CN1524022A - 难熔金属氧化物的金属热还原 - Google Patents
难熔金属氧化物的金属热还原 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1524022A CN1524022A CNA01823433XA CN01823433A CN1524022A CN 1524022 A CN1524022 A CN 1524022A CN A01823433X A CNA01823433X A CN A01823433XA CN 01823433 A CN01823433 A CN 01823433A CN 1524022 A CN1524022 A CN 1524022A
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
- oxide
- valve
- use metal
- refractory metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 67
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 157
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 metal oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 4
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 30
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 29
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum Chemical compound [Ta+5] WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910002593 Fe-Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZYTNDGXGVOZJBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound [Nb].[Nb].[Nb] ZYTNDGXGVOZJBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003482 tantalum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
- H01G9/0525—Powder therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/043—Titanium sub-oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/02—Oxides
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G33/00—Compounds of niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/02—Oxides or hydrates thereof
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
- C01G39/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
- C01G41/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
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- C01P2006/17—Pore diameter distribution
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- C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
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- C01P2006/34—Melting temperatures
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- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
序号 | 氧化物 | ΔH25℃(千卡/摩尔氧化物) | 绝热温度(℃) |
1 | Ta2O5 | -229 | 2832 |
2 | Nb2O5 | -264 | 2832 |
3 | NbO2 | -97 | 2798 |
4 | NbO | -43 | 2241 |
5 | Cr2O3 | -158 | 2708 |
6 | WO3 | -230 | 3437 |
7 | V2O5 | -348 | 2990 |
8 | MoO3 | -253 | 3813 |
9 | MoO2 | -147 | 2946 |
10 | ZrO2 | -25 | 862 |
氧化物 | 熔点℃ |
Nb2O5 | 1512 |
Ta2O5 | 1785 |
NbO2 | 1902 |
NbO | 1937 |
金属 | 熔点(℃) | 沸点(℃) |
Ca | 839 | 1483 |
Al | 660 | 2467 |
Mg | 650 | 1105 |
实施例(#) | 进料速率(kg/hr) | 反应区温度(℃) | 氧(%) | 表面积(m2/gm) | 堆积密度(gm/in3) | 还原率(%) |
4 | 5 | 1150 | 6.1 | 8 | 20 | 78 |
5 | 14 | 1390 | 5.8 | 11 | 18 | 86 |
6 | 17 | 1650 | 5.3 | 9 | 20 | 85 |
7 | 20 | 1780 | 4.8 | 10 | 17 | 88 |
8 | 29 | 2120 | 9.5 | 6 | 27 | 54 |
实施例# | D90(μ) | D50(μ) | D10(μ) | 表面积(m2/gm) |
4 | 118 | 33 | 8 | 0.36 |
5 | 171 | 30 | 5 | 0.48 |
6 | 252 | 50 | 8 | 0.32 |
7 | 170 | 27 | 5 | 0.48 |
8 | 225 | 47 | 6 | 0.44 |
批量还原 | 61 | 29 | 13 | 0.28 |
钠还原 | 435 | 180 | 16 | 0.25 |
实施例# | 还原类型 | 进料速率(kg/hr) | APD(0)(μ) | APD(30)(μ) | APD(50)(μ) | %变化0V-30V | %变化0V-50V |
10 | 连续 | 4 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 17 | 21 |
11 | 连续 | 9 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 9 | 16 |
12 | 批量 | - | 0.34 | 0.25 | 26 | ||
13 | 钠 | - | 0.39 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 46 | 54 |
实施例# | 湿电容(μF) | 固体电容(μF) | CC(%) | CR(%) | CR(%) | ESR(欧姆) | ESR(欧姆) | ||
0V | 0V | 0V | 0V | 30V | 50V | 30V | 50V | ||
10 | 97 | 96 | 97 | 22 | 59 | 60 | 62 | 1.9 | 4.2 |
11 | 30 | 82 | 10 | 75 | 57 | 95 | 96 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
12 | 14 | 37 | 88 | 44 | 63 | 75 | 61 | 1.1 | 3.6 |
13 | 46 | 06 | 26 | 4 | 72 | 42 | 31 | 2.9 | 9.0 |
实施例# | 进料速率(kg/hr) | Cr(ppm) | Fe(ppm) | Ni(ppm) | K(ppm) | Na(ppm) |
4 | 5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <10 | <1 |
5 | 14 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <10 | <1 |
6 | 17 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <10 | <1 |
7 | 20 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <10 | <1 |
8 | 29 | <5 | <5 | <5 | <10 | <1 |
钠还原的 | 10 | 5 | 30 | 35 | 2 |
Claims (49)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/849,717 US6849104B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2001-05-04 | Metalothermic reduction of refractory metal oxides |
US09/849,717 | 2001-05-04 |
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CN2005100879378A Division CN1853830B (zh) | 2001-05-04 | 2001-10-11 | 一种高纯钽粉末以及含有该粉末的丸粒和电容器 |
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CN1524022A true CN1524022A (zh) | 2004-08-25 |
CN1304151C CN1304151C (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
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CNB01823433XA Expired - Lifetime CN1304151C (zh) | 2001-05-04 | 2001-10-11 | 难熔金属氧化物的金属热还原 |
CN2005100879378A Expired - Lifetime CN1853830B (zh) | 2001-05-04 | 2001-10-11 | 一种高纯钽粉末以及含有该粉末的丸粒和电容器 |
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EP (1) | EP1390172B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4690638B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR100957248B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1304151C (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2001296793B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0117002B1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ307638B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60138228D1 (zh) |
IL (3) | IL158531A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA03010043A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1390172E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2302928C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002090024A1 (zh) |
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CN102294472A (zh) * | 2004-10-08 | 2011-12-28 | H.C.施塔克股份有限公司 | 制备电子管金属粉末的方法 |
CN104096847A (zh) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-15 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种低氧、大尺寸高纯铪粉的制备方法 |
CN106006743A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 上海应用技术学院 | 一种正交相黑色wo3的制备方法 |
CN106830065A (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 攀枝花学院 | 制备Magnéli相低价钛氧化物的方法 |
CN108624782A (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 江苏展钛科技有限公司 | 一种制备生物钛合金的方法 |
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US6849104B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2005-02-01 | H. C. Starck Inc. | Metalothermic reduction of refractory metal oxides |
DE10307716B4 (de) | 2002-03-12 | 2021-11-18 | Taniobis Gmbh | Ventilmetall-Pulver und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US7655214B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2010-02-02 | Cabot Corporation | Phase formation of oxygen reduced valve metal oxides and granulation methods |
WO2005077573A1 (ja) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-25 | Cabot Supermetals K.K. | バルブ金属の製造方法 |
GB2414729A (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-07 | Atraverda Ltd | Method of producing sub-oxides with a substantially moisture free gas |
US7354472B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2008-04-08 | H.C. Starck Inc. | Metalothermic reduction of refractory metal oxides |
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2001
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CN102294472A (zh) * | 2004-10-08 | 2011-12-28 | H.C.施塔克股份有限公司 | 制备电子管金属粉末的方法 |
CN102294472B (zh) * | 2004-10-08 | 2015-09-30 | H.C.施塔克股份有限公司 | 制备电子管金属粉末的方法 |
CN104096847A (zh) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-15 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种低氧、大尺寸高纯铪粉的制备方法 |
CN106006743A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 上海应用技术学院 | 一种正交相黑色wo3的制备方法 |
CN106830065A (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 攀枝花学院 | 制备Magnéli相低价钛氧化物的方法 |
CN108624782A (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 江苏展钛科技有限公司 | 一种制备生物钛合金的方法 |
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CZ307638B6 (cs) | 2019-01-30 |
EP1390172A4 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
IL158531A0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
RU2302928C2 (ru) | 2007-07-20 |
PT1390172E (pt) | 2009-04-14 |
KR20040007526A (ko) | 2004-01-24 |
BR0117002B1 (pt) | 2012-06-26 |
IL158531A (en) | 2010-04-15 |
KR20080104202A (ko) | 2008-12-01 |
CN1853830A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
WO2002090024A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
BR0117002A (pt) | 2004-04-20 |
AU2008246253B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
EP1390172A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
RU2003135425A (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
CN1853830B (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
JP2004531646A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
AU2001296793B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
CN1304151C (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
JP4690638B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
KR100957248B1 (ko) | 2010-05-12 |
DE60138228D1 (de) | 2009-05-14 |
EP1390172B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
MXPA03010043A (es) | 2004-12-06 |
AU2008246253A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
IL198900A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CZ20032981A3 (cs) | 2004-04-14 |
KR100893415B1 (ko) | 2009-04-17 |
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