CN1537715A - 塑料构件的超声波焊接方法 - Google Patents

塑料构件的超声波焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN1537715A
CN1537715A CNA200410036833XA CN200410036833A CN1537715A CN 1537715 A CN1537715 A CN 1537715A CN A200410036833X A CNA200410036833X A CN A200410036833XA CN 200410036833 A CN200410036833 A CN 200410036833A CN 1537715 A CN1537715 A CN 1537715A
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pipe
plastics
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S����лĬ
S·蒙谢默
R·格林
H·里斯
G·布鲁尼
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Degussa GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B29C65/645—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force using friction or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B29C66/12842—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments comprising at least three butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1286—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B29C66/12861—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments
    • B29C66/12862—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments comprising at least three bevelled joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1288—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

一种通过超声波焊接将一塑料管子热压焊接至另一个塑料件的方法，该方法包括使用与该管子轴垂直作用的声波，同时待焊区的布置基本上与该管子轴平行，此外，焊接程序与另一个塑料件强行插入该塑料管子以在声音暴露与强行插入之间至少存在某些重叠相结合。

Description

塑料构件的超声波焊接方法
技术领域
本发明的主题是一种使单层或多层的管子与另一塑料件如快速连接器连接起来的方法。
背景技术
已经公开了在管子与塑料件之间的连接，其中，管子扩口套装在塑料件上。在这里，管子被扩大以便容纳塑料件的内接头。随后，管子表现出内接头轮廓(如果有的话)。对这样的连接提出以下要求，即应尽可能防止渗透和泄漏并且要经受得住较大的拉脱力并且抗转动。此外，尤其是在连接油管和快速连接器的情况下，众所周知地使用了所谓的“接合圈”(DE4127039A1)。在扩口套装之前，“接合圈”被装到管子上，并且“接合圈”在扩口套装时也被撑大，结果，拉脱力因附加材料而增大。
尤其是在高温下，如在可能更多地出现在汽车发动机室中的高温下，扩口套装连接能力受损。抗拉脱强度和抗转动性明显减小，结果，有时无法再保证该连接的密封性。在其它应用场合如医用技术设备中，也必须要保证连接的密封性和刚性。
一种解决该问题的方法是如通过热气拉动焊、红外线焊接、导电套筒焊接或通过高频场来焊接两个待连接构件。在塑料工程中最常用的方法就是超声波焊。作为超声波的声波的频率范围是从超过人耳能听到的20kHz频率直到1GHz的频率。在超声波焊中，实际上通过电气方式来实现振荡激励，其中，在发电机中产生电气振荡。通过超声波焊中原则上应用的压电转换器原理，可以效率很高地发电机电功率转换为机械能。因此，从电气振荡中产生了同频率的机械振荡。常用于塑料焊接的超声波频率为15kHz-40KHz，但是，以高出许多的频率来工作(如高达1010kHz)也是可行的。
声换能器(转换器)总是沿纵向振荡，这意味着，传播方向与振荡方向是一致的。转换器通过振幅变换件与被称为超声焊极的导能焊接工具相连。借助超声焊极，纵向波被尽可能地传入待焊工件内。在接合区内，首先通过界面摩擦并然后通过界面摩擦与分子摩擦将声波转变为热。接合区熔化并且由于超声焊极压力而出现熔体流动。从W.Land，Kunststoffe68(1978)4第233-237页中知道了这些方法的例子。但迄今为止，只公开了其中超声焊极的运动与待焊区垂直的装置。如果待焊面具有异型结构，例如在快速连接器的杆上有枝状轴颈结构或橄榄形结构，则不是指该结构的表面，而是指该杆的圆柱形外表面。这种结构的行为就象是能量定向发送器，它造成了起始(触发)区和焊接区有限的能量集中。如果现在将管子焊在快速连接器上，则这两个待焊部件必须绕其轴线旋转一次，以便能产生一道环形焊缝。如果一些元件体积较大，则会出现问题。另外，在焊接作业前，必须使待焊面相互重叠。对管子与快速连接器的焊接来说，这意味着仍然必须象原来那样线进行扩口套装作业。因此，对上述连接来说，使用传统的超声波焊接不是在方法方面的简化，而是一个附加的工序。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是简化已知的连接件超声波焊方法，其中在焊缝坚固性方面不会导致减弱。
通过这样一种通过超声波焊将塑料管子与另一塑料件连接在一起的方法而出人意料地实现了该目的，其中，超声波沿该管子轴线的纵向作用，而一些待焊面基本平行于该管子轴线地安置，而且焊接过程如此与另一塑料件被插入塑料管子内的动作结合，即至少与这种插入动作重叠地并最好是基本上与之同时地施加超声波。
该塑料管子通常用于运输动力燃料、溶剂、油、农作物保护物质等。在一个优选的实施例中，它是汽车管路，尤其是燃油管、冷却剂管路、刹车液管路、液压油管路或风挡清洗装置管路。该管子可以是一层或多层的，目前在技术上可实现七层，其中，多层结构可以因需要阻挡层而产生，该阻挡层阻止燃料成分渗透。但是，尽管一些功能层通常由基于聚酰胺或聚烯烃的模塑材料构成，但该阻挡层由基于物质如聚酯、含氟聚合物或乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物的模塑成分构成。任何一个或许存在的抗静电内层由这样的模塑材料构成，即它通过添加导电成分如导电碳黑或石墨纤维而具有抗静电能力。这些管子是现有技术并且在许多公开物中描述了。它们可以通过传统的挤压或共挤压借助定径管或定径圆盘而制成，或通过使用成型夹板(波纹管搓板)而制成。作为制造相应的单层管或多层管的方法，还知道了吹塑法如抽吸吹塑法或借助挤管操作机构的吹塑法。
要与管子连接的另一塑料件是一个连接件，它例如可以是快速连接器、支管、阀或用于该管子的盖。该部件有至少一个设置用于与该管子连接的内接头。该内接头可以是光滑的构造，但也可以在外表面上具有结构，如在快速连接器情况下具有枝状轴颈结构或橄榄形结构。该塑料件大多由唯一一种材料构成，但也可以由两种以上的不同材料构成，然后如通过多组分注塑法来制成。也可以如由玻璃纤维或碳纤维来加强该物质，或者可以使它抗静电，为此，也可以使用碳纤维，但也可以使用导电碳黑、石墨纤维或任何其它适当的添加剂。为此，该物质完全可以由具有导电能力的材料构成，或者可以在内侧面及/或外侧面上覆有一个导电层。
附图说明
结合图1-图3并以管子与快速连接器的连接为例地来详细说明本发明的方法。
图1表示起始位置。
图2表示在施加超声波时快速连接器被压入管子。
图3表示在焊接过程后超声焊极再次向上移动并且管子的固定装置被解除。
具体实施方式
图1表示起始位置。借助超声波焊接机将快速连接器1略微推入管子2中，然后，开始对快速连接器施加超声波下。在施加超声波的同时，进一步把快速连接器1压入管子2(图2)。在焊接过程后，超声焊极3再次向上移动并且管子的固定装置4解除(图3)。如果肘形连接器具有用于超声焊极的接触面，则也可以用该方法把肘形快速连接器与管子连接起来。在一个改进的配置方式中，超声焊极也可以伸入快速连接器内。在另一实施例中，固定的块体4在面向超声焊极的那侧可以被构造成具有弹性，从而管子的扩宽部可通过弹性壁来支承。
当管子不是象以前那样在其内表面上而是在其外表面上与其它塑料件焊接时，也可以使用本发明的方法。如果多层管子的内表面如因其材料特性而不适用于焊接，则上述情况是必须的。然后，适当的加强待焊管子。例如，这种加强可以由卷边构成，但也可以通过增加壁厚、加肋、使管端成波浪形、加装的或牢固安装的支承套或支承环来实现。
本发明方法的优势在于以下事实，即在这里同时执行两个步骤，即其它塑料件插入以及焊缝的产生。该焊缝同时在四周产生，这意味着，待焊部件不必绕其轴线旋转。本方法的实施不需要新的几何形状，此外，借助在常见频率下的传统超声波焊设备就能做到，即所述频率为15kHz-1010kHz且最好是18kHz-40kHz。

Claims (6)

1、一种通过超声波焊接将塑料管子与另一塑料件连接在一起的方法，其特征在于，超声波沿该管子轴线的纵向作用，而一些待焊面基本平行于该管子轴线地安置，而且焊接过程如此与另一塑料件被插入塑料管子内的动作结合，即至少与这种插入动作重叠地施加超声波。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，基本上与这种插入动作同时地施加超声波。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，该塑料管子是一根多层管子，它包括一个阻挡层和/或一个抗静电地配置的内层。
4、如权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，该塑料管子是一根油管、冷却剂输送管、刹车液管路、液压油管路或风挡清洗装置管路。
5、如权利要求1-4之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的另一塑料件是快速连接器、支管、阀或用于该管子的盖。
6、如权利要求1-5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的另一塑料件由导电材料构成或者在内侧面及/或外侧面上覆有一个导电层。
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