.5埃。(+)-迪莫利德的C24和紫杉醇的C7羟基之间与Thr274形成最后的接触,两者都距离Thr274约2.8埃。
在模型II(图62d)中,内酯可以按照与紫杉醇的C2苯甲酰基适合的类似方式与由His227和Asp224形成的结合穴适合。内酯的C4甲基距离His227约1埃,距离Asp224约3埃。发现(+)-迪莫利德的C19侧链与泰素帝中的C3叔丁基类似,其与His227接近(距离约5埃)。紫杉醇的C7羟基与(+)-迪莫利德的C10甲基匹配,使得与Thr274接触。C10甲基距离Thr274的羟基约2.5埃。Gly368按照与紫杉醇C10乙酰基类似的方式在(+)-迪莫利德的C12甲基(4埃)和C24(1.3埃)之间形成接触。
四个迪莫利德类似物也代替(+)-迪莫利德在微管蛋白结构中进行模拟。在模型I中,由于类似物I-ii和I-iii分子上的被修饰位置并不与负责药物结合的重要片段接触,所以没有丧失任何与β微管蛋白的重要接触。在类似物I-i中,C4甲基与微管蛋白的His227接触而被除去的C3羟基没有任何显著的接触。类似物2的C14甲基和类似物I-iii的C7羟基都存在于药物结合穴内的开放区。
类似物I-iii由于除去C3和C7羟基的附加效应而略显较少的细胞毒性。比较(+)-迪莫利德与在C8有烯烃几何改变的类似物I-iv,并没有令人惊讶地显示出构像的改变。特别是,类似物I-iv的内酯移位,可能在Leu273产生与微管蛋白的新的接触。新的相互作用可以解释说明为什么这个类似物虽然比其它的类似物具有更少的细胞毒性却能保持活性的原因。
在模型II中,类似物I-i和I-ii在药物结合穴内仍然没有丢失必要的接触。然而,类似物I-iii丢失了与Arg276的特定接触,Arg276对结合和活性好象很重要;而类似物I-iv丢失了所有的接触,包括与His227和Asp224的接触。此外,类似物I-iv的内酯目前从结合穴向外指向微管结构的腔。因为类似物I-iii不再显示细胞毒性的显著降低,而类似物I-iv保持了高的nM范围活性,因此模型II不被支持。因此,我们赞成模型I中(+)-迪莫利德在β-微管蛋白结构内的定向。
对于本领域技术人员而言,通过考察本发明的实施例后,可发现本发明的另外的目的、优点和新特征是显而易见的,并且以下实施例未试图限定本发明。
实施例
实施例1
醇(-)-8
在室温下,在1小时内,向NaH(60%的矿物油;5.82g,0.146mol)在无水醚(450mL)的悬浮液中加入对甲氧基苄基醇(200g,1.45mol)。混合物搅拌1h,冷却到0℃,然后在80min内加入三氯乙腈(158mL,1.58mol),1.5h后,以低于40℃的水浴温度浓缩溶液,残余物用戊烷(1.5L)和甲醇(5.6mL)的混合物处理,在室温下搅拌30min,通过短硅藻土柱过滤,浓缩得到三氯亚胺酯(394.3g)的红色油,其无需进一步纯化即可使用。
将(R)-(-)-Roche酯(124.7g,1.06mol)在CH2Cl2/环己烷(1∶2,1.5L)中的溶液冷却到0℃,并用三氯亚胺酯(364.3g)和PPTS(13.3g,52.9mmol)处理,3h后,混合物升至室温,搅拌40h,浓缩。通过短二氧化硅柱过滤(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得浅黄色油的酯(303.5g)。
将酯(303.5g)分成三部分,用于下面的反应。在每一制备过程中,将粗品酯(112.8g)在无水THF(1.0L)中的溶液冷却到0℃,并在1h内加入LiAlH4(1.0M的THF溶液,560mL,0.560mol)。混合物逐渐升温到室温并搅拌24h。用醚(1.0L)稀释后,混合物冷却到0℃并用饱和的Rochelle盐水(20mL)猝停反应。然后将生成的混合物转移到4L烧瓶内,用醚(1.0L)稀释,用另外的Rochelle溶液(大约300mL)处理并摇动,直到出现固体沉淀,溶液经过滤、浓缩,残余物(包括水层)用醚(700mL)稀释,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤和浓缩。三个反应的粗品混合,真空蒸馏,得到(-)-8(142.7g,二步收率74%),为无色的油:[α]23 D-16.9°1.28,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3510(m),3015(s),2965(s),2940(s),2920(s),2870(s),2840(m),1618(s),1590(m),1517(s),1470(s),1445(m),1423(m),1365(m),1305(s),1250(s),1178(s),1092(s),1037(s),826(m),814(m),718(w),710(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d7.23(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2 H),4.43(ABq,JAB=11.7Hz,ΔδAB=13.2Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.61-3.54(m,2H),3.53(ddd,J=9.1,4.7,0.8Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=9.1,7.9Hz,1H),2.60(br s,1H),2.08-1.98(m,1H),0.90(d,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.2,130.2,129.2,113.8,75.0,73.0,67.7,55.2,35.6,13.4;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 210.1252[M+;计算值:C12H18O3:210.1256]。
计算值:C12H18O3:C,68.54;H,8.63.测量值:C,68.41;H,8.60。
实施例2
羟醛(+)-10
将DMSO(40.0mL,564mmol)在CH2Cl2(1.0L)的溶液冷却到-78℃,并在1h内加入草酰氯(23.0mL,263mmol)。再经过15min后,在15min内通过套管引入冷却的(-78℃)的醇(-)-8(38.0g,181mmol)在CH2Cl2(50mL)中的溶液(20mL漂洗),将生成的乳状混合物在-78℃进一步搅拌0.5h。然后在15min内加入i-Pr2NEt(150mL,861mmol),搅拌混合物30min,慢慢地升温到(70min)室温,用NaHSO4水溶液(1.0M,1.0L)猝停。浓缩有机相,用醚(500mL)稀释,用水(6×500mL)洗,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到相应的醛(38.0g),为无色的油。
将噁唑烷酮(+)-9(44.3g,190mmol)在CH2Cl2(500mL)的溶液冷却到0℃,在0.5h内引入n-Bu2BOTf(为1.0M的CH2Cl2溶液,199.0mL,199mmol),然后在10min内加入NEt3(30.2mL,217mmol)。混合物在0℃搅拌0.5h并冷却到-78℃。然后在30min内通过套管加入上述醛在CH2Cl2(100mL)的预冷(-78℃)溶液。在-78℃保持2h和在0℃保持2h,用pH 7的磷酸盐缓冲液(200mL)猝灭反应,用30%的H2O2在MeOH中的溶液(1∶2,600mL)在0℃慢慢地处理混合物,在室温下搅拌过夜,浓缩。残余物用乙酸乙酯(3×250mL)提取,提取液用饱和NaHCO3水溶液和水洗(各500mL),用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,急骤层析法(30%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得到(+)-10(70.9g,89%,从8算起的收率89%),为无色的油:[α]23 D+278°0.49,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3470(w,br),3020(m),2980(m),2940(m),2920(m),2880(m),1790(s),1705(m),1620(m),1590(w),1520(m),1485(w),1460(m),1390(m),1360(m),1305(w),1230(br,s),1110(m),1080(m),1035(m),985(m),970(m),820(w),695(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.33-7.30(m,2H),7.27-7.19(m,5H),6.85(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.67-4.63(m,1H),4.42(表观的s,2H),4.14(表观的d,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.93(qd,J=6.9,3.4Hz,1H),3.85(ddd,J=8.2,3.1,3.1Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.69(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.54(表观的t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.54(dd,J=21.1,9.2Hz,1H),3.28(dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.4,9.6Hz,1H),1.98-1.93(m,1H),1.25(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ176.1,159.2,153.0,135.3,129.9,129.3,129.2,128.8,127.2,113.7,75.3,74.5,73.1,66.0,55.5,55.2,40.6,37.7,35.9,13.5,9.7;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 442.2243[(M+H)+;计算值:C25H32NO6:442.2229]。
计算值:C25H31NO6:C,68.01;H,7.08.测量值:C,67.81;H,7.26。
实施例3
共同母体(+)-5:
将N,O-二甲基羟基铵盐酸盐(46.9g,481mmol)在THF(250ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在30min内,加入AlMe3(2.0M的正己烷溶液,240ml,480mmol),得到的溶液升温到室温,搅拌0.5h,然后冷却到-30℃。在20min内,通过套管加入噁唑烷酮(+)-10(70.9g,161mmol)在THF(150ml)中的溶液(20-ml漂洗),3h后,将溶液慢慢倾入到0℃HCl的水溶液(1.0N,1.2ml)和CH2Cl2(1.0l)的混合物中,剧烈晃动混合物1h。水相用CH2Cl2(2×500ml)提取,合并的有机溶液用水洗涤(3×1.0l),用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩。粗品溶于乙酸乙酯/正己烷(1∶3,150ml),剧烈搅拌以使得大部分的手性助剂沉淀,过滤,浓缩,进行急骤色谱层析(20%丙酮/正己烷),得到(+)-5(46.2g,88%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D+144°0.41,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3470(m,br),3010(s),2975(s),2945(s),2915(s),2870(s),2845(m),1680(s),1590(w),1515(s),1465(s),1425(m),1390(m),1365(m),1310(m),1250(s),1180(s),1150(m),1090(s),1040(s),1000(s),825(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)δ7.25(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.44(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=17.1Hz,2H),3.95(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.70(ddd,J=8.2,3.2,3.2Hz,1H),3.66(s,3H),3.62(dd,J=9.0,4.0Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=9.1,5.9Hz,1H),3.17(s,3H),3.04(m,1H),1.91-1.84(m,1H),1.17(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 178.0,159.0,130.6,129.1,113.7,113.6,73.8,72.8,72.6,61.3,55.1,36.5,36.0,14.2,10.4;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 326.1962[(M+H)+;计算值C17H28NO5:326.1967]。
元素分析:计算值C17H27NO5:C,62.74;H,8.36.测量值:C,62.74;H,8.24。
实施例4
Weinreb酰胺(-)-11
共同母体(+)-5(337.3mg,1.04mmol),4分子筛(344mg)和CH2Cl2(10mL)的混合物冷却到0℃,用DDQ(310.3mg,1.37mmol)处理。1.5h后,混合物通过短硅藻土柱过滤(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)。滤液用饱和NaHCO3水溶液和水(各100mL)洗,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱法(30%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-11(255.6mg,收率76%),为无色的油。[α]23 D-339°0.520,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3010(s),2970(s),2940(m),2880(m),2840(m)1663(s),1620(s),1592(w),1520(s),1466(s),1447(m),1425(m),1393(s),1375(s),1307(m),1253(s),1178(s),1120(s),1083(s),1035(s),1015(m),1000(s),930(w),830(m),700(w),660(w),620(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.87(d.J=8.8Hz,2H),5.46(s,1H),4.04(dd,J=11.3,4.7Hz,1H),3.82(dd,J=9.8,6.5Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.71(s,3H),3.51(表观的t,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.19(s,3H),3.21-3.14(m,1H),1.98-1.92(m,1H),1.27(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.75(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 175.8,159.8,131.2,127.2,113.5,100.7,82.8,72.8,61.3,55.3,39.0,33.8,32.6,13.1,12.4;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 323.1736[M+;计算值C17H25NO5:323.1732]。
元素分析:计算值C17H25NO5:C,63.14;H,7.79.测量值:C,63.18;H,7.74。
实施例5
醛(-)-12。
将酰胺(-)-11(2.07g,6.40mmol)在THF(70mL)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在15min内加入LiAlH4(1.0M的THF溶液,3.40mL,3.40mmol),在78℃保持10min和在0℃保持10min,混合物用MeOH(1.0mL)猝停,用乙酸乙酯和饱和的Rochelle盐水分离(各100mL),有机层用盐水(100mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱法(15%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-12(1.38g,收率80%),为无色的油。[α]23 D-7.8°0.46,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3015(m),2970(m),2940(m),2840(m),1735(s),1725(s),1615(m),1590(w),1520(s),1460(s),1390(m),1370(m),1305(m),1250(s),1170(s),1115(s),1085(s),1035(s),990(m),960(m),830(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.74(表观的s,1H),7.32(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.46(s,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.5,4.8Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=10.4,2.6Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.56(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),2.56(qd,J=7.1,2.6Hz,1H),2.15-2.03(m,1H),1.23(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.80(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ204.0,159.9,130.7,127.2,113.5,100.9,81.6,72.8,55.2,47.4,30.3,11.9,7.1;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 265.1432[(M+H)+;计算值:C15H21O4:265.1439]。
实施例6
羟醛(+)-13.
将噁唑烷酮(+)-9(21.6g,92.7mmol)在CH2Cl2(200mL)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在0.5h内加入n-Bu2BOTf(1.0M的CH2Cl2溶液,86.1mL,86.1mmol),然后在10min内加入NEt3(15.7mL,112.5mmol),混合物在0℃搅拌1h,并冷却到-78℃。在10min内加入醛(-)-12(17.5g,66.2mmol)的CH2Cl2(50mL)溶液,在-78℃保持20min和在0℃保持1h,反应用pH 7磷酸盐缓冲液(100mL)和MeOH(300mL)猝停,然后缓慢用30%H2O2的MeOH(1∶1,100mL)溶液在0℃处理。1h后,加入饱和Na2S2O3(100mL)溶液,混合物浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯(3×250mL)提取,合并的提取液用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液、NaHCO3(10%)水溶液、盐水(各200mL),MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱法(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-13(26.3g,收率80%收率),为白色结晶:mp 98-100℃;[α]23 D+13.5°1.19,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3690(w),3520(w,br),3020(m),2980(m),2940(m),2880(w),2850(m),1790(s),1695(m),1620(m),1595(w)1525(m),1505(w),1490(w),1465(m),1390(s),1365(m)1310(m),1260-1210(m,br),1175(m),1120(s),1085(m)1040(m),1020(m),985(m),970(m),930(w),830(m),700(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)d 7.35(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.45(s,1H),4.67-4.62(m,1H),4.14(表观的d,J=5.3Hz,2H),4.08(dd,J=11.4,4.8Hz,1H),4.07(表观的t,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.04-3.99(m,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=9.9,2.2Hz,1H),3.51(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.33(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),3.21(dd,J=13.4,3.4Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.4,9.4Hz,1H),2.12-2.06(m,1H),1.92-1.86(m,1H),1.31(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.07(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ177.1,160.0,152.7,135.0,131.0,129.4,128.9,127.40,127.39,113.6,101.2,85.8,74.5,73.0,66.0,55.2,54.9,39.8,37.7,35.7,30.4,12.8,11.7,7.8;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z497.2410[M+;计算值C28H35NO7:497.2413]。
元素分析计算值C28H35NO7:C,67.58;H,7.09.测量值:C,67.42;H,7.02。
实施例7
缩醛(+)-14。
将醇(+)-13(26.3g,52.9mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(11.1mL,95.3mmol)在CH2Cl2(150mL)中的溶液冷却到-20℃,在30min内加入TBSOTf(20.5mL,79.3mmol),在0℃保持2h,混合物用醚(300mL)稀释,用NaHSO4(1.0M,200mL)水溶液、盐水(200mL)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱,5%-10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-14(32.4g,收率100%),为无色油。[α]23 D+20.3°1.32,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3025(m),2970(m),2940(m),2864(m),1788(s),1705(m),1620(m),1597(w),1524(m),1503(w),1470(m),1447(w),1430(w),1395(s),1358(m),1307(m),1255(s),1135(m),1120(s),1075(m),1030(m),985(m),976(m)930(m),865(m),838(s),813(m),790(m),700(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.38(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.30-7.12(m,5H),6.82(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.44(s,1H),4.30(dddd,J=13.4,7.3,5.1,5.1Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=7.1,4.0Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.97(dq,J=7.0,7.0Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.740(表观的t,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.738(s,3H),3.48(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.27(表观的t,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.15(dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz,1H),2.59(dd,J=13.4,9.8Hz,1H),2.05(表观的qd,J=7.4,4.2Hz,1H),2.02-1.94(m,1H),1.19(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.04(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 175.6,159.9,152.4,135.5,132.0,129.4,128.8,127.8,127.2,113.4,100.7,80.7,74.6,73.1,65.3,55.3,55.2,41.4,40.9,37.4,30.6,26.0,18.1,15.0,12.7,11.5,-4.0,-4.6;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 612.3340[(M+H)+;计算值C34H50NO7Si:612.3356]。
元素分析计算值C34H4-NO7Si:C,66.74;H,8.07.测量值:C,66.69;H,7.98。
实施例8
醇(-)-15
将缩醛(+)-14(32.0g,52.3mmol)在THF(600mL)中的溶液冷却到-30℃,加入EtOH(6.14mL,105mmol),然后在15min内加入LiBH4(2.0M in THF,52.3mL,105mmol),在0℃保持1h,在室温保持12h,混合物用醚(1.0L)稀释,小心地用NaOH水溶液(1.0N,200mL)猝停,室温搅拌2h。分离出各层,有机层用盐水(500mL)洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-15(18.7g,收率81%)为无色油:[α]23 D-36.1°1.15,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3630(w),3480(w,br),3010(m),2960(s),2940(s),2885(m),2860(s),1620(m),1594(w),1523(s),1468(s),1445(w)1430(w),1395(m),1365(m),1307(m),1255(s),1175(m),1165(m),1150(m),1120(s),1080(s),1030(s),990(m),968(m),910(s),860(m),833(s),700(m),645(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.38(s,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=6.7,1.9Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.53(dd;J=9.9,1.8Hz,1H),3.55-3.52(m,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=10.3,6.2Hz,1H),2.08-1.97(m,2H),1.94(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.7Hz,1H),1.76(br s,1H),1.02(d,J=7.1,3H),0.88(s,9H)0.84(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.00(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d159.8,131.4,127.3,113.5,101.0,82.9,74.3,73.3,66.3,55.2,38.7,37.8,30.7,26.1,18.3,12.2,11.1,10.7,-4.0,-4.2;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z439.2889[(M+H)+;计算值C24H43O5Si:439.2879]。
元素分析计算值C24H42O5Si:C,65.71;H,9.65.测量值:C,65.51;H 9.54。
实施例9
甲苯磺酸酯(-)-16
将醇(-)-15(5.00g,11.4mmol)在无水吡啶(30mL)中的溶液冷却到0℃,并用TsCl(3.91g,20.5mmol)处理,在0℃保持30min和室温保持5h后,反应用饱和NaHCO3(20mL)水溶液猝停。混合物用醚(200mL)稀释,用NaHSO4(1.0M)水溶液、NaHCO3(10%)水溶液、盐水(各200mL)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-15(6.76g,收率100%收率),为白色固体:mp 71-72℃;[α]23 D-23.2°1.42,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3020(m),3000(m),2960(s),2935(s),2880(m),2855(s),1617(m),1600(m),1590(m),1518(m),1495(w)1462(s),1390(m),1360(s),1302(m),1250(s),1190(s),1178(s),1120(s),1098(s),1085(s),1070(s,1032(s),963(s),900(m)830(s),810(s),653(m);1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.70(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.36(s,3H),4.07(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=7.3,2.7Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.71(dd,J=7.1,1.7Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=9.9,1.4Hz,1H),3.45(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),2.40(s,3H),2.15(dqd,J=13.9,7.0,1.7Hz,1H),2.05-1.96(m,1H),1.83(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.6Hz,1H),0.94(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.82(s,9H),0.81(d,J=7.7Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),-0.04(s,3H),-0.11(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCJ3)d 159.8,144.6,133.2,131.3,129.7,127.9,127.3,113.5,100.9,82.0,73.7,73.2,73.0,55.2,38.4,35.5,30.6,26.0,21.6,18.3,12.2,10.6,10.3,-3.9,-4.3;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 593.2955[(M+H)+;计算值C31H49O7SSi:593.2968]。
实施例10
片段(-)-A
从甲苯磺酸酯(-)-16开始:用Nal(17.1g,114.0mmol)处理甲苯磺酸酯(-)-16(6.76g,11.4mmol)在无水DMF(50ml)中的溶液,在60℃加热1.5h,并冷却到室温,混合物用醚(200mL)稀释,用水(200ml)、饱和Na2S2O3(100ml)水溶液、盐水(200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(3%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-A(5.87g,收率94%),为无色的油。
从醇(-)-15开始:在剧烈搅拌下用I2(4.08g,16.1mmol)处理醇(-)-15(4.70g,10.7mmol)、PPh3(4.21g,16.1mmol)和咪唑(1.09g,16.1mmol)在苯/醚(1∶2,75ml)中的溶液,混合物搅拌1h,然后用醚(200ml)稀释,用饱和Na2S2O3、盐水(各100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-A(5.56g,收率95%),为无色油。[α]23 D-39.3°2.01,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3015(m),2960(s),2940(s),2860(m),1620(w),1520(m),1465(m),1430(w),1390(m),1305(w),1255(s),1230(m),1215(m),1205(m),1170(m),1120(m),1070(m),1035(m),990(w),970(w),930(w),830(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.39(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.40(s,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=7.1,1.9Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(dd,J=8.2,1.5Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.18-3.12(m,2H),2.11-2.00(m,2H),1.84(ddq,J=7.1,7.1,1.6Hz,1H),1.02(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.72(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.06(s,3 H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d159.8,131.4,127.4,15 113.4,100.9,82.4,75.5,73.2,55.3,39.6,38.7,30.7,26.2,18.4,14.7,14.5,12.2,10.7,-3.7,-3.8;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 548.1833[(M)+;计算值:C24H41IO4Si:548.1819]。
元素分析计算值C24H41O4ISi:C,52.55;H,7.53测量值:C,52.77;H,7.68。
实施例11
酰胺(+)-17
将共同母体(+)-5(12.1g,37.2mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(7.80ml,70.0mmol)在CH2Cl2(90ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在10min内加入叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯(12.8ml,55.8mmol),1.5h后,混合物用Et2O(100ml)稀释,用NaHSO4(1.0M)水溶液、盐水(各200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-17(16.4g,收率100%)为无色油。[α]23 D+9.49°1.47,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3018(s),2970(s),2945(s),2900(m),2870(s),1658(s),1620(m),1592(w),1520(s),1470(s),1448(m),1425(m),1393(m),1367(m),1308(m),1255(s),1213(s),1185(m),1178(m),1115(s),1084(s),1042(s),1000(s),940(w),928(w),871(s),839(s),770(s)726(s),664(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.21(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=8.7,2H),4.36(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=17.3Hz,2H),3.92(dd,J=8.2,3.0Hz,1H)3.77(s,3H),3.55(s,3H),3.54(dd,J=9.2,2.5Hz,1H),3.13(dd,J=9.2,7.8Hz,1H),3.09(s,3H),3.15-3.09(m,1H),1.92-1.87(m,1H),1.09(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.04(表观的s,6H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 176.8,159.1,130.9,129.2,113.7,76.0,72.7,71.9,61.1,55.2,39.3,38.9,26.1,18.4,15.3,15.0,-3.87,-3.93;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 440.2823[(M+H)+;计算值:C23H42NO5Si:440.2832]。
元素分析计算值C23H41NO5Si:C,62.83;H,9.40.测量值:C,63.05;H,9.32。
实施例12
缩醛(+)-18。
将酰胺(+)-17(9.19mg,20.9mmol)在THF(350ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在30min内加入DIBAL(1.0M的正己烷溶液,44.0ml,44.0mmol),在-78℃保持0.5h后,反应用MeOH(10ml)猝停,混合物用醚(500ml)稀释,用饱和Rochelle盐水溶液、盐水(各300ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-18(7.05g,收率89%),为无色油。[α]23 D+23.2°1.49,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2930(s),2860(s),1730(s),1610(m),1583(w),1510(m),1460(m),1373(m),1360(w),1300(m),1245(s),1170(m),1085(m),1033(s),933(w),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.67(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.37(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=23.6Hz,2H),4.18(dd,J=6.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.41(dd,J=9.2,5.7Hz,1H),3.31(dd,J=9.2,6.0Hz,1H),2.47(qdd,J=7.1,3.7,0.9Hz,1H),2.03-1.95(m,1H),1.08(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.84(s,9H),0.04(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 204.8,159.2,130.5,129.2,113.8,72.7,72.4,71.7,55.3,50.0,38.3,25.9,18.2,14.3,8.4,-4.1,-4.4;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 403.2304[(M+Na)+;计算值:C21H36O4SiNa:403.2280]。
实施例13
溴代酯19。
用Ph3P=CBrCO2Et(2.28g,5.34mmol)处理醛(+)-18(822.1mg,2.16mmol)在苯(20ml)中的溶液,加热回流40min,冷却到室温。混合物通过短二氧化硅柱过滤(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)并浓缩,急骤色谱层析(3%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到Z-溴代酯(-)-19(861.4mg,收率75%)和E-溴代酯(+)-19(101.0mg,收率8.8%)。
Z-溴代酯(-)-19:无色油;[α]23 D-6.38°1.85,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2940(s),2860(s),1725(s),1618(m),1590(w),1515(s),1468(m),1390(m),1370(m),1303(m),1250(s,br),1176(m),1090(s),1037(s),1008(m),950(m),940(m),840(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,C6D6)d7.45(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.6Hz,2H)6.80(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.37(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=19.3Hz,2H),3.99,(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),3.94(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),3.82(表观的t,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.41(dd,J=9.1,6.3Hz,1H),3.31(s,3H),3.30(dd,J=9.2,6.5Hz,1H),3.13-3.06(m,1H),2.05(表观的七重峰,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.013(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.006(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.97(s,9H),0.92(表观的t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 162.5,159.1,149.6,130.8,129.0,114.9,113.7,75.5,72.6,72.2,62.4,55.3,40.2,38.9,26.0,18.3,14.2,14.1,13.7,-4.0,-4.2;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z546.2270[(M+NH4)+;计算值C25H45NO5BrSi:546.2251]。
元素分析计算值C25H41O5BrSi:C,56.70;H,7.80.测量值:C,56.96;H,7.86。
E-溴代酯(+)-19。无色油:[α]23 D+3.2°1.65,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2965(s),2940(s),2905(m),2890(m),2865(s),1720(s),1617(m),1590(w),1518(s),1468(s),1375(s),1350(m),1305(m),1250(s,br),1177(m),1090(s),1035(s),1007(m),950(m),840(s),675(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.23(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.56(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.39(表观的s,2H),4.24(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),4.22(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=5.5,5.0Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=9.2,5.5Hz,1H),3.39-3.32(m,1H),3.24(dd,J=9.1,7.2Hz,1H),1.98-1.90(m,1H),1.30(表观的t,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.00(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.05(s,3H),0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 162.8,159.1,151.9,130.8,129.1,113.7,110.2,76.3,72.6,72.2,62.1,55.2,38.8,26.1,18.3,14.7,14.1,13.9,-4.06,-4.10;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 529.1982[(M+H)+;计算值C25H42BrO5Si:529.1985]。
元素分析计算值C25H41O5BrSi:C,56.70;H,7.80.测量值:C,56.83;H,7.99。
实施例14
烯丙基醇(-)-20。
使酯(-)-19(858.4mg,1.62mmol)在CH2Cl2(16ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在10min内加入DIBAL(1.0M的正己烷溶液,3.60ml,3.60mmol)。在-78℃保持5min和在室温保持10min后,反应用MeOH(200ml)猝停,然后在搅拌下滴加饱和的Rochelle盐的水溶液,直到出现固体沉淀,溶液通过滗析(3×30ml漂洗,乙酸乙酯),合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-20(674.5mg,收率85%),为无色油。[α]23 D-15.5°2.51,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3600(w),3420(w,br),3010(m),2960(s),2940(s),2890(m),2860(s),1618(m),1590(w),1520(s),1470(m),1380(m),1315(m),1307(m),1255(s),1178(m),1085(s),1039(s),1010(m),972(m),940(m),840(s),675(m),660(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.24(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.88(br d,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.39(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=18.3Hz,2H),4.16(表观的d,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.59(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=9.2,5.3Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=9.2,7.7Hz,1H),2.82-2.76(m,1H),2.00-1.92(m,1H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.024(s,3H),0.016(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,134.1,130.9,129.1,125.1,113.7,76.5,72.6,72.3,68.4,55.3,39.1,38.7,26.1,18.4,14.9,14.3,-3.9,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 487.1873[(M+H)+;计算值:C23H40O4BrSi:487.1879J。
元素分析计算值C23H39O4BrSi:C,56.66;H,8.06.测量值:C,56.72;H,8.07。
实施例15
甲磺酸酯(-)-21
使醇(-)-20(6.85g,14.1mmol)在CH2Cl2(150ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在2min内加入MsCl(2.20ml,28.4mmol),10min后,反应用NaHSO4(1.0M,100ml)水溶液猝停,有机相用水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-21(7.85g,收率99%),为无色油。[α]23 D-14.6°1.40,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3020(m),2960(s),2940(s),2880(m),2860(s),1730(w),1610(m),1583(m),1510(s),1460(m),1410(m),1362(s),1300(m),1250(s),1220(s),1175(s),1080(s),1032(s),1002(m),960(m),937(s),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.23(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.07(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.74(d,J=0.4Hz,2H),4.38(ABq,JAB=11.7Hz,ΔδAB=25.5Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.61(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=9.2,5.7Hz,1H),3.22(dd,J=9.2,7.3Hz,1H),3.01(s,3H),2.84-2.77(m,1H),1.99-1.91(m,1H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.03(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,140.9,130.8,129.1,116.7,113.8,76.1,74.2,72.6,72.1,55.3,39.6,38.8,38.5,26.0,18.3,14.7,14.3,-3.9,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 582.1911[(M+NH4)+;计算值:C24H45NO6BrSSi:582.1920]。
实施例16
乙烯基溴化物(-)-22
在室温用LiBHEt3(1.0M的THF溶液,25.0ml,25.0mmol)处理甲磺酸酯(-)-21(6.43g,11.4mmol)在苯(120ml)中的溶液。0.5h后,反应用NaOH水溶液(1.0N,50ml)猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯(200ml)稀释,用盐水(2×200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-22(4.86g,收率91%),为无色油。[α]23 D-16.9°1.69,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3005(m),2965(s),2935(s),2860(s),1660(w),1610(m),1585(w),1510(m),1460(m),1425(w),1377(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s),1180(m),1170(m),1075(s),1030(m),860(m),835(s),805(m),660(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.24(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.47(表观的dd,J=9.0,1.2Hz,1H),4.39(ABq,JAB=11.7Hz,ΔδAB=15.8Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.56(表观的t,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=9.1,5.1Hz,1H),3.22(dd,J=8.8,8.1Hz,1H),2.74-2.67(m,1H),2.21(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.99-1.91(m,1H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.01(s,3H),0.00(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,133.4,131.0,129.1,120.6,113.7,76.7,72.6,72.5,55.3,39.7,38.7,28.8,26.1,18.4,14.8,14.4,-3.96,-4.01;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 493.1763[(M+Na)+;计算值C23H39O3BrSiNa:493.1750]。
实施例17
乙烯基硅烷(-)-23.
将乙烯基溴化物(-)-22(83.2mg,0.177mmol)在THF(2.0ml)的溶液冷却到-78℃,在10min内加入n-BuLi(1.6M的正己烷溶液,260ml,416mmol)。在-78℃保持1h和在室温保持15min后,反应用H2O(200ml)猝停,混合物浓缩,溶解在乙酸乙酯中(30ml),,用水(30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-23(47.9mg,收率69%)为无色油。[α]23 D-61.5°0.615,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3470(m,br),1614(m),1588(w),1513(s),1465(m),1442(m),1415(m),1360(m),1302(m),1250(s),1176(m),1120(m),1077(m),1032(m),992(m),830(s),820(s),805(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.22(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.22(dq,J=10.5,1.6Hz,1H),4.42(ABq,JAB=11.4Hz,ΔδAB=18.8Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.65(br s,1H),3.56(dd,J=9.1,4.0Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=8.8,2.9Hz,1H),3.42(表观的t,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.45(dqd,J=10.3,6.6,2.7Hz,1H),1.95-1.87(m,1H),1.78(d,J=1.6Hz,3H),0.91(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.80(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.4,147.7,130.8,129.7,129.4,113.9,79.9,76.4,73.3,55.3,38.1,36.3,27.1,26.6,17.8,13.4,13.1,-3.4,-3.7;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 393.2821[(M+H)+;计算值C23H41O3Si:393.2824].元素分析:计算值C23H40O3Si:C,70.36;H,10.27测量值:C,70.58;H,10.57。
实施例18
反式烯烃(+)-24
将乙烯基溴化物(-)-22(27.8mg,0.0591mmol)在醚(600μL)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在2min内加入t-BuLi(1.7M的戊烷溶液,103μL,0.175mmol),在-78℃保持10min和在室温保持5min后,反应用MeOH(100ml)猝停。混合物通过短二氧化硅插栓过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(1%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-24(21.9mg,收率94%),为无色油;[α]23 D+19.3°1.10,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3000(m),2960(s),2935(s),2880(m),2860(s),1612(m),1587(w),1510(s),1462(m),1440(m),1405(w),1375(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s),1170(m),1090(s),1034(s),1002(m),970(m),934(w),850(m),832(s),720(m)cm-1;1HNMR(500MHZ,C6D6)d 7.24(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.80(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.43(ddq,J 15.3,7.8,1.4Hz,1H),5.34(dqd,J=15.4,6.3,0.7Hz,1H),4.38(ABq,JAB=11.7Hz,ΔδAB=30.7Hz,2H),3.58(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.57(dd,J=9.0,5.1Hz,1H),3.36(dd,J=9.0,7.2Hz,1H),3.30(s,3H),2.39(ddq,J=6.8,6.8,6.8Hz,1H),2.17-2.10(m,1H),1.58(表观的d,J=6.1Hz,3H),1.07(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)1.05(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(s,9H),0.10(s,3H)0.08(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.0,135.6,131.1,129.1,123.9,113.7,78.4,72.6,72.5,55.3,40.4,37.9,26.2,26.1,18.4,18.0,15.9,15.1,-3.8,-4.1;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 393.2836[(M+H)+;计算值C23H41O3Si:393.2824]。
实施例19
醇(-)-25。
将PMB醚(-)-22(50.0mg,0.106mmol)和PMB缩醛(-)-15(46.5mg,0.106mmol)在CH2Cl2(2.0ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,然后用H2O(100ml)和DDQ(26.5mg,0.117mmol)处理,30min后,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3(60ml)水溶液,盐水(3×60ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱,5%->10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-15(40.0mg,86%收率),回收(-)-15(40.0mg,86%回收率)。
(-)-25:[α]23 D-13.3°0.99,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3640(w),3520(m),3000(m),2960(s),2940(s),2890(m),2860(s),1660(w),1472(m),1465(m),1440(m),1407(m),1390(m),1380(m),1360(m),1258(s),1072(s),1023(s),1005(s),980(m),937(m),847(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 5.50(表观的dd,J=9.0,1.1Hz,1H),3.65(dd,J=11.0,4.8Hz,1H),3.59(dd,J=11.0,5.7Hz,1H),3.56(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),2.80-2.72(m,1H),2.25(d,J=1.0Hz,3H),2.20(br s,1H),1.86-1.78(m,1H),0.99(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.09(s,3H),0.05(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 132.6,121.7,79.7,65.6,40.9,38.8,28.9,26.1,18.3,15.5,15.0,-3.9,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)zn/z 351.1087[M+;计算值C15H31O2BrSi:351.1093]。
实施例20
醇(+)-26
将酰胺(+)-17(323.5mg,0.738mmol)在EtOH(8.0ml)中的溶液在H2气氛下在Pearlman′s催化剂(20%Pd(OH)2/C,104.1mg)存在下搅拌5h,然后过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10ml二氧化硅,20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-26(216.7mg,92%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D+16.1°2.60,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3480(m,br),3000(s),2958(s),2935(s),2880(s),2860(s),1635(s),1460(s),1415(m),1390(s),1360(m),1285(w),1255(s),1174(m),1148(m),1093(s),1070(s),1047(s),1033(s),990(s),935(m),905(w),860(s),830(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d4.05(dd,J=9.1,3.1Hz,1H),3.69(s,3H),3.55-3.50(m,1H),3.23(ddd,J=10.1,10.1,2.8Hz,1H),3.13(s,3H),3.09(br m,1H),2.81(br m,1H),1.91-1.83(m,1H),1.14(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.879(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.879(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.06(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d177.3,75.2,64.9,61.5,40.8,38.2,32.2,26.0,18.2,15.9,12.8,-4.1,-4.3;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 320.2265[(M+H)+;计算值C15H34NO4Si:320.2256]。
实施例21
醛(+)-27。
将醇(+)-26(8.80g,27.5mmol)和NEt3(15.3ml,110mmol)在CH2Cl2(50ml)中的溶液冷却到-10℃,并用SO3.pyr(13.1g,82.6mmol)的DMSO(100ml)溶液处理,室温保持20min后,混合物用醚(300ml)稀释,用NaHSO4(1.0M,200ml)水溶液、盐水(4×200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-27(8.55g,98%收率)为无色油。[α]23 D+51.2°1.00,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3010(m),2960(s),2940(s),2895(m),2865(m),1750(m),1720(s),1647(s),1460(s),1420(m),1390(s),1360(m),1255(s),1180(m),1105(m),1077(m),1040(s),995(s),936(m),853(s),837(s),710(m),657(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.68(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.22(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,1H),3.68(s,3H),3.10(表观的s,4H),2.46(qdd,J=7.1,2.6,1.5Hz,1H),1.16(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.10(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.092(s,3H),0.088(s,3H).13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 203.2,175.6,75.1,61.5,52.1,39.6,32.1,25.9,18.2,15.4,10.2,-4.07,-4.11;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 318.2096[(M+H)+;C15H32NO4Si:318.2100]。
实施例22
二噻烷(+)-28。
将ZnCl2(在140℃真空干燥1h,170.5mg,1.25mmol)在醚(6.0ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,加入(TMSSCH2)2CH2(175.0μl,0.628mmol),生成的乳状悬浮液用醛(+)-27(180.0mg,0.567mmol)在醚(6.0ml)中的溶液处理,混合物在0℃搅拌4.5h在室温搅拌1.5h,然后在乙酸乙酯(50ml)和氨水(30ml)之间分层。有机相用盐水(2×30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-28(182.9mg,79%收率),为白色固体:mp 55-57℃,[α]23 D+18.5°1.44,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3015(m),2970(s),2945(s),2910(m),2870(m),166(s),1475(m),1470(m),1437(m),1430(m),1420(m)1390(m),1365(m),1320(w),1280(m),1260(m),1120(m),1115(m),1097(m),1080(m),1065(m),1040(m),1000(m),940(w),925(w),910(w),877(m),838(s),815(m),800(m),700(w),675(w),660(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.33(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=7.1,3.6Hz,1H),3.68(s,3H),3.15(s,3H),2.98(dq,J=6.8,3.7Hz,1H),2.90(ddd,J=14.1,12.2,2.5Hz,1H),2.83-2.77(m,3H),2.09-2.03(m,1H),1.94(ddq,J=7.2,7.2,4.3Hz,1H),1.88-1.76(m,1H),1.08(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.07(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.13(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 176.2,73.2,61.0,50.8,44.2,38.6,31.3,30.3,26.2,18.4,12.9,11.0,-4.1,-4.2;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 408.2081[(M+H)+;计算值C18H38NO3S2Si:408.2062]。
元素分析计算值C18H37NO3S2Si:C,53.03;H,9.15;测量值:C,53.06;H,9.31。
实施例23
醛(+)-29
将二噻烷(+)-28(1.05g,2.58mmol)在THF(40ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在15min内加入DIBAL(1.0M的正己烷溶液,5.15ml,5.15mmol),在-78℃保持10min后,混合物用MeOH(2.0ml)猝停,在醚和饱和Rochelle盐的水溶液(各50ml)之间分层,有机相用盐水(30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-29(822mg,91%收率),为白色固体:mp 54-55℃;[α]23 D+50.8°1.19,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2965(s),2940(s),2910(s),2865(s),2720(w),1730(s),1475(m),1467(m),1428(m),1418(m),1390(m),1365(m),1280(m),1260(s),1190(m),1150(m),1104(s),1070(m),1030(s),1007(m),953(m),940(m),910(m),835(s),810(m),675(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.70(s,1H),4.44(dd,J=8.3,2.2Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),2.93(ddd,J=14.1,12.3,2.6Hz,1H),2.84-2.80(m,3H),2.43(qd,J=7.1,2.2Hz,1H),2.13-2.07(m,1H),2.02(dqd,J=8.2,7.1,3.7Hz,1H),1.88-1.79(m,1H),1.10(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.05(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.16(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 204.6,71.1,51.0,49.7,43.5,31.3,30.3,26.2,26.0,18.4,12.9,6.8,-3.9,-4.3;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 349.1678[(M+H)+;计算值C16H33O2S2Si:349.1691];元素分析计算值C16H32O2S2Si:C,55.12;H,9.25。测量值:C,55.08;H,9.28。
实施例24
二甲氧基缩醛(+)-30。
在室温用TsOH.H2O(8.6mg,0.045mmol)处理醛(+)-29(792mg,2.27mmol)在HC(OMe)3/MeOH(48ml,1∶5)中的溶液,30min后,加入NEt3(1.0ml),浓缩混合物,急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-30(886mg,99%收率),为白色固体:mp 58-59℃[α]23 D+27.1°2.85,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2940(s),2905(s),2860(m),2835(m),1473(m),1463(m),1432(m),1425(m),1415(m),1387(m),1362(m),1340(w),1278(m),1252(s),1190(m),1158(m),1104(s),1070(m),1050(m),1030(s),1005(m),963(m),938(m),908(m),873(m),834(s),810(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.41(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.23(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),3.29(s,3H),3.26(s,3H),2.93(ddd,J=14.0,12.4,2.5Hz,1H),2.85-2.78(m,3H),2.11-2.05(m,1H),1.93-1.77(m,3H),1.00(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.91(s,9H),0.85(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.17(s,3H),0.09(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 105.0,71.5,53.0,51.5,51.2,43.8,37.4,31.3,30.2,26.3,18.8,12.9,8.1,-3.8,-4.3;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z417.1934[(M+Na)+;计算值C18H38O3S2SiNa:417.1930]元素分析计算值C18H38O3S2Si:C,54.78;H,9.70.测量值:C,54.80;H,9.66。
实施例25
羟基缩醛(-)-32.
将二噻烷(+)-30(3.60g,9.12mmol)在10%HMPA/THF(60ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在15min内滴加t-BuLi(1.7M的戊烷溶液,5.63ml,9.58mmol)处理,混合物在-78℃搅拌1h,在42℃搅拌1h,然后重新冷却到-78℃。通过套管加入苄基R-(-)-缩水甘油醚(1.65g,10.0mmol)的10%HMPA/THF(12ml)溶液,0.5h后,反应混合物升温到-42℃保持0.5h,并用饱和NH4Cl(20ml)水溶液猝停,混合物用醚(200ml)稀释,水、盐水(各200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-32(4.04g,79%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-5.9°2.1,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3450(w,br),3020(m),2960(s),2940(s),2910(m),2860(m),2840(m),1605(w),1500(w),1475(m),1468(m),1458(m),1440(m),1430(m),1393(m),1387(m),1365(m),1280(w),1255(m),1233(m),1203(m),1167(w),1153(w),1110(s),1060(m),1045(m),1030(m),1010(m),980(w),940(m),910(w),860(m),837(s),800(m),695(m),670(m),660(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.35-7.25(m,5H),4.64(dd,J=4.0,1.1Hz,1H),4.57(ABq,JAB=12.1Hz,ΔδAB=17.8Hz,2H),4.21(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.14-4.09(m,1H),3.48(dd,J=9.5,6.0Hz,1H),3.47(dd,J=9.6,5.0Hz,1H),3.37(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),3.36(s,3H),3.29(s,3H),3.08(ddd,J=14.4,11.4,2.9Hz,1H),2.95(ddd,J=14.4,11.3,3.1Hz,1H),2.71-2.64(m,2H),2.59(dqd,J=6.7,6.7,0.9Hz,1H),2.49(dd,J=15.6,7.9Hz,1H),2.30(dq,J=4.0,7.3Hz,1H),2.27(dd,J=15.6,2.3Hz,1H),2.04-2.00(m,1H),1.86-1.78(m,1H),1.18(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H)13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.2,128.4,127.6,106.9,74.4,73.3,70.0,67.9,55.7,53.6,52.6,47.2,39.4,38.5,26.3,26.1,26.0,25.0,18.3,9.8,9.5,-3.9,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 581.2763[(M+Na)+;计算值C28H50O5S2SiNa:581.2767]。
实施例26
酮(+)-33
在0℃用(CF3CO2)2IPh(4.55g,10.6mmol)处理羟基缩醛(-)-32(3.94g,7.05mmol)在H2O/MeOH(1∶9,75ml)中的溶液,5min后,混合物用饱和NaHCO3(20ml)水溶液猝停,用醚(200ml)提取。有机相用盐水(200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-33(2.66g,80%收率),为无色油。[α]23 D+36°0.36,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3580(w,br),3005(m),2960(s),2930(s),2900(m),2860(m),1710(m),1463(m),1455(m),1387(m),1362(m),1253(m),1220(m),1105(s),1070(s),1053(s),1030(s),1002(m),938(m),866(m),830(s),808(m),690(m),660(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.34-7.25(m,5H),4.54(表观的s,2H),4.40-4.25(m,1H),4.23(dd,J=7.6,1.9Hz,1H),4.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=9.7,4.9Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=9.7,5.9Hz,1H),3.27(s,3H),3.25(s,3H),3.01(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=18.0,8.7Hz,1H),2.74(dq,J=7.1,7.1Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J=17.9,3.2Hz,1H),1.83(dqd,J=8.0,7.0,1.9Hz,1H),0.97(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.83(s,9H),0.06(s,3H),-0.05(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 213.0,138.0,128.4,127.71,127.68,105.0,73.4,73.3,71.8,66.5,52.9,52.6,52.3,46.5,37.9,26.1,18.4,12.7,8.8,-4.1,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 491.2821[(M+Na)+;计算值C25H44O6SiNa:491.2805]。
实施例27
二醇(-)-34
将Me4NBH(OAc)3(1.80g,6.84mmol)在HOAc/CH3CN(1∶1,10.0ml)中的溶液冷却到-40℃,加入酮(+)-33(536mg,1.14mmol)在CH3CN(5ml)中的溶液,在-20℃保持12h后,混合物用饱和Rochelle盐(20ml)处理,用CH2Cl2(3×50ml)提取,合并的有机提取物用饱和NaHCO3、盐水(各100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(1∶1∶1,CH2Cl2/醚/正己烷),得到(-)-34(519mg,97%收率),为无色油。[α]23 D-7.78°0.900,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3460(m,br),3015(m),2960(s),2940(s),2900(m),2865(s),1470(m),1460(m),1390(m),1365(m),1260(m),1230(m),1208(m),1112(s),1065(s),1030(m),1010(m),942(m),865(m),838(m),698(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.33-7.30(m,4H),7.29-7.25(m,1H),4.55(ABq,JAB=12.0Hz,ΔδAB=15.7Hz,2H),4.16-4.11(m,1H),4.13(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,1H),3.73(br s,1H),3.68(dddd,J=9.3,9.3,2.4,2.4Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=9.6,4.5Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=9.4,7.0Hz,1H),3.38(s,3H),3.29(s,3H),3.09(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),1.90(dqd,J=7.0,7.0,1.5Hz,1H),1.76(br dd,J=13.6,8.5Hz,1H),1.68(dqd,J=9.6,6.9,5.0Hz,1H),1.49(ddd,J=14.3,9.0,2.9Hz,1H),0.894(d,J=7.9Hz,3H),0.886(s,9H),0.80(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.055(s,3H),0.048(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.2,128.4,127.7,127.6,107.3,74.5,73.3,71.0,70.9,67.8,55.2,52.1,45.9,37.3,36.9,25.9,18.2,11.6,10.6,-4.3,-4.7;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 493.2951[(M+Na)+;计算值C25H46O6SiNa:493.2962]。
实施例28
醇(-)-35。
在室温用TsOH.H2O(2.0mg,0.0105mmol)处理(-)-34(123.3mg,0.262mmol)在苯(10ml)中的溶液,20min后,混合物用NEt3(1.0ml)猝停并浓缩。急骤色谱层析(2%醚/CH2Cl2),得到35(100.1mg,β/α=2∶1,87%收率),为无色油β端基异构体(35):[α]23 D-3.3°2.25,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3580(w),3490(w),3010(m),2960(s)2930(s),2880(m),2860(s),1603(w),1525(w),1515(w),1493(m),1470(m),1460(m),1450(m),1387(m),1360(m),1347(m),1330(m),1253(s),1225(m),1200(m),1143(m),1110(s),1070(s),1045(s),1020(s),1015(m),1003(m),985(m),950(m),870(m),853(m),833(s),807(m),800(m),790(m),690(m),670(m),657(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.34-7.25(m,5H),4.69(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.55(ABq,JAB=12.0Hz,ΔδAB=14.6Hz,2H),4.17-4.12(m,1H),3.78(ddd,J=9.7,9.7,2.5Hz,1H),3.60(表观的t,J=2.7Hz,1H);3.51(dd,J=9.5,4.1Hz,1H),3.42(s,3H),3.39(dd,J=9.5,7.0Hz,1H),2.86(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.88(表观的qt,J=7.1,2.7Hz,1H),1.76(ddd,J=14.4,8.9,2.6Hz,1H),1.72-1.65(m,1H),1.53(ddd,J=14.4,9.3,2.9Hz,1H),0.90(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.78(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.04(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.2,128.4,127.7,101.2,76.7,74.7,73.3,73.0,67.4,56.6,41.1,36.0,34.7,25.9,18.1,13.7,9.7,-4.6,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 461.2693[(M+Na)+;计算值C24H42O5SiNa:461.2699]。
α端基异构体(35):[α]23 D+48°0.54,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3670(w),3570(w),3480(w,br),3005(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(m),2855(s),1600(w),1527(w),1515(w),1495(w),1460(m),1360(m),1253(s),1225(m),1212(m),1200(m),1170(m),1148(m),1106(s),1087(s),1048(s),1030(s),963(m),872(m),833(s),788(m),690(m)cm-1;1HNMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.34-7.24(m,5H),4.55(ABq,JAB=12.1Hz,ΔδAB=14.4Hz,2H),4.30(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),4.12-4.07(m,1H),4.01(ddd,J=9.2,9.2,2.7Hz,1H),3.51(表观的t,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=9.5,4.2Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J=9.5,7.1Hz,1H),3.28(s,3H),2.86(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),1.85(qdd,J=7.3,5.2,2.9Hz,1H),1.76(dqd,J=9.3,6.9,4.0Hz,1H),1.71(ddd,J=14.5,9.0,2.8Hz,1H),1.55(ddd,J=14.4,9.2,2.9Hz,1H),0.96(d,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.81(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H);13C NMR d 138.2,128.4,127.7,101.2,76.7,74.7,73.3,73.0,67.4,56.7,41.1,36.0,34.7,25.9,18.1,13.7,9.7,-4.6,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 461.2715[(M+Na)+;计算值C24H42O5SiNa:461.2699]。
实施例29
甲基吡喃糖苷36.
将35(281.2mg,β/α=2∶1,0.642mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(224.0μl,1.92mmol)在CH2Cl2(6.0ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在5min内加入TBSOTf(295.0μl,1.28mmol),在0℃保持1h后,混合物用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释,用NaHSO4(1.0M,50ml)水溶液、盐水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到36(344.6mg,β/α=2∶1,97%收率),为无色油。
α端基异构体:[α]23 D+50.0°1.44,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2935(s),2885(s),2860(s),1490(w),1460(m),1388(m),1378(m),1360(m),1250(s),1190(m),1145(m),1105(s),1085(s),1050(s),1025(s),1002(s),963(m),934(m),867(m),833(s),690(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.32-7.25(m,5H),4.51(ABq,JAB=12.1Hz,ΔδAB=19.7Hz,2H),4.23(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.03(dddd,J=8.0,5.3,5.3,2.5Hz,1H),3.87(ddd,J=9.9,7.8,1.8Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=7.2,4.8Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J=9.8,5.6Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J=10.0,5.2Hz,1H),3.33(s,3H),1.79(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,4.9Hz,1H),1.71-1.64(m,2H),1.53(ddd,J=14.4,8.8,1.9Hz,1H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.865(s,9H),0.862(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.005(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.5,128.3,127.6,127.5,103.8,75.5,73.2,72.8,69.8,69.1,55.7,38.9,38.5,37.6,26.0,25.8,18.18,18.16,15.1,12.9,-3.9,-4.6,-4.7,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z575.3552[(M+Na)+;计算值C30H56O5Si2Na:575.3564]。
β-端基异构体:[α]23 D+13.3°1.38,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3003(m),2960(s),2935(s),2880(s),2860(s),1495(w),1470(m),1464(m),1390(m),1360(m),1350(m),1330(w),1253(s),1155(s),1140(s),1120(s),1090(s),1045(s),1022(s),1002(s),953(m),933(m),850(s),830(s),690(m),658(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.32-7.22(m,5H),4.74(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.50(ABq,JAB=13.2Hz,ΔδAB=17.8Hz,2H),4.23-4.18(m,1H),3.74(ddd,J=10.6,10.6,1.3Hz,1H),3.60(表观的t,J=2.7Hz,1H),3.48(s,3H),3.38(dd,J=9.8,4.5Hz,1H),3.35(dd,J=9.8,5.7Hz,1H),1.88(qdd,J=7.1,2.7,2.7Hz,1H),1.66(ddd,J=14.0,10.1,1.6Hz,1H),1.63-1.55(m,1H),1.49(ddd,J=14.0,10.8,1.8Hz,1H),0.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.88(s,9H),0.785(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.045(s,3H),0.040(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.5,128.2,127.6,127.4,100.6,76.9,75.8,73.2,71.7,67.9,56.7,41.1,38.4,35.0,26.1,25.8,18.2,18.1,14.0,9.7,-3.9,-4.5,-5.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 575.3560[(M+Na)+;计算值C30H56O5Si2Na:575.3564]。
实施例30
伯醇37。
在H2下用Pd/c(10%湿度,E101 NE/W,51.2mg)处理36(331.6mg,0.600mmol)在EtOH/EtOAc(1∶8,9ml)中的溶液3h,然后过滤和浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到37(276.6mg,β/α=2∶1,99%收率),为无色油。
β端基异构体:[α]23 D+16.9°2.52,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3590(w,br),3450(w,br),3000(m),2960(s),2925(s),2880(m),2855(s),1470(m),1462(m),1388(m),1360(m),1253(s),1222(m),1200(m),1150(m),1130(m),1110(s),1098(m),1065(s),1046(s),1023(s),1002(m),980(m),952(m),894(m),865(m),850(m),830(s),663(m),657(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.73(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.09-4.05(m,1H),3.64(ddd,J=10.5,10.5,1.3Hz,1H),3.60(表观的t,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.62-3.59(m,1H),3.47(s,3H),3.47-3.42(m,1H),1.95-1.85(m,2H)1.82(ddd,J=14.3,9.2,1.5Hz,1H),1.60(dqd,J=10.2,6.8,2.5Hz,1H),1.45(ddd,J=14.3,10.7,2.6Hz,1H),0.895(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.887(表观的s,18H),0.785(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 100.8,76.8,72.2,69.5,67.6,56.8,41.0,38.2,34.9,25.9,25.8,18.1,14.0,9.7,-4.2,-4.6,-4.7,-5.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 485.3080[(M+Na)+;计算值C23H50O5SiNa:485.3094]。
α端基异构体:[α]23 D+54.9°1.20,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3670(w),3590(w)3440(w,br),3000(m),2960(s),2925(s),2880(m),2855(s),1463(m),1390(m),1360(m),1255(s),1225(m),1192(m),1168(m),1143(m),1102(s),1083(s),1045(s),1030(m),1002(m),963(m),932(m),862(m),833(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.25(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),3.89(dddd,J=6.5,4.6,4.6,4.6Hz,1H),3.80(ddd,J=9.1,9.1,2.3Hz,1H),3.61(br dd,J=10.9,3.4Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=6.5,4.6Hz,1H),3.52-3.48(m,1H)3.33(s,3H),2.15(s,br,1H),1.81(dqd,J=6.9,6.9,4.2Hz,1H),1.72-1.60(m,3H),0.94(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.882(s,9H),0.879(s,9H),0.845(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.02(s,3H),0.00(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 104.0,72.7,71.3,70.0,67.6,55.7,38.7,38.5,37.3,25.8,18.13,18.08,15.2,13.1,-4.4,-4.6,-4.7;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 485.3081[(M+Na)+;计算值C23H50O5Si2Na:485.3094]。
实施例31
醇38
在室温用EtSH(8.90ml,120mmol)和MgBr2.Et2O(1.54g,5.96mmol)处理37(276.6mg,0.598mmol)在Et2O(40ml)中的溶液。60h后,混合物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,用盐水(2×100ml)洗涤,MgSQ4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(3%丙酮/正己烷),得到38α(34.4mg,12%收率)和38β(211.3mg,71%收率)。
β端基异构体:无色油;[α]23 D+16.6°1.18,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3595(m),3400(m,br),3000(m),2960(s),2930(s),2855(s),1655(w),1612(s),1588(m),1510(s),1462(s),1375(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s,br),1170(m),1080(s,br),1030(s),1002(m),967(m),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 5.08(d,J=2.3Hz,1H)4.04-4.00(m,1H),3.62(ddd,J=10.4,10.4,1.0Hz,1H),3.60(ddd,J=11.1,11.1,4.2Hz,1H),3.56(表观的t,J=2.7Hz,1H),3.43(ddd,J=11.7,7.9,4.1Hz,1H),2.70(dq,J=12.7,7.4Hz,1H),2.67(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),1.95(dd,J=7.9,4.8Hz,1H),1.86(qdd,J=7.1,2.7,2.7Hz,1H),1.79(ddd,J=14.4,9.0,1.4Hz,1H),1.66-1.59(m,1H),1.57(s,3H),1.45(ddd,J=14.4,10.5,2.7Hz,1H),1.27(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,1H),0.99(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.79(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.083(s,3H),0.075(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d81.0,76.2,75.0,69.8,67.6,41.9,38.3,34.5,25.9,25.8,25.2,18.1,15.2,14.4,11.5,-4.2,-4.56,-4.63,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z515.3037[(M+Na);计算值C24H52O4SSi2Na:515.3023]。
α端基异构体:无色油;[α]23 D+94.5°0.33,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3580(w),3440(w,br),3010(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(m),2860(s),1513(w),1470(m),1462(m),1390(m),1380(m),1360(m),1257(s),1225(m),1200(m),1114(m),1070(s),1047(s),1022(m),1002(m),957(m),860(m),833(s),705(s),660(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.76(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.04(ddd,J=9.8,9.8,1.8Hz,1H),3.84(dddd,J=5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0Hz,1H),3.57(dd,J=11.0,4.2Hz,1H),3.53(表观的t,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.47(dd,J=11.0,4.7Hz,1H),2.57(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),2.54(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),1.97-1.91(m,1H),1.75(ddd,J=14.7,6.1Hz,2.0,1H),1.72-1.65(m,1H),1.60(ddd,J=14.9,10.0,5.1Hz,1H),1.60-1.50(br,1H),1.23(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.85(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.12(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 85.3,73.8,71.5,69.2,67.5,40.6,38.2,36.4,26.4,26.1,25.9,18.2,18.1,17.5,14.7,13.9,-4.2,-4.4,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 515.3045[(M+Na)+;计算值C24H52O4SSi2Na:515.3023]。
实施例32
片段(+)-C
使DMSO(100μl,1.42mmol)在CH2Cl2(2.0ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,然后滴加草酰氯(55.0μl,0.630mmol),15min后,通过导管引入冷却的(-78℃)的38α(104.8mg,0.213mmol)在CH2Cl2(1.0ml)中的溶液(2×500μl漂洗)。生成的乳状液在-78℃搅拌15min,滴加i-Pr2NEt(370μl,2.12mmol),反应混合物搅拌0.5h,慢慢升温到室温(15min),用NaHSO4(1.0M,4.0ml)水溶液猝停。有机相用醚(30ml)稀释,用盐水(3×30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-C(88.8mg,86%收率),为无色油。[α]23 D+11.2°1.42,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2935(s),2880(s),2860(s),1735(s),1470(m),1460(m),1380(m),1360(m),1320(m),1295(w),1265(s),1153(m),1120(m),1080(m),1060(s),1043(s),1025(s),1003(s),970(m),950(m),935(m),903(m),865(m),835(s),800(m),690(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.56(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.35(ddd,J=7.9,2.2,0.6Hz,1H),3.70(ddd,J=10.3,10.3,1.5Hz,1H),3.57(表观的t,J=2.7Hz,1H),2.71-2.60(m,2H),1.86(表观的qt,J=7.1,2.7Hz,1H),1.78(ddd,J=14.1,10.4,7.8Hz,1H),1.72-1.66(m,1H),1.67(ddd,J=10.3,3.9,1.8Hz,1H),1.25(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.78(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.10(s,3H),0.04(s,6H),0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 202.6,81.2,76.1,74.9,73.7,41.9,35.8,34.4,25.82,25.79,25.2,18.2,18.1,15.3,14.3,11.5,-4.2,-4.5,-4.9,-5.2;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 491.3058[(M+H)+;计算值C24H51O4SSi2:491.3046]。
实施例33
片段(-)-B
从乙烯基溴化物(-)-22开始:将(-)-22(3.78g,8.04mmol)在HMPA/DMF(2∶1,6ml)中的溶液加入到KI(4.15g,250mmol)、NiBr2(34.9mg,0.160mmol)和Zn粉(23.2mg,0.355mmol)的混合物中,该混合物室温搅拌15min,然后加热到90℃,绿色混合物5min后变成黑褐色,1h后变成黑绿色。在90℃反应1h,将混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(200ml)稀释,用盐水(4×200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到B(3.59g,含有13%未反应的乙烯基溴化物),为无色油。
从醛(+)-18开始:在室温用n-BuLi(1.6M的正己烷溶液,23.0ml,36.8mmol)处理EtPh3P+I-(15.1g,36.1mmol)在THF(200ml)中的溶液10min,再经过10min后,在15min内将生成的红色溶液通过导管加入到冷却的(-78℃)I2(8.02g,31.6mmol)在THF(300ml)中的溶液。在-78℃搅拌得到的黄色淤浆5min,在-23℃搅拌10min。在8min内加入NaHMDS(1.0M的THF溶液,31.0ml,31.0mmol),进一步搅拌混合物15min。通过导管引入醛(+)-18(6.96g,18.3mmol)在THF(50ml)中的溶液(10ml漂洗)。反应混合物在-23℃搅拌10min,升温到室温,搅拌3h,然后用MeOH(10ml)猝停,然后浓缩,并通过二氧化硅柱(.50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)过滤,滤液用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液、盐水(各300ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),的得到B(6∶1 Z/E,3.94g,41%收率),为无色油。
通过反向HPLC(梯度洗脱,90%CH3CN/H2->100%CH3CN)得到分析样品:[α]23 D-23°0.30,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3000(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(m),2855(s),1610(m),1588(w),1510(s),1463(m),1453(m),1428(m),1405(w),1390(m),1377(m),1360(m),1303(m),1250(s),1180(m),1172(m),1080(s,br),1033(s),1002(m),948(m),935(m),922(m),833(s),803(m),760(m,br),720(m),658(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.25(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87(d,J 8.7Hz,2H),5.28(表观的dd,J=8.9,1.4Hz,1H),4.41(ABq,JAB=7.0Hz,ΔδAB=10.2Hz,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.60(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=9.1,5.1Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=9.0,8.0Hz,1H),2.54-2.47(m,1H),2.44(d,J=1.4Hz,3H),2.00-1.92(m,1H),1.00(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.02(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,139.6,131.0,129.1,113.7,98.9,76.5,72.6,72.5,55.3,44.5,38.7,33.5,26.1,18.4,14.7,14.5,-3.95,-3.99;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 541.1626[(M+Na)+;计算值C23H39O3ISiNa:541.1611]。
实施例34
烯烃(-)-39。
ZnCl2(1.32g,9.69mmol)在160℃真空干燥过夜,然后通过导管用(-)-A(5.25g,9.59mmol)的干燥Et2O(50ml)溶液处理(2×25ml漂洗)。混合物室温搅拌,直到大部分ZnCl2溶解,并冷却到-78℃,在30min内加入t-BuLi(1.7M的戊烷溶液,17.0ml),生成的溶液再搅拌15min,升温到室温,并搅拌1h。通过导管将溶液加入到B(3.21g,6.19mmol;6∶1 Z/E)和Pd(PPh3)4(364.0mg,0.315mmol)的混合物中,用铝箔覆盖该混合物,搅拌过夜,然后用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释,用盐水(2×100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-39(3.32g,66%收率),为白色半固体。[α]23 D-28.6°1.53,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3010(m),2970(s),2940(s),2865(s),1620(m),1590(w),1520(s),1465(s),1445(m),1390(m),1380(m),1360(m),1305(m),1250(s),1175(m),1115(s),1080(s),1040(s),970(m),940(w),860(m),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H)5.00(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.36(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔδAB=17.4Hz,2H),4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=7.1,1.8Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=9.9,1.7Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=9.1,5.0Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=6.0,4.8Hz,1H),3.19(表观的t,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.51(ddq,J=10.1,6.5,6.5Hz,1H),2.32(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.08-2.02(m,1H),1.99-1.93(m,2H),1.88(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.8Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=11.1Hz,1H),1.55(d,J=0.5Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)0.87(s,9H),0.74(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.013(s,3H),0.008(s,3H)0.003(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8,159.0,132.0,131.5,131.2,131.1,129.0,127.3,113.7,113.5,101.1,83.4,78.49,78.46,73.3,72.6,72.5,55.3,38.8,38.2,37.5,35.6,33.7,30.8,26.27,26.25,23.1,18.42,18.40,17.0,14.6,12.6,12.1,10.9,-3.5,-3.7,-3.8,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 835.5315[(M+Na)+;计算值C47H80O7Si2Na:835.5341]。元素分析计算值C47H80O7Si2:C,69.41;H,9.91.测量值:C,69.52;H,10.10。
实施例35
醇(-)-40
将烯烃(-)-39(2.65g,3.26mmol)在CH2Cl2(32ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,用水(1.50ml)和DDQ(774mg,3.41mmol)处理,4h后,混合物用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥并通过二氧化硅柱过滤(50%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),然后浓缩,残余物溶解在EtOH(50ml),并用NaBH4(500mg,过量)在室温处理,以使同时存在的对甲氧基苄基醛还原。0.5h后,在0℃用饱和NH4Cl(50ml)的水溶液猝停混合物,然后浓缩。残余物在CH2Cl2(200ml)和水(100ml)之间分配,有机相用水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-40(2.06g,91%收率),为白色固体:mp 99-100℃;[α]23 D-25.4°1.35,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3520(w),3010(m),2960(s),2940(s),2880(m),2860(m),1620(m),1593(w),1520(m),1565(m),1390(m),1360(m),1255(s),1175(m),1165(m),1117(m),1075(s),1037(s),1025(s),1005(m),982(m),965(m),930(w),835(s),800(m),705(w),675(w),660(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.01(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.65(dd,J=10.4,4.7Hz,1H),3.63(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.54-3.50(m,1H),3.51(dd,J=10.0,2.0Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.41(dd,J=6.6,4.0Hz,1H),2.59(ddq,J=13.2,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.33(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.24(表观的t,J=5.5Hz,1H),2.09-1.95(m,2 H),1.89(dqd,J=7.0,7.0,1.7Hz,1H),1.84-1.77(m,1H),1.72(br d J=11.0Hz,1H),1.58(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.910(s,9H),0.905(s,9H),0.75(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8,133.0,131.5,130.5,127.3,113.4,101.0,83.3,81.6,78.4,73.3,65.4,55.3,38.5,38.2,37.6,37.0,33.7,30.8,26.17,26.16,23.2,18.4,18.3,17.4,15.7,12.6,12.1,10.9,-3.57,-3.61,-3.66,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)mz/z 693.4918[(M+H)+;计算值C39H73O6Si2:693.4945]。
元素分析计算值C39H72O6Si2:C,67.58;H,10.47.10测量值:C,67.30;H,10.54。
实施例36
鏻盐(-)-49。
用PPh3(532mg,2.03mmol)和咪唑(158mg,2.32mmol)处理醇(-)-40(402.8mg,0.577mmol)的PhH/Et2O(1∶2,45ml)溶液。咪唑溶解后,剧烈搅拌下加入I2(437mg,1.72mmol),搅拌混合物2h,然后用NEt3(2ml)处理,得到的黄色悬浮液用CH2Cl2(50ml)稀释,用饱和Na2S2O3(100ml)水溶液、饱和NaHCO3(100ml)和盐水(2×100ml)洗涤。有机相经MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,通过短二氧化硅柱(NEt3/乙酸乙酯/正己烷,2∶10∶90)过滤,除去三苯基膦氧化物,得到不纯的碘化物42。由制备TLC(500mm硅胶板,4%丙酮/正己烷),得到分析用样品,其为不稳定的白色固体:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.35(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.02(d,J=10.2Hz,1H)4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.62(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=9.9,1.7Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J=6.3,4.3Hz,1H),3.32(dd,J=9.6,4.5Hz,1H),2.99(dd,J=9.5,8.6Hz,1H),2.50(ddq,J=10.2,6.5,6.5Hz,1H),2.31(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.08-1.95(m,2H),1.88(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.7Hz,1H),1.85-1.78(m,1H),1.74(br d,J=11.7Hz,1H),1.57(表观的s,3H),1.01(表观的d,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.91-0.89(m,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.74(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.01(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3/1%吡啶-d5,20mg样品)d159.8,132.9,131.5,130.4,127.3,113.5,101.1,83.3,79.6,78.5,73.3,55.3,41.4,38.3,37.6,36.0,33.7,30.8,26.20 26.17,23.2,18.4,17.7,17.3,13.5,12.6,12.2,10.9,-3.5,-3.6,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z803.3935[(M+Na)+;计算值C39H72O5ISi2:803.3963]。将非常敏感的不纯的碘化物(通过二氧化硅过滤得到)迅速与i-Pr2NEt(300μl,1.72mmol)和PPh3(2.47g,9.42mmol)混合,混合物在80℃加热24h,然后冷却到室温,用正己烷提取(2×30ml),残余物通过急骤色谱层析(2%MeOH/CHCl3)纯化,得到(-)-49(224.9mg,37%从(-)-39计算的收率),为淡黄色泡沫。正己烷提取液浓缩,通过急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)进一步纯化,得到环化产物的混合物,通过常相HPLC(1.5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)进一步纯化得到(-)-50作为主要环化产物。
Wittig试剂(-)-49:[α]23 D-25.3°1.48,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2930(s),2860(m),1615(m),1590(w),1515(m),1485(w),1460(m),1440(m),1385(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s),1215(m,br),1180(m),1110(s),1080(m),1025(m),1005(m),965(m),945(w),860(m),830(s),732(m),725(m),710(m),680(m),653(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3;浓度依赖性)d 7.82-7.76(m,15H),7.35(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.35(s,1H),5.30(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.73-3.67(m,2H),3.56(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=9.8,1.7Hz,1H),3.46(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.31(ddd,J=15.6,11.2,11.2Hz,1H),2.49(ddq,J=10.5,6.4,6.4Hz,1H),2.25(表观的t,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.10-1.92(m,3H),1.85(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.8Hz,1H),1.57-1.52(m,1H),1.56(s,3H),0.98(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.852(s,9H),0.849(s,9H),0.72-0.71(m,3H),0.71(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.10(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H),-0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8,135.2(JCP=2.6Hz),133.5(JCP=10.0Hz),132.9,131.4,130.6(JCP=12.6Hz),130.3,127.3,118.4(JCP=85.5Hz),113.4,101.0,83.2,80.1(JCP=14.0Hz),78.3,73.2,55.3,38.1,37.4,36.0,33.7(JCP=4.4Hz),33.6,30.7,26.1,25.5(JCP=49.7Hz),22.9,18.33,18.29,17.2,17.1,12.5,12.1,10.9,-3.2,-3.6,-3.7,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 937.5708[(M-I)]+;计算值C57H86O5PSi2:937.5751]。
烯烃(-)50:白色固体;mp 80-82℃;[α]23 D-18°0.48,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2955(s),2920(s),2880(m),2850(s),1640(w),1613(m),1588(w),1517(m),1460(m),1387(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s),1178(m),1170(m),1160(m),1115(m),1080(m),1023(s),1000(m),980(m),960(m),930(w),887(m),855(m),830(m),715(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,C6D6)d 7.62(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.46(s,1H),5.00(s,1H),4.95(s,1H),3.93(dd,J=11.1,4.7Hz,1H),3.89(dd,J=7.2,1.5Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=9.9,1.9Hz,1H),3.51(表观的t,J=5.9Hz,1H),3.27(s,3H),3.22(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.32(dd,J=13.6,3.5Hz,1H),2.27-2.20(m,1H),2.16(dd,J=13.7,9.5Hz,1H),2.07-1.92(m,4H),1.87-1.80(m,1H),1.50-1.42(m,1H),1.18(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.10(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.04(s,9H),1.02(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.00(s,9H),0.41(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.13(s,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.06(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8(q),150.7(q),131.5(q),127.3,113.4,108.3(CH2),101.0,83.2,81.9,78.1,73.3(CH2),55.2,49.9,44.9,41.4(CH2),39.0(CH2),38.3,36.6,33.4,30.8,26.3,25.9,18.5(q),18.2(q),17.8,15.5,12.9,12.1,11.0,-3.4,-3.7,-4.6,-4.7;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 697.4642[(M+Na)+;计算值C39H70O5Si2Na:697.4659)。
实施例37
烯烃型(+)-43
室温下,在10min内将NaHMDS(0.6M的PhMe溶液,9.46ml,5.68mmol)加入到(CH3)2CHP+ph3I-(2.52g,5.83mmol)在PhMe(20ml)的悬浮液中,15min后,使混合物冷却到-78℃,通过导管(15ml漂洗)将醛(+)-18(1.46g,3.84mmol)在PhMe(15ml)中的溶液引入。在-78℃保持20min和在室温保持30min后,反应物用MeOH(1.0ml)猝停,溶液分离,油状残余物用正己烷(3×30ml)提取,合并的有机溶剂浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-43(1.44g,92%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D+8.07°2.57,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2925(s),2880(s),2855(s),1610(m),1585(m),1510(s),1460(s),1375(m),1360(m),1300(m),1245(s),1172(m),1085(s,br),1035(s),1003(m),970(m),950(m),93 5(m),862(s),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.23(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.92(双五重峰,J=9.7,1.4Hz,1H),4.37(表观的s,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.49(dd,J=9.2,4.9Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J=6.3,4.5Hz,1H),3.19(dd,J=9.0,8.4Hz,1H),2.49(ddq,J=9.6,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.00-1.92(m,1H),1.63(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.55(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),0.945(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.874(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.873(s,9H),0.01(表观的s,6H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)159.0,131.1,129.7,129.4,129.1,113.7,78.6,72.6,55.3,38.5,36.0,26.2,25.8,18.4,17.9,17.0,14.8,-3.88,-3.95;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 407.2984[(M+Na)+;计算值C24H43O3Si:407.2981]。
实施例38
醇(+)-44。
用H2O(500μl)和DDQ(320mg,1.41mmol)处理烯烃(+)-43(387.6mg,0.954mmol)在CH2Cl2(10ml)中的混合物,在室温保持30min后,混合物通过短二氧化硅插栓(50%乙酸乙酯.正己烷)过滤并浓缩,急骤色谱层析(3%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-43(273.1mg,99%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D+17.5°2.80,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3620(w),3500(m,br),2955(s),2925(s),2880(s),2860(s),1460(s),1405(m),1375(m),1360(m),1337(m),1252(s),1070(s),1050(s),1015(s),1002(s),978(m),933(m),832(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 4.92(表观的双五重峰,J=9.7,1.4Hz,1H),3.66(ddd,J=11.0,4.4,4.4Hz,1H),3.52(ddd,J=11.0,5.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=6.8,4.0Hz,1H),2.57(ddq,J=9.6,6.8,6.8Hz,1H),2.45(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),1.85-1.78(m,1H),1.65(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.59(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.05(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 130.7,128.5,81.7,65.5,38.1,37.4,26.2,25.8,18.3,17.9,17.4,15.9,-3.7,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z287.2418[(M+H)+;计算值C16H35O2Si:287.2406]。
实施例39
Wittig试剂(+)-46.
室温,在剧烈搅拌下,将碘(1.08g,4.24mmol)加入到醇(+)-44(810mg,2.83mmol)、PPh3(1.11g,4.24mmol)和咪唑(289mg,4.24mmol)在苯/醚(1∶2,21ml)中的溶液中,40min后,混合物用醚(100ml)稀释,用饱和Na2S2O3(50ml)、盐水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(正己烷),得到45/47/48(1.06g,97%收率,18∶1∶1)的混合物,为无色油;然后,该材料用i-Pr2NEt(928μl,5.33mmol)和PPh3(7.01g,26.7mmol)处理,然后在80℃加热13h。混合物用正己烷提取(3×100ml),残余物通过急骤色谱层析(2%MeOH/CHCl3)纯化,得到Wittig试剂(+)-48(207.1mg,38%从(+)-46计算的收率),为淡黄色泡沫。正己烷提取液浓缩,通过急骤色谱层析(正己烷)纯化,得到两种环化产物(380mg)的混合物,进一步通过制备HPLC(正己烷)纯化,得到(-)-49和(-)-50。
Wittig试剂(+)-46:[α]23 D+4.8°1.23,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2940(s),2860(m),1588(w),1482(w),1468(m),1460(m),1440(s),1380(m),1360(w),1310(w),1253(m),1230(m),1210(m),1110(s),1080(m),1050(m),1018(m),1000(m),995(m),860(m),832(s),800(m),708(m),680(m),652(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3;浓度依赖性)d 7.81-7.67(m,15H),4.92(d,J 9.7Hz,1H),3.50(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.38(ddd,J=14.9,14.9,1.5Hz,1H),3.25(ddd,J=15.6,11.1,11.1Hz,1H),2.42(ddq,J=9.7,6.6,6.6Hz,1H),2.10-2.00(m,1H),1.53(s,3H),1.43(s,3H),0.83(s,9H),0.81(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.75(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d,135.3(JCP=2.8Hz),133.3(JCP=9.9Hz),131.0,130.6(JCP=12.4Hz),128.0,118.2(JCP=85.6Hz),80.4(JCP=13.3Hz),36.0,33.0(JCP=4.0Hz),26.1,25.6,25.1(JCP=50.8Hz),18.3,18.1,17.9,16.4,-3.3,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 531.3221[(M-I)+;计算值C34H48OPSi:531.3213]。
烯烃(-)-47:无色油[α]23 D-14°0.36,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2930(s),2860(s),1470(m),1460,1370(m),1360(m),1250(m),1206(w),1165(m),1140(m),1070(s),1020(s),1000(m),932(w),908(w),897(w),853(m),830(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 3.63(d,br,J=3.6Hz,1H),2.50(表观的q,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.28(ddd,J=15.5,7.7,0.8Hz,1H),2.13-2.03(m,1H),1.99-1.91(m,1H),1.60(表观的br s,3H),1.57(表观的d,J=0.8Hz,1H),0.94(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.91(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.85(s,9H),0.01(表观的s,6H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 138.9(q),122.0(q),82.9,46.1,36.4,35.8(CH2),25.9,21.2,20.4,18.3(q),18.0,15 14.3,-4.6,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 269.2310[(M+Na)+;计算值C16H33OSi:269.2300]。
烯烃(-)-48:无色油;[α]23 D-3.8°0.24,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2953(s),2925(s),2880(m),2855(m),1638(w),1470(m),1460(m),1385(w),1373(m),1360(w),1250(m),1135(m),1117(m),1100(m),1075(m),1028(m),1000(m),932(w),865(m),830(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,C6D6)d 4.84-4.83(m,1H),4.79-4.77(m,1H),3.46(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),1.94-1.88(m,1H),1.87-1.78(m,2H),1.73(ddd,J=12.4,7.3,7.3Hz,1H),1.66(表观的dd,J=1.3,0.8Hz,3H),1.45(ddd,J=12.2,10.3,8.7Hz,1H),1.00(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.99(s,9H),0.96(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,C6D6)d147.4(q),110.3(CH2),82.3,53.1,45.4,37.5(CH2),37.3,26.1,19.3,18.4(q),18.0,15.6,-4.4,-4.5;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 269.2315[(M+Na)+;计算值C16H33OSi:269.2300)。
实施例40
醇(+)-51。
在H2气氛下,用Pd/C(10%湿度,E101 NE/W,15.2mg)处理烯烃(+)-44(70.9mg,0.28mmol)在EtOH/EtOAc(1∶8,4.5ml)中的溶液18h,然后混合物通过短二氧化硅球形管过滤并浓缩,急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-51(70.8mg,100%收率),为无色油。[α]23 D+28°0.15,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3680(w),3620(w),3500(w,br),3010(m),2960(s),2935(s),2900(m),2885(m),2860(m),1522(w),1510(w),1470(m),1426(m),1420(m),1412(m),1387(m),1370(m),1255(m),1205(m),1070(m),1030(m),1013(m),1002(m),980(m),925(m),833(s),720(m),665(m),658(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 3.60-3.56(m,2H),3.46(dd,J=5.5,3.8Hz,1H),2.46(br s,1H),1.89-1.81(m,1H),1.74-1.66(m,1H),1.64-1.56(m,1H),1.21(ddd,J=13.3,8.9,4.6Hz,1H),1.09(ddd,J=13.7,9.6,5.3Hz,1H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.88(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.095(s,3H),0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 81.3,66.3,42.5,37.8,35.7,26.1,25.4,23.8,21.8,16.4,15.1,-3.9,-4.1;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 289.2565[(M+H)+;计算值C16H37O2Si:289.2562]。
实施例41
碘化物(+)-52。
在室温,在剧烈搅拌下,用碘(198mg,0.780mmol)处理醇(+)-51(150mg,0.520mmol)、PPh3(205mg,0.780mmol)和咪唑(53mg,0.780mmol)在苯/醚(1∶2;6.0ml)中的溶液。40min后,混合物用醚(100ml)稀释,用饱和Na2S2O3(50ml)、盐水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。急骤色谱层析(正己烷),得到(+)-51(195mg,94%收率),为无色油。[α]23 D+24.2°2.21,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2935(s),2900(m),2860(s),1470(m),1463(m),1425(w),1405(w),1382(m),1368(m),1360(m),1290(w),1255(s),1190(m),1170(m),1082(s),1065(m),1028(m),1003(m),970(w),932(w),832(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 3.41(dd,J=9.6,3.7Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=6.3,2.6Hz,1H),3.10(dd,J=9.6,7.5Hz,1H),1.72-1.56(m,3H),1.17(ddd,J=13.4,8.3,5.4Hz,1H),1.09(ddd,J=13.3,5.9,2.1Hz,1H),0.99(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.88(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.84(d,J 6.6Hz,3H),0.81(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.06(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d79.1,43.7,39.8,33.8,26.2,25.3,23.5,22.0,18.7,18.5,15.9,14.4,-3.65,-3.71;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 399.1572[(M+H)+;计算值C16H36OISi:399.1580]。
实施例42
Wittig试剂(+)-53.
用i-Pr2NEt(85μl,0.488mmol)和PPh3(1.28g,4.88mmol)处理碘化物(+)-52(195mg,0.489mmol)和苯(100ml)的混合物,然后在70℃加热24h,混合物用正己烷提取(3×20ml),残余物用急骤色谱层析(3%,MeOH/CHCl3)纯化,得到(+)-53(303mg,94%收率),为白色泡沫。[α]23 D+3.3°2.14,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2950(s),2930(s),2855(m),1588(w),1482(w),1463(m),1438(s),1385(m),1365(w),1253(m),1225(m),1207(m),1110(s),1080(m),1032(m),1000(m),832(s),804(m),708(m),680(m),653(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.83-7.67(m,15H),3.70(ddd,J=15.6,11.0,11.0Hz,1H),3.52(dd,J=7.6,1.7Hz,1H),3.45(表观的t,J=15.4Hz,1H),2.08-1.97(m,1H),1.70-1.62(m,1H),1.51(9条谱线,J=6.5Hz,1H),1.09-0.97(m,2H),0.850(s,9H),0.79(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.77(d,J=7.9Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.68(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.12(s,3H),0.11(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 135.2(JCP=2.7Hz),133.6(JCP=9.9Hz),130.6(JCP=12.4Hz),118.5(JCP=85.5Hz),80.1(JCP=12.9Hz),43.5,33.6,32.6(JCP=3.7Hz),26.2,25.3(JCP=51.1Hz),25.0,23.4,21.7,18.6,18.5,13.7,-2.7,-3.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 533.3369[(M-I)+;计算值C34H50OPSi:533.3357]。
实施例43
烯烃(-)-54.
鏻盐(-)-49在使用前与干燥苯进行共沸干燥并在50℃真空加热。使(-)-49(97.7mg,0.0917mmol)在THF(700μl)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,并用NaHMDS(1.0M的THF溶液,85.5μl,0.0855mmol)处理,混合物在0℃搅拌20min,重新冷却到-78℃,加入醛C(28.0mg,0.0570mmol)的THF(300μl)溶液,在-78℃保持10min和在室温保持2h后,混合物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(1.0ml)猝停,并用醚(30ml)提取,醚溶液用水、盐水(各30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-56(50.0mg,76%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-44.9°2.09,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2930(s),2855(s),1615(m),1587(w),1517(m),1463(s),1380(m),1360(m),1320(m),1300(m),1250(s),1170(m),1160(m),1120-1000(s,br),990(m),965(m),935(m),900(m),835(s),807(m),670(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d7.35(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.27(dd,J=11.2,7.8Hz,1H),5.19(表观的t,J=10.9Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.68(表观的t,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.68(表观的t,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.61(dd,J=7.1,1.7Hz,1H),3.53(表观的t,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=9.9,1.6Hz,1H),3.46(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.25(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.71-2.58(m,1H),2.68(dq,J=12.8,7.4Hz,1H),2.62(dq,J=12.8,7.4Hz,1H),2.50(m,1H),2.30(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.08-2.01(m,1H),1.98-1.90(m,1H),1.88(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.7Hz,1H),1.82(表观的qt,J=7.1,2.6Hz,1H),1.65(br d,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.62-1.57(m,2H),1.56(d,J=0.4Hz,3H),1.38(ddd,J=13.6,10.7,1.5Hz,1H),1.29-1.22(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.930(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.925(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.90(s,18H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.74(表观的d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.73(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.019(s,3H),0.017(s,3H),0.013(s,3H),0.009(s,3H),0.00(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8,134.4,131.9,131.8,131.5,131.4,127.3,113.4,101.0,83.4,80.9,80.4,78.5,76.7,76.5,74.2,73.3,65.5,55.2,42.5,41.9,38.2,37.5,37.1,35.4,34.4,33.8,26.3,26.2,26.0,25.9,25.1,23.2,18.5,18.4,18.12,18.08,17.0,16.6,15.6,14.4,12.7,12.1,11.6,10.9,-2.7,-3.5,-3.66,-3.69,-4.2,-4.5,-4.9,-5.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z1171.7799[(M+Na)+;计算值C63H120O8SSi4Na:1171.7781]。
实施例44
羟基二烯(-)-55。
使烯烃(-)-54(49.8mg,0.0434mmol)在CH2Cl2(4.4ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在5min内加入DIBAL(1.0M的甲苯溶液,430μl,0.430mmol),在-78℃保持10min和在0℃保持30min后,反应物用饱和的Rochelle盐的水溶液(500μL)猝停,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用饱和的Rochelle盐的水溶液、盐水(各30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-57(38.0mg,88%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-32°1.90,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3500(w,br),2960(s),2935(s),2900(m),2885(m),2860(s),1610(m),1585(w),1510(m),1470(m),1460(m),1400(m),1375(m),1360(m),1300(m),1250(s),1170(m),1095(m),1080(m),1047(s),1000(m),960(m),950(m),933(m),835(s),805(m),665(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.24(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.27(dd,J=11.4,7.8Hz,1H),5.20(表观的t,J=10.3Hz,1H),5.10(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.68(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.49(ABq,JAB=10.4Hz,ΔδAB=23.4Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.73(ddd,J=10.7,4.0,4.0Hz,1H),3.68(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.57(ddd,J=10.6,5.1,5.1Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=5.4,3.4Hz,1H),3.50(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.35(表观的t,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.26(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),2.68(dq,J=12.8,7.4Hz,1H),2.61(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),2.71-2.58(m,2H),2.51-2.44(m,1H),2.22(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.99-1.86(m,3H),1.81(表观的qt,J=7.1,2.6Hz,1H),1.72(br d,J=12.7Hz,1H),1.62-1.57(m,1H),1.61(s,3H),1.56-1.48(m,1H),1.38(ddd,J=13.5,12.3,1.4Hz,1H),1.27(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.03(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.02(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95-0.92(m,9H),0.93(s,9H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.74(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.08(s,6H),0.05(s,3H),0.024(s,3H),0.020(s,3H),0.012(s,3H),0.009(s,3H),0.006(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.4,134.4,132.3,131.7,130.9,130.4,129.3,114.0,86.3,80.9,80.4,77.6,76.5,75.3,74.2,65.6,65.5,55.3,42.6,41.9,40.0,37.6,37.0,36.8,35.9,35.2,34.5,26.30,26.27,25.9,25.8,25.1,23.2,18.53,18.47,18.13,18.07,17.1,16.6,15.7,15.6,14.4,13.6,11.6,11.4,-2.8,-3.2,-3.4,-3.6,-4.2,-4.5,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1173.7859[(M+Na)+;计算值C63H122O8SSi4Na:1173.7835]。
实施例45
醛(-)-56。
使醇(-)-55(13.8mg,0.0120mmol)和Et3N(42μl,0.30mmol)在CH2Cl2(200μl)中的溶液冷却到0℃,用SO3.吡啶(40mg,0.251mmol)在DMSO(600μl)的溶液处理,在0℃,45min后,混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释(30ml),用NaHSO4(1.0M,30ml)水溶液、盐水(2×30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。吸液管急骤色谱层析(3%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-56(13.2mg,96%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-32.1°1.40,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2960(s),2935(s),2880(m),1720(m),1610(m),1512(m),1470(m),1460(m),1387(m),1380(m),1360(m),1340(m),1320(m),1300(m),1250(s),1110(s),1098(s),1080(s),1048(s),1002(m),988(m),965(m),950(m),935(m),835(s)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.78(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.27(dd,J=11.1,7.8Hz,1H),5.19(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.10(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.67(表观的t,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.45(表观的s,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.68(表观的t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.58-3.56(m,2H),3.51(表观的t,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.25(表观的t,J=5.2Hz,1H),2.73(dqd,J=7.1,6.0,2.6Hz,1H),2.70-2.57(m,3H),2.51-2.44(m,1H),2.23(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.98-1.85(m,2H),1.81(表观的qt,J=7.1,2.6Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=13.0Hz,1H),1.60(s,3H),1.62-1.50(m,2H),1.37(ddd,J=13.8,10.4,1.5Hz,1H),1.26(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.10(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.02(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.938(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.932(d,J=7.8Hz,3H),0.919(s,9H),0.918(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.88(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.732(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.726(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.053(s,3H),0.047(s,3H),0.02(s,6H),0.009(s,3H),0.005(s,6H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 204.6,159.3,134.4,132.3,131.8,130.8,130.3,129.1,128.3,113.8,82.6,80.9,80.4,76.5,74.5,74.2,65.5,55.3,49.5,42.5,41.9,40.3,37.1,36.8,35.4,34.9,34.4,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.8,25.1,23.2,18.49,18.45,18.12,18.07,17.0,16.6,15.6,14.4,13.3,12.1,11.6,11.4,-2.8,-3.3,-3.4,-3.7,-4.2,-4.5,-4.9,-5.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z1171.7670[(M+Na)+;计算值C63H120O8SSiNa:1171.7676]。
实施例46
四烯(-)-57。
使Ph2PCH2CH=CH2(40μl,0.19mmol)在THF(1.0ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,加入t-BuLi(1.7M的戊烷溶液,72.0μl,0.122mmol),混合物0℃搅拌30min,冷却到-78℃,并用Ti(OiPr)4(45μl,0.15mmol)处理,30min后,通过导管引入冷却的(-78℃)醛(-)-56(30.2mg,0.0262mmol)的THF(1.0ml)溶液,使得到的混合物在-78℃搅拌10min,在0℃搅拌1h。然后加入MeI(20μl,0.32mmol),在0℃保持反应30min,升温到室温,用铝箔避光,搅拌过夜,反应混合物用醚(30ml)稀释,用NaHSO4水溶液(1.0M)、盐水(各30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到16∶1的Z/E异构体的混合物(20.0mg,70%收率),为油。吸液管急骤色谱层析(20%苯/正己烷),得到Z-烯烃(-)-57,为无色油:[α]23 D-57.2°2.56,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3015(m),2960(s),2940(s),2900(m),2885(m),2860(s),1613(w),1515(m),1475(m),1465(m),1390(w),1380(w),1360(w),1250(s),1110(m),1100(m),1080(m),1050(s),1003(m),963(w),950(w),835(s),800(m),790(m),770(m),700(w),690(w),670(w),655(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.25(d,J=8.2Hz,2H)6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.57(dddd,J=16.8,11.0,11.0,0.7Hz,1H)6.00(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.55(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.26(dd,J=11.2,7.8Hz,1H),5.20-5.16(m,2H),5.09(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.67(表观的t,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.49(ABq,JAB=10.6Hz,ΔδAB=41.3Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.68(表观的t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.52(表观的t,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=4.8,3.9Hz,1H),3.24-3.21(m,2H),3.01-2.94(m,1H),2.67(dq,J=12.8,7.4Hz,1H),2.61(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),2.71-2.57(m,1H),2.46-2.39(m,1H),2.00(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.83-1.73(m,3H),1.64(brd,J=14.0Hz,1H),1.62-1.52(m,2H),1.55(d,J=0.5Hz,3H),1.36(ddd,J=13.7,10.8,1.5Hz,1H),1.26(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.25(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.08(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.93(s,9H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.89-0.86(m,3H),0.86(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.70(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.08(s,6H),0.05(s,3H),0.02(s,3H),0.013(s,3H),0.010(s,6H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,134.5,134.3,132.2,131.9,131.8,131.2,129.13,129.07,117.6,113.7,84.6,80.9,80.5,76.5,75.0,74.2,65.5,55.3,42.5,41.9,40.2,37.2,36.1,35.4,35.3,34.5,29.7,26.3,26.0,25.9,25.1,23.1,18.7,18.6,18.5,18.14,18.09,I7.0,16.8,15.6,14.8,14.4,11.6,10.6,-2.8,-3.2,-3.3,-3.6,-4.2,-4.5,-4.90,-4.93;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1195.8001[(M+Na)+;计算值C66H124O7SSi4Na:1195.8042]。
实施例47
内酯(-)-58。
用pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(500μl)和HgCl2(215mg)处理二烯(-)-57(7.0mg,0.00597mmol)在THF/CH3CN(2∶1,1.50ml)中的溶液,室温搅拌悬浮液40min,用醚(30ml)稀释,用盐水(2×30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,吸液管急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到内半缩醛的混合物,为无色油,其进一步用DMSO(1.0ml)和Ac2O(200ml)室温处理2天,混合物用醚(30ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3(30ml)、盐水(30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,吸液管急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-58(5.5mg,82%从(-)-57计算的收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-31.60.23,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3015(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(m),2855(m),1725(m),1610(w),1510(w),1460(m),1385(m),1373(m),1360(m),1300(w),1250(s),1230(m),1200(m),1170(m),1120(m),1097(m),1060(m),1045(s),1020(m),1003(m),980(w),955(w),930(w),905(w),867(m),835(s),800(m),695(m),670(m),660(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.25(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.57(ddd,J=16.7,10.6,10.6Hz,1H),6.00(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.55(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.26(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.19(dd,J=15.4,1.4Hz,1H),5.18(表观的t,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.10(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.01(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.75(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=10.5,1.3,1.3Hz,1H),4.50(ABq,JAB=10.6Hz,ΔδAB=42.6Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.60(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=5.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=7.5,3.7Hz,1H),3.20(表观的t,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.01-2.94(m,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.7,2.6Hz,1H),2.62-2.55(m,1H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),1.98(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.84-1.67(m,3H),1.63(br d,J=13.2Hz,1H),1.52(s,3H),1.55-1.48(m,1H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.09(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.93(表观的d,J=6.7Hz,6H),0.93(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.085(s,3H),0.079(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.046(s,3H),0.042(s,3H),0.029(s,3H),0.028(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.2,159.1,134.4,133.4,132.4,132.2,131.9.,131.3,131.2,129.11,129.09,117.6,113.7,84.6,80.5,76.9,75.0,74.9,64.6,55.3,44.1,42.7,40.1,37.5,36.0,35.44,35.37,35.2,34.2,26.31,26.28,25.9,25.7,23.0,18.7,18.6,18.4,18.1,18.0,17.1,16.5,16.4,14.9,14.1,10.5,-3.0,-3.2,-3.3,-4.3,-4.4,-4.5,-4.8,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z1149.7836[(M+Na)+;计算值C64H118O8Si4Na:1149.7802]。
实施例48
醇(-)-59.
在0℃用H2O(50μl)和DDQ(3.0mg,0.0132mmol)处理(-)-58(4.0mg,0.00355mmol)在CH2Cl2(500μl)中的溶液,1h后,混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释(30ml),用盐水洗涤(3×30ml),MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,吸液管急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-59(3.4mg,95%收率),为无色油:[α]23 D-20°0.34,CHCl3);IR(膜,CHCl3在NaCl板上)3500(w,br),2960(s),2930(s),2890(s),2855(s),1740(m),1460(m),1405(m),1380(m),1360(s),1253(m),1220(m),1120(s),1093(s),1075(s),1045(s),1022(s),1002(m),980(m),933(m),902(m),833(s),808(m),770(s),663(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.61(ddd,J=16.8,10.9,10.9Hz,1H),6.13(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.32(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.28(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.24-5.21(m,1H),5.19(表观的t,J=10.3Hz,1H),5.14(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.50(表观的t,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.60(dd,J=5.5,3.4Hz,1H),3.32(brd,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.24(表观的t,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.79(ddq,J=9.9,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.57(m,1H),2.50-2.45(m,1H),2.16(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.90-1.77(m,3H),1.75-1.69(m,2H),1.57(s,3H),1.60-1.50(m,1H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.95-0.93(m,6H),0.91(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.89-0.84(m,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(表观的s,6H),0.052(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.04(表观的s,6H),0.03(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.3,134.7,133.5,132.5,132.1,132.0,131.5,131.0,118.4,80.5,78.8,76.4,74.9,64.7,44.1,42.7,38.0,37.4,36.3,36.1,35.2,35.1,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.2,18.5,18.1,18.0,17.3,17.2,16.4,16.1,14.1,13.7,9.4,-3.0,-3.3,-3.6,-4.34,-4.36,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1029.7273[(M+Na)+;计算值C56H110O7Si4Na:1029.7226]。
实施例49
氨基甲酸酯(-)-60.
室温用Cl3CON=C=O(20μl,0.168mmol)处理醇(-)-59(2.2mg,0.00219mmol)在CH2Cl2(500μl)中的溶液,30min后,混合物用常规的CH2Cl2(2.0ml)稀释,并用中性Al2O3(500mg)处理,混合物室温搅拌2h,通过短二氧化硅插栓过滤,浓缩,吸液管急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷,得到(-)-60(1.9mg,83%收率),为无色:[α]23 D-37°0.19,CHCl3);IR(膜,CHCl3在NaCl板上)3510(m),3360(m,br),3180(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(s),2855(s),1730(s,br),1596(m),1460(s),1385(s),1362(s),1325(m),1255(s),1220(m),1100(s),1043(s),983(m),937(m),904(m),832(s),770(s),663(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.58(dddd,J=16.8,10.6,10.6,0.7Hz,1H),6.01(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.36(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.27(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.22-5.16(m,2H),5.12(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.71(表观的t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=10.5,10.5,1.3Hz,1H),4.44(br s,2H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H)3.42(表观的t,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.22(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.6,6.6Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.55(m,1H),2.48-2.41(m,1H),2.09(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.93-1.88(m,1H),1.87-1.77(m,2H),1.71(ddd,J=14.1,10.8,1.6Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=13.7Hz,1H),1.56(表观的s,3H),1.55-1.50(m,1H),1.21(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.918(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.915(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.853(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.847(s,9H),0.70(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.053(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.040(s,3H),0.037(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.3,156.9,133.6,133.5,132.4,132.1,131.9,131.4,129.8,118.0,80.5,78.9,74.9,64.6,44.2,42.7,37.8,37.4,36.0,35.3,35.2,34.5,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.0,18.5,18.4,18.1,18.0,17.5,17.1,16.44,16.38,14.1,13.7,10.1,-3.0,-3.4,-3.6,-4.4,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1072.7264[(M+Na)+;计算值C57H111NO8Si4Na:1072.7283]。
实施例50
迪莫利德[(-)-1]。
室温搅拌烯烃(-)-60(5.8mg,5.5mmo1)在48%HF-CH3CN(1∶9,1.0ml)的溶液中12h,然后用饱和的NaHCO3水溶液(5.0ml)猝停,混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×10ml),合并的有机提取液用盐水洗涤(5.0ml),MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,吸液管急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱,1∶30到1∶6MeOH/CHCl3),得到(-)-1(2.0mg,60%收率),为白色无定形固体:[α]23 D-16°0.03,MeOH);IR(CHCl3)3690(w),3620(w),3540(w),3430(w),3020(s),2975(m),2935(m),1740(m),1590(w),1540(w),1520(w),1467(w),1430(w),1385(m),1330(w),1233(s),1210(s),1100(w),1045(m),1033(m),975(w),930(m),910(w),793(m),777(m),765(m),750(m),705(m),687(m),670(m),660(m),625(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.60(dddd,J=16.8,8.4,8.4,0.8Hz,1H),6.02(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.51(dd,J=11.2,7.9Hz,1H),5.42(ddd,J=10.6,10.6,0.6Hz,1H),5.34(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=16.9,1.9Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.77-4.69(m,1H),4.70(dd,J=7.3,4.2Hz,1H),4.60(ddd,J=10.0,10.0,2.4Hz,1H),4.56(br s,2H),3.73(m,1H),3.28(m,1H),3.18(dd,J=6.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.9,6.9Hz,1H),2.78(ddq,J=9.8,6.8,6.8Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.3,4.6Hz,1H),2.60-2.55(m,1H),2.10-1.80(m,10H),1.69(ddd,J=14.4,10.3,3.1Hz,1H),1.64(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.30(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.6,157.0,134.4,133.7,133.4,132.9,132.2,129.9,129.8,117.9,79.1,78.9,77.9,75.7,73.2,64.4,43.1,41.0,37.4,36.1,36.0,35.8,35.3,34.8,33.1,23.3,18.4,17.4,15.6,15.5,13.7,12.5,9.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 616.3840[(M+Na)+;计算值C33H55NO8Na:616.3826]。
实施例51(图16和17)
A.甲苯磺酸酯101
在0℃,用对甲苯磺酰氯(286mg,1.5mmol)处理二烯16(1.15g,1.0mmol)在无水吡啶(10ml)中的溶液(参见,Smith等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011)。混合物升温到室温,保温4-6h。真空除去吡啶,残余物通过急骤色谱层析,得到甲苯磺酸酯101。
B.芳烃102
在0℃,将苯基锂(2.7ml,1.8M的环己烷-醚(70∶30)溶液)滴加到碘化铜(I)(460mg,2.4mmol)的无水二乙醚(5ml)溶液中,向生成的混合物中加入甲苯磺酸酯101(780mg,0.6mmol)的醚(5ml)溶液,生成的混合物搅拌下升温到室温,4h后,加入饱和的氯化铵水溶液(20ml),分离出层,水层用乙酸乙酯提取,合并的有机物经硫酸镁干燥,并真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤色谱层析,得到102。
C.内半缩醛103
向102(120mg,0.1mmol)在四氢呋喃-乙腈(15ml,2∶1)的溶液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7,5ml)和氯化银(II)(272mg,1.0mmol)。生成的混合物在室温下搅拌1h,反应混合物用醚稀释(100ml),用饱和的盐水洗(2×50ml),硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩。残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到α端基异构体和β端基异构体的混合物103。
D.内酯104
向103(84mg,0.070mmol)在二甲亚砜(10ml)的溶液中加入乙酸酐(2ml),在室温下2天后,混合物用醚稀释(100ml),用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(50ml)、饱和盐水(50mL)洗,硫酸镁干燥和真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到104。
E.醇105
向104(56mg,0.050mmol)在二氯甲烷(3ml)的溶液中加入水(50ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(52mg,0.018mmol),1h后,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释(50ml),用饱和盐水洗(3×25ml),硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到105。
F.氨基甲酸酯106
向105(10mg,0.010mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(0.12ml,1.00mmol),30min后,反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释(4ml),加入中性氧化铝(1g),生成的悬浮液另外搅拌4h,过滤反应混合物,浓缩滤液在硅胶上进行色谱分析,得到106。
G.四醇107
106(10mg,0.0096mmol)在48%的氢氟酸-乙腈(1∶9,2ml)的溶液室温搅拌,12h后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25ml),混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×20ml),合并的有机物经硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到107。
实施例52(图18-20)
A.醇203
向粉末状4分子筛(2.0g)在100毫升无水甲苯的淤浆中加入硼酸盐202(170ml,1.0M的甲苯溶液)(参见,Roush等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1990,112,6348),溶液在室温下搅拌10min,然后冷却到-78℃,在2h内,加入醛201(参见,Solladie等人,Tetrahedron Lett.,1987,28,797)(113mmol)的甲苯(100ml)溶液,加完后,在-78℃反应10h。加入过量的乙醇硼氢化钠(约0.75g/10ml),反应混合物升温到0℃,加入1N的氢氧化钠水溶液(300ml),剧烈搅拌混合物2h。分层,水层用醚提取(5×300ml),合并的有机物经碳酸钾干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到203。
B.双甲硅烷基醚204
使203(75mmol)在二甲基甲酰胺(150ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,用咪唑(150mmol)和叔丁基二甲基氯化硅(100mmol)处理,得到的溶液升温到室温,12h后,将反应混合物倾入到1500ml的水中,用醚提取(3×200ml),乙醚萃取物用水(2×50ml)和饱和盐水(50ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到204。
C.醇205
使204(20mmol)在500ml甲醇中的溶液冷却到-78℃,用臭氧和氧流处理,直到无色溶液变为钢青色溶液,粗反应混合物用硼氢化钠(100mmol)小心地猝停,溶液升温到室温,3h后,过量的硼氢化钠通过小心加入水而被破坏,真空除去甲醇,残余物在饱和氯化铵水溶液(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(200ml)之间分配,分层,水层进一步用乙酸乙酯(2×100ml)提取,合并的有机物经无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到205。
D.三乙基甲硅烷基醚206。
使205(15mmol)在二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,用咪唑(30mmol)和三乙基氯化硅(20mmol)处理,生成的溶液升温到室温,12h后,将反应混合物倾入到300ml的水中,用醚提取(3×40ml)。乙醚萃取物用水(2×25ml)和饱和盐水(25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到206。
E.醇207
向206(6mmol)在乙酸乙酯-乙醇(8∶1,90ml)的溶液中加入钯碳(10%湿度,500mg)。混合物在氢气氛下搅拌3-6h,然后过滤,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到207。
F.醛208
向-10℃的207(13mmol)和三乙胺(50mmol)在二氯甲烷(26ml)的溶液中加入三氧化硫-吡啶(39mmol)在二甲亚砜(50ml)的溶液,在室温下搅拌混合物1h,用醚稀释(150ml)。有机相用硫酸氢钠水溶液(1M,100ml)、饱和盐水(4×100ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到208。
G.Wittig产物209
鏻盐15(参见Smith等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011)(0.2mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(2ml),冷却到0℃,加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钠(0.2mmol,1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液),反应混合物在0℃搅拌30min,冷却到-78℃后,加入醛208(0.1mmol)的四氢呋喃(2ml)溶液,混合物在-78℃搅拌10min,在室温下搅拌2h,加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(2ml),生成的混合物用醚提取(3×20ml),醚层用水(2×25ml)和饱和盐水(25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到209。
H.羟基二烯210。
-78℃的209(0.05mmol)在CH2Cl2(5ml)的溶液用二异丁基氢化铝(0.5ml,1.0M的甲苯溶液)处理,溶液在-78℃搅拌10min,在0℃搅拌30min,反应用饱和酒石酸钾钠溶液(50ml)猝停,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,分离有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到210。
I.醛211
向-10℃的207(1.3mmol)和三乙胺(5.0mmol)在二氯甲烷(3ml)的溶液中加入三氧化硫-吡啶(3.9mmol)在二甲亚砜(5ml)中的溶液,混合物在室温下搅拌1h,用醚稀释(15ml),有机相用硫酸氢钠水溶液(1M,10ml)、饱和盐水(4×10ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到211。
J.四烯212
使二苯基烯丙基膦(0.08ml,0.38mmol)在四氢呋喃(2ml)的溶液冷却到-78℃,加入叔丁基锂(0.14ml,1.7M的戊烷溶液)。混合物升温到0℃30min,然后再冷却到-78℃,用异丙氧化钛(IV)(0.30mmol)处理,30min后,加入醛211(0.30mmol)在四氢呋喃(2ml)中的溶液。溶液在-78℃搅拌15min,在0℃搅拌1h。加入碘代甲烷(0.64mmol),反应升温到室温,反应12h,反应混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用硫酸氢钠水溶液(30ml,1.0M)、饱和盐水(30ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到212。
K.醛213
将草酰氯(1.5mmol)滴加到-78℃的二甲亚砜(3mmol)在二氯甲烷(4ml)的溶液中,15min后,通过套管加入-78℃的212(1mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的溶液,再过15min后,加入二异丙基乙胺(4.5mmol),反应在1h内逐渐地升温到室温,用硫酸氢钠水溶液猝停,混合物用醚(50ml)稀释,用水(2×30ml)、饱和盐水(2×30ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到213。
L.酯214
向-78℃的(CF3CCH2O)2POCH2CO2Et(2mmol)和18-冠-6(2.4mmol)在四氢呋喃(5毫升)的溶液中加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾(2mmol)在四氢呋喃(2ml)中的溶液,溶液在-78℃搅拌10min,然后用醛213(1.2mmol)在4ml四氢呋喃中的溶液处理,反应混合物升温到0℃,反应6-8h,然后用饱和氯化铵水溶液(10ml)猝停,分离水层,用正己烷(2×25ml提取),合并的有机物经硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到214。
M.醇215
在0℃,向214(0.050mmol)在二氯甲烷(3ml)中的溶液中加入水(50ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(0.018mmol),1h后,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,用饱和盐水(3×25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析得到215。
N.氨基甲酸酯216
向215(0.010mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(1.00mmol),30min后,反应混合物用二氯甲烷(4ml)稀释,加入中性氧化铝(1g),生成的悬浮液再搅拌4h。反应混合物过滤,浓缩滤液在硅胶上进行色谱层析,得到216。
O.三醇217
室温搅拌216(0.010mmol)在48%氢氟酸-乙腈(1∶9,2ml)中的溶液,12h后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25ml)。混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×20ml),合并的有机物用硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析,得到217。
实施例53(图21-22)
A.羟基噁唑302
使噁唑(3mmol)在四氢呋喃(15ml)中的溶液冷却到-78的,用正丁基锂(3mmol)在正己烷的溶液处理(参见,Hodges等人,J.Org.Chem.,1991,56,449),在-78℃反应30min后,加入预先制备的醛301(2mmol)在四氢呋喃(10ml)中的溶液(参见,Smith等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011),反应混合物逐渐地升温到室温,18-24h后,反应用饱和氯化铵水溶液(25ml)猝停,分离水层,用醚提取(3×25ml),合并的有机物经硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到302。
B.甲苯磺酸酯303
在0℃,用对甲苯磺酰氯(286mg,1.5mmol)处理302(1.0mmol)在无水吡啶(10ml)中的溶液,混合物升温到室温,反应4-6h。真空除去吡啶,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到甲苯磺酸酯303。
C.还原产物304
向0℃的甲苯磺酸酯303(0.5mmol)在四氢呋喃(2ml)中的溶液中加入三乙基硼氢化锂(2mmol)在四氢呋喃(1.0M)中的溶液,溶液升温到室温,反应2-4h,然后用水(1ml)猝停,用醚稀释(25ml)。醚层用饱和盐水洗(2×10ml),硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱纯化,得到304。
D.内半缩醛305
向304(0.1mmol)在四氢呋喃-乙腈(15ml,2∶1)的溶液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7,5ml)和氯化汞(II)(1.0mol),生成的混合物在室温下搅拌1h,反应混合物用醚稀释(100ml),用饱和盐水(2×50ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱纯化,得到α和β端基异构体的混合物305。
E.内酯306
向305(0.070mmol)在二甲基亚砜(10ml)的溶液中加入乙酸酐(2ml),在室温下放置2天后,混合物用醚稀释(100ml),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50ml)、饱和盐水(50ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱纯化,得到306。
F.醇307
在0℃,向306(0.050mmol)在二氯甲烷(3ml)的溶液中加入水(50ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(0.018mmol),1h后,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,用饱和盐水(3×25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱纯化,得到307。
G.氨基甲酸酯308
向307(0.010mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(1.00mmol),30min后,反应混合物用二氯甲烷(4ml)稀释,加入中性氧化铝(1g),生成的悬浮液再搅拌4h,反应混合物过滤,浓缩滤液在硅胶上进行色谱层析,得到308。
H.四醇309
室温搅拌308(0.010mmol)在48%氢氟酸-乙腈(1∶9,2ml)的溶液,12h后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25ml),混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×20ml),合并的有机物经硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱纯化,得到309。
实施例54
如图23所示,将402(10.5mg,10.4mmol)在48%HF-CH3CN(1∶9,1.0ml)中的溶液室温搅拌12hr。反应用饱和NaHCO3(5.0ml)猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×10ml)。合并有机相然后用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法纯化残余物得到401。
实施例55(图24)
A.PMB-醚503
ZnCl2(1.32g,9.69mmol)在160℃下真空干燥过夜,然后用碘化物502(2.46g,9.59mmol)在干燥Et2O(50ml)中的溶液处理。混合物室温搅拌,直到大部分ZnCl2溶解,然后冷却到-78℃。在30min内加入t-BuLi(1.7M,在戊烷中,17.0ml),得到的溶液再搅拌15min,升温到室温并搅拌1hr。通过套管把溶液加入到碘代烯烃B(参见Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011)(3.21g 6.19mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(364.2mg,0.315mmol)的混合物中。混合物用铝箔覆盖,搅拌过夜,然后用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释,用盐水(2×100ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法纯化残余物得到503。
B.鏻盐504
醇503(1.70g,3.26mmol)在CH2Cl2(28ml)中的溶液被冷却到0℃并用水(1.3ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6二氰基-1,4-二苯醌(774mg,3.41mmol)处理。混合物在0℃搅拌5hr,用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥并通过硅胶柱过滤。然后真空浓缩,在室温下使残余物溶于乙醇(50ml),并加入过量硼氢化钠。30min后,反应冷却到0℃,用NH4Cl的饱和水溶液(50ml)猝停,并浓缩。残余物溶于CH2Cl2(90ml)并用水洗溶液,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物用急骤层析法纯化得到醇。
醇(400mg,1.0mmol)在干燥苯/乙醚(1∶2 50ml)中的溶液用三苯膦(923mg,3.6mmol)和咪唑(273mg,4.0mmol)处理。当所有咪唑溶解后,在剧烈搅拌反应混合物下加入碘(761mg,3.0mmol)。混合物再搅拌2h,然后用三乙胺(4ml)处理。得到的溶液用CH2Cl2(50ml)稀释并用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(100ml)、饱和NaHCO3(100ml)和盐水(2×100ml)洗。有机相MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。滤液通过硅胶除去三苯基氧膦,得到碘化物。碘化物与二异丙基乙基胺(0.6ml,3.44mmol)和三苯膦(4.94g,18.8mmol)混合。混合物在80℃下加热24hr,冷却到室温并用正己烷(2×50ml)洗。通过急骤层析法分离产物得到504。
C.偶合产物505
用干燥苯共沸干燥鏻盐504(386mg,0.5mmol),和使用前在真空下于50℃加热3hr。然后溶于四氢呋喃(30ml)。在-78℃下加入双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钠(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,0.48ml,0.48mmol),混合物搅拌25min然后再冷却到-78℃。加入醛C(147mg,0.30mmol)在四氢呋喃(1.5ml)中的溶液(参见Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011),混合物在-78℃下搅拌10min,在室温下2hr。用NH4Cl饱和水溶液(4.0ml)猝停反应,得到的混合物用醚(120ml)提取,醚层用水(100ml)和盐水(100ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到烯烃505。
D.内酯506
向505(200mg,0.23mmol)的四氢呋喃-乙腈(10ml 2∶1)溶液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.0,3.3ml)和HgCl2(1.3g)。悬浮液在室温下搅拌40min,然后用醚(150ml)稀释用盐水(2×70ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到α/β端基异构的内半缩醛混合物。直接地用于下一步氧化:在氩气下,向内半缩醛在二甲亚砜(5.0ml)的溶液中加入乙酸酐(1.0ml),在室温下2天后混合物用醚(150ml)稀释,用NaHCO3饱和水溶液(150ml)和盐水(150ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到内酯。内酯(160mg,0.20mmol)的甲醇(4ml)溶液用对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(10mg)处理并在40℃搅拌30min。混合物用醚(80ml)稀释并用NaHCO3饱和水溶液(90ml)和盐水(40ml)洗,然后MgSO4干燥。真空浓缩有机溶液,残余物通过硅胶柱得到醇506。
E.酸507
向醇506(140mg)的二甲基甲酰胺(5.0ml)溶液中加入重铬酸吡啶鎓(210mg,0.55mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌5hr,并用水(120ml)稀释。混合物用乙醚(3×15ml)提取。合并有机溶液并用盐水(40ml)洗,并MgSO4干燥,然后真空浓缩得到残余物,用急骤层析法纯化得到羧酸507。
F.氨基酰胺508
向507(60.0mg,78.1mmol)和D-亮氨酸盐酸盐(26.0mg,0.16mmol)的CH2Cl2(3ml)溶液中加入1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC,23mg,0.12mmol)和1-羟基苯并三唑(21.0mg,0.14mmol),然后加入二异丙胺(40ml,0.23mmol)。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后加入5%KHSO4溶液。得到的化合物用乙酸乙酯(30ml)提取。有机层用盐水(20ml)洗并MgSO4干燥,然后真空浓缩。残余物用柱色谱法纯化得到508。
G.类似物501
508(52mg,59mmol)的48%HF-乙腈(1∶9,1.0ml)溶液在室温下搅拌12hr。反应用NaHCO3的饱和水溶液(5.0ml)猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取。合并有机相用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到501。
实施例56(图25)
A.二烯603
用干燥苯共沸干燥鏻盐15(98.0mg,0.092mmol),和使用前在真空下于50℃加热3hr。然后溶于四氢呋喃(0.7ml)。在-78℃下加入双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钠(1.0M在四氢呋喃中,86ml,85.5mmol),混合物搅拌20min然后再冷却到-78℃。加入醛602(13mg,60mmol)在四氢呋喃(300ml)中的溶液,混合物在-78℃下搅拌10min,在室温下2hr。用NH4Cl饱和水溶液(1.0ml)猝停反应,得到的混合物用醚(30ml)提取,醚层用水(30ml)和盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到产物。
把烯烃(39mg,44mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液冷却到-78℃,在5min滴加二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M在甲苯中,440ml,0.40mmol),得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌10min并在0℃搅拌30min。反应用Rochelle盐的饱和溶液猝停,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用Rochelle溶液和盐水(各自30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到醇603。
B.烷烃604
搅拌下在0℃下向醇603(82mg,0.93mmol)的吡啶(1.5ml)溶液中加入对甲苯磺酰氯(26.6mg,0.14mmol)。3hr后反应混合物真空浓缩。残余物用柱色谱法纯化得到甲苯磺酸酯。向甲苯磺酸酯(94mg,0.91mmol)的醚(5ml)溶液中加入二异丙基铜锂(Pr2CuLi)(约0.5M,在乙醚中,10ml,过量)。得到的溶液搅拌8hr然后用NH4Cl饱和水溶液(50ml)猝停反应。再继续搅拌2h。分离有机相并用NH4Cl溶液(20ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到604。
C.烯酮605
604(75mg,83mmol)的甲醇(2ml)溶液用对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(约4mg)处理并在40℃搅拌30min。混合物用醚(20ml)稀释并先后用NaHCO3饱和水溶液(25ml)和盐水(10ml)洗,然后MgSO4.干燥。真空浓缩有机溶液,残余物通过硅胶柱得到醇,向醇(62.0mg,68.2mmol)在苯(2.0ml)的溶液中加入氧化锰(2V)(100mg,1.15mmol)室温搅拌8h后,反应混合物通过硅薄土垫过滤。滤液真空浓缩,使残余物通过急骤层析法得到α,β-不饱和的酮605。
D.三醇606
α,β-不饱和酮605(45mg,56mmol)的CH2Cl2(2ml)溶液冷却到0℃并用水(0.1mL)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(15mg,66mmol)处理。混合物在0℃搅拌5hr,用CH2Cl2(15ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥并通过硅胶柱过滤,然后真空浓缩,残余物不经提纯用于下一步。粗品醇的48%HF-乙腈(1∶9,1.0ml)溶液在室温下搅拌12hr。反应用NaHCO3饱和溶液(5.0ml)猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取,合并有机相用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩。残余物用急骤层析法纯化得到601。
实施例57(图26)
A.烷烃702
在-25℃温度下向碘化物A(300mg,0.54mmol)的醚(5ml)溶液中加入二丁基铜锂(Bu2CuLi)(大约0.5M的醚溶液,5.4ml,过量)。得到的溶液搅拌8hr然后用NH4Cl的饱和水溶液(50ml)猝停。继续搅拌2hr并分离有机相。有机溶液用NH4Cl溶液(20ml)洗并MgSO4干燥后真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到702。
B.醇703
702(240mg,0.50mmol)的CH2Cl2(6.0ml)溶液冷却到-78℃。在5min内滴加二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M的甲苯溶液,1.50ml,1.50mmol),得到的溶液在-78℃下搅拌10min然后在0℃下搅拌30min。用Rochelle盐的饱和溶液猝停反应,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用Rochelle溶液和盐水(各30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到醇703。
C.碘化物704
用三苯膦(420mg,1.6mmol)和咪唑(123mg,1.8mmol)处理醇703(210mg,0.44mmol)的干燥苯/乙醚(1∶2,5ml)溶液。在所有咪唑溶解后,剧烈搅拌下加入碘(335mg,1.32mmol)。混合物搅拌2h,然后用三乙胺(1.8ml)处理。得到的溶液用CH2Cl2(22ml)稀释并用Na2S2O3的饱和溶液(40ml)、NaHCO3的饱和水溶液(40ml)和盐水(2×40ml)洗,有机相MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物用急骤层析法纯化得到碘化物704。
D.鏻盐705
碘化物704与三苯膦(2.17g,8.27mmol)混合,混合物在80℃下加热24hr,冷却到室温,并用正己烷(2×20ml)洗。通过急骤层析法得到鏻盐705。
E.烯烃707
705(260mg,0.30mmol)的四氢呋喃(6.0ml)溶液冷却到-10℃并在5min滴加正丁基锂溶液(1.0M的正己烷溶液,0.29ml,0.29mmol)。得到的溶液在室温下搅拌50min然后再冷却到-78℃并加入醛706(39mg,0.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(1.5ml)溶液。混合物在-78℃搅拌10min并在0℃搅拌1hr。反应用NH4Cl的饱和水溶液(1.0ml)猝停,用醚(30ml)提取得到的混合物。醚层用水(30ml)和盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到烯烃707(149mg,85%收率)。
F.二醇708
在室温下把丙酮化合物707(147mg,0.25mmol)溶于80%乙酸水溶液(2.5ml)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌4hr然后用水(20ml)稀释。混合物用乙酸乙酯(2×5ml)提取,合并有机层,用NaHCO3饱和溶液和盐水(各10ml)洗,然后MgSO4.干燥,有机溶液真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤硅胶层析法纯化得到二醇708。
G.对甲苯磺酸酯709
向二醇708(134mg,0.25mmol)的吡啶(2ml)溶液中加入对甲苯磺酰氯(52mg,0.27mmol)。3hr后,反应混合物用醚(30ml)稀释,用冰冷的1M盐酸(60ml)、NaHCO3饱和溶液(20ml)和盐水(20ml)洗,然后真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法纯化得到单甲苯磺酸酯709。
H.环氧化物710
在室温下向甲苯磺酸酯酯709(145mg,0.21mmol)的甲醇(3.0ml)溶液中加入碳酸钾(10mg)。混合物搅拌20min,然后用水(60ml)稀释并用乙酸乙酯(2×20ml)提取。合并有机层用盐水洗并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到环氧化物710。
I.醇711
在0℃下向710(41mg,79mmol)的CH2Cl2(3.0ml)溶液中加入水(0.15ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(60mg,0.26mmol)。混合物在0℃温度下搅拌5hr,用CH2Cl2(15ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥并通过硅胶柱过滤。然后真空浓缩,粗品711可不需提纯使用。
J.氨基甲酸酯712
在室温下向711(8.7mg,22mmol)的CH2Cl2(1.0ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(0.2ml,1.7mmol),30min后混合物用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释并加入一些中性Al2O3(500mg)。混合物在室温下搅拌2hr,然后通过短硅胶柱过滤,真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到712。
K.羟基-氨基甲酸乙酯701
712(6.0mg,14mmol)的48%HF-乙腈(1∶9,1.0ml)溶液在室温下搅拌12hr.。反应用NaHCO3饱和溶液(5.0ml)猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取。合并有机相然后用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到701。
实施例58(图27和28)
A.碘化物802
用三苯膦(378mg,1.44mmol)和咪唑(111mg,1.62mmol)处理醇16(参见Smith等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,12011)(410mg,0.360mmol)的干燥苯/乙醚(1∶2,10ml)溶液。在咪唑完全溶解后,剧烈搅拌下加入碘(301mg,1.19mmol)。反应混合物搅拌2h然后用三乙胺(1.7ml)处理。得到的溶液用CH2Cl2(30ml)稀释并用Na2S2O3的饱和水溶液(40ml)、NaHCO3的饱和水溶液(40ml)和盐水(2×40ml)洗。有机相MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到碘化物802。
B.鏻盐803
向碘化物802(410mg,0.325mmol)的苯(20ml)溶液中加入三苯膦(1.00g,3.81mmol)。混合物在80℃加热24hr,冷却到室温并真空浓缩,残余物用正己烷(2×20ml)洗,通过急骤层析法纯化得到鏻盐803。
C.烯烃805
803(460mg,0.30mmol)的四氢呋喃(9.0ml)溶液冷却到-10℃。在5min滴加正丁基锂溶液(1.0M的正己烷溶液,0.29ml,0.29mmol),得到的溶液在室温下搅拌50min。混合物再冷却到-78℃并加入醛804 39mg,0.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(0.1ml)溶液。混合物在-78℃下搅拌10min并在0℃下1hr。反应用NH4Cl的饱和水溶液(20ml)猝停,得到的混合物用乙醚(40ml)提取,乙醚层用水(30ml)和盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法纯化残余物得到805。
D.二醇806
在室温下使丙酮化合物805(280mg,0.22mmol)溶于80%乙酸水溶液(3.5ml)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌4hr然后用水(40ml)稀释,混合物用乙酸乙酯(2×10ml)提取。合并有机层用NaHCO3饱和溶液和盐水(各10ml)洗,然后MgSO4干燥。有机溶液真空浓缩残余物通过硅胶急骤层析法得到二醇806。
E.甲苯磺酸酯807
在0℃下向二醇806(235mg,0.19mmol)的吡啶(2ml)溶液中加入对甲苯磺酰氯(45mg,0.23mmol)。3hr后反应混合物用乙醚(30ml)稀释并用冰冷的1M盐酸(30ml)、NaHCO3饱和溶液(20ml)和盐水(20ml)洗,然后真空浓缩,残余物柱色谱法纯化得到单甲苯磺酸酯807。
F.环氧化物808
在室温下向甲苯磺酸酯807(187mg,0.21mmol)的甲醇(3.0ml)溶液中加入碳酸钾(10mg)。混合物搅拌20min,然后用水(60ml)稀释并用乙酸乙酯(2×20ml)提取。合并有机层用盐水洗并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到环氧化物808。
G.内酯809
向808(110mg,93mmol)的四氢呋喃-乙腈(10ml,2∶1)溶液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.0,3.5ml)和HgCl2(2.3g)。悬浮液在室温下搅拌40min,然后用乙醚(30ml)稀释,用盐水(2×30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩通过急骤层析法得到内半缩醛的α,β-端基异构体混合物。这个物质直接地用于下一步氧化:在氩气氛下,内半缩醛的二甲亚砜(3.0ml)溶液用乙酸酐(0.60ml)处理。在室温下2天后,混合物用醚(50ml)稀释,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(30ml)、盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩通过急骤层析法得到809。
H.醇810
在0℃下向809(90mg,79mmol)的CH2Cl2(3.0ml)溶液中加入水(0.15ml)和2,3-二氯5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(60mg,0.26mmol)。混合物在0℃搅拌5hr,用CH2Cl2(15ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥并通过硅胶柱过滤。在真空浓缩后810粗品可不需提纯用于下一步反应。
I.氨基甲酸酯811
在室温下向810(22mg,22mmol)的CH2Cl2(1.0ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰异氰酸酯(0.20ml,1.7mmol)。30min后,混合物用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释并加入一些中性的Al2O3(500mg)。混合物在室温下搅拌2hr,然后通过短硅胶柱过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到811。
J.环氧化物类似物812
811(15mg,14mmol)的四氢呋喃(1.0ml)溶液冷却到0℃并用1.0M四丁氟化铵的四氢呋喃溶液(0.14ml,0.14mmol)处理。反应混合物搅拌2hr,用水(20ml)稀释,混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取。合并有机相然后用盐水(10ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到801。
实施例59(图29)
A.醇903
用干燥苯共沸干燥鏻盐15(98.0mg,0.092mmol)并在使用前在真空下于50℃加热3hr。然后溶于四氢呋喃(0.7ml),在-78温度下加入双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钠(1.0M在四氢呋喃中,86ml,0.0855mmol),混合物搅拌20min然后再冷却到-78℃。加入醛902(60mmol)的四氢呋喃(300ml)溶液,并在-78℃搅拌混合物10min和在室温下2hr。反应用NH4Cl(1.0ml)饱和水溶液猝停。得到的混合物用醚(30ml)提取,醚层用水(30ml)和盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到烯烃。烯烃(44mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液冷却到-78℃,在5min滴加二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M在甲苯中,440ml,0.40mmol),得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌10min和在0℃搅拌30min。反应用Rochelle盐的饱和溶液猝停,并用乙醚(60ml)稀释,用Rochelle溶液和盐水(各30mL)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到醇903。
B.二烯905
903(0.012mmol)和Et3N(42ml,0.30mmol)的CH2Cl2(2.0ml)溶液冷却到0℃,加入SO3-吡啶络合物(40mg,0.251mmol)的二甲亚砜(0.6ml)溶液。混合物在0℃搅拌45min然后用乙酸乙酯(30ml)稀释,用NaHSO4水溶液(1.0M,30ml)和盐水(2×30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到醛。烯丙基二苯基膦904(0.19mmol)的四氢呋喃(1.0ml)溶液冷却到-78℃,加入叔丁基锂(1.7M在戊烷中,0.122mmol)。混合物在0℃下搅拌30min,再冷却到-78℃,用四异丙氧基钛处理(0.15mmol),30min后,通过套管引入冷(-78℃)的醛(0.26mmol)的四氢呋喃(1.0ml)溶液,混合物在-78℃下继续搅拌10min后维持在0℃水搅拌1h,加入碘代甲烷(0.32mmol),反应维持在0℃共30min,升到室温,避光,搅拌过夜反应混合物用醚(30ml)稀释,用1.0MNaHSO4水溶液和盐水(各30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到二烯905。
C.苷908
905(83mmol)的甲醇(2ml)溶液用对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(约4mg)处理并在40℃搅拌30min。混合物用乙醚(20ml)稀释并先后用NaHCO3饱和溶液(25ml)和盐水(10ml)洗,然后MgSO4.干燥,真空浓缩有机溶液,残余物通过硅胶柱得到醇。向糖基溴化物906(75mmol)的CH2Cl2(2.0ml)溶液中加入HgBr2(7mmol)和粉末分子筛(4,50mg)并在室温下搅拌60min。然后混合物冷却到0℃,加入如上制备的醇(74mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.7ml)的溶液。得到的混合物在0℃下搅拌6hr,然后升温到室温并用CH2Cl2(10ml)稀释通过硅藻土垫过滤。滤液用KI水溶液洗并MgSO4干燥。真空浓缩有机溶液,残余物通过硅胶柱得到苷908的端基异构混合物。
D.三醇901
在0℃温度下向908(79mmol)的CH2Cl2(3.0ml)溶液中加入水(0.15ml)和2,3-二氯5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(60mg,0.26mmol)。混合物在0℃搅拌5hr,用CH2Cl2(15ml)稀释,MgSO4干燥,通过硅胶柱过滤。真空浓缩后粗品醇不需提纯用于下一步。在室温下向醇(22mmol)的CH2Cl2(1.0ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰异氰酸酯(0.2ml,1.7mmol)。30min后混合物用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释,加入一些中性的Al2O3(500mg),混合物在室温下搅拌2hr,然后通过短硅胶柱过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到氨基甲酸酯。氨基甲酸酯(14mmol)的48%HF-乙腈(1∶9,1.0ml)溶液在室温下搅拌12hr,反应通过NaHCO3饱和溶液(5.0ml)猝停,混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取,合并有机相然后用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到901。
实施例60(图30)
A.烯烃1001
鏻盐(0.0917mmol)的THF(700ml)溶液冷却到-78℃并用NaHMDS(1.0M,在四氢呋喃中,85.5ml,0.0855mmol)处理,混合物在0℃搅拌20min再冷却到-78℃,加入醛C(0.0570mmol)的THF(300ml)溶液。在-78℃反应10min和在室温下反应2h后,混合物用NH4Cl饱和溶液(1.0ml)猝停并用醚(30ml)提取,醚溶液用水、盐水(各30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥过滤并浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到烯烃1001。
B.内酯1002
烯烃1001(0.00597mmol)的THF/CH3CN(2∶l,1.50ml)溶液用pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(500ml)和HgCl2(215mg)处理。悬浮液在室温下搅拌40min用醚(30ml)稀释,用NaCO3(30ml)、盐水(2×30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,吸移急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到无色油内半缩醛,其进一步用DMSO(1.0ml)和Ac2O(20ml)在室温处理2天,混合物用醚(30ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3(30ml)、盐水(30ml)洗、MgSO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到内酯1002。
C.模型化合物1003
烯烃1002(5.5mmol)的48%HF-CH3CN(1∶9,1.0ml)溶液在室温下搅拌12h,然后用NaHCO3饱和水溶液猝停。混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取,合并有机提取液用盐水(5.0ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过吸移管急骤层析法(梯度洗脱,1∶30到1∶6 MeOH/CHCl3)得到1003。
实施例61(图31和32)
I.合成羟基醛1004的通用方法
A.TBS醚1102a
把溴化物1101a(参见Jacquesy等人Tetrahedron 1981,37,747)(20mmol)的醚(40ml)溶液慢慢地加入到-78℃的叔丁基锂溶液(40,1.7M,在戊烷中)中。在-78℃1h后,冷的溶液在0℃下被转移到碘化铜(I)(10mmol)的醚溶液中。在0℃再经过30min后,加入苄基(S)-(+)-缩水甘油醚(9mmol)的乙醚(20ml)溶液,反应升温到室温,18-24h后,反应通过加入叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟乙酸酯(10mmol)猝停。反应混合物倾入碳酸氢钠的饱和溶液(100ml)中,分离水层并用醚(2×50ml)提取水层,合并的有机层用饱和盐水(50ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1102a。
B.醇1103a
向1102a(6mmol)的乙酸乙酯-乙醇(8∶1,90ml)溶液中加入钯碳(10%湿度,500mg)。混合物在氢气氛下搅拌3-6h,然后过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1103a。
C.醛1104a
在-78℃下把草酰氯(1.5mmol)滴加到二甲亚砜(3mmol)的二氯甲烷(4ml)溶液中,15min后,通过套管加入-78℃的1103a(1mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液,又15min后,加入二异丙基乙基胺(0.45mmol)并经1h使反应逐渐地升温到室温,用硫酸氢钠水溶液猝停反应。混合物用乙醚(50ml)稀释并用水(2×30ml)、饱和盐水(2×30ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1104a。
II.把1104转化为芳烃类似物1111的通用方法:
A.二烯1105
鏻盐15(参见Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,12011)(0.2mmol)溶于无水的四氢呋喃(2ml)并冷到0℃。加入双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钠溶液(0.2mmol,1.0M,在四氢呋喃中)并在0℃下搅拌反应混合物30min,冷却到-78℃后,加入醛1104(0.1mmol)的四氢呋喃(2ml)溶液并在-78℃搅拌10min和在室温下搅拌2h。加入氯化铵饱和水溶液(2ml),得到的混合物用醚(3×20ml)提取。醚层用水(2×25ml)和饱和盐水(25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1105。
B.羟基二烯1106
用二异丁基氢化铝(0.5ml,1.0M,在甲苯中)处理-78℃的1105(0.05mmol)的CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液。得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌10min和在0℃搅拌30min。用酒石酸钾钠饱和溶液(50ml)猝停反应,混合物用醚(60ml)稀释。分离有机层,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1106。
C.醛1107
把草酰氯(1.5mmol)滴加到-78℃的二甲亚砜(3mmol)的二氯甲烷(4ml)溶液中。15min后通过套管加入-78℃的1106(1mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液。又经过15min后,加入二异丙基乙基胺(4.5mmol),经过1h反应逐渐地升温到室温,用硫酸氢钠水溶液猝停反应。混合物用醚(50ml)稀释并用水(2×30ml)、饱和盐水(2×30ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1107。
D.四烯1108
二苯基烯丙基膦(0.08ml,0.38mmol)的四氢呋喃(2ml)溶液冷却到-78℃并加入叔丁基锂(0.14ml,1.7M,在戊烷中)。混合物升温到0℃保温30min。然后再冷却到-78℃并用钛(IV)异丙氧化物(0.30mmol)处理,30min后,醛1107(0.30mmol)以在四氢呋喃(2ml)的溶液中的形式加入。得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌15min和在0℃搅拌1h。加入碘甲烷(0.64mmol)并使反应升温到室温保温12h。反应混合物用醚(60ml)稀释,用硫酸氢钠水溶液(30ml,1.0M)、饱和盐水(30ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1108。
E.醇1109
在0℃下向1108(0.050mmol)的二氯甲烷(3ml)溶液中加入水(50ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(0.018mmol)。1h后反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,用饱和盐水(3×25ml)洗,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩。残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1109。
F.氨基甲酸酯1110
向1109(0.010mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(1.00mmol)。30min后,反应混合物用二氯甲烷(4ml)稀释并加入中性的氧化铝(1g)。得到的悬浮液再搅拌4h。反应混合物过滤并浓缩,滤液通过硅胶色谱得到1110。
G.芳烃类似物1111
室温搅拌1110(0.010mmol)的48%氢氟酸-乙腈(1∶9,2ml)溶液。12h后,加入碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液(25ml),混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×20ml)提取。合并的有机层硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物通过急骤层析法纯化得到1111。
实施例62
醛67的合成
烯酮(64)。向-78℃的醛27(1.94g,6.13mmol通常根据Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,12011中所述从市售的(S)-(+)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯制备的)的CH2Cl2(50ml)溶液中,加入-78℃的TiCl4(0.68ml,6.18mmol)的CH2Cl2(6ml)溶液(在3min时间滴加)。得到的溶液在-78℃再搅拌3min。在2min滴加4-甲基-2-三甲基硅氧基-1,3-戊二烯(1.89g,11.1mmol,参见Paterson,Tetrahedron Lett.1979,1519),反应混合物在-78℃再搅拌2h。加入由pH 8的磷酸盐缓冲液(100ml)和碳酸氢盐饱和水溶液(50ml)组成的溶液并使两相溶液升温到室温,用水(100ml)稀释并用CH2Cl2(2×100)提取。合并的提取液用饱和盐水(75ml)洗,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,残留的油用CH2Cl2/正己烷(1∶1,30ml)稀释,冷却到0℃并用三氯乙酸(1.54g,9.42mmol)处理,5h后,反应混合物用正己烷(75ml)稀释,用水(2×50ml)、pH8的磷酸盐缓冲液(50ml)和饱和盐水(50ml)稀释并干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法(正己烷/CH2Cl2/乙酸乙酯,12∶4∶1)得到64(1.21g,56%)为无色的油:
[α]D 23-10.6°0.88,CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.09(m,1H),4.78(ddd,J=10.0,6.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.65(t,J=2.8Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=15.8,4.3Hz,1H),2.66(dd,J=15.8,6.7Hz,1H),2.62(qd,J=7.6,3.2Hz,1H),2.13(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),2.07(dqd,J=10.0,6.8,2.4Hz,1H),1.87(d,J=1.2Hz,3H)1.25(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d196.9,173.6,156.8,124.1,77.8,74.3,47.0,43.9,33.6,27.7,25.7,20.9,18.0,16.1,13.8,-4.5,-4.7。
醇(65)。烯酮64(109mg,0.307mmol)的甲苯(8ml)溶液冷却到-95℃并用K-Selectride(1.0M,在四氢呋喃中,0.35ml)处理。2h后加入冰醋酸(0.015ml),得到的溶液升温到室温并用pH 7的磷酸盐缓冲液(10ml)和30%过氧化氢水溶液(0.5ml)处理。2h后水层用CH2Cl2(4×20ml)提取,合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。通过急骤层析法(15%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到65(70mg,64%)为无色油:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 5.21(表观的dt,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),4.75(brt,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.60(td,J=9.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=3.0Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.5,3.4Hz,1H),1.90(dqd,9.7,6.8,2.6Hz,1H),1.83(ddd,J=14.5,9.9,2.4Hz,1H),1.71(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.70(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.65(br s,1H),1.60(ddd,J=14.5,10.1,2.9Hz,1H),1.26(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 174.0,134.8,127.7,77.8,74.2,64.1,43.7,41.5,34.6,25.7,25.6,18.2,17.9,16.0,13.7,-4.6,-4.8。
甲硅烷基醚(66):醇65(493mg,1.38mmol)和咪唑(306mg,4.49mmol)的DMF(6ml)溶液冷却到0℃并用叔丁基二甲基氯化硅(386mg,2.56mmol)处理。得到的溶液在室温搅拌12h,用醚(75ml)稀释,用水(2×15ml)和饱和盐水(15ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到66(615mg,95%)为无色的油:1HNMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 5.11(表观的dt,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),4.71(ddd,10.4,8.7,2.2Hz,1H),5.55(td,J=10.4,1.7Hz,1H),3.65(t,J=2.7Hz,1H),2.63(qd,J=7.6,3.0Hz,1H),1.83(dqd,10.0,6.8,2.5Hz,1H),1.74(ddd,J=14.2,10.5,1.8Hz,1H),1.68(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.65(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.44(ddd,J=14.2,10.6,2.3Hz,1H)1.26(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);
醛(67):烯烃66(615mg,1.30mmol)的CH2Cl2(20ml)溶液冷却到-78℃并用臭氧和氧气流处理直到无色溶液变成钢青色,反应混合物用空气流清洗10min,然后小心的加入三苯膦(375mg,1.42mmol)。除去冷却浴在室温搅拌1h,浓缩并色谱分离(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到67(486mg,84%)为无色油在0℃放置固化。1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.67(br s,1H),4.52(td,J=10.5,2.1Hz,1H),4.46(dd,J=10.5,3.5Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=2.3Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.6,2.6Hz,1H),1.95-1.84(m,3H),1.77(ddd,J=14.1,10.5,2.1Hz,1H),1.27(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.13(s,3H),0.11(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d203.2,173.1,76.0,74.7,73.7,44.2,36.2,34.1,25.72,25.66,18.1,17.9,16.5,14.0,-4.55,-4.63,-4.9,-5.2.
实施例63
采用超高压力合成鏻盐(49)
在0℃,剧烈搅拌下把碘(132mg,0.52mmol)一次加入到(根据Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,12011)所述从市售的(S)-(+)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯制备的)醇40(122mg,0.176mmol)、PPh3(172mg,0.656mmol)和咪唑(42mg,0.62mmol)的苯/乙醚(1∶2,1.5ml)溶液。得到的溶液在0℃搅拌1h和在室温搅拌1h。混合物用醚(10ml)稀释,用焦亚硫酸钠饱和水溶液(5ml)和盐水(10ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到无色油(147mg,100%收率),该物质与二异丙基乙基胺(0.016ml,0.091mmol)、三苯膦(152mg,0.58mmol)和苯/甲苯(7∶3,1.0ml)在塑料注射器中混合并经受12.8Kbar.的压力。6天后,浓缩反应混合物并色谱纯化(10%MeCN/CHCl3)得到49[138mg,74%收率(自40)]为浅黄泡沫:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3;浓度依赖性)d 7.82-7.76(m,15H),7.35(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.35(s,1H),5.30(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.73-3.67(m,2H),3.56(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=9.8,1.7Hz,1H),3.46(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.31(ddd,J=15.6,11.2,11.2Hz,1H),2.49(ddq,J=10.5,6.4,6.4Hz,1H),2.25(表观的t,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.10-1.92(m,3H),1.85(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.8Hz,1H),1.57-1.52(m,1H),1.56(s,3H),0.98(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.852(s,9H),0.849(s,9H),0.72-0.71(m,3H),0.71(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.10(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H),-0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.8,135.2(d,JCP=2.6Hz),133.5(d,JCP=10.0Hz),132.9,131.4,130.6(d,JCP=12.6Hz),130.3,127.3,118.4(d,JCP=85.5Hz),113.4,101.0,83.2,80.1(d,JCP=14.0Hz),78.3,73.2,55.3,38.1,37.4,36.0,33.7(d,JCP=4.4Hz),33.6,30.7,26.1,25.5(d,JCP=49.7Hz),22.9,18.33,18.29,17.2,17.1,12.5,12.1,10.9,-3.2,-3.6,-3.7,-4.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z937.5708[(M-I)+;计算值C57H86O5PSi2:937.5751]。
实施例64
二烯的合成(76)
鏻盐49(166mg,0.156mmol)在真空(0.1torr)下加热到50℃18h,溶于0.8ml甲苯并冷却到0℃。得到的溶液用双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钾(0.5M在甲苯中,0.32ml)处理,在0℃搅拌20min和在室温20min,再冷却到-78℃,通过套管把反应混合物转移到醛67(58mg,0.13mmol)的甲苯(0.3ml+2×0.2ml漂洗)中。得到的溶液在1h慢慢地升温到-20℃。加入pH 7的磷酸盐缓冲液,两相溶液升温到室温并用CH2Cl2(4×20ml)提取。合并的有机物干燥(MgSO4),浓缩并色谱(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)纯化得到76(83mg,57%)为无色油,放置后固化:
[α]D 23+32.1°0.68,CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.97(br d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.87(br d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.34(s,1H),5.29(dd,J=11.1,7.8Hz,1H),5.19(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.78(br t,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.52(br t,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.10(dd,J=11.1,4.6Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.64(m,2H),3.54-3.46(m,2H),3.25(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.65-2.57(m,2H),2.51(m,1H),2.31(t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.06(m,1H),1.96(m,1H),1.90(dqd,J=7.1,7.0,1.5Hz,1H),1.78(ddd,J=10.3,6.6,2.1Hz,1H),1.72(ddd,J=14.0,11.0,1.5Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=11.6Hz,1H),1.56(m,1H),1.55(s,3H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.02(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.91(s,9H),0.90(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.87(s,9H),0.75(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.073(s,3H),0.071(s,3H),0.06(s,6H),0.05(s,6H),0.01(s,3H),0.00(s,3H),13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.2,159.8,133.6,132.4,131.9,131.5,131.4,127.3,113.4,101.0,83.4,80.4,78.4,76.9,74.9,73.3,64.7,55.2,44.1,42.7,38.0,37.4,35.2,34.2,34.0,30.8,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.2,18.43,18.39,18.1,17.9,17.1,16.4,16.2,14.0,12.8,12.1,10.8,-2.9,-3.5,-3.8,-4.37,-4.41,-4.5,-4.87,-4.88.从正己烷重结晶得到细结晶:mp 117-119℃。
实施例65
醛(77)的合成
缩醛76(20mg,0.018mmol)的CH2Cl2(2ml)溶液冷却到-78℃并在5min加入二异丁基氢化铝(1.0M在甲苯中,0.18ml,0.18mmol),在-78℃下经过又10min和在0℃下30min后,反应用酒石酸钠钾饱和水溶液(0.5ml)猝停。混合物用乙醚(20ml)稀释,用酒石酸钠钾饱和水溶液和盐水(各10ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过急骤层析法(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到羟基内半缩醛的差向异构混合物(14.7mg,74%收率)为无色油。内半缩醛混合物(14.7mg,0.0133mmol)的CH2Cl2(2ml)溶液冷却到0℃并用重铬酸吡啶鎓(26mg,0.069mmol)处理。反应混合物在室温搅拌12h,用乙酸乙酯(10ml)稀释,过滤(硅藻土)并浓缩,通过急骤层析法(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到77(12.4mg,62%收率(自76))为无色油:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.80(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.22(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.30(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=10.9,10.1Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.79(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.52(br t,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.47(s,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.62(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.59(m,2H),3.26(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.75(m,1H),2.62(m,2H),2.50(m,1H),2.24(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.99-1.88(m,2H),1.83-1.65(m,3H),1.59(s,3H),1.58(m,1H),1.21(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.13(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.94(s,9H),0.91(s,9H),0.89(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.87(s,9H),0.75(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,6H),0.05(s,6H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 204.5,173.2,159.3,133.5,132.5,132.3,130.8,130.3,129.1,113.8,82.6,80.4,76.9,74.9,74.4,64.6,55.3,49.5,44.1,42.7,40.3,37.4,36.8,35.2,35.0,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.1,18.5,18.4,18.1,17.9,17.1,16.4,16.2,14.1,13.4,12.2,11.4,-3.0,-3.3,-3.4,-4.3,-4.4,-4.5,-4.9。
实施例66
四烯(58)的合成
方法A.烯炳基二苯基膦(0.0035ml,0.0162mmol)的无水四氢呋喃溶液冷却到-78℃加入叔丁基锂(1.7M在戊烷中,0.010ml,0.017mmol)。混合物在0℃搅拌30min再冷却到-78℃并处理Ti(O-iPr)4(0.005ml,0.017mmol)。30min后,通过套管引入冷的(-78℃)醛77(3.5mg,0.0032mmol)的THF(0.25ml+0.25ml漂洗)溶液,混合物在-78℃再搅拌10min和在0℃搅拌30min。然后加入碘甲烷(0.0025ml,0.04mmol),升温到室温并搅拌过夜。反应混合物用乙醚(10ml)稀释,用1.0M NaHSO4水溶液和盐水(各5ml)洗,MgSO4干燥过滤并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到1.2∶1的Z/E异构体(2.1mg,58%)为油。在10%硝酸银-硅胶上进行吸移管急骤层析法(5%乙醚/正己烷)得到Z-烯烃58为无色油:
1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.25(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.57(dddd,J=16.8,11.0,11.0,0.7Hz,1H),6.00(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.55(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.26(dd,J=11.2,7.8Hz,1H),5.20-5.16(m,2H),5.09(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.67(表观的t,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.49(ABq,JAB=10.6Hz,ΔγAB=41.3Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.68(表观的t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.52(表观的t,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=4.8,3.9Hz,1H),3.24-3.21(m,2H),3.01-2.94(m,1H),2.67(dq,J=12.8,7.4Hz,1H),2.61(dq,J=12.8,7.5Hz,1H),2.71-2.57(m,1H),2.46-2.39(m,1H),2.00(表观的t,J=12.4Hz 1H),1.83-1.73(m,3H),1.64(br d,J=14.0Hz,1H),1.62-1.52(m,2H),1.55(d,J=0.5Hz,3H),1.36(ddd,J=13.7,10.8,1.5Hz,1H),1.26(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.25(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.08(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.93(s,9H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.89-0.86(m,3H),0.86(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.70(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.08(s,6H),0.05(s,3H),0.02(s,3H),0.013(s,3H),0.010(s,6H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,134.5,134.3,132.2,131.9,131.8,131.2,129.13,129.07,117.6,113.7,84.6,80.9,80.5,76.5,75.0,74.2,65.5,55.3,42.5,41.9,40.2,37.2,36.1,35.4,35.3,34.5,29.7,26.3,26.0,25.9,25.1,23.1,18.7,18.6,18.5,18.14,18.09,17.0,16.8,15.6,14.8,14.4,11.6,10.6,-2.8,-3.2,-3.3,-3.6,-4.2,-4.5,-4.90,-4.93;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1195.8001[(M+Na)+;计算值C66H124O7SSi4Na:1195.8042]。
方法B.剧烈搅拌的氯化铬(III)(7.8mg,0.048mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(0.6ml)溶液冷却到0℃并用氢化铝锂(1.0M在乙醚中,0.022ml,0.022mmol)处理。得到的溶液在室温下搅拌20min并再冷却到0℃。加入醛77(3.9mg,0.035mmol)的四氢呋喃(0.4ml)溶液。10min后加入3-溴-1-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙烯和3-溴-3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙烯(3∶1,0.002ml,0.01mmol,参见Hodgson等人Tetrahedron Lett.1992,33,4761)。反应混合物在室温搅拌12h然后用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)稀释,用水、碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液和盐水洗,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到2.8∶1的羟基硅烷混合物(3.8mg,89%)。混合物溶于THF(0.6ml)冷却到0℃并用双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钾(0.5M在甲苯中,0.068ml,0.34mmol)处理。15min后加入三氯乙酸(5mg,0.03mmol)并用正己烷稀释反应混合物,用水和盐水洗,合并的水洗液用正己烷进一步提取,合并的有机层MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到(2.6mg,65%2步收率)的四烯58为无色油。
方法C.鏻盐75(120mg,0.11mmol)在真空(0.1torr)下加热到50℃18h,溶于0.4ml无水甲苯中,得到的溶液冷却到0℃并用双三甲基甲硅烷基氨基钾(0.5M在甲苯中,0.23ml,0.115mmol)处理。得到的溶液在0℃搅拌20min和在室温20min后冷到-78℃。加入醛67(46mg,0.10mmol)的甲苯(0.4ml)溶液,反应混合物在2.5h升温到的0℃。反应在正己烷(10ml)和pH 7的磷酸盐缓冲液(10ml)分配。水层用CH2Cl2(4×15ml)提取,合并的有机层MgS04干燥并浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到四烯58(49mg,42%收率)。
实施例67
醇(71)的合成
(+)-39(106mg,0.13mmol,Smith等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117,12011中所述从市售的(s)-(+)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯制备)的CH2Cl2溶液冷却到0℃并用纯二异丁基氢化铝(0.15ml,0.84mmol)处理。1h后,加入酒石酸钠钾饱和水溶液(10ml,滴加直到氢的放出停止),得到的两相混合物在室温搅拌4h。水层用CH2Cl2(3×10ml)提取,合并的有机层MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩。通过急骤层析法(15%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到醇71(88mg,83%)为无色油:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.26-7.20(m,4H),6.87-6.82(m,4H),5.03(br d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.50(ABq,J=10.5Hz,Dv=12.1Hz,2H),4.37(ABq,J=11.6Hz,Dv=14.2Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.74(m,1H),3.57(五重峰,J10.5Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=5.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.47(dd,J=9.1,4.9Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=6.0,4.6Hz,1H),3.35(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.20(t,dd,J=8.9,8.6Hz,1H),2.68(br t,J=5.5Hz,1H),2.51(m,1H),2.22(br t,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.00-1.84(m,4H),1.74(br d,J=12.5Hz,1H),1.58(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.02(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.88(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.02(s,3H),0.1(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.4,159.0,131.64,131.60,131.0,130.4,129.3,129.0,113.9,113.7,86.2,78.4,77.5,75.2 72.7,72.6,65.4,55.3,39.9,38.7,37.5,36.7,35.7,35.2,26.2,26.1,23.1,18.5,18.4,17.0,15.7,14.6,13.7,11.4,-3.3,-3.4,-3.9。
实施例68
醛(72)的合成
用三氧化硫-吡啶(55mg,0.34mmol)处理醇71(88mg,0.108mmol)和三乙胺(0.075ml,0.54mmol)的CH2Cl2(2ml)和二甲亚砜(1ml)溶液。90min后混合物用乙醚(30ml)稀释,用水(10ml)、NaHSO4水溶液(0.1M,10ml)和盐水(10ml)洗,MgSO4干燥过滤并浓缩,通过急骤层析法(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到72(84mg,96%收率)为无色油:1H NMR500MHZ,CDCl3)d 9.79(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24-7.18(m,4H),6.87-6.82(m,4H),5.03(br d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.46(ABq,J=10.8Hz,DV=7.1Hz,2H),4.37(ABq,J=11.6Hz,DV=14.0Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.57(m,2H),3.47(dd,J=9.1,5.0Hz,1H),3.39(dd,J=5.9,4.7Hz,1H),3.21(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.51(m,1H),2.25(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.99-1.86(m,3H),1.70(br d,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.58(s,3H),1.12(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.03(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.88(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.74(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H);0.02(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 204.5,159.3,159.0,131.7,131.5,131.0,130.3,129.1,129.0,113.8,113.7,82.6,78.4,77.2,74.4,72.7,72.5,55.25,55.24,49.5,40.3,38.7,36.7,35.7,35.0,26.2,26.1,23.1,18.5,18.4,17.0,14.6,13.4,12.2,11.4,-3.3,-34.,-3.89,-3.91。
实施例69
三烯(73)的合成:
氢化铝锂溶液(1.0M在乙醚中,0.022ml,0.022mmol)在剧烈搅拌下滴加到氯化铬(III)(40mg,0.25mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(2ml)溶液中,得到的溶液在室温下搅拌45min,再冷却到0℃,通过套管加入醛72(50mg,0.061mmol)的THF(3ml)溶液。10min后加入3-溴-1-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙烯和3-溴-3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙烯的混合物(3∶1,0.025ml,0.13mmol)。反应混合物在0℃搅拌再30min和在室温12h。加入甲醇(1ml)和氢氧化钾水溶液(6M,2ml),得到的溶液在室温搅拌1h。水层用正己烷(3×15ml)提取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。通过急骤层析法得到三烯73(47mg,92%)为单一几何异构体。1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.27-7.20(m,4H),6.87-6.82(m,4H),6.57(dt,J=16.8,10.4Hz,1H),6.00(t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.55(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.18(dd,J=16.8,1.6Hz,1H),5.09(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.96(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.50(ABq,J=10.6Hz,Dv=43.6Hz,2H),4.36(ABq,J=11.6Hz,Dv=16.9Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.44(m,2H),3.36(dd,J=6.4,4.4Hz,1H),3.24(dd,J=7.4,3.7Hz,1H),3.19(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.98(m,1H),2.44(m,1H),2.03(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.95(m,1H),1.84-1.72(m,2H),1.65(br d,J=11.4Hz,1H),1.52(s,3H),1.09(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.93(s,9H),0.91(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.70(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.01(s,6H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 159.1,159.0,134.5,132.2,131.8,131.2,131.1,129.1,129.0,117.6,113.7,84.6,78.4,77.2,75.0,72.7,72.5,55.3,40.1,38.9,36.1,35.5,35.4,26.3,26.1,23.0,18.7,18.6,18.4,17.2,14.7,14.4,10.6,-3.2,-3.3,-3.89,-3.92。
实施例70
醇(74)的合成
方法A:双醚73溶于CH2Cl2和水的混合物(19∶1)并冷却到0℃,加入2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(1eq),得到的溶液在0℃搅拌2h。反应混合物用正己烷稀释并用氢氧化钠水溶液洗,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,通过急骤层析法得到74。
方法B:73和乙硫醇的CH2Cl2溶液冷却到-78℃并用Lewis酸处理(例如溴化镁、三氟化硼乙醚、氯化锡(IV)、氯化钛(IV)等)。得到的溶液慢慢地升温直到跟着发生反应。用氢氧化钠水溶液猝停反应,用水和盐水洗,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,通过色谱得到74:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 7.27(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.60(dt,J=16.8,10.5Hz,1H),6.04(t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.57(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.55(dd,J=16.8,1.8Hz,1H),5.12(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),4.97(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.51(AB四重峰,J=10.6Hz,Dv=47.6Hz,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.66(dt,J=10.9,4.3Hz,1H),3.50(m,1H),3.44(dd,J=4.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.39(dd,6.9,3.8Hz,1H),3.25(dd,J=7.4,3.7Hz,1H),3.00(m,1H),2.54(m,1H),2.31(br t,J=5.5Hz,OH),2.05(t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.85-1.73(m,3H),1.67(br d,J=13.4Hz,1H),1,56(s,3H),1.11(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.95(s,9H),0.92(s,9H),0.91(d,=6.6Hz,3H),0.72(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.10(s,9H),0.07(s,3H)。
实施例71
鏻盐(75)的合成
在0℃在剧烈搅拌下把碘(127mg,0.50mmol)一次加入到醇74(120mg,0.167mmol)、三苯膦(156mg,0.595mmol)和咪唑(40mg,0.59mmol)的苯/乙醚(1∶1)溶液中。得到的溶液在-13℃下搅拌30min和在室温30min,用30ml正己烷稀释,用水(2×10ml)、焦亚硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)、碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液(10ml)和饱和盐水(10ml)洗,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,通过急骤层析法(2%乙醚/正己烷)得到无色油。油与二异丙基乙基胺(0.015ml,0.086mmol)、三苯膦(199mg,0.758mmol)和苯/甲苯(7∶3,1.0ml)在塑料注射器中混合并经受12.8Kbar.的压力。16天后,浓缩反应混合物并色谱(10%乙腈/氯仿)纯化得到鏻盐75(126mg,两步收率76%)为浅黄色薄膜:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 8.84-7.65(m,15H),7.27(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87(br d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.54(dt,J=16.8,10.5Hz,1H),5,89(t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.51(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.21(d,J=16.8,1H),5.08(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.51(ABq,J=10.4Hz,Dv=55.6Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.76-3.68(m,2H),3.42(dd,J=5.4,3.1Hz,1H),3.25-3.17(m,2H),2.97(m,1H),2.41(m,1H),2.06(m,1H),1.95(t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.77-1.72(m,2H),1.58(br d,J=11.9Hz,1H),1.53(s,3H)11.10(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.91(s,9H),0.89(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.86(s,9H),0.69(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.66(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),-0.05(s,3H)。
实施例72
醇(+)-59的合成
在0℃,PMB醚(+)-58(4.0mg,3.55mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)溶液用H2O(50ml)和DDQ(3.0mg,13.2mmol)处理。混合物搅拌1h然后用乙酸乙酯(30ml)稀释,用盐水(3×30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过吸移管急骤层析法(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到59(3.4mg,95%收率)为无色油:1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.61(ddd,J=16.8,10.9,10.9Hz,1H),6.13(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.32(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.28(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.24-5.21(m,1H),5.19(表观的t,J=10.3Hz,1H),5.14(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.50(表观的t,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.60(dd,J=5.5,3.4Hz,1H),3.32(br d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.24(表观的t,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.79(ddq,J=9.9,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.57(m,1H),2.50-2.45(m,1H),2.16(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.90-1.77(m,3H),1.75-1.69(m,2H),1.57(s,3H),1.60-1.50(m,1H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.95-0.93(m,6H),0.91(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.89-0.84(m,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(表观的s,6H),0.052(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.04(表观的s,6H),0.03(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d173.3,134.7,133.5,132.5,132.1,132.0,131.5,131.0,118.4,80.5,78.8,76.4,74.9,64.7,44.1,42.7,38.0,37.4,36.3,36.1,35.2,35.1,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.2,18.5,18.1,18.0,17.3,17.2,16.4,16.1,14.1,13.7,9.4,-3.0,-3.3,-3.6,-4.34,-4.36,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1029.7273[(M+Na)+;计算值C56H110O7Si4Na:1029.7226]。
实施例73
氨基甲酸酯(+)-60的合成
醇59(2.2mg,2.19mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)溶液用三氯乙酸异氰酸酯(20ml,0.17mmol)在室温下处理30min。然后加入CH2Cl2(2.0ml)和中性氧化铝(500mg),混合物在室温下搅拌2h,通过短的二氧化硅插栓并浓缩。通过吸移管急骤层析法(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)得到60(1.9mg,83%收率)为无色油:IR(膜,NaCl)3510(m),3360(m,br),3180(m),2960(s),2930(s),2880(s),2855(s),1730(s,br),1596(m),1460(s),1385(s),1362(s),1325(m),1255(s),1220(m),1100(s),1043(s),983(m),937(m),904(m),832(s),770(s),663(m)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.58(dddd,J=16.8,10.6,10.6,0.7Hz,1H),6.01(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.36(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.27(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.22-5.16(m,2H),5.12(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.71(表观的t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=10.5,10.5,1.3Hz,1H),4.44(br s,2H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.42(表观的t,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.22(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.6,6.6Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.55(m,1H),2.48-2.41(m,1H),2.09(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.93-1.88(m,1H),1.87-1.77(m,2H),1.71(ddd,J=14.1,10.8,1.6Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=13.7Hz,1H),1.56(表观的s,3H),1.55-1.50(m,1H),1.21(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.918(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.915(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.853(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.847(s,9H),0.70(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.053(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.040(s,3H),0.037(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.3,156.9,133.6,133.5,132.4,132.1,131.9,131.4,129.8,118.0,80.5,78.9,74.9,64.6,44.2,42.7,37.8,37.4,36.0,35.3,35.2,34.5,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.0,18.5,18.4,18.1,18.0,17.5,17.1,16.44,16.38,14.1,13.7,10.1,-3.0,-3.4,-3.6,-4.4,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1072.7264[(M+Na)+;计算值C57H111NO8Si4Na:1072.7283]。
实施例74
(+)-迪莫利德的合成
在室温下四甲硅烷基衍生物(+)-60(5.8mg,5.5mmol)溶于48%HF-CH3CN(1∶9,1.0ml),2h后,反应混合物用NaHCO3饱和水溶液猝停(5ml)并用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)提取。合并的提取液用盐水(5ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,通过吸移管急骤层析法(梯度洗脱;1∶30->1∶6 MeOH/CHCl3)得到(+)-1(2.0mg,60%收率)为白色无定形固体:[α]D 23+15°0.033,MeOH);IR(CHCl3)3690(w),3620(w),3540(w),3430(w),3020(s),2975(m),2935(m),1740(m),1590(w),1540(w),1520(w),1467(w),1430(w),1385(m),1330(w),1233(s),1210(s),1100(w),1045(m),1033(m),975(w),930(m),910(w),793(m),777(m),765(m),750(m),705(m),687(m),670(m),660(m),625(w)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)d 6.60(dddd,J=16.8,8.4,8.4,0.8Hz,1H),6.02(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.51(dd,J=11.2,7.9Hz,1H),5.42(ddd,J=10.6,10.6,0.6Hz,1H),5.34(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=16.9,1.9Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.77-4.69(m,1H),4.70(dd,J=7.3,4.2Hz,1H),4.60(ddd,J=10.0,10.0,2.4Hz,1H),4.56(br s,2H),3.73(m,1H),3.28(m,1H),3.18(dd,J=6.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.9,6.9Hz,1H),2.78(ddq,J=9.8,6.8,6.8Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.3,4.6Hz,1H),2.60-2.55(m,1H),2.10-1.80(m,10H),1.69(ddd,J=14.4,10.3,3.1Hz,1H),1.64(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.30(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.6,157.0,134.4,133.7,133.4,132.9,132.2,129.9,129.8,117.9,79.1,78.9,77.1,75.7,73.2,64.4,43.1,41.0,37.4,36.1,36.0,35.8,35.3,34.8,33.1,23.3,18.4,17.4,15.6,15.5,13.7,12.5,9.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z616.3840[(M+Na)+;计算值C33H55NO8Na:616.3826]。
实施例75
I.用于合成硅氧基醛(85)的通用方法
A.将类型为80-83的有机锂(M=Li,图41))(20mmol)在醚(40ml)中的溶液慢慢加入到0℃的苄基(S)-(+)-缩水甘油醚(9mmol)在醚(20ml)的溶液中,反应升温到室温,18-24h后,反应混合物通过加入叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟乙酸酯(10mmol)被猝停,并倾入到饱和碳酸氢钠的水溶液中(100ml),分离水层,用醚提取(2×50ml),合并的有机物用饱和盐水洗涤(50ml),硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到α-硅氧基苄基醚。
B.向上面苄基醚(6mmol)在乙酸乙酯-乙醇(8∶1,90ml)中的溶液中加入钯碳(10%湿度,500mg)。混合物在氢气氛下搅拌3-6h,然后过滤,真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到醇。
C.醛85
将草酰氯(1.5mmol)滴加到-78℃的二甲基亚砜(3mmol)在二氯甲烷(4ml)中的溶液中,15min后,通过套管加入-78℃的B部分制备的醇(1mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的溶液,15min后,加入二异丙基乙胺(4.5mmol),反应在1h内逐渐升温到室温,用硫酸氢钠水溶液猝停,混合物用醚稀释(50ml),用水(2×30ml)和饱和盐水(2×30ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到85。
II.(85)转变成四烯(86)的通用方法
D.将鏻盐75(0.2mmol)溶解在无水四氢呋喃(2ml)中,并冷却到0℃,加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾(0..2mmol,0.5M的四氢呋喃溶液),混合物在0℃搅拌30min,冷却到-78℃后,加入醛85(0.1mmol)在四氢呋喃(2ml)中的溶液,混合物在-78℃搅拌10min,在室温搅拌2h,加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(2ml),得到的混合物用醚提取(3×20ml),醚层用水洗涤(2×25ml),饱和盐水洗涤(25ml),硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到四烯。
E.在0℃,向D部分制备的四烯(0.050mmol)在二氯甲烷(3ml)的溶液中加入水(0.050ml)和2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(0.018mmol),1h后,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤(3×25ml),硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到醇。
F.向E部分制备的醇(0.010mmol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液中加入三氯乙酰基异氰酸酯(1.00mmol),30min后,反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释(4ml),加入中性氧化铝(1g),得到的悬浮液再搅拌4h,反应混合物过滤,浓缩滤液再硅胶上进行色谱层析,得到氨基甲酸酯。
G.类似物86
室温搅拌F部分制备的氨基甲酸酯(0.010mmol)再48%氢氟酸-乙腈(1∶9,2ml)中的溶液,12h后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25ml),混合物用乙酸乙酯提取(3×20ml)。合并的有机物用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到86。
羟醛(-)-5:PMB保护:
室温下,在1h内将对甲氧基苄基醇(200g,1.45mol)加入到NaH(60%的矿物油,5.82g,0.146mol)在无水醚(450ml)的溶液中。混合物再搅拌1h,并冷却到0℃。然后在80min内加入三氯乙腈(158ml,1.58mol),1.5h后,溶液用水温保持在40℃以下的水浴浓缩,残余物用戊烷(1.5l)和MeOH(5.6ml)的混合物处理,室温搅拌30min,通过短硅藻土柱过滤,浓缩,得到三氯亚胺酯(370.9g),为黄色油,其无需进一步纯化而可直接使用。
使Roush酯(+)-6(129.0g,1.09mol)在CH2Cl2/环己烷(1∶2,1.5ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在0.5h内用三氯亚胺酯粗品(370.9g)和PPTS(13.69g,55.0mmol)处理,3h后。混合物升温到室温,搅拌40h,浓缩,通过短二氧化硅插栓(5×6″烧结玻璃漏斗;20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到相应的PMB醚(234.2g),为淡黄色油,将该油分成两份用于下面的反应。
还原:使上面的PMB醚(116.1g)在无水THF(800ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在1h内,通过套管加入到LiAlH4(0.67M的THF溶液,800ml,0.536mol),慢慢升温到室温,搅拌1h,反应混合物冷却到0℃,通过滴加H2O(20ml)、5%NaOH(20ml)和H2O(60ml)猝停反应,得到的混合物用MgSO4(10g)处理,过滤(100ml Et2O漂洗),浓缩,得到红色的油(91.0g),余下的118.1g使用相同方案进行处理,得到另外的94g,共得到185g相应的醇(+)-8,将其分成三份,用于下面的反应。
Swern:使DMSO(72.1ml,1.02mol)在CH2Cl2(1.5L)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,在30min内加入草酰氯(44.3ml,0.51mmol)(内温<-65℃)。滴加后过30min,在30min内,通过套管使上面醇(71.2g,0.338mol)在CH2Cl2(100ml)中的溶液沿烧瓶壁滴加(20ml漂洗),得到的混合物进一步在-78℃搅拌45min,然后在45min内加入i-Pr2NEt(345ml,2.03mol),混合物进一步在-78℃搅拌45min,然后通过除去外冷却浴使温度升温到0℃(内温),通过向剧烈搅拌的NaHSO4水溶液(1.0M,2.0l)加入反应物使反应猝停,分层,水层提取(3×Et2O)。合并的有机层浓缩(30℃水浴),用醚稀释(1000ml),用NaHSO4(3X)、水(1X)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(1X)和盐水(1X)洗涤,合并的有机层用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,残余物用急骤色谱层析纯化,得到相应的醛(70.5g,约100%)为无色油。
Evans醇醛反应:使噁唑烷酮61(90.7g,389mmol)在脱气的CH2Cl2(972ml,4 MS干燥,氩气吹洗)中的溶液冷去到-55℃(内温)。在0.5h内加入n-Bu2BOTf(1.0M的CH2Cl2溶液,403ml),然后在20min内加入NEt3(61.3ml,440mmol),混合物升温到0℃(内温),搅拌10min,然后冷却到-70℃,然后,在1h内,通过套管使上面醛(70.5g,0.338mmol)在CH2Cl2(200ml)中的溶液沿着烧瓶壁被加入(20ml漂洗)。在-78℃滴加1h后,反应物升温到-8℃,搅拌1h,然后用pH 7的磷酸钾一碱性氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M,220ml)猝停,向剧烈搅拌的反应混合物中加入30%H2O2在MeOH(1∶2,700ml)中的溶液,加入速率应保持内温<8℃(60min,-10℃冷浴)。室温搅拌反应物,浓缩到约1000ml,残余物溶于1500ml的10∶1的Et2O/CH2Cl2中,分层,水层提取(3×10∶1Et2O/CH2Cl2),合并的有机物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液1000ml)、水(1000ml)和饱和盐水(2×500ml)洗涤,有机层用硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩,过滤,浓缩到约400ml(3×,使用2000ml rb),过滤所得白色固体,过夜干燥,得到分析纯62(83.8g,56%),合并的母液浓缩,从Et2O重结晶,得到另外的10.0g 62(7.0%,总收率63%)。余下的120g的母体纯通过上面两步骤处理,得到另外的155.4g的62,共有249.2g(152%四步收率)。从醚-正己烷的重结晶生长出X射线质量的结晶:mp 111.5-113.0℃;[α]23,D+34.3°;IR(CHCl3)3600-3400(br),1780,1705cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42-7.33(m,3H),7.28-7.21(m,4H),6.85(m,2H),5.59(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.72(五重峰,J=6.6Hz,1H),4.43(s,2H),3.92(qd,J=6.8,3.4Hz,1H),3.88(dd,J=8.2,3.4Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.69(br s,OH),3.55(m,2H),1.95(m,1H),1.20(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(d,J=6.6Hz,3H);13NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ175.9,159.3,152.8,133.3,129.8,129.4,128.77,128.7,125.6,113.8,78.9,75.6,74.7,73.2,55.2,55.1,40.9,36.0,14.3,13.6,9.6;高分辨率质谱(CI)m/z 441.2133,[(M)+,计算值C25H31NO6Na:441,2151]。
元素分析,计算值C25H31NO6:C,68.01;H,7.08;N:3.17.测量值:C,68.29;H,7.17;N,3.16。
共同母体(-)-5:在0℃,在30min内,小心地用AlMe3(2.0M的正己烷溶液,256ml,512mmol)处理N,O-二甲基羟基铵盐酸盐(50.8g,521mmol)在THF(380ml)中的溶液,得到的溶液在0℃搅拌30min,在室温搅拌90min,然后冷却到-20℃,在60min内,通过套管加入噁唑烷酮62(76.79,174mmol)在THF(380ml)中的溶液(20-ml漂洗),在-20℃滴加90min后,将溶液慢慢倾入到HCl(1.0N,1.0l)水溶液和CH2Cl2(1.0l)的溶液中,并在0℃剧烈搅拌90min。水相用CH2Cl2(3×1l)提取,合并的有机溶液用水洗涤(2×500ml)和盐水洗涤(500ml),用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩。粗品溶于最小量的醚中,加入等体积正己烷,得到的溶液冷冻过夜(4℃),过滤结晶,得到(4R,5S)-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮(30.68g,100%)。残留液体浓缩,进行急骤色谱层析(20%丙酮/正己烷),得到(-)-5(55.5g,98%收率),为无色油:[α]23,D-3.6°(c 1.67,CHCl3)IR(CHCl3)3470,1680cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.25(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.44(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔAB=17.1Hz,2H),3.95(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.70(ddd,J=8.2,3.2,3.2Hz,1H),3.66(s,3H),3.62(dd,J=9.0,4.0Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=9.1,5.9Hz,1H),3.17(s,3H),3.04(m,1H),1.91-1.84(m,1H),1.17(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ178.0,159.0,130.6,129.1,113.7,113.6,73.8,72.8,72.6,61.3,55.1,36.5,36.0,14.2,10.4;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z326.1962[(M+Na)+;计算值C17H28NO5:326.1967]。
元素分析计算值C17H27NO5:C,62.74;H,8.36.测量值:C,62.74;H,8.24。
片段A:
PMP缩醛(+)-11:在-10℃,用DDQ(17.80g,78.4mmol)处理剧烈搅拌的共同母体(-)-5(21.55g,66.2mmol)和粉末4分子筛(25g)在CH2Cl2(500ml)中的溶液,得到的混合物在90min内升温到0℃,通过硅藻土垫过滤(CH2Cl2,500ml),滤液用NaOH(1N,200ml)水溶液洗涤,浓缩到约1/10体积,用正己烷稀释(400ml),用NaOH水溶液洗涤(2×100ml),饱和盐水洗涤(2×200ml),MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到淡黄色固体,从正己烷-醚重结晶,得到(+)-6,为无色针状体(15.90g),母液进行急骤色谱层析(25%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到另外的2.50g(+)-11(86%总收率):mp 92.0-93.5℃;[α]23,D+36.4°(c 0.73,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3010,1663,1620cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.46(s,1H),4.04(dd,J=11.3,4.7Hz,1H),3.82(dd,J=9.8,6.5Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.71(s,3H),3.51(表观的t,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.19(s,3H),3.21-3.14(m,1H),1.98-1.92(m,1H),1.27(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.75(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ175.8,159.8,131.2,127.2,113.5,100.7,82.8,72.8,61.3,55.3,39.0,33.8,32.6,13.1,12.4;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z323.1736[M+;计算值C17H25NO5:323.1732].
元素分析计算值C17H25NO5:C,63.14;H,7.79.测量值:C,63.18;H,7.74。
醛(+)-12:通过套管,在15min内,向-60℃的LiAlH4(3.09g,81.4mmol)在THF(400ml)的溶液中加入酰胺(+)-11(16.4g,50.7mmol)在THF(100ml)的溶液,得到的溶液在-60℃搅拌2h,升温到0℃,搅拌60min,通过在45min内滴加冰醋酸(15.0ml,254mmol)猝停反应,加入饱和的酒石酸钾钠水溶液(500ml),室温剧烈搅拌得到的混合物,1h后,反应混合物用正己烷稀释(500ml),分离有机层,真空浓缩到约1/2体积,水层用CH2Cl2提取(2×250ml),合并的有机层用水(200ml)、饱和盐水(2×200ml)和饱和NaHCO3(200ml)洗涤,有机溶液用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到(+)-11,为白色淤浆(14.4g),其无需进一步纯化而可是使用。从醚重结晶得到分析样品:mp 68-71℃;[α]23,D+16.2°(c 1.02,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1735,1725cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.74(表观的s,1H),7.32(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.46(s,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.5,4.8Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=10.4,2.6Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.56(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),2.56(qd,J=7.1,2.6Hz,1H),2.15-2.03(m,1H),1.23(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.80(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ204.0,159.9,130.7,127.2,113.5,100.9,81.6,72.8,55.2,47.4,30.3,11.9,7.1;高分辨质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 265.1432[(M+H)+;计算值C15H21O4:265.1439]。
元素分析计算值C15H20O4:C,68.16;H,7.63.测量值:C,67.84;H,7.50。
羟醛(-)-13:使噁唑烷酮(-)-9(17.8g,76.2mmol)在CH2Cl2(100ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃,在0.5h内加入n-Bu2BOTf(1.0M的CH2Cl2溶液,70.85ml),然后在20min内加入NEt3(12.9ml,92.7mmol),混合物在0℃搅拌1h和,冷却到-78℃,在10min内加入醛(+)-12(14.4g)在CH2Cl2(20ml)中的溶液,混合物在-78℃进一步搅拌20min,升温到0℃搅拌1h,反应用pH 7的磷酸二氢-钾氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M,100ml)和MeOH(300ml)猝停,在0℃和搅拌下,小心地用30%H2O2在MeOH(100ml)处理,1h后,加入饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(100ml),浓缩,用乙酸乙酯提取(3×250ml),合并的提取液用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液、10%的NaHCO3水溶液、盐水(各200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-13(20.9g,两步收率77%),为白色固体:mp 98-100℃;[α]23,D-13.5°(c 1.19,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3690,3520(br),1790,1695cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.45(s,1H),4.67-4.62(m,1H),4.14(表观的d,J=5.3Hz,2H),4.08(dd,J=11.4,4.8Hz,1H),4.07(表观的t,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.04-3.99(m,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=9.9,2.2Hz,1H),3.51(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.33(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),3.21(dd,J=13.4,3.4Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.4,9.4Hz,1H),2.12-2.06(m,1H),1.92-1.86(m,1H),1.31(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.07(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ177.1,160.0,152.7,135.0,131.0,129.4,128.9,127.40,127.39,113.6,101.2,85.8,74.5,73.0,66.0,55.2,54.9,39.8,37.7,35.7,30.4,12.8,11.7,7.8;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 497.2410[M+;计算值C28H35NO7:497.2413]。元素分析计算值C28H35NO7:C,67.58;H,7.09.测量值:C,67.42;H,7.02。
TBS醚(-)-14:使醇(-)-13(26.3g,52.9mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(11.1ml,95.3mmol)在CH2Cl2(150ml)中的溶液冷却到-20℃,在30min内加入TBSOTf(20.5ml,79.3mmol)。在0℃反应2h后,混合物用醚稀释(300ml),用NaHSO4(1.0M)水溶液和盐水(各200ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱,5 10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(C-)-13(32.4g,100%收率),为无色油:[α]23,D-20.3°(c 1.32,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1788,1705cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.30-7.12(m,5H),6.82(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.44(s,1H),4.30(ddt,J=13.4,7.3,5.1,1H),4.11(dd,J=7.1,4.0Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.97(dq,J=7.0,7.0Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.740(表观的t,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.738(s,3H),3.48(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.27(表观的t,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.15(dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz,1H),2.59(dd,J=13.4,9.8Hz,1H),2.05(表观的qd,J=7.4,4.2Hz,1H),2.02-1.94(m,1H),1.19(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.04(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ175.6,159.9,152.4,135.5,132.0,129.4,128.8,127.8,127.2,113.4,100.7,80.7,74.6,73.1,65.3,55.3,55.2,41.4,40.9,37.4,30.6,26.0,18.1,15.0,12.7,11.5,-4.0,-4.6;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 612.3340[(M+H)+;计算值C34H50NO7Si:612.3356]。元素分析计算值C34H49NO7Si:C,66.74;H,8.07.测量值:C,66.69;H,7.98。
醇(+)-15:在-30℃,用EtOH(6.14ml,105mmol)处理亚酰胺(-)-14(32.0g,52.3mmol)在THF(600ml)中的溶液,然后在15min内加入LiBH4(2.0M的THF溶液,52.3ml,105mmol),在0℃反应1h和在室温反应12h后,混合物用醚稀释(1.0l),小心地用NaOH水溶液(1.0N,200ml)猝停反应,室温搅拌2h,分层,有机相用盐水洗涤(500ml),Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-15(18.7g,81%收率)为无色油,其放置后固化。从正己烷重结晶得到分析样品:mp 65.0-67.0℃[α]23,D或[α]D 23=+36.4°(c 1.57,CHCl3];IR(CHCl3)3630,3480(br)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.38(s,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.84(dd,J=6.7,1.9Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.53(dd,J=9.9,1.8Hz,1H),3.55-3.52(m,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=10.3,6.2Hz,1H),2.08-1.97(m,2H),1.94(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.7Hz,1H),1.76(br s,1H),1.02(d,J=7.1,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.84(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.00(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ159.8,131.4,127.3,113.5,101.0,82.9,74.3,73.3,66.3,55.2,38.7,37.8,30.7,26.1,18.3,12.2,11.1,10.7,-4.0,-4.2;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 439.2889[(M+H)+;计算值C24H43O5Si:439.2879].元素分析计算值C24H42O5Si:C,65.71;H,9.65.测量值:C,65.51;H 9.54。
碘化物(+)-A:用碘(4.08g,16.1mmol)处理剧烈搅拌的醇(+)-15(4.70g,10.7mmol)、三苯基膦(4.21g,16.1mmol)h和咪唑(1.09g,16.1mmol)在苯/醚(1∶2,75ml)中的溶液,1h后,混合物用水稀释(200ml),用饱和Na2S2O3和盐水洗涤(各100ml),MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-A(5.56g,95%收率),为无色油,其放置后固化,从乙醇重结晶,得到无色针状结晶:mp 43-44℃;[α]23,D+51.3°(c1.22,EtOH);1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3)δ7.39(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.40(s,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=7.1,1.9Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.48(dd,J=8.2,1.5Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),3.18-3.12(m,2H),2.11-2.00(m,2H),1.84(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.6Hz,1H),1.02(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.72(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.04(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ159.8,131.4,127.4,113.4,100.9,82.4,75.5,73.2,55.3,39.6,38.7,30.7,26.2,18.4,14.7,14.5,12.2,10.7,-3.7,-3.8;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 548.1833[M+;计算值C24H41IO4Si:548.1819]。元素分析计算值C24H41O4ISi:C,52.55;H,7.53.测量值:C,52.77;H,7.68。
片段B:
TBS醚(-)-17:使共同母体(-)-5(48.0g,148mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(30.1ml,258mmol)在CH2Cl2(370ml)中的溶液冷却到-20℃,在20min内加入(1∶1丙酮/水)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲烷磺酸酯(38.6ml,168mmol),混合物搅拌1.5h,用冷Et2O(800ml,0℃)稀释,倾入到300ml的1M NaHSO4中,分离得到的各层,水层用(3×Et2O)提取,合并的有机层用1.0M NaHSO4水溶液(4X)、水、饱和NaHCO3(2X)和盐水洗涤,有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩得到(C-)-17(65.1g,100%,通过1H NMR分析,纯度>95%),为透明无色油,通过急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)制备分析样品:[α]23,D-9.5°(c 1.84,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1658cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.21(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=8.7,2H),4.36(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,ΔAB=17.3Hz,2H),3.92(dd,J=8.2,3.0Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.55(s,3H),3.54(dd,J=9.2,2.5Hz,1H),3.13(dd,J=9.2,7.8Hz,1H),3.09(s,3H),3.15-3.09(m,1H),1.92-1.87(m,1H),1.09(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.04(表观的s,6H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ176.8,159.1,130.9,129.2,113.7,76.0,72.7,71.9,61.1,55.2,39.3,38.9,26.1,18.4,15.3,15.0,-3.87,-3.93;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 440.2823[(M+Na)+;计算值C23H42NO5Si:440.2832]。元素分析计算值C23H41NO5Si:C,62.83;H,9.40.测量值:C,63.05;H,9.32。
醛(-)-18:在-78℃,通过沿烧瓶壁滴加(滴加时间,30min)方式,用DIBAL-H(1.0M的正己烷溶液,115.0ml)处理酰胺(-)-17(9.19g,20.9mmol)在THF(750ml,用4 MS干燥)中的溶液,反应物搅拌3h,用MeOH(8ml)猝停,将-78℃的反应混合物倾入到饱和的Rochelle盐的水溶液中(1000ml),用Et2O(1500ml)稀释,室温搅拌30min后,混合物倾入到分液漏斗内并剧烈晃动以破坏乳化,分层,合并的有机层用饱和的Rochelle盐、水、饱和的NaHCO3和盐水(2X各300ml)洗涤,有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到(-)-18(31g,100%),为透明无色的油,其无需进一步纯化而直接用于下面步骤,经过急骤色谱层析(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷)获得分析样品。[α]23,D-22.9°(c 1.50,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1730cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.67(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.37(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,DnAB=23.6Hz,2H),4.18(dd,J=6.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.41(dd,J=9.2,5.7Hz,1H),3.31(dd,J=9.2,6.0Hz,1H),2.47(qdd,J=7.1,3.7,0.9Hz,1H),2.03-1.95(m,1H),1.08(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.84(s,9H),0.04(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ204.8,159.2,130.5,129.2,113.8,72.7,72.4,71.7,55.3,50.0,38.3,25.9,18.2,14.3,8.4,-4.1,-4.4;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 403.2304[(M+Na]+;计算值C21H36O4SiNa:403.2280)。
片段B(+)-3:在-23℃,在30min内,用n-BuLi(2.5M的正己烷溶液,64.0ml,160.1mmol)处理EtPh3PI(68.7g,164mmol,在70℃/0.2Torr干燥2h)在THF(600ml,用4 MS干燥,用氩气吹洗)中的悬浮液,形成深红色溶液,滴加完10min后,在40min内通过套管将红色内鎓盐溶液加入到冷却的(-78℃)的I2(41.7g,164.2mmol)在THF(1400ml,溶液的制备:室温下将I2加入到脱气的THF中并在冷却前剧烈搅拌40min)中的溶液,使得内温不超过-70℃,得到的黄色淤浆在-75℃(内温)搅拌,并升温到-23℃(内温),在30min内,通过套管加入NaHMDS(1.0M的THF溶液,147ml),进一步搅拌所得的橙色悬浮液15min,并冷却到-33℃(内温),在15min内通过套管加入粗品醛(-)-13(31.2g,82.1mmol)在THF(200ml)中的溶液。反应混合物在-30℃搅拌45min,在1h内升温到7℃,用MeOH(20ml)猝停,浓缩,通过6×8″二氧化硅插栓(100%Et2O,2000ml抽滤烧结玻璃陶瓷)抽滤,滤液用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(15%CHCl/正己烷;然后梯度洗脱1%乙酸乙酯/正己烷32%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(+)-3(19.6g,46%两步收率,9∶1 z/E),为无色油),通过反向HPLC(梯度洗脱;90%CH3CN/H2O 100%CH3CN)获得Z异构体的分析样品,(梯度洗脱;90%CH3CN/H2O~100%CH3CN),无色油;[α]23,D+23°(c 0.30,CHCl3)
; 1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)d 7.25(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.28(表观的dd,J=8.9,1.4Hz,1H),4.41(ABq,JAB=7.0Hz,DnAB=10.2Hz,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.60(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=9.1,5.1Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=9.0,8.0Hz,1H),2.54-2.47(m,1H),2.44(d,J=1.4Hz,3H),2.00-1.92(m,1H),1.00(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.02(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)d 159.1,139.6,131.0,129.1,113.7,98.9,76.5,72.6,72.5,55.3,44.5,38.7,33.5,26.1,18.4,14.7,14.5,-3.95,-3.99;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z541.1626[(M+Na]+;计算值C23H39IO3SiNa:541.1611]。
片段C:醛(-)-27:在H2(气球)下,室温搅拌PMB醚(-)-5(4.27g,9.71mmol),Peariman催化剂(20%Pd(OH)2/C,1.60g)和EtOH(120ml)9h,过滤,浓缩,得到的醇(-)-13(3.84g,含有对甲氧基苯甲醚)无需纯化即可使用。在0℃,用SO3.吡啶(5.7g,36mmol)处理粗品醇(3.849)和Et3N(6.4ml,46mmol)在CH2Cl2(24ml)和DMSO(48ml)的溶液,90min后,混合物用醚稀释(150ml),用H2O(100ml)、NaHSO4水溶液(1.0M,100ml)、H2O(100ml)和盐水(100ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-27(2.88g,93%收率),为无色油,其在0℃放置后固化。重结晶(正己烷),得到透明的片:mp 45-46℃;[α]23,D-65.0°(c 1.38,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1750,1720cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.68(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.22(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,1H),3.68(s,3H),3.10(表观的s,4H),2.46(qdd,J=7.1,2.6,1.5Hz,1H),1.16(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.10(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.092(s,3H),0.088(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ203.2,175.6,75.1,61.5,52.1,39.6,32.1,25.9,18.2,15.4,10.2,-4.07,-4.11;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 318.2096[(M+Na)+;计算值C15H32NO4Si:318.2100]。
烯酮(-)-64:向-78℃的二异丙基胺(14.24ml,104.1mmol)在THF(77ml)的溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.5M的正己烷溶液,43ml,107.6mmol)。在30min内,将混合物慢慢升温到-30℃,在0℃搅拌15min,然后冷却到-78℃,然后加入纯异丙叉丙酮(7.94ml,69.4mmol),搅拌5min,然后滴加三甲基氯硅烷(15.51ml,122.19mmol),混合物搅拌5min,用15ml的饱和NaHCO3溶液猝停,用50ml戊烷稀释,混合物洗涤(H2O),分离,水层用戊烷提取(2×30ml),合并的有机提取液干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,蒸馏(70℃在30Torr),得到7.55g的63(15∶1的混合物),为无色油。
在20min内,向-78℃的醛(-)-27(7.15g,22.5mmol)在CH2Cl2(50ml)中的溶液中滴加TiCi4(1M的CH2Cl2溶液,22.7ml,22.7mmol),得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌,然后在2min内滴加纯63(4.67g,27.4mmol)(漂洗2×5ml),反应混合物进一步在-78℃搅拌2h,将溶液倾入到由pH 8的磷酸盐缓冲液(30ml)和饱和NaHCO3水溶液(66ml)组成的溶液中,搅拌10min,分离水层,用CH2Cl2提取(2×250ml),合并的有机层洗涤(H2O,250ml),稀释(正己烷,200ml),并用三氟醋酸处理,溶液在室温搅拌10min,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱,1-10%EtOAc/正己烷),得到(-)-64(5.72g,72%),为白色固体:mp 53-55℃。[α]23,D-10.6°(c 0.88,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1728,1719,1695cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ6.09(m,1H),4.78(ddd,J=10.0,6.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.65(t,J=2.8Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=15.8,4.3Hz,1H),2.66(dd,J=15.8,6.7Hz,1H),2.62(qd,J=7.6,3.2Hz,1H),2.13(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),2.07(dqd,J=10.0,6.8,2.4Hz,1H),1.87(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.25(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ196.9,173.6,156.8,124.1,77.8,74.3,47.0,43.9,33.6,27.7,25.7,20.9,18.0,16.1,13.8,-4.5,-4.7;高分辨率质谱(ES)m/z 377.2127[(M+Na)+;计算值C19H34O4SiNa:377.2124]
醇(-)-65:使烯酮(-)-64(6.0g,16.9mmol)在甲苯(170ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,用K-Selectride(1.0M的THF溶液,19.5ml,19.5mmol)处理,3h后,将混合物加入到含有pH 7.0缓冲液(100ml)、H2O2(10ml,10%的MeOH溶液)和冰AcOH(2ml),得到的溶液室温搅拌45min,水层用CH2Cl2(4×200ml)提取,合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(15%乙酸乙酯/正己烷,1%AcOH),得到(-)-65(3.09g,51%),为无色油,该油放置后固化。重结晶(正己烷),得到透明针状结晶:mp 77.5-78.5℃;[α]23,D-21.1°(c 2.02,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3620,3400-3600(br),1725cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ5.21(表观的dt,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),4.75(br t,J=9.1Hz,1H),4.60(td,J=9.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=3.0Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.5,3.4Hz,1H),1.90(dqd,9.7,6.8,2.6Hz,1H),1.83(ddd,J=14.5,9.9,2.4Hz,1H),1.71(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.70(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.65(br s,1H),1.60(ddd,J=14.5,10.1,2.9Hz,1H),1.26(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ174.0,134.8,127.7,77.8,74.2,64.1,43.7,41.5,34.6,25.7,25.6,18.2,17.9,16.0,13.7,-4.6,-4.8。
元素分析计算值C19H36O4Si:C,64.00;H,10.18.测量值:C,63.92;H,10.43。
TBS醚(-)-66:使醇(-)-65(3.09g,8.67mmol)和咪唑(1.92g,28.2mmol)在DMF(44ml)的溶液冷却到0℃,用叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(2.41mg,16.0mmol)处理,得到的溶液在室温搅拌12h,用醚稀释(75ml),用H2O(2×100ml)和饱和盐水(100ml)洗涤,干燥,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(5%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-19(3.55g,87%)为无色油:[α]23,D-20.6°(c 0.80,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1718cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ5.11(表观的dt,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),4.71(ddd,10.4,8.7,2.2Hz,1H),5.55(td,J=10.4,1.7Hz,1H),3.65(t,J=2.7Hz,1H),2.63(qd,J=7.6,3.0Hz,1H),1.83(dqd,10.0,6.8,2.5Hz,1H),1.74(ddd,J=14.2,10.5,1.8Hz,1H),1.68(d,J=1.1Hz,3H),1.65(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),1.44(ddd,J=14.2,10.6,2.3Hz,1H),1.26(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.9,131.6,129.1,77.4,74.6,65.2,44.0,42.8,34.4,25.9,25.7,25.6,18.3,18.1,18.0,16.4,14.0,-4.3,-4.5,-4.8,-4.9;高分辨率质谱CEI)m/z 469.3156[(M-H)+;计算值C25H50O4Si2:469.3156]。
片段(-)-C:使烯烃(-)-66(570mg,1.20mmol)在CH2Cl2(20ml)中的溶液冷却到-78℃,用臭氧和氧气流处理,直到无色溶液变成铁蓝色,反应混合物用氩气流吹洗40min,然后小心地加入三苯基膦(349mg,1.3mmol),除去冷浴,溶液在室温搅拌1h,浓缩,色谱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到(-)-67(508mg,94%),为无色油,该油在5℃放置后可固化,从正己烷重结晶,得到分析样品,mp 58-60℃;[α]23,D-55.5°(c 1.46,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)1730(br)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.67(br s,1H),4.52(td,J=10.5,2.1Hz,1H),4.46(dd,J=10.5,3.5Hz,1H),3.67(t,J=2.3Hz 1H),2.66(qd,J=7.6,2.6Hz,1H),1.95-1.84(m,3H),1.77(ddd,J=14.1,10.5,2.1Hz,1H),1.27(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.92(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.13(s,3H),0.11(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ203.2,173.1,76.0,74.7,73.7,44.2,36.2,34.1,25.72,25.66,18.1,17.9,16.5,14.0,-4.55,-4.63,-4.9,-5.2;高分辨率质谱(CI)m/z445.2793[(M+H)+;计算值C22H45O5Si2:445.2806]。
(+)-39(改进的Negeshi偶合):由注射器将1.0M的无水ZnCl2(20ml,19.93mmol)加入到烷基碘化物(+)-A(10.93g,19.93mmol)在干燥Et2O(80ml)中的溶液中,得到的溶液脱气(2次冷冻解冻循环)。将溶液冷却到-78℃,通过套管在12min内加入t-BuLi(1.7M的戊烷溶液,35.2.0ml,59.8mmol),得到的溶液再搅拌5min,排气和充气(1×0.1Torr)。除去-78℃浴,反应在室温搅拌1h,通过套管将得到的浑浊悬浮液转移到(+)-B(8.98g,17.3mmol;9∶1 Z/E)和Pd(PPh3)4(1.0g,0.87mmol)的混合物中,反应混合物用铝箔覆盖,搅拌过夜,通过慢慢向反应混合物中加入水(200ml)猝停反应,混合物用醚稀释,分层,水层经提取(3×Et2O),合并的有机层经洗涤(饱和NaHCO3水溶液,盐水),干燥(MgSO4)过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱;2%EtOAc/正己烷或和到5%EtOAc/正己烷),得到白色蜡状物,从75ml的乙醇重结晶,得到(+)-39[9.3g(两步),66%收率;73%,以乙烯基碘化物的纯度计算],为白色针状结晶;mp 81.0-81.5℃;[α]23,D+28.6°(c 1.12,CHCl3);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)d 7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.00(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.36(ABq,JAB=11.6Hz,DnAB=17.4Hz,2H),4.08(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=7.1,1.8Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=9.9,1.7Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),3.46(dd,J=9.1,5.0Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=6.0,4.8Hz,1H),3.19(表观的t,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.51(ddq,J=10.1,6.5,6.5Hz,1H),2.32(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.08-2.02(m,1H),1.99-1.93(m,2H),1.88(dqd,J=7.1,7.1,1.8Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=11.1Hz,1H),1.55(d,J=0.5Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.74(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.73(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.013(s,3H),0.008(s,3H),0.003(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ159.8,159.0,132.0,131.5,131.2,131.1,129.0,127.3,113.7,113.5,101.1,83.4,78.49,78.46,73.3,72.6,72.5,55.3,38.8,38.2,37.5,35.6,33.7,30.8,26.27,26.25,23.1 18.42,18.40,17.0,14.6,12.6,12.1,10.9,-3.5,-3.7,-3.8,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 835.5315[(M+Na)+;计算值C47H80O7Si2Na:835.5341].元素分析计算值C47H80O7Si2:C,69.41;H,9.91.测量值:C,69.52;H,10.10。
醇(+)-40(PMB醚的化学选择性水解):在0℃,用H2O(6ml)和DDQ(3.18g,13.99mmol)处理PMB醚(+)-39(10.6g,12.95mmol)在CH2Cl2(124ml)中的溶液,搅拌3h,混合物用20ml的饱和NaHCO3猝停,用H2O(4X)洗涤,分离,水层用CH2Cl2(2X)提取,合并的有机提取液干燥(MgSO4)、过滤和浓缩,得到无定性白色固体,重结晶(250ml EtOH),得到(+)-40(7.31g),为白色针状结晶,母液用NaBH4(200mg)处理,浓缩反应混合物,用CH2Cl2稀释,用饱和氯化铵水溶液和盐水洗涤,有机层用NaSO4干燥,移出容器,浓缩,色谱层析(5%EtOAc/正己烷),得到另外560mg(+)-40,为白色固体(7.87g总收率88%):mp 99-100℃;[α]23,D+26.5°(c 0.95,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3520cm-1;1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.01(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.2,4.7Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.65(dd,J=10.4,4.7Hz,1H),3.63(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.54-3.50(m,1H),3.51(dd,J=10.0,2.0Hz,1H),3.47(表观的t,J=11.2Hz,1H)3.41(dd,J=6.6,4.0Hz,1H),2.59(ddq,J=13.2,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.33(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.24(表观的t,J=5.5Hz,1H),2.09-1.95(m,2H),1.89(dqd,J=7.0,7.0,1.7Hz,1H),1.84-1.77(m,1H),1.72(br d,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.58(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.910(s,9H),0.905(s,9H),0.75(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.74(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ159.8,133.0,131.5,130.5,127.3,113.4,101.0,83.3,81.6,78.4,73.3,65.4,55.3,38.5,38.2,37.6,37.0,33.7,30.8,26.17,26.16,23.2,18.4,18.3,17.4,15.7,12.6,12.1,10.9,-3.57,-3 61,-3.66,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(CI,NH3)m/z 693.4918[(M+H)+;计算值C39H73O6Si2:693.4945].元素分析计算值C39H72O6Si2:C,67.58;H,10.47.测量值:C,67.20;H,10.39。
三苯甲基保护的亚茴香基缩醛(+)-87:
向醇(+)-40(8.16g,11.8mmol)在吡啶(118ml)的溶液中加入三苯基氯甲烷(6.90 9,24.8mmol)和DMAP(3.02g,24.8mmol),混合物回流18h,冷却到室温,加入1M的柠檬酸(500ml)。混合物用CH2Cl2(3×100ml)提取,用1M柠檬酸(2×100ml)、H2O(100ml)和饱和NaHCO3溶液(100ml)洗涤,分离有机溶液,干燥(NaSO4),过滤,真空浓缩,急骤色谱层析(5%EtOAc/正己烷),得到(+)-87(10.38g,94%),为白色泡沫。[α]23,D+16.7°(c 0.30,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2980,2880,1620,1255cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,C6D6)δ7.62(d,J=8.69Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.09Hz,6H),7.15(dd,J=8.8,6.6Hz,6H),7.04(表观的t,J=7.4Hz,3H),6.84(d,J=8.7,2H),5.43(s,1H),5.06(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.95(dd,J=4.6,11.0,1H),3.77(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.53(m,3H),3.48(dd,J=5.2,8.6,1H),3.24(s,3H),3.00(表观的t,J=8.9Hz,1H),2.72(m,1H),2.49(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H)2.41(m,1H),2.19(m,1H),1.98(m,1H),1.92(m,2H),1.75(表观的d,J=12.1Hz,1H),1.61(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.16(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.14(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),1.04(s,9H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(s,9H),0.42(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.01(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.03(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,C6D6)δ160.4,145.2,132.4,129.2,128.3,128.0,127.9,127.1,113.8,101.8,86.9,83.5,79.1(2),73.3,66.6,54.7,40.7,38.7,37.9,36.3,33.9,31.0,26.5,26.4,23.2,18.7,18.5,18.3,14.5,12.9,11.9,11.3,-3.3,-3.5,-3.6,-3.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 959.6040[(M+Na)+;计算值C58H86O6Si2Na:959.6017]。
三苯甲基保护的醇(-)-88:向0℃的三苯甲基醚(+)-87(10.38g,11.1mmol)在CH2Cl2(111ml)中的溶液中加入DIBAL-H(1M的甲苯溶液,33.3ml,33.3mmol),得到的溶液搅拌4.5h,通过滴加pH 7.0缓冲液(20ml)猝停,然后用CH2Cl2(100ml)稀释,然后将混合物加入到100ml的饱和酒石酸钠钾溶液中,用CH2Cl2(4×100ml)提取,分离,有机层用H2O(400ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(20%EtOAc/正己烷),得到(-)-88(9.5g,91%),为白色泡沫:[α]23,D-30°(c0.05,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)3500,2940,1640,1035cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42(dd,J=7.9,1.4Hz,6H),7.26(m,8H),7.18(m,3H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.85(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.52(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.49(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.73(ddd,J=11.0,5.2,3.5Hz),3.57(ddd,J=11.0,5.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.47(dd,J=5.4,3.4Hz,1H),3.38(dd,J=6.3,4.4Hz,1H),3.35(表观的t,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.17(dd,J=8.8,5.4Hz,1H),2.74(表观的t,J=8.8Hz,1H)2.42(m,1H),2.12(m,2H),1.93(m,2H),1.84(m,1H),1.48(表观的d,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.40(s,3H),1.38(m,1H),1.03(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.93(s,9H),0.86(J=6.6Hz,3H),0.82(s,9H),0.70(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.02(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H),-0.08(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ159.4,144.6,131.4,131.0,130.4,129.3,128.8,127.6,126.7,114.0,86.3,86.2,78.2,77.5,75.2,66.4,65.5,55.3,40.2,40.0,37.5,36.6,35.7,35.0,26.2,26.0,22.9,18.5,18.2,17.6,15.6,13.7,13.5,11.4,-3.4(2),-3.9,-4.1;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z957.5844[(M-2H+Na)+;计算值C58H86O6Si2Na:957.5861]。
三苯甲基保护的三烯90:向0℃的醇(-)-88(2.65g,2.83mmol)在CH2Cl2(28ml)中的溶液中加入Dess-Martin periodinane(1.31g,3.1mmol)和NaHCO3(615mg,8.48mmol),得到的溶液搅拌2.5h,用饱和NaS2O3溶液(15ml)和饱和NaHCO3溶液(15ml)猝停,然后混合物用Et2O(3×)提取,分离,有机溶液用H2O洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,得到的白色泡沫(2.54g)无需纯化而使用(89):IR(CHCl3)2960,2850,1720,1250cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.87(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=7.5Hz,6H),7.17(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.10(m,6H),6.99(表观的t,7.3Hz,3H),6.74(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.99(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.39(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.34(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),3.56(dd,J=2.8,5.8Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=5.3,5.2Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=6.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.41(dd,J=8.6,5.4Hz,1H),3.24(s,3H),2.96(表观的t,J=8.9Hz),2.65(m,1H),2.51(m,1H),2.33(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.95(m,1H),1.89(m,1H),1.64(表观的d,J=12.1Hz,1H),1.48(s,3H),1.18(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.07(d,J=4.2,3H),1.05(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),0.97(s,9H),0.96(s,9H),0.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),0.026(s,3H),0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ204.4,159.3,144.6,131.6,131.5,130.7,129.5,129.1(3),128.7,128.0(3),127.1,113.8,86.3,82.5,78.2,77.3,74.4,66.4,55.2,49.5,40.3,40.2,36.6,35.7,34.7,36.2(3),26.0(3),22.9,18.5,18.2,17.6,13.7,13.2,12.1,11.4,-3.4(2),-3.9,-4.1;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 957.5861[(M+Na)+;计算值C58H86O6Si2Na:957.5963]。
向-78℃的烯丙基二苯基膦(1.17ml,5.43mmol)在THF(17ml,脱气)中的溶液中加入3.2ml的叔丁基锂(1.7M的戊烷溶液,5.43mmol),搅拌5min,将溶液浸没在0℃浴中,搅拌30min,冷却到-78℃,用Ti(i-OPr)4(1.61ml,5.43mmol)处理溶液,搅拌30min,通过套管加入预冷(-78℃)的醛89(2.54g,2.72mmol)在THF(10ml)中的溶液(漂洗1×2ml),搅拌1h,升温到0℃,加入碘代甲烷(1.69ml,27.2mmol),将溶液升温到室温,搅拌16h,溶液用pH 7.0缓冲液(20ml)猝停,用CH2Cl2(3X)和Et2O(3X)提取,合并的有机层用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(2%EtOAc/正己烷),得到90(1.69g,62%,2步骤,8∶1非对映异构体的混合物),为白色泡沫:IR(CHCl3)3060,2940,1600,1450cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,主要的非对映异构体)d 7.41(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),7.26(m,8H),7.18(表观的t,J=7.25Hz,3H),6.86(d,J=8.57,2H),6.56(ddd,J=16.8,10.7,10.7Hz,1H),5.96(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.52(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.77(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.76(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.55(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.37(dd,J=9.4,4.5Hz,1H),3.35(dd,J=6.6,4.3Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=7.2,3.7Hz,1H),3.13(dd,J=8.7,5.5Hz,1H),2.97(m,1H),2.73(表观的t,J=8.9Hz,1H),2.35(m,1H),2.10(m,1H),1.90(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.74(m,1H),1.69(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,主要的非对映异构体)δ159.1,144.7,134.5,132.2,131.7,131.3,130.6,129.2,129.1,128.8,127.6,126.8,117.6,113.7,86.3,84.6,78.2,75.0,66.5,55.3,40.5,40.1,35.9,35.5,35.4,35.2,26.3,26.0,22.8,18.6,18.2,17.7,14.7,14.1,13.5,10.5,-3.15,-3.35,-3.97,-4.12;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 981.6225[(M+Na)+;计算值C61H90O5Si2Na:981.6224]。
三烯醇74:将无水MeOH(151ml)加入到冷的(0℃)的氯代儿茶酚硼烷(2.31g,14.5mmol)在4.5ml的CH2Cl2(3.2M)的溶液中,在0℃,每隔10min,将0.6ml(1.94mmol)的小份的溶液加入到0.07M的三苯甲基醚90(1.86g,1.94mmol,8∶1dr)中,直到TLC(20%EtOAc/正己烷)显示约90%反应完全(共2.4ml的rgt溶液,7.74mmol),此时反应通过滴加20ml的饱和NaHCO3猝停,得到的混合物搅拌15min,用40ml Et2O稀释,再搅拌30min,分层,水层提取(3×Et2O),得到的有机层合并,洗涤(水和饱和盐水溶液),干燥(MgSO4),过滤,加入10g的SiO2,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱;5%EtOAc/正己烷到10%EtOAc/正己烷;二次柱:100%CH2Cl2;然后,20%EtOAc/正己烷),得到74(1.20g,86%,8∶1 dr),为白色泡沫,和起始的醚90(247mg,13%;99%以回收的材料计算)。[α]23,D+32°(c 0.70,CHCl3;12∶1 dr);IR(CHCl3)3500,2950,1620,1250cm-1;1H NMR(500MHZ,CDCl3,主要的非对映异构体)δ7.27(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.61(ddd,J=16.8,10.6,10.6,1H),6.05(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.58(表观的t,J=10.6Hz,1H),5.23(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),5.12(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),4.98(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.45(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.66(ddd,J=10.8,4.8,4.5,1H),3.51(ddd,J=11.0,5.7,5.6Hz,1H),3.45(dd,J=4.7,3.9Hz,1H),3.40(dd,J=6.9,3.8Hz,1H),.26(dd,J=7.3,3.7Hz,1H),3.0(m,1H),2.56(m,1H),2.29(表观的t,J=5.52Hz,1H),2.06(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.81(m,3H),1.65(表观的d,J=11.2Hz,1H),1.59(s,3H),1.11(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.95(s,9H),0.92(m,12H),0.72(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.11(s 9H),0.08(s,3H),13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,主要的非对映异构体)δ159.1,134.5,132.8,132.3,131.2,130.5,129.2,129.0,117.5,113.7,84.6,81.7,77.1,75.0,65.3,55.3,40.1,38.5,36.8,36.1,35.4,35.3,26.7,26.3,26.2,23.0,18.7,18.6,18.3,17.6,15.8,14.6,10.6,-3.2,-3.4,-3.6,-3.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z739.5129[(M+Na)+;计算值C42H76O5Si2Na:739.5156]。
鏻盐75:在0℃,将碘(1.07g,4.24mmol)在10ml的Et2O中的溶液滴加到剧烈搅拌的醇(+)-74(1.41g,1.97mmol;8∶1顺式/反式二烯异构体的混合物)、PPh3(1.37g,5.22mmol)和咪唑(342mg,5.02mmol)在苯/醚(1∶1,40ml)中的溶液,在0℃搅拌得到的cannary黄悬浮液,并倾入到150ml的1∶1水/正己烷中,分层,水层用正己烷提取,合并的有机层用饱和的偏亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(2×50ml)、水(1×50)和盐水(100ml)洗涤,将澄清、无色的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,使用最小量的CH2Cl2将得到的白色淤浆装样到SiO2插栓上,迅速洗脱柱(0.05%Et3N/2%Et2O/正己烷),得到相应的碘化物,为无色油(8∶1二烯异构体的ds混合物;用约20%PPh4污染),其无需纯化即可用于下面步骤。1H NMR(500MHz,C6D6,主要的二烯异构体)δ7.51(m,6H),7.43(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.18(m,9H),6.97(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.84(ddd,J=16.8,10.8,10.8Hz,1H),6.23(表观的t,J=10.8Hz,1H),5.84(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.33(dd,J=16.8,1.9Hz,1H),5.27(d,J=10.4,1H),5.23(d,J=10.2Hz),4.74(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),3.76(表观的t,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.58(dd,J=6.6,4.0Hz,1H),3.48(m,2H),3.46(s,3H),3.24(m,1H),3.17(dd,J=9.6,8.0Hz,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.44(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),2.17(m,1H),2.10(m,1H),2.02(m,1H),1.78(s,3H),1.38(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.27(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.20(s,9H),1.18(m,6H),1.10(s,9H),1.06(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.33(s,3H),0.31(s,3H),0.24(s,3H),0.23(s,3H)。
向上面碘化物在苯/甲苯(7∶3,5.0ml)的溶液中加入二异丙基乙胺(0.2ml,1.14mmol)和三苯基膦(2.5g,9.53mmol),得到的溶液装样于20ml聚乙烯注射器中,盖盖以尽量消除任何气体进入(3×1.0ml,7∶3苯/甲苯溶液漂洗),将注射器装于高压设备内进行加压,压力为12.8Kbar,14天后,反应混合物浓缩,进行色谱层析(梯度洗脱,20%EtOAc/正己烷-50%EtOAc/正己烷,然后为20%MeCN/CH2Cl2),得到75,为浅黄色固体(1.68g,从醇46计算的收率78%;8∶1 dr)。[α]23,D+22°(c1.0,CHCl3);IR(CHCl3)2940,1610,1580,1250cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,主要的二烯异构体)δ7.75(m,15H)7.27(d,J=8.6Hz,2H)6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.54(ddd,J=16.8,10.6,10.6Hz,1H),5.89(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.50(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),5.12(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.45(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.70(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=6.7,4.6Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=5.3,3.1Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=7.9,3.2Hz,1H),3.19(m,1H),2.97(m,1H),2.41(m,1H),2.03(m,1H),1.94(表观的t,J=12.2Hz,1H),1.84(m,2H),1.57(m,1H),1.54(s,3H),1.10(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),).89(m,21H),0.69(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.66(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.095(s,3H),0.08(s,3H),0.04(s,3H),-0.05(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ159.1,135.3,135.2,134.2,133.5,133.4,132.5,132.3,131.0,130.9,130.7,130.6,130.4,129.1,128.8,128.2,118.6,118.0,117.6,113.7,84.6,80.0,79.9,76.8,75.1,55.3,39.8,35.8,35.5,35.3,35.2,26.2,26.1(2),26.0,22.6,18.6,18.5,18.2,17.4,16.9,15.0,10.5,-3.3,-3.4(2),-4.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 961.6134[(M-I)+;计算值C60H90O4PSi2:961.6115]。
四烯58(Wittig偶合):使用双支管进行鏻盐75(1.20g,1.10mmol;二烯异构体比例为8∶1)与苯的共沸干燥(3×1.5ml),并进一步在真空(0.2torr)加热干燥12h,将盐溶于6ml新蒸馏THF中,用氩气吹洗15min,冷却到-20℃,得到的溶液用二(三甲硅烷基)氨基钠(1.0M的THF溶液,1.04ml),搅拌15min,升温到0℃,搅拌30min,冷却到-24℃,在7min内,通过套管将该橙色/红色溶液转移到脱气的醛(-)-67(508mg,1.14mmol)在THF(3ml+1×0.5ml漂洗)的溶液中,在3.25h内,使橙色溶液慢慢升温到-8℃,得到的浅黄色溶液用饱和NH4Cl猝停,用Et2O和H2O稀释,分层,水层经提取(3×Et2O),合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),浓缩,色谱层析(梯度洗脱;2%EtOAc/正己烷或到50%EtOAc/正己烷;然后40%CH3CN/CH2Cl2),得到顺式异构体58(767mg,65%;白色泡沫,二烯异构体比例为8∶1),反式异构体58(50mg,4%;澄清的油;二烯异构体比例为8∶1)和鏻盐75(399mg,33%;二烯异构体比例为8∶1)。[enant-(+)-58[α]23,D-32°(c 0.23,CHCl3)];IR(CHCl3)1725cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,主要的二烯异构体)δ7.25(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.57(ddd,J=16.7,10.6,10.6Hz,1H),6.00(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.55(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.26(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.19(dd,J=15.4,1.4Hz,1H),5.18(表观的t,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.10(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.01(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.75(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=10.5,1.3,1.3Hz,1H),4.50(ABq,JAB=10.6Hz,ΔAB=42.6Hz,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.60(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=5.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=7.5,3.7Hz,1H),3.20(表观的t,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.01-2.94(m,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.7,2.6Hz,1H),2.62-2.55(m,1H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),1.98(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.84-1.67(m,3H),1.63(br d,J=13.2Hz,1H),1.52(s,3H),1.55-1.48(m,1H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.09(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.93(表观的d,J=6.7Hz,6H),0.93(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.69(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.085(s,3H),0.079(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.046(s,3H),0.042(s,3H),0.029(s,3H),0.028(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)δ173.2,159.1,134.4,133.4,132.4,132.2,131.9,131.3,131.2,129.11,129.09,117.6,113.7,84.6,80.5,76.9,75.0,74.9,64.6,55.3,44.1,42.7,40.1,37.5,36.0,35.44,35.37,35.2,34.2,26.31,26.28,25.9,25.7,23.0,18.7,18.6,18.4,18.1,18.0,17.1,16.5,16.4,14.9,14.1,10.5,-3.0,-3.2,-3.3,-4.3,-4.4,-4.5,-4.8,-4.9;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1149.7836[(M+Na)+;计算值C64H118O8Si4Na:1149.7802]。
醇(+)-59:在0℃,用H2O(0.5ml)和DDQ(270mg,1.19mmol)处理PMB醚58(1.12g,0.993mmol,顺/反二烯异构体的混合物8∶1)在CH2Cl2(10ml)的溶液,在0℃搅拌混合物10min,升温到室温,再搅拌5min,混合物用50ml的饱和NaHCO3猝停,用CH2Cl2(300ml)稀释,用H2O(100ml)和饱和盐水溶液(500ml)洗涤,合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱;4%EtOAc-20%EtOAc/正己烷),得到(+)-59(822mg,82%),为白色泡沫。[enant-(+)-33[α]23,D-20°(c 0.34,CHCl3)];IR(膜,NaCl)3500(br),1740cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ6.61(ddd,J=16.8,10.9,10.9Hz,1H),6.13(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.32(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.28(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.24-5.21(m,1H),5.19(表观的t,J=10.3Hz,1H),5.14(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.50(表观的t,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.60(dd,J=5.5,3.4Hz,1H),3.32(br d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.24(表观的t,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.79(ddq,J=9.9,6.7,6.7Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.57(m,1H),2.50-2.45(m,1H),2.16(表观的t,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.90-1.77(m,3H),1.75-1.69(m,2H),1.57(s,3H),1.60-1.50(m,1H),1.20(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.95-0.93(m,6H),0.91(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.89-0.84(m,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.73(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.07(表观的s,6H),0.052(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.04(表观的s,6H),0.03(s,3H),-0.01(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHZ,CDCl3)d 173.3,134.7,133.5,132.5,132.1,132.0,131.5,131.0,118.4,80.5,78.8,76.4,74.9,64.7,44.1,42.7,38.0,37.4,36.3,36.1,35.2,35.1,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.2,18.5,18.1,18.0,17.3,17.2,16.4,16.1,14.1,13.7,9.4,-3.0,-3.3,-3.6,-4.34,-4.36,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z1029.7273[(M+Na)+;计算值C56H110O7Si4Na:1029.7226;
DDQ加成物32:[α]23,D+47°(c 1.2,CHCl3)];IR(CHCl9)3225,2900,1710,1580,1070cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,C6D6,1∶1 C21非对映异构体混合物)δ5.60(m,2H),5.26(m,2H),5.15(m,2H)4.75(表观的t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=11.6,1.0Hz,1H),3.47(m,2H),3.04(2,1H),2.92(m,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.66(m,1H),2.44(表观的d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.25(m,2H),2.12(dd,J=17.1,5.4Hz,1H),1.86(m,7H),1.76(m,1H),1.70(表观的t,J=12.6Hz,1H),1.24(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.21(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.15(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.13(s,9H),1.08(s,9H),1.06(s,9H),1.01(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.94(s,9H),0.94(s,9H),0.90(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.40(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.34(s,3H),0.30(s,3H),0.27(s,3H),0.26(s,3H),0.21(s,6H),-0.01(s,3H),-0.04(s,3H);高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1255.6598[(M+Na)+;计算值C64H110Cl2N2O9Si4Na:1255.6563]。
氨基甲酸酯(-)-60:在室温,用Cl3CCON=C=O(980ml,0.979mmol)处理醇(+)-59(822mg,0.816mmol)在CH2Cl2(8.2ml)中的溶液30min,将溶液直接装料于中性氧化硅上(1.5×4″插栓),4h后,从Al2O3(EtOAc,500ml)冲洗出材料,浓缩,急骤色谱层析纯化(10%乙酸乙酯/正己烷),得到786mg(+)-60(92%)为白色泡沫,[enant(+)-60[α]23,D-37°(c 0.19,CHCl3)];IR(膜,NaCl)3510,3360(br),3180,1730(br)cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)d 6.58(dddd,J=16.8,10.6,10.6,0.7Hz,1H),6.01(表观的t,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.36(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.27(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),5.22-5.16(m,2H),5.12(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.76(表观的t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.71(表观的t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.50(ddd,J=10.5,10.5,1.3Hz,1H),4.44(br s,2H),3.62(表观的t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.42(表观的t,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.22(表观的t,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.6,6.6Hz,1H),2.60(qd,J=7.6,2.7Hz,1H),2.63-2.55(m,1H),2.48-2.41(m,1H),2.09(表观的t,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.93-1.88(m,1H),1.87-1.77(m,2H),1.71(ddd,J=14.1,10.8,1.6Hz,1H),1.67(br d,J=13.7Hz,1H),1.56(表观的s,3H),1.55-1.50(m,1H),1.21(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.918(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.915(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.86(s,9H),0.853(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.847(s,9H),0.70(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.09(s,3H),0.07(s,3H),0.053(s,3H),0.051(s,3H),0.040(s,3H),0.037(s,3H),0.03(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)d 173.3,156.9,133.6,133.5,132.4,132.1,131.9,131.4,129.8,118.0,80.5,78.9,74.9,64.6,44.2,42.7,37.8,37.4,36.0,35.3,35.2,34.5,34.2,26.3,26.2,25.9,25.7,23.0,18.5,18.4,18.1,18.0,17.5,17.1,16.44,16.38,14.1,13.7,10.1,-3.0,-3.4,-3.6,-4.4,-4.5,-4.8;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 1072.7264[(M+Na)+;计算值C57H11NO8Si4Na:1072.7283]。
(+)-迪莫利德[1]:将氨基甲酸酯(+)-60(202mg,0.191mmol)溶于MeOH(70ml)中,室温搅拌15min,在4h内,以2-4ml份数加入盐酸水溶液(3N,40ml),维持添加速率,使得沉淀最小化(间隔约10-15min),在1h内,每隔15min加入另外的20ml的3N HCl水溶液,用8ml的MeOH冲洗烧瓶壁和搅拌棒,8h后,一次加入20ml3N的HCl水溶液,室温搅拌所得溶液2h,用350ml的水稀释,并倾入到400的EtOAc中,分层,水层用NaCl饱和,提取(3×EtOAc).,合并的有机层用饱和NaHCO3(2×100ml)和饱和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(梯度洗脱;5%MeOH/CH2Cl2到10%MeOH/CH2Cl2)得到1(107mg,93%收率),为白色无定性固体。室温下将无定性固体溶解在乙腈(0.1M)中并将该溶液室温放置几小时,得到X射线质量结晶:mp108-111℃;[α]23,D+16°(c 0.033,MeOH);IR(CHCl3)3690,3620,3540,3430,1740cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ6.60(dddd,J=16.8,8.4,8.4,0.8Hz,1H),6.02(表观的t,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.51(dd,J=11.2,7.9Hz,1H),5.42(ddd,J=10.6,10.6,0.6Hz,1H),5.34(表观的t,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=16.9,1.9Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.77-4.69(m,1H),4.70(dd,J=7.3,4.2Hz,1H),4.60(ddd,J=10.0,10.0,2.4Hz,1),4.56(br s,2H),3.73(m,1H),3.28(m,1H),3.18(dd,J=6.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.98(ddq,J=10.1,6.9,6.9Hz,1H),2.78(ddq,J=9.8,6.8,6.8Hz,1H),2.66(qd,J=7.3,4.6Hz,1H),2.60-2.55(m,1H),2.10-1.80(m,10H),1.69(ddd,J=14.4,10.3,3.1Hz,1H),1.64(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.30(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.99(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.97(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)d 173.6,157.0,134.4,133.7,133.4,132.9,132.2,129.9,129.8,117.9,79.1,78.9,77.2,75.7,73.2,64.4,43.1,41.0,37.4,36.1,36.0,35.8,35.3,34.8,33.1,23.3,18.4,17.4,15.6,15.5,13.7,12.5,9.0;高分辨率质谱(FAB,NBA)m/z 616.3840[(M+Na)+;计算值C33H55NO8Na:616.3826]。
实施例76甲磺酸酯1201:
向醇1200(0.032mmol)在CH2Cl2(1ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(7μl)和甲烷磺酰氯(4μl),搅拌1h后,加入1ml的碳酸氢钠溶液,混合物经提取(3x,CH2Cl2),干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析纯化(25%EtOAc/正己烷),得到29 mg的甲磺酸酯1201(91%),为无色的油。
实施例77:
异丙基加成物1206:
向0℃的甲磺酸酯1201的醚溶液中(0.0269mmol在3ml醚溶液中)加入LiAlH4。混合物搅拌45min,用Rochelle溶液(5ml)猝停,混合物搅拌30min,用Et2O(2x)和CH2Cl2(2x)提取,合并的有机提取液经洗涤(盐水),干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%EtOAc/正己烷),得到19mg(80%)的异丙基加成物1206,为黄色的油。
实施例78:丙基加成物1202
向CuI在THF(0.1M)的溶液中加入溴化丙基镁,溶液搅拌1h,通过套管(THF)加入甲磺酸酯1201的溶液,反应搅拌3h,用碳酸氢钠溶液猝停,混合物用Et2O(2x)和CH2Cl2(2x)提取,合并的有机提取液经洗涤(碳酸氢钠、盐水),干燥(MgSO4),过滤,浓缩,急骤色谱层析(10%EtOAc/正己烷),得到丙基加成物1202。
可参考表III进一步理解本发明,该表III提供了本发明的15种化合物的体外微管蛋白聚合试验和人A459细胞系试验结果。
表III
本领域的技术人员可以理解,可对本发明的优选实施方案进行各种改变和修正,但是这些改变和修正应未偏离本发明的实质。因此,权利要求书覆盖了所有处于本发明的真正实质和范围内的全部的等价变体。本文引用的全部参考文献作为参考被全文引入本文。
Claims (20)
1.一种下式I-a的化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、R8和R16独立地选自氢和C1-C10烷基;
R4和R9选自氢和对酸不稳定的羟基保护基;
R40为-OC(=R25a)NR25bR25c;
R25a选自O、S、NR25e;
R25e选自氢和C1-6烷基;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、ORc、C(=O)Rb、S(O)pRb、(CH2)rC3-C12碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、碳环和杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
作为选择,R25b和R25c可和与它们结合的氮一起形成5元的或6元杂环,该杂环含有0-3个另外的选自O、S和N的杂原子,其中杂环被0-5个R25d取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)Rb、CO2RC、OC(O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORc、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、S(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
R40a选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基、(CH2)r杂环基,其中R40a被0-5个Re取代,或作为选择,R40a具有下式结构:
其中R40b和R40c独立地选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、(CH2)rNRaRa、(CH2)rORc、(CH2)rC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rCO2RC、(CH2)rOC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)Rb、(CH2)rC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rOC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)ORb、(CH2)rNRaS(=O)2Rb、(CH2)rS(=O)2NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)Rb、(CH2)rC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=O)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=S)NRaRa、(CH2)rCH=NORc、(CH2)rCH=NRa、(CH2)rCH=NNRaRa、(CH2)rC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rNRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C1-10烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-8炔基、(CH2)rC3-C10碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
Ra独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rb独立地选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、(CH2)rC3-6环烷基、(CH2)r苯基和(CH2)r杂环,其中Ra被0-5个Re取代;
Rc独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基和(CH2)r苯基,其中Rc被0-5个Re取代;
Rd独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
Re独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I、ORf、NO2、CN、CF3、CF2CF3、C1-4烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、CO2Rf、OC(=O)Rf、C(=O)Rf、NHC(=O)Rf、OC(=O)NRfRf、NRfRf、C(=NRf)NRfRf、NRfC(=O)NRfRf、(CH2)r苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、(CH2)r杂环和=O;
Rf独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基;
Rg独立地为除去羧基中的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
J为-A-B或-B;
A为被0-3个Re取代的C1-6烷基;
B选自C3-C12碳环和杂环,其中碳环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代;
RJa选自=O、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-6卤代烷基、CN、NO2、OH、NRaRa、ORC、C(=O)Rb、CO2RC、OC(=O)Rb、NRaC(=O)Rb、C(=O)NRaRa、OC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)ORb、NRaS(=O)2Rb、S(=O)2NRaRa、NRaC(=S)Rb、C(=S)NRaRa、NRaC(=O)NRaRa、NRaC(=S)NRaRa、CH=NORC、CH=NRa、CH=NNRaRa、C(=NRa)NRaRa、NRaC(=NRa)NRaRa、(CH2)rS(O)pRb、O(CH2)qNRaRa、O(CH2)qORC、(CH2)rORd、(CH2)rC(=O)Rg、(CH2)rNHRd、(CH2)rS(O)pRg、C1-10烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基、C3-C12碳环、杂环,其中苯氧基、苯甲酰基、碳环和杂环被0-5个Re取代;
r选自0、1、2、3和4;
q选自1、2、3和4;和
p选自1和2;
前提条件是当R1、R2、R6、R7和R8为甲基时,R3为甲基或氢,R25a为氧,R4、R9、R16、R25b、R25c为氢,R40a为下式:
其中R40b和R40c为氢;或R40b和R40c之一为氢,另一个为(CH2)3OCOC(CH3)3,
J不同于被0-2个C(=O)CH3取代的下式的基团:
J为:
其中RJb为S-苯基或O(CH2)2NHCO烷基。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中:
R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、R8和R16独立地选自氢和甲基;
R40为-OC(=O)NR25bR25C;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rC3-C12碳环和(CH2)r杂环,其中烷基、碳环和杂环被0-3个R25d取代;
选择性地,R25b和R25c可与氮连接,它们与氮结合形成5元的或6元杂环,该杂环含有0-1个另外选自O、S和N的杂原子,其中杂环选择性地被0-3个R25d取代;
R40a为下式:
A为被0-3个Re取代的C1-3烷基;
B选自C3-C6碳环和5元的或6元的杂环,其中碳环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代;
r选自0、1、2和3;和
q选自1、2和3。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中:
A选自CH2和CH2CH2,其中CH2和CH2CH2被0-1个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2和=O的Re取代;和
B选自苯基和5元或6元杂环,其中苯基和杂环被0-5个RJa取代。
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中B选自苯基、6-元内酯环和杂环,所述杂环选自2-吡咯烷酮基、2H-吡咯基、4-哌啶酮基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、呋喃基、呋咱基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑基、异噁唑基、吗啉基、噁二唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑烷基、噁唑基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、蝶啶基、哌啶酮基、4-哌啶酮基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、吡咯基、四氢呋喃基、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、噻酚并噻唑基、噻酚并噁唑基、噻酚并咪唑、苯硫基、三嗪基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,5-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、四唑,其中苯基、内酯环和杂环被0-5个RJa取代。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中A为被0-1个OH取代的CH2CH2,RJa选自OH和甲基。
8.权利要求7的化合物,其中R40b是氢。
9.权利要求7的化合物,其中R25b和R25c是氢。
10.权利要求3的化合物,其中R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、芴基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基和苯基被0-2个R25d取代;
Rb选自C1-6烷基、苯基、苄基和苯乙基,其中Rb被0-3个Re取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OC1-6烷基、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2C1-6烷基、OC(=O)C1-6烷基、C(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基,其中苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基被0-3个Re取代;和
Re选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3,、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2,和NH2。
11.权利要求10的化合物,其中R25b是氢,R25c选自S(O)2C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、芴基、用0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、和NH2的R25b取代的S(O)2苯基;和用0-3个选自苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的R25d取代的苯基,其中苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基被0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3和NH2的Re取代。
12.权利要求11的化合物,其中R40a是氢。
14.权利要求13的化合物,其中R40b选自氢、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和苯基被0-3个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的Re所取代;r选自1和2。
15.权利要求13的化合物,其中R40b选自氢、CH2、CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2和(CH2)苯基,其中CH2、CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2和苯基被0-1个选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2CH3,OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基的Re取代。
16.权利要求15的化合物,其中R25b和R25c是氢。
18.权利要求3的化合物,其中:
R40b选自氢、C1-6烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基、(CH2)rOC(=O)苯基和苯基被0-3个Re所取代;
R25b和R25c独立地选自氢、S(O)2Rb、C1-6烷基、芴基和(CH2)r苯基,其中烷基和苯基被0-2个R25d取代;
Rb选自C1-6烷基、苯基、苄基和苯乙基,其中Rb被0-3个Re取代;
R25d,在每次出现时,选自氢、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OC1-6烷基、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2C1-6烷基、OC(=O)C1-6烷基、C(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、NHC(=O)C1-6烷基、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、NHC1-6烷基、N(C1-6烷基)2苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基,其中苯基、苯氧基、苯甲酰基和吡啶基被0-3个Re取代;和
Re选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、OCH3、NO2、CN、CF3、CH3、CO2H、CO2CH3,、OC(=O)CH3、C(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、NHC(=O)CH3、OC(=O)NH2、NH2、苯基、苯氧基和苯甲酰基;
A为被0-1个OH取代的CH2CH2;和
B选自苯基、吡啶基、和选自下面二式的6元内酯环:
其中苯基、吡啶基和内酯环被0-3个选自OH和甲基的RJa取代;和
r选自1和2。
19.一种药物组合物,其包括药学可接受的载体和治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或者药学可接受的盐。
20.一种用于稳定微管的方法,该方法包括对需要稳定微管的患者投用治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
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