CN1524251A - 病人监视中传感器单元与监视器单元之间的双向通信 - Google Patents

病人监视中传感器单元与监视器单元之间的双向通信 Download PDF

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CN1524251A
CN1524251A CNA028103386A CN02810338A CN1524251A CN 1524251 A CN1524251 A CN 1524251A CN A028103386 A CNA028103386 A CN A028103386A CN 02810338 A CN02810338 A CN 02810338A CN 1524251 A CN1524251 A CN 1524251A
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P・N・埃格斯
P·N·埃格斯
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Cardionet LLC
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    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/009Signalling of the alarm condition to a substation whose identity is signalled to a central station, e.g. relaying alarm signals in order to extend communication range
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems

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Abstract

一种监视系统包括一个远程监视单元,其具有传感器单元,该传感器单元与监视器单元进行双向无线通信。信息在传感器单元与监视器单元之间双向发送。监视器单元可通知传感器单元以下信息:发送的信息出错;这两个单元之间的距离变得太远;发送信号强度可被改变;干扰要求改变发送频率;或要求病人注意监视器单元。

Description

病人监视中传感器单元与监视器单元之间的双向通信
本发明涉及病人监视系统,尤其是与传感器单元和监视器单元之间双向通信的使用有关。
背景技术
传感器技术、电子学和通信技术的提高,使病人即使是在不卧床、也不与医院监视系统有持续的直接的联系时,都可能对病人的生理特征进行监视。例如,美国第5,959,529号专利描述了一个具有远程监视单元的监视系统,其中监视器单元收到与病人关联的传感器输出的信息。传感器单元与监视器单元之间最好是通过无线通信的途径连接。根据病人的医疗问题,诸如心跳及其波形,远程监视单元对病人的一个或多个生理特征进行监视。在可选择的条件下,远程监视单元与中央单元进行通信,为中央单元提供数据,从中央单元接收程序、指令和医疗指示。
虽然美国第5,959,529号专利所描述的监视系统和其它监视系统已具有可操作性,但也提供了改进和优化系统性能的机会。本发明为远程病人监视系统进行了改进和优化。
发明内容
本发明提供了监视系统及其使用方法。监视系统保留了具有传感器单元和监视器单元的远程监视单元的基本架构,其反过来也可与中央单元进行通信。系统性能使传感器单元和监视器单元之间的通信功能得到改进。
根据本发明,监视系统包括一个具有传感器单元的远程监视单元,远程监视单元包括一个具有传感器输出的传感器、一个可接收传感器输出的传感器双向本地收发器、与传感器单元双向本地收发器通信的传感器单元处理器。远程监视单元还包括一个具有监视器单元双向收发器的监视器单元,用以支持与传感器双向本地收发器进行双向无线通信;与监视器单元双向收发器通信的监视器单元处理器;以及与监视器单元处理器通信的监视器单元双向远程收发器。监视系统还可包括一个具有中央单元双向远程收发器的中央单元,其支持与监视器单元双向远程收发器进行双向通信;以及与中央单元双向远程收发器通信的中央单元处理器。
监视系统的一个主要特征是,它在传感器单元和监视器单元之间双向传输信息。一般来说,传感器单元看作是只有一个发送器,向监视器单元发出信息。然而,传感器单元和监视器单元的双向通信导致系统性能上的显著改进和用户便利。
例如,传感器单元向监视器单元传输的信息一些时候可能会出错,错误检测技术可被监视器单元使用。当信息出错时,监视器单元向传感器单元发出一个重新发送(retransmit)信号,传感器单元可向监视器单元重新发出信息,直到监视器单元收到未出错的信息为止。
另一种情况是,监视器单元确定传感器单元向监视器单元传输信息的信号强度。当病人偏离监视器单元太远时,监视器单元则向传感器单元发出距离告警信号。监视器单元也可向传感器单元发出表明信号强度的信号,这样传感器单元可按照所处环境的要求调整输出功率,这使得电池能量的消耗不会超过必要的限度。
在另一种情形下,传感器单元以第一频率向监视器单元传输信息,监视器单元确定该信号是否受到相关频率干扰的不利影响。当信息受到相关频率干扰的不利影响时,监视器单元向传感器单元发出一个频率改变的信号至传感器单元,这样,传感器单元以第二频率向监视器单元发出进一步的信息。
监视器单元也可向传感器单元发出告警信号,告知病人采取行动,如更换电池、查看信息、访问监视器单元,等等。
这样,采用本方法的传感器单元不再仅仅是一个简单的传输设备,用来感测生理或其它状况,把感测的值转化为电子信号,并向监视器单元传输电子信号。相反,监视器单元收到的信息的质量以及本地收发器系统的性能可通过通信控制传回传感器系统,并通过传感器单元可把其他信息传给病人。
从后文对优选实施例更详细的描述可以看出,本发明具有其他的特点和优势,通过例子的形式,结合附图,阐明发明的原理。然而,本发明的范围并不限于这一实施例。
附图说明
图1是一个监视系统的方框图;和
图2-6是利用监视系统中传感器单元与监视器单元之间的双向通信能力的方法的方框流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是监视系统20的方框图。监视系统20包括一个远程监视单元22和一个中央单元24。远程监视单元22包括传感器单元26和监视器单元28。传感器单元26通常携带在病人的身上,对病人或与病人有关的情况进行监视。监视器单元28位于距离病人适当的位置。例如,监视器单元28可以皮带卡夹携带寻呼器的方式带在病人身上,也可当病人在房间走动时放在病人的房间里。传感器单元26和监视器单元28通过连续的无线通信连接在一起。中央单元24典型地包括一台专用计算机、一台文件服务器或网络连接。中央单元24通常服务于分配给不同病人的多台远程监视单元22,通过无线或有线的通信连接或通过因特网与每台远程监视单元22保持选择性的周期性的通信联系。
传感器单元26包括一个传感器30,有些时候包括多个传感器30。传感器30只执行感测功能,对其他仪器没有控制功能,可操作的传感器30的实例包括一个心脏监视传感器、一个血压监视传感器、一个温度监视传感器、一个呼吸传感器、一个脑电波传感器、一个血液化学传感器如血糖传感器或血液氧含量传感器、一个病人位置传感器、以及一个病人活动传感器。已有技术的各种类型的传感器、构造以及操作的细节并不构成本专利的一部分。
每个传感器30的传感器输出32被提供给传感器单元处理器34,传感器单元处理器34典型地包括一个微处理器,其可包括必要的与传感器30有关的电子器件,如信号调节器、模拟数字转换器,等等。传感器单元处理器34还包括一个病人告警设备、音频收发器等的音频通信设备、以及其他设备。传感器单元26进一步包括一个传感器双向本地收发器36的终端,用以与传感器单元处理器34通信,直接或通过传感器单元处理器34接收传感器输出32。传感器单元处理器34也还可具有带有麦克风和/或话筒的单向或双向音频功能,这时,传感器双向本地收发器36支持语音通信和数据通信。
监视器单元28包括一个监视器单元双向本地收发器38,用以支持与传感器双向本地收发器36进行双向无线通信,无线通信连接40表明了这一点。双向本地收发器36和38这两个设备最好是相对低功率的无线电频率收发器。在使用目前已有技术的优选例子中,两个双向本地收发器36和38是德州仪器公司的TRF 6900A收发器,其操作在902MHZ到928MHZ的ISM频带内,以可控的功率等级进行工作,最高可达4毫瓦。这些收发器典型地覆盖10到100米的范围,因此被称为“本地收发器”。其范围受限于它们实际的最大功率消耗,其功率典型地是由传感器单元26和监视器单元28上各自的电池(未标出)供给的。
在传统的使用中,传感器单元26与监视器28之间的通信,是从传感器单元26到监视器单元28的单向通信,记住,传感器单元30只执行其感测功能,对其他装置没有控制功能。在传统的使用中,没有理由进行从监视器单元28到传感器单元26的通信。本发明使用传感器进行双向通信,双向通信的使用提供了重要的特点和实用功能,其优化监视系统20的操作,与传统的单向通信方式相比,提供了惊奇的、出人意料的优势。随后将讨论通过双向通信而实现的这些方法。
监视器单元28进一步包括,与监视器单元双向本地收发器38通信的监视器单元处理器42。监视器单元处理器42典型地包括一个微处理器。监视器单元双向远程收发器44与监视器单元处理器42进行通信。
中央单元24包括一个中央单元双向远程收发器46,用以支持与监视器单元双向远程收发器44通信。远程收发器44和46可以是任何可操作的类型。在优选实施例中,远程收发器44和46有选择地连接两个(或多个)不同的通信连接。远程收发器44和46可通过蜂窝电话系统48连接,在紧急时或其它例行性的通信中进行无线通信。这种通信方式下,监视器单元双向远程收发器44典型地是通过拨号无线通信连接50连接到蜂窝电话系统48,中央单元双向远程收发器46典型地是通过有线连接52连接到蜂窝电话系统48(中央单元双向远程收发器46与蜂窝电话系统48之间的连接也可是通过一个拨号无线通信连接。通过有线或无线连接的,基于因特网的通信在方便时也可使用。因特网连接可使用媒介中任何现有的高速通信能力)。
远程收发器44和46之间的第二种通信连接,是通过传统的电话线路系统执行例行通信的有线连接54。监视器单元28最好是被构造成通过连接器60连接到基站58进行通信。基站58最好包括一个接收监视器单元28的支架(cradle)。当监视器单元28放在支架上时,匹配上连接器60,并电连接到监视器单元28上。基站58包括调制解调器62,通过连接器60与监视器单元28相连,提供双向通信,与中央单元双向远程收发器46进行有线通信54。基站58还包括一个充电单元64和适当的连接器,在监视器单元28连接到基站58时,对监视器单元28的可充电电池进行充电。为和监视器单元28进行本地通信,基站58可选择地被提供有接口/通信连接65,如RS232连接器或通用串行总线,连接到一个独立的可选的计算机66。如果有的话,计算机66可通过一个独立的通信线路67,如一条有线电话线路,连接到中央单元双向远程收发器46。
这一架构中,如果可能,优选使用通过基站58和有线连接54的通信连接。然而,当不能接入传统的电话系统时,监视器单元28可使用蜂窝电话系统48的通信连接。这种蜂窝电话设备允许监视器单元28是便携式的,可使得病人在蜂窝电话系统的服务区域内自由走动。本系统与其他类型的远程通信连接兼容,如海事通信连接、卫星通信连接、以及目前已有的或将来开发的其他通信技术。
中央单元24进一步包括一个与中央单元双向远程收发器46通信连接的中央单元处理器56。中央单元处理器56典型地包括一个微处理器、医务人员的接口和数据库。
监视系统20多个部分的进一步细节可参见美国第5,959,529号专利,其全部公开以参考的方式并入此处。
图2-6是一些方框图,说明利用双向本地收发器36和38双向通信能力的事例。双向通信能力的利用也可表现在其它实例中,本发明的使用并不局限于有关图2-6所讨论的事例。
先看图2,数字70表示,传感器单元26使用通信连接40通过双向本地收发器36和38向监视器单元28传送信息。这种信息典型地是来自传感器输出32的病人数据,也可是其它信息。这些信息通常是以数据包的形式传输。有时传输的数据可能出现某种形式的错误,如丢失数据比特。数字72表示,监视器单元28利用适当的技术判断数据是否出错,如校验和、循环冗余校验、或前传(forward)错误校正和校验。数字74表示,当在步骤72中确定信息出错时,监视器单元28向传感器单元26发出重新发送信号,数字76表示,传感器单元26向监视器单元28重新发送同样的信息。
参考图3,其表示另外的应用方式,传感器单元26向监视器单元28传输信息,这是数字80表示的内容。数字82表示,监视器单元28确定信息的信号强度。该确定过程优选通过评估信息的标准部分的幅度来进行,该信息是为该目的而提供的,要么通过模拟仪器或以数字方式实现。当信号强度太低时,表明在当前条件下,传感器单元26与监视器单元28之间的物理距离太远,监视器单元28向传感器单元26发出一个距离告警信号,这是数字84表示的内容。传感器单元26通知病人不应偏离监视器单元28太远或检查电池。可选择的是,监视器单元28也可通知中央单元24,病人超过了传感器单元26和监视器单元28之间的许可距离,这样,中央单元24可单独与病人联系。
图3中的方法也可应用于判断传感器单元26的电池放电是否达到其不能支持后续传输的低水平。在该变化过程中,传感器单元发送电池电压或电池充电状态的其它指令于步骤80。数字82表示,对发送的信息进行评估。数字84表明,如果电池放电到一个不适当的低水平,病人可更换电池或对电池充电。
即使电池不放电,对传感器双向本地收发器36的运行状态进行调节,使其发送功率的等级处于合适的水平,而不是超过必须的功率水平,以保存电池的电量是可取的。参考图4,其表示该应用方式,数字90表示,传感器单元26以传感器双向本地收发器36的第一输出功率向监视器单元28传输信息。数字92表示,监视器单元28使用与步骤82中相同的方法来判断传输信息的信号强度。监视器单元28因此可调节传感器双向本地收发器36的输出功率为第二个输出功率,这是数字96的内容(这一应用也可向相反的方向进行,其中监视器单元28以第一输出功率向传感器单元26传输信息,传感器单元26确定传输信息的信号强度,传感器单元26向监视器单元28发出一个信号强度信号,监视器单元28调节监视器单元双向本地收发器38的输出功率。)。功率输出的调节,对于保存传感器单元26和监视器单元28的电池电量是重要的。这些单元典型地是体积小,电池容量较小,调节功率输出有助于延长电池的寿命。调节功率输出可在需要时增加功率的输出,或者减少功率的输出,使信号强度正好满足接收单元的要求。
参考图5,其表示另一种应用方式,数字100表示,传感器单元26以一个第一频率向监视器单元28传输信息。数字102表示,监视器单元28判断传输的信号是否受到频率相关干扰的不利影响。这是因为多种类型的无线电频率干扰是频率相关的,因此,它们在一些频率上影响传输,而在另一些频率上不影响传输。相关频率干扰的性质,由监视器28通过现有技术,如注意到在不同频率上传输数据的错误,和通过在非预期的时间接收数据来判断。数字104表示,在确定了频率相关干扰的性质和潜在的不受干扰的频率后,监视器单元28向传感器单元26发出频率改变信号。数字106表示,传感器单元26改变传感器双向本地收发器36的传输频率,传感器单元26以第二频率向监视器28传输进一步的信息。进一步的信息可以是在第一频率上受到干扰后重新发送的信息,也可以是其后的信息,或二者都有。在第二频率上如果仍受到干扰,造成故障,还可重复这个过程。
参考图6,其表示另一种应用方式,数字110表示,传感器单元26向监视器28发送信息。数字112表示,监视器28向传感器单元26发送告警信号。告警信号可以对步骤110中传输信息响应而产生,或对其它信息源响应。告警信号可要求病人走近监视器单元,可要求病人与中央单元24联系,或要求病人采取多种可能行动中的一种,如更换传感器单元的电池。
由于本地收发器36和38之间的双向通信功能,使得图2-6中的各种应用方式成为可能。这些应用方式可单独进行,或彼此结合,或与其它双向功能结合进行。
虽然为了说明的目的,这里详细描述了本发明的一个特定的实施例,但在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以作出多种的变化和改进。因此,除了所附的权利要求,本发明的范围并不受到限制。

Claims (13)

1.一种监视病人的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供一个监视系统,其包括:
    一个远程监视单元,其包括:
      一个传感器单元,其包括:
        一个具有传感器输出的传感器
        一个接收传感器输出的传感器双向本地收发器,和
        一个与传感器单元双向本地收发器通信的传感器单元
    处理器,和
      一个监视器单元,其包括:
        一个监视器单元双向本地收发器,其支持与传感器双
    向本地收发器进行双向无线通信,
        一个监视器单元处理器,其与监视器单元双向本地收
    发器通信,和
        一个监视器单元双向远程收发器,其与监视器单元处
    理器通信;以及
在传感器单元和监视器单元之间双向发送信息。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中发送步骤包括下列步骤:
传感器单元向监视器单元发送信息,
监视器单元判断信息是否出错,和
当信息出错时,监视器单元向传感器单元发送重新发送信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中监视器单元发送步骤之后,还包括其它步骤,
传感器单元向监视器单元重新发送信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中发送步骤包括下列步骤:
传感器单元向监视器单元发送信息,
监视器单元判断信息的信号强度,和
监视器单元向传感器单元发送距离告警信号。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中发送步骤包括下列步骤:
传感器单元以第一功率输出向监视器单元发送信息,
监视器单元判断信息的信号强度,和
监视器单元向传感器单元发送信号强度信号。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,在监视器单元发送步骤后,还包括其它步骤,
传感器单元调节功率输出为第二功率输出。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中发送步骤包括下列步骤:
传感器单元以第一频率向监视器单元发送信息,
监视器单元判断信号是否受到频率相关的干扰的不利影响,
当信息受到频率相关的干扰的不利影响时,监视器单元向传感器单元发送一个频率改变信号。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,在监视器单元发送步骤之后,还包括其它步骤:
传感器单元以第二频率向监视器单元发送进一步的信息。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中发送步骤包括下列步骤:
传感器单元向监视器单元发送信息,和
监视器单元向传感器单元发送告警信号。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中提供监视系统的步骤进一步包括:
提供一个中央单元,其包括:
    一个支持与监视器单元双向远程收发器进行双向通信的中央单元双向远程收发器,和
    一个与中央单元双向远程收发器通信的中央单元处理器。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中对病人的监视方法进一步包括:
监视器单元与中央单元之间双向发送信息。
12.一种监视系统,其包括:
一个远程监视单元,其包括:
      一个传感器单元,其包括:
        一个具有传感器输出的传感器
        一个接收传感器输出的传感器双向本地收发器,和
        一个与传感器单元双向本地收发器通信的传感器单元
    处理器;和
    一个监视器单元,其包括:
        一个监视器单元双向本地收发器,其支持与传感器双向本地收发器进行双向无线通信,
        一个监视器单元处理器,其与监视器单元双向本地收发器通信,以及
        一个监视器单元双向远程收发器,其与监视器单元处理器通信。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中监视系统进一步包括:
一个中央单元,其包括:
    一个中央单元双向远程收发器,其支持与监视器单元双向远程收发器进行双向通信,和
    一个中央单元处理器,其与中央单元双向远程收发器通信。
CNA028103386A 2001-04-23 2002-04-22 病人监视中传感器单元与监视器单元之间的双向通信 Pending CN1524251A (zh)

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US09/841,134 US6801137B2 (en) 2001-04-23 2001-04-23 Bidirectional communication between a sensor unit and a monitor unit in patient monitoring

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