CN1506189A - 多轴加工中心 - Google Patents

多轴加工中心 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1506189A
CN1506189A CNA031277667A CN03127766A CN1506189A CN 1506189 A CN1506189 A CN 1506189A CN A031277667 A CNA031277667 A CN A031277667A CN 03127766 A CN03127766 A CN 03127766A CN 1506189 A CN1506189 A CN 1506189A
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China
Prior art keywords
machining center
district
plant
processing unit
clamping
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Inventor
诺伯特・黑斯布吕根
诺伯特·黑斯布吕根
・瓦尔茨
于尔根·瓦尔茨
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EMAG MACHINE BUILDING WORKS GmbH
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EMAG MACHINE BUILDING WORKS GmbH
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Publication of CN1506189A publication Critical patent/CN1506189A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B23Q39/022Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder
    • B23Q39/024Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder consecutive working of toolheads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/012Portals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/623Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15726Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15733Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged in the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1702Rotating work machine tool [e.g., screw machine, lathe, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1705Tool support comprises rotary spindle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种机床,特别是自上料的加工中心,它带有多个加工单元和一用来加快工件加工的自动换刀装置。其中带有用于工件的装夹区的输送装置和带有用于加工单元的换刀位置的刀库设置在紧靠加工装置的附近。用这种方法使用于工件和刀具更换的移动路程的总和大大缩短。由此可以实现加工工件时可观的时间节省。

Description

多轴加工中心
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机床,特别是具有多个加工单元和一个自动换刀装置的自上料(selbstladend)加工中心。
背景技术
例如在EP0806998B1中介绍了一种这一类型的带有两个可驱动的加工主轴的加工中心。其中加工主轴可平行于其回转中心水平地设置。此外每个加工主轴可沿垂直方向移动。工件加工通过交替使用两个加工主轴进行。为了换刀加工主轴移动到刀库后面,以便通过简单的前移接收位于换刀位置的刀具。为了便于装刀,设置在高处的刀库可以绕一回转轴转到较低的位置。由于结构关系在工件支架和刀库之间必须设有足够大的空间,从而也可以加工较大的工件。因此对于换刀所需要的加工主轴的垂直运动取决于最大的待加工工件的高度。由此在加工较小的工件时加长了换刀所需要的时间,这在短的工步时特别不利。
由EP0767721B1已知另一种带有多个加工单元的升降台式的加工中心。为了缩短辅助时间工件借助于夹紧装置固定在一托盘上,并由一工件架定位。但是对于用于两个加工单元的装刀的刀库的结构则未曾披露。此外,由于升降台式结构和工件主轴的单边导向,机床的刚性受到不利的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,对于这种类型的加工中心缩短工件加工的循环时间。
这个目的通过按权利要求1的加工中心实现。
本发明从这样的认识出发,即,用于工件加工的时间可以通过这样的方法有利地缩短:不管是带有工件安装区的输送装置还是刀库连同加工单元的换刀位置,都设置在紧靠加工装置的附近。用这种方法可以明显缩短用于工件和刀具更换的行程,由此在加工工件时可以显著地节省时间。
在按本发明的加工中心中,设有一个输送装置、一装夹装置和至少两个加工装置,工件先后输送给这两个装置。由一带卡盘的工件主轴组成的装夹装置安装在一十字滑鞍上。工件主轴按拾取原理(Pick-up-Prinzip)工作,并可绕一尤其是垂直于十字滑鞍的两个运动方向的回转轴(c)回转。
为了加工工件,设有在加工中心内常用的刀具,例如用于车削、铣削、钻削、磨削等等的刀具。刀具储备在刀库内,并借助于换刀装置换到相应的加工装置上。
在本发明一种优良的结构中,在刀库内设有一环形链条,它在换刀区内在非常靠近两个加工装置的地方走过。为了换刀,相应的加工装置运动到换刀区内。在那里,换刀装置,尤其是双机械手(Doppelgreifer),抓住两把待换出和换入的刀具并相互交换。按照一种特别优良的结构,加工装置沿平行于其回转中心的方向运动。这里所要求的移动距离不再取决于待加工的最大工件的长度,并可相对于现有技术明显地缩短。
按照本发明的另一种结构,每个加工装置配设一单独的刀库。尤其是设置轮状刀库,它们平行于其旋转中心地设置在加工装置侧面旁边。通过这样的方法可以达到特别节省位置的布局,即,为了换刀,一回转装置将从刀库中取出的刀具回转90°,换刀装置,尤其是双机械手,将加工装置上的刀具与在回转装置中准备的刀具相互交换。
在按本发明的加工中心中,工件的输送装置在加工装置的侧面邻近的空间内移动。由此得到工件非常短的输送路程。因为两个加工装置紧密地相互并排设置,对于整个加工循环就得到了极短的移动路程。此外两个加工装置轮流使用,亦即在一个加工装置加工工件时,在更换区内的加工装置可以安装新的工件。因此用按本发明的加工中心可以优化不进行加工的辅助时间,并在最短的循环时间之内在一个工件上先后进行多道不同的加工工序。
附图说明
下面借助于附图较详细地说明本发明。
图1表示本发明加工中心的一个示意横截面,
图2表示加工中心的一个纵剖视,
图3表示加工中心的一种变型方案。
具体实施方式
图1表示加工中心的横截面。画出一带导轨2和2′的基体1。十字滑鞍3可沿导轨2、2′运动。十字滑鞍3上有一导轨7,带有工件主轴5的装夹装置8在此导轨上移动。十字滑鞍3和工件主轴5可借助于未画出的驱动装置,例如直线驱动装置沿其导轨运动,在工件主轴5的下端上有一卡盘9,它适于用来抓取和夹紧工件10。工件主轴5可绕回转轴线c旋转。带刀具17的加工单元16可从加工区13移动到换刀区20。在带换刀位置6的换刀区20内基体1通过一支承元件4扩张。换刀区20可通过一防尘器22屏蔽来自加工区13的污染。为了加工工件10,在刀库14中储备许多在加工中心中常见的工步如车、铣、钻、螺纹加工、锪孔、磨等等用的不同刀具。输送装置11用来输送工件10。它将未加工的工件输送到装夹区12内,并将加工好的工件从输出区中输出,其中装夹区和输出区最好合二为一。
图2表示加工中心的一纵剖面。加工循环从输送装置11在装夹区12内取下一工件10开始。装夹单元将工件输送到加工区13。在那里工件首先到达加工单元15的作用区,并通过装夹装置8和加工装置16之间的相对运动由刀具17进行加工。其中装夹装置8尤其是沿导轨2、2′和/或7执行进给运动,进刀运动通过加工装置沿导轨19的移动进行。按图2,加工装置16处于换刀位置。换刀装置21,尤其是双机械手,抓取刀具18,并用来自刀库14的另一刀具与它交换。在成功地换刀后和加工工步通过加工装置15结束后装夹装置8将工件10移动到加工装置16的作用区。进行类似的加工。在在加工装置15中成功地换刀以后和通过加工单元16完成加工工步后装夹装置8将工件10送回加工装置15的作用区。工件10用这种方法交替地在两个加工装置内加工,直至完成所有工步。接着在输出区内将工件放在输送装置11上。
图3表示一种变型的加工中心的纵剖视。加工装置15和16设置在支承元件4的相对的两侧。对于两个加工装置中的每一个单独设一轮状刀库14、14′,它们平行于其旋转轴线地设置在加工装置15和16的侧两近旁。为了换刀未画出的回转装置将从刀库中取出的刀具24回转90°,双机械手21将加工装置16的刀具18与在回转装置内准备好的刀具24交换。
按照一种优良的结构,加工装置15、16由直线驱动装置23带动,它们安装在导轨19之间。
通过装夹区12、加工装置15、16和换刀区20紧凑的空间布局,用于工件和刀具更换的移动路程的总和大大缩短,结合通过加工装置15、16交替地加工工件,可以实现加工循环时间的显著的时间节省。
                   附图标记表
1   基体            2、2′  导轨
3   十字滑鞍        4       支承元件
5   工件主轴        6       换刀位置
7   导轨            8       装夹装置
9   卡盘            10      工件
11  输送装置        12      装夹区
13  加工区          14、14′刀库
15  加工装置        16      加工装置
17  刀具            18      刀具
19  导轨            20      换刀区
21  换刀装置        22      防尘器
23  直线驱动装置    24      刀具
C   回转轴线

Claims (16)

1.用于机械加工工件的加工中心,
a)带一用来装夹来自装夹区(12)的工件(10)的装夹装置(8),
b)带至少两个用来装夹刀具(17、18)的加工装置(15、16),
c)其中装夹装置(8)可沿导轨(2)从装夹区(12)移动到加工区(13),
d)其中装夹装置(8)基本上设置在导轨(2、2′)之间,
e)其中装夹装置(8)和加工装置(15、16)可通过驱动装置相互这样地相对运动,即,使工件(10)到达刀具(17、18)的作用范围内,
f)其中加工装置(15、16)可沿平行于其旋转轴线的运动方向从加工区(13)运动到换刀区(20)。
2.按权利要求1的加工中心,其特征为:用于装夹工件(10)的装夹装置(8)具有一配备卡盘(9)的装夹单元,特别是一工件主轴(5)。
3.按权利要求1或2的加工中心,其特征为:装夹装置(8)可沿尤其是相互垂直布置的导轨(2)和(7)运动。
4.按权利要求3的加工中心,其特征为:工件主轴(5)可绕一尤其是垂直于沿导轨(2)和(7)的运动方向的回转轴线(C)回转。
5.按权利要求3或4的加工中心,其特征为:装夹装置(8)用来实施沿导轨(2和/或7)的方向的进给运动。
6.按权利要求1至5之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:加工装置(15、16)可沿导轨(19)运动,以实施进刀运动。
7.按权利要求6的加工中心,其特征为:有一用来支承导轨(19)的支承元件(4)从换刀区(20)一直延伸到加工区(13)。
8.按权利要求7的加工中心,其特征为:支承元件(4)扭转刚性地和/或一体地与基体连接。
9.按权利要求8的加工中心,其特征为:用于加工装置(15、16)的导轨(19)位于加工区(13)之外。
10.按权利要求6至9之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:加工装置(15、16)在换刀区(20)内可屏蔽来自加工区(13)的污染。
11.按权利要求6至10之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:换刀区(20)和加工区(13)之间的联系通过一防尘器(22)封闭。
12.按权利要求8至11之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:加工装置(15、16)连同其导轨(19)设置在支承元件(4)的相对置的两侧。
13.按权利要求1至12之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:为了更换夹持在加工装置(15、16)内的刀具(17、18),设有至少一个刀库(14)。
14.按权利要求1至13之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:至少两个加工装置(15、16)中的每一个各配设一用来更换刀具(17、18)的刀库(14,14′)。
15.按权利要求13或14的加工中心,其特征为:设有一用来更换夹持在加工装置(15、16)内的刀具(17、18)的换刀装置(21)。
16.按权利要求8至15之任一项的加工中心,其特征为:设有至少一个输送装置(11),它将待加工工件(10)输送到装夹区(12)内,并将加工好的工件从输出区中送出,其中装夹区和输出区可以是同一个。
CNA031277667A 2002-12-10 2003-08-12 多轴加工中心 Pending CN1506189A (zh)

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DE10257533A DE10257533B4 (de) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Bearbeitungszentrum mit mehreren Bearbeitungsvorrichtungen
DE10257533.9 2002-12-10

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US (1) US20040110614A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1439029A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1506189A (zh)
DE (1) DE10257533B4 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN1325759C (zh) * 2005-05-17 2007-07-11 江津增压器厂 一种小型涡轮轴的制造方法
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CN103551603A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 常州源兴数控机床有限公司 数控立式钻床拉刀主轴
CN103551603B (zh) * 2013-11-05 2016-01-06 常州源兴数控机床有限公司 数控立式钻床拉刀主轴

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