CN1501996A - Three-layer knitting fabric - Google Patents

Three-layer knitting fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1501996A
CN1501996A CNA028078802A CN02807880A CN1501996A CN 1501996 A CN1501996 A CN 1501996A CN A028078802 A CNA028078802 A CN A028078802A CN 02807880 A CN02807880 A CN 02807880A CN 1501996 A CN1501996 A CN 1501996A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
knitted layer
yarn
knitted
knit goods
triple
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Pending
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CNA028078802A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
添田刚
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Publication of CN1501996A publication Critical patent/CN1501996A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/021—Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophobic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/022—Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophylic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/02—Underwear

Abstract

A knitted fabric having a triple knit ply structure, and is useful for underwear clothes which need high lightness and warmth, has a front surface knit ply having a yarn knit structure, a back surface knit ply having a yarn knit structure and a binding intermediate knit ply constituted from stitching yarns through which the front and back surface knit plies are tuck-stitched together, the stitching yarns are constituted from hollow fibers (for example, hollow filaments having a percentage of hollowness of 10 to 50%).

Description

Knit goods with triple knitted layer structures
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of knit goods with triple knitted layer structures.Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of knit goods, it have by surperficial knitted layer, the inside knitted layer and be arranged between preceding and the inside layer and connect triple knitted layer structures that middle knitted layer that yarn forms constitutes by hollow yarn knot, be bonded together with the inside knitted layer tuck preceding by middle knitted layer.The knitted fabric that the present invention has triple knitted layer structures is suitable as underwear, and underwear should have good lightness (lightweight characteristic) and good warmth retention property (keeping warm characteristic) must be arranged.
Background technology
In general, known have connect before the yarn tuck access node and the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures that the inside knitted layer is formed with knot, as disclosed by Japanese laid-open patent publication 6-158483-A, good bulkiness, warmth retention property and beautiful outward appearance are arranged, so be widely used as sportswear, for example, the housecoat used of training clothes and children and women.When the knit goods that will have triple knitted layer structures is used as underwear, must further improve warmth retention property and lightness.
Widely used conventional needle woven fabric as underwear is by (for example comprising natural fabric such as cotton fiber or natural fabric and synthetic fiber, polyester or nylon fiber) a kind of combination or regenerated fiber (for example, rayon fiber) or the stocking yarn of semisynthetic fibre (for example, cellulose iii acetate fibre) produce.Be used as in the conventional needle woven fabric of underwear above-mentioned, when needs further improve warmth retention property, surface or the inside napping with knit goods, perhaps the stocking yarn of Shi Yonging is a functional fibre, comprising a kind of material that can absorb far ir ray and/or near infrared ray is mixed into it in polymer that constitutes fiber, perhaps can produce other functional fibres of heat, so that realize improving the warmth retention property of knit goods by the moisture content that absorbs in the atmosphere.But when using the napping operation, the thickness of knit goods can significantly increase.Also have, when using the above-mentioned functions fiber, issuable a kind of shortcoming is that the raising of the warming characteristic of knit goods is unsafty, thereby therefore needs the thickness of increase knit goods to make the quality of the knit goods that obtains become too big.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of knit goods, so it shows good lightness and warmth retention property can be used as knitted garment with triple knitted layer structures.
Can reach above-mentioned purpose by the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures of the present invention.
Knit goods with the triple knitted layer structures of the present invention includes the surperficial knitted layer of yarn knitted structure, connects the middle knitted layer of binding that yarn is formed by the inside knitted layer of yarn knitted structure with by knot, by the latter yarn knitted structure of surperficial knitted layer and the yarn knitted structure tuck access node of the inside knitted layer are in the same place
Knot connects yarn and is made up of doughnut.
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, knot connects preferably polyester multifilament of yarn, and the fiber number of 20-170dtex (dtex) is arranged, and the fiber number of individual thread is 1-10dtex, and individual thread preferably has 10 to 55% degree of hollowness percentage.
The present invention has the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures, preferably has 0.5 thickness and 80 that arrives 1.5mm (millimeter) to arrive 200g/m 2The gross of (gram/square metre).
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, knitted layer preferably has gross 25 to 60g/m in the middle of linking 2
The knit goods that the present invention has triple knitted layer structures preferably has 18% or higher adiabatic efficiency (α).
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, form the preferably bulk polyester multifilament of yarn of surperficial knitted layer, it is 0.1 to 20dtex that the fiber number of 20-17dtex and the fiber number of individual thread are arranged.
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, the yarn of forming the inside knitted layer preferably is made of the fiber of at least a type that is selected from natural fabric, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber and semisynthetic fibre.
The present invention has the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures, and the knitted structure of tubular is preferably arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents to have the illustrative cross-sectional side view of a kind of embodiment of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures,
Fig. 2 is the photo that the present invention has a kind of embodiment cross section of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures,
Fig. 3 be the expression the present invention have triple knitted layer structures a kind of embodiment of knit goods knitting design figure and
Fig. 4 represents to be used to measure the illustrative drawing in side sectional elevation of the dry type Contact Heating equipment of the knit goods adiabatic efficiency α that the present invention has triple knitted layer structures.
The specific embodiment
Knit goods with triple knitted layer structures is to constitute by three layers, yarn is knitted to surface and the inside knitted layer that forms in the knitted layer structure, with connect the binding that yarn forms by knot in the middle of knitted layer by it the yarn knitted structure of surperficial knitted layer and the yarn knitted structure tuck access node of the inside knitted layer are in the same place, forming the knot that links the centre knitted layer, to connect yarn be to be made of doughnut.
In the present invention, every doughnut comprises the hollow space that stretches and the housing parts of annular cross section shape is arranged and surrounded by shell and stretch along the longitudinal axis of doughnut along the longitudinal axis of doughnut.
When the knit goods that will have triple knitted layer structures is made underwear, use the knitted underwear that obtains in the following manner with triple knitted layer structures, the inside knitted layer is exposed in the ambient atmosphere towards skin surface with surperficial knitted layer.In this case, the inside knitted layer under most situations all with user's contact skin, so the high absorption of good warmth retention property and sweat stain and moisture must be arranged and the good feel that contacts must be arranged; The surface knitted layer must have beautiful outward appearance, and outer on the underwear that is added to puts suitable sliding properties; With contact in the middle of knitted layer must have firm tuck access node characteristic, antagonism to be compressed with the characteristic of good maintenance shape and good warmth retention property.
Form by following with reference to figure 1, knit goods 1 with triple knitted layer structures:
(a) be knitted to the surperficial knitted layer 2 that constitutes in the knitted structure by yarn 2a,
(b) by yarn 3a be knitted to the inside knitted layer 3 that constitutes in the knitted structure and
(c) by access node doughnut yarn 4a constitute link in the middle of knitted layer 4, the doughnut yarn with constitute before and the yarn 2a and the 3a tuck access node of the knitted structure of the inside knitted layer 2 and 3 so that be in the same place with the inside knitted layer access node preceding by middle knitted layer 4.
Fig. 2 represents that the present invention has the cross-sectional picture of an embodiment of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures.In Fig. 2, constitute the yarn 2a of surperficial knitted layer 2 knitted structures and the yarn 3a of formation the inside knitted layer 3 knitted structures, connect yarn 4a tuck access node by the knot that links middle knitted layer 4.In Fig. 2, knot meets yarn 4a and is made up of many silks.Each is the silk of hollow, clearly expresses the cross-sectional profile of its hollow in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 represents that the present invention has the knitting design of an embodiment of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures.Among Fig. 3, knitting design (1) and (4) are surperficial knitted layers, and knitting design (2) and (5) are that the inside knitted layer and knitting design (3) and (6) are to link the centre knitted layer.
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, the knot of knitted layer in the middle of being used to link is connect the yarn type without limits.For example, knot connects preferably hollow multifilament of yarn.In this case, preferably, the hollow multifilament has fiber number 20 to 170dtex, more preferably is 20 to 100dtex; Monofilament has fiber number 1 to 10dtex, more preferably is that 2 percentages that arrive 5dtex and degree of hollowness are 10 to 50%, more preferably is 30 to 55%.The degree of hollowness percentage of hollow yarn refers to, and long-pending with single hollow yarn entire cross section is the percentage of the hollow space cross-sectional area of basic single hollow yarn.Knot connect yarn can be comprise hollow core staple fibers (fiber number 1 to 10dtex and degree of hollowness percentage 10 to 55% are preferably arranged) and fiber number is preferably arranged is 20 to arrive the staple fibre yarn of 170dtex.
There is not special restriction to constituting the type of tying the doughnut that connects yarn.Usually, doughnut preferably is selected from the organic fiber of making clothes, for example, and the composite fibre of hollow Polyester Filament, hollow nylon silk, hollow polyester staple fiber, hollow nylon staple fibre and these polymer.In the middle of them, the present invention preferably uses the hollow Polyester Filament.
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, knitted layer preferably has 25-60g/m in the middle of linking 2Gross, more preferably be 30 to 50g/m 2When gross was in above-mentioned scope, the knit goods that the present invention who obtains has triple knitted layer structures showed good warmth retention property and lightness.
The present invention has the surperficial knitted layer of the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures, preferably form by bulky yarn, for example, false twist textured yarn, staple fibre yarn, air flow jetting entwine yarn with comprise two or more types of fibers that shrinkage is mutually different or the yarn of silk.In this case, the knit goods that obtains has good warmth retention property.Also have, in order to improve the feel of knit goods, with yarn tuck access node in order to prevent to connect yarn and form surperficial knitted layer when tying, so that constitute when linking the centre knitted layer, it is undesirable outstanding from the outmost surface of surperficial knitted layer that knot connects yarn, and the yarn of forming surperficial knitted layer preferably has fiber number 20 to 170dtex, more preferably is 50 to 150dtex, the single fiber of yarn preferably has fiber number 0.1 to 20dtex, more preferably is 2 to 5dtex.To the fiber type of forming surperficial knitted layer without limits.For example, can use the fiber of polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, artificial silk, cotton, hair and/or silk or their conjugate fiber as surperficial knitted layer.Among them, preferably adopt polyester fiber.Above-mentioned silvalin preferably is selected from false twist texturized multifilament, more preferably is selected from false twist texturized polyester multifilament.The surface knitted layer preferably has gross 20 to 60g/m 2, more preferably be 30-50g/m 2
Have in the knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, the yarn that constitutes the knitted structure of the inside knitted layer preferably includes and (for example is selected from natural fabric, the fiber of hair and silk), synthetic fiber (for example, the fiber of polyester, nylon and acrylic), regenerated fiber (for example, artificial silk and cuprammonium artificial fibre) and the fiber of at least a type of semisynthetic fibre (for example, cellulose iii acetate fibre).When the knit goods that uses the present invention to have triple knitted layer structures is made clothes, the silvalin of the inside knitted layer preferably is selected from those yarns that show high comfortableness when the user wears clothes, for example, the composite yarn of the yarn of cotton, artificial silk, polyester and nylon and above-mentioned yarn.Can from multifilament and staple fibre yarn, select yarn as the inside knitted layer.Multifilament can be Texturized bulk multifilament.Yarn as the inside knitted layer preferably has fiber number 40 to 300dtex (130 to 20 yam count), more preferably is 70 to 200dtex.The inside knitted layer preferably has gross 30 to 100g/m 2, more preferably be 40-70g/m 2
The present invention had the thickness of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures and gross without limits.Usually, in order to realize two kinds of functions of good warmth retention property and lightness, the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures preferably has thickness 0.5 to 1.5mm (millimeter), more preferably be 0.6 to 0.8mm and gross be 80 to arrive 200g/m 2, more preferably be 110 to 150g/m 2
The knit goods that the present invention has triple knitted layer structures preferably has adiabatic efficiency 18% or higher, more preferably is 20% or higher, and this is determined by following measurement.
With reference to figure 4, during measurement heater 5 (is made by KATOTEC K.K. Corp., large-sized BT-box, model: THERMOLABO II) be put into and control to 20 ℃ of even temperature in the air, in this device, an area of heating surface (be of a size of 10cm * 10cm (centimetre) is only arranged) be exposed in the atmosphere and other surfaces are adiabatic, with the temperature maintenance of the area of heating surface uniform temperature at 65 ℃.To there be the knit goods sample b of size 10cm * 10cm to be put on the area of heating surface.Measure electric power consumption W then, W is that to keep area of heating surface temperature be 65 ℃ of one minute required power.In order to compare, measuring and keep area of heating surface temperature when not having the knit goods sample to be placed on the area of heating surface is 65 ℃ of one minute required electric power consumption W 0
Calculate the adiabatic efficiency α of this knit goods sample according to following equation.
α(％)＝〔(W 0-W 1)/W 0〕×100
Have in the production of knit goods of triple knitted layer structures in the present invention, for example, use round knitting machine, constitute surperficial knitted layer knitted structure yarn and constitute the yarn of the knitted structure of the inside knitted layer, supply to the circular knitter and be knitted in as shown in Figure 3 the knitted structure from the syringe side of machine and dials side respectively, connect yarn with the preceding and knitted structure tuck access node the inside knitted layer with knot simultaneously, link middle knitted layer so that constitute.
Example
To further specify the knit goods that the present invention has triple knitted layer structures by each following example, these examples can not limit category of the present invention by any way.
Example 1
The knit goods that adopts 23G cylinder and dial machine production the present invention to have triple knitted layer structures.
The surface knitted layer is to be made of false twist texturized polyethylene terephthalate multifilament, and yarn count is that 56dtex/36 rhizoid and the inside knitted layer are to be made of cotton staple fibre yarn, and fiber number 98dtex (60 yarn count) is arranged.Knitted layer is that knot that hollow polyethylene terephthalate multifilament is formed connects yarn and constitutes in the middle of linking, the hollow percentage of hollow multifilament be 35% and yarn count be the 40dtex/12 rhizoid.Knitted structure preceding and the inside knitted layer the hollow multifilament tuck access node of access node.Thereby obtain knit goods as shown in FIG. 3 with triple knitted layer structures.List thickness, gross and the adiabatic efficiency α of the knit goods that obtains in the table 1.
The knit goods that obtains has light and handy, good warmth retention property and soft surperficial feel.Do not have to find to have the knot in access node intermediate layer to connect the outside that surperficial knitted layer was given prominence to or be exposed to yarn.So the knit goods that obtains has beautiful outward appearance and high grade.
Comparative example 1
Use with example 1 in identical 2 3G cylinder and dial machine productions a kind of knit goods of having triple knitted layer structures as shown in Figure 3, make surperficial knitted layer with false twist texturized polyethylene terephthalate multifilament, the yarn count of multifilament is the 56dtex/36 rhizoid, with fiber number be the cotton staple fibre yarn of 98dtex (60 yarn count) make the inside knitted layer and with yarn count be the 56dtex/24 rhizoid be not that the polyethylene terephthalate multifilament of hollow connects yarn as the knot that links the centre knitted layer.Table 1 is listed thickness, gross and the adiabatic efficiency of the knit goods that obtains.
The knit goods with triple knitted layer structures of comparative example 1 has and example 1 similar outward appearance, elegance, fiber number and gross, but adiabatic efficiency α is not high enough.
Comparative example 2
Application circular knitter fiber number is the knit goods that the cotton staple fibre yarn production of 147dtex (40 yarn count) has circular rib-loop knitted structure.Table 1 is listed thickness, gross and the adiabatic efficiency α of the knit goods that obtains.
The knit goods that obtains has obviously relatively poor adiabatic efficiency α, and the thickness of the knit goods of Huo Deing and basis weight are than the corresponding data height of example 1 simultaneously.
Table 1
Figure A0280788000081
Industrial Applicability A of the present invention
Knit goods with triple knitted layer structures of the present invention is its thickness and gross table relatively Reveal good warmth retention property, its thickness and warmth retention property show good lightness relatively, so be Proper fabric material as the underwear that needs lightness and warmth retention property.

Claims (8)

1. knit goods with triple knitted layer structures, include the yarn knitted structure surperficial knitted layer, the inside knitted layer of yarn knitted structure is arranged and connects knitted layer in the middle of the binding that yarn forms by knot, by the latter yarn knitted structure of surperficial knitted layer and the yarn knitted structure tuck access node of the inside knitted layer are in the same place
It is to be made of doughnut that this knot connects yarn.
2. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it is polyester multifilament that knot connects yarn, and the fiber number of 20-170dtex (dtex) is arranged, and the fiber number of individual thread is 1-10dtex, and individual thread has the degree of hollowness percentage of 10-55%.
3. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1 has 0.5 to 1.5mm (millimeter) thickness and 80 to 200g/m 2The gross of (gram/square metre).
4. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1, knitted layer has 25 to 60g/m in the middle of it is characterized in that linking 2Gross.
5. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1 has 18% or higher adiabatic efficiency (α).
6. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1, the yarn that it is characterized in that forming surperficial knitted layer is bulk polyester multifilament, it is 0.1 to 20dtex that the fiber number of 20-17dtex and the fiber number of individual thread are arranged.
7. the knit goods with structure of triple knitted layers as claimed in claim 1, the yarn of knitted layer is to be made of at least a fiber that is selected from natural fabric, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber and semisynthetic fibre inside it is characterized in that forming.
8. the knit goods with triple knitted layer structures as claimed in claim 1 has the knitted structure of tubular.
CNA028078802A 2001-02-08 2002-02-08 Three-layer knitting fabric Pending CN1501996A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001031996A JP3880320B2 (en) 2001-02-08 2001-02-08 Underwear made from lightweight heat-insulated knitted fabric
JP31996/2001 2001-02-08

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN1501996A true CN1501996A (en) 2004-06-02

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US (1) US20040060328A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1359238B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3880320B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100821114B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1501996A (en)
DE (1) DE60219284T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2002063082A1 (en)

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CN102482812A (en) * 2009-07-17 2012-05-30 费德罗-莫格尔动力系公司 Tri-layer knit fabric, thermal protective members formed therefrom and methods of construction thereof
CN102943338A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-02-27 上海嘉麟杰纺织品股份有限公司 High-elastic wind shielding knitted fabric
CN103859666A (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 Fabric for knitted jacket
CN104389043A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-03-04 浙江恒逸高新材料有限公司 Warming fiber, and processing method and application thereof
CN106609411A (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-05-03 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 Stereoscopic three-layer knitted fabric
CN105951481A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-09-21 广东职业技术学院 Dyeing technology of bioenergy interwoven knitted fabrics
CN105926145A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-09-07 广东职业技术学院 Bioenergy knitted fabric and knitting method thereof
CN105970458A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-09-28 宁波大千纺织品有限公司 Three-dimensional pattern creasing warm keeping air layer fabric and preparation method thereof
CN105970458B (en) * 2016-07-19 2019-04-02 宁波大千纺织品有限公司 A kind of three-dimensional wrinkle spends warming liner air layer face fabric and preparation method thereof
CN107268163A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-10-20 苏州华德纺织有限公司 Cotton class looped fabric and its method for weaving
CN107988687A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-04 佛山市亨特纺织有限公司 A kind of wired double side weft knitting knitting fabric of viscose
CN109097896A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-28 闽江学院 A kind of weft-knitted air layer textile manufacturing methods for leading wet waterproof
CN109183261A (en) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-11 利郎(中国)有限公司 The warming air layer hair wool fabric of height and its technique

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DE60219284D1 (en) 2007-05-16
JP2002235264A (en) 2002-08-23
EP1359238B1 (en) 2007-04-04
KR100821114B1 (en) 2008-04-11
WO2002063082A1 (en) 2002-08-15
EP1359238A1 (en) 2003-11-05
KR20030081428A (en) 2003-10-17
EP1359238A4 (en) 2004-03-17
JP3880320B2 (en) 2007-02-14
US20040060328A1 (en) 2004-04-01

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