CN1481588A - 用于液态电解质燃料电池的电解质蔓延隔件 - Google Patents
用于液态电解质燃料电池的电解质蔓延隔件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于将歧管或其它元件与液态电解质燃料电池堆叠电绝缘的电介质部件，其中该电介质部件被改装成包含与液态电解质进行化学反应生成在液态电解质中稳定的固体产物的隔件。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及电介质部件，且特别地涉及用于在液态电解质燃料电池堆叠中将歧管和其它元件电绝缘的电介质部件。
在具有用于气体供应和放电的外在歧管的碳酸盐(液态电解质)燃料电池堆叠中，歧管通过像框形式的电介质部件与燃料电池堆叠电绝缘。该电介质框必须能够在100-1000伏特的电压下工作，工作电压取决于堆叠中电池的数目和在连入发电装置内时堆叠的电学构型。已经发现用Al2O3形成的电介质框能够在几千伏特的电压下提供电绝缘。
然而，在650℃的燃料电池工作温度下，燃料电池堆叠中的液态电解质往往会蔓延超过电介质框的表面。该框和堆叠仅由一个薄而多孔的用于气体密封的密封垫隔开。多孔的密封垫会被电解质所充满，且随着电介质框与液态电解质相互接触，该框便会润湿。
这种情况一旦发生，便会在电介质表面形成薄而连续的导电液态电解质薄膜层。从而，由电介质框提供的电绝缘便受到损害并会导致堆叠机能失常。结果，这些框的设计人员希望开发出能够防止或减低电解质蔓延的技术。这些设计人员的目的在于获得能够给液态电解质燃料电池堆叠与金属歧管提供稳定而长期的电介质绝缘的电介质框。
因此，本发明的一个目的在于提供克服了上述缺点的电介质部件。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供对电解质蔓延显示更强抗性的电介质部件。
发明概要
依照本发明的原理，上面及其它的目的均会在用于将歧管或其它元件与液态电解质燃料电池堆叠电绝缘的电介质部件中加以实现，其中该电介质部件被改装成包含与液态电解质进行化学反应并生成在液态电解质中稳定的固体产物的隔件。这样，该隔件便防止了电解质流动或蔓延而到达金属歧管。
附图简述
本发明上述和其它的特点以及方案通过阅读随后结合附图的详细说明将便得更加显而易见，其中：
图1展示了组装有电介质部件的燃料电池堆叠，该部件具有依照本发明原理的隔件；
图2示意地图解了图1电介质部件的一种形式；
图3展示了用于测试具有依照本发明原理的隔件的电介质部件的测试构型；
图4展示了图3电介质部件的测试结果；
图5和6展示了图1电介质部件的其它构型；和
图7和8图解了本发明在电介质框中的应用。
发明详述
图1展示了燃料电池堆叠1，其中金属歧管2邻接堆叠的面1A。歧管2能够或者用于输入气体或者用于从堆叠1抽取气体。
密封垫3和电介质部件4位于堆叠1和歧管2之间。密封垫3与堆叠表面1A相接触，而电介质部件则位于密封垫3和歧管2之间。典型地，电介质部件4可以具有像框的形式。
电介质部件将金属歧管2与堆叠1电绝缘。如图2所示，电介质部件4包括隔件5，隔件5位于液态电解质从堆叠1流出并通过密封垫3的路径内。依照本发明，隔件5适用于与堆叠1的液态电解质(例如碳酸盐电解质)发生化学反应以产生在电解质中稳定的固体产物。可以预料，这些产物的产生阻止了电解质沿着电介质部件的表面流动。结果，减小了电解质的蔓延，从而保持了电介质部件的绝缘特性。
用于隔件5的材料能够采取多种形式。一种发现有效的材料是铝酸钙水泥(Secar，可从LaFarge公司购得)。在650℃下，Secar迅速地与Li2CO3反应而形成含有LiAlO2、CaO和K2CO3的固体产物。这些产物在液态电解质(熔融碳酸盐)环境中化学上稳定。另一种材料是γ-Al2O3。其它的普通材料，例如MgAl2O4粉末和CaAl2O4粉末，也能够使用。
上述材料作为隔件的有效性不仅取决于材料的化学特性，还取决于材料使用的数量。只要有充足的可反应材料，堆叠1的电解质就不会因蔓延超过电介质部件4的整个表面而能够到达歧管2。
实例1 制造使用含有Secar(Al2O3和CaO的机械混合物)的隔件5的电介质部件。该电介质部件含有一个刻有沟槽的Al2O3矩形棒，其尺寸为4″×1″×0.625″，具有Ra29的表面精加工(Ra：剖面对中线的平均偏差，单位为μin)。Secar嵌入于该棒两侧上的沟槽内，如图3所示。
然后用加速电解质池测试来评估Secar作为隔件的效果。在测试中，电介质部件的底部浸没在液体电解质池(无限供给电解质)中，且一片用作电解质吸收器的密封垫放置于上表面以收集蔓延的电解质。测试结果如图4所示，且其表明反应产物的生成导致电解质蔓延显著延迟。
实例2，如图3所示，本实例中形成的电介质部件4具有含γ-Al2O3粉末的隔件。该部件同样地按实例1中所述方法进行测试，结果也显示在图4中。这些结果同样表明隔件导致了电解质蔓延的显著减小。
实例3 在液态碳酸盐燃料电池堆叠中，可以采用如美国专利No.4,414,294中所说明的电介质框。如图7和8所示，该电介质框包括在接合点处连接的各个直段71。由于在接合点处和可能在直棒与插入键槽72中的连接键73之间形成的毛细管处，蔓延表面上升，所以该接合区域，如图7和8中形成键槽72的部分所示，具有最高的液态电解质蔓延。在250kW的熔融碳酸盐燃料堆叠(340)电池中，用Secar水泥制成的、尺寸为1.50″×0.625″×0.031″的隔件5放置在位于面向歧管的表面上的接合区域的顶部。在大约12,000小时的工作时间内，该隔件部分地与液态电解质反应，并没有电解质通过隔件到达歧管。这一实例证实了在实际的燃料电池工作中使用装备有化学反应性隔件的电介质部件的有效性。
图5和6示出了电介质部件4和隔件5的不同构型。在图5的电介质部件4中，隔件5包含嵌于电介质部件两侧的隔件插头5A和5B。在图6的电介质部件4中，隔件5包含位于部件4面向歧管2的表面上的层。
本发明电介质部件4的隔件5能够以多种方法制造。因此，隔件5能够通过喷涂或铸造处理用高温陶瓷粘合剂制成。它们也能够用标准带铸造技术制成。在图5和6的电介质部件中，隔件5的存在都导致了电解质流动的减小，因此延长了电介质的寿命。
应当理解，在所有的实例中，上述方案只是代表本发明应用中许多可能的具体实施例的例证。众多的、不同的其它方案依照本发明的原理能够容易地设计而出，而并不背离本发明的实质和范围。
Claims (18)
1.用于将歧管或其它元件与液态电解质燃料电池电绝缘的电介质部件，该电介质部件包括与液态电解质进行化学反应生成在电解质中稳定的固体产物的隔件。
2.依照权利要求1的电介质部件，其中该隔件包含CaAl2O4粉末、MgAl2O3粉末、Al2O3粉末和铝酸钙水泥中的一种。
3.依照权利要求1的电介质部件，其中该隔件作为电介质部件表面上的一个表面层而形成。
4.依照权利要求3的电介质部件，其中该电介质部件的表面面向歧管。
5.依照权利要求1的电介质部件，其中该隔件部件嵌入于该电介质部件的各侧面内。
6.依照权利要求1的电介质部件，其中该电介质部件具有一种框架的形状。
7.依照权利要求6的电介质部件，其中该框架包含多个在接合点处接合的节段，且该隔件位于该接合区域内。
8.依照权利要求7的电介质部件，其中该接合包括一个键槽区域，用于接收接合该节段的键。
9.液态电解质燃料电池系统，包括：
液态电解质燃料电池堆叠；
邻接该液态电解质燃料电池堆叠表面的歧管部件；
位于该歧管部件与该液态电解质燃料电池堆叠表面之间的电介质部件，该电介质部件包括与液态电解质进行化学反应生成在液态电解质中稳定的固体产物的隔件。
10.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该液态电解质是碳酸盐。
11.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该隔件部件包含CaAl2O4粉末、MgAl2O3粉末、Al2O3粉末和铝酸钙水泥中的一种。
12.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该隔件作为电介质部件表面上的表面层而形成。
13.依照权利要求12的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该电介质部件的表面面向该歧管。
15.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该隔件部件嵌入于该电介质部件的各侧面内。
16.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，还包括：
位于该电介质部件与该燃料电池堆叠表面之间的密封垫。
17.依照权利要求9的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该电介质部件具有一种框架的形状。
18.依照权利要求17的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该框架包含多个在接合点处接合的节段，且该隔件位于该接合区域内。
19.依照权利要求18的液态电解质燃料电池系统，其中：
该接合包括一个键槽区域，用于接收接合该节段的键。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/736,558 | 2000-12-13 | ||
| US09/736,558 US20020164519A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Electrolyte creepage barrier for liquid electrolyte fuel cells |
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| CN1481588A true CN1481588A (zh) | 2004-03-10 |
| CN100429803C CN100429803C (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
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| US7276304B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-10-02 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Fuel cell system including a unit for electrical isolation of a fuel cell stack from a manifold assembly and method therefor |
| US20070243451A1 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2007-10-18 | Chao-Yi Yuh | Anode support member and bipolar separator for use in a fuel cell assembly and for preventing poisoning of reforming catalyst |
| WO2009078045A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-25 | Ansaldo Fuel Cells S.P.A. | Gasketing system for fuel cells having a v-shaped profile |
| KR101105016B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-30 | 2012-01-16 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 연료전지용 세라믹 유전체 절연물 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4467018A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1984-08-21 | Electric Power Research Institute | Manifold dielectric barrier for a fuel cell electrical power generation system |
| US4414294A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1983-11-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The U.S. Department Of Energy | Electrically insulating and sealing frame |
| US4548874A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1985-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Short protection device for stack of electrolytic cells |
| US4761348A (en) | 1987-03-17 | 1988-08-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Electrolytic cell stack with molten electrolyte migration control |
| JPH01235161A (ja) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-09-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池 |
| US5110693A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1992-05-05 | Hyperion Catalysis International | Electrochemical cell |
| US5110692A (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-05-05 | Energy Research Corporation | Gasket for molten carbonate fuel cell |
| JP3213448B2 (ja) | 1993-07-30 | 2001-10-02 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 外部マニホールド方式高温型燃料電池 |
| US5478663A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-12-26 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Edge seals for molten carbonate fuel cell stacks |
| US6124053A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-09-26 | Fuel Cell Technologies, Inc. | Fuel cell with internal combustion chamber |
| BR0112505A (pt) * | 2000-07-14 | 2003-08-26 | Microcoating Technologies Inc | Pelìculas finas cristalinas com espessura de grão reduzido |
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 US US09/736,558 patent/US20020164519A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 EP EP01994204A patent/EP1350278A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-11 WO PCT/US2001/047890 patent/WO2002059906A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-11 CN CNB018205402A patent/CN100429803C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-02 US US10/405,569 patent/US7320838B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002059906A3 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| WO2002059906A2 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| US7320838B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 |
| EP1350278A4 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| CN100429803C (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
| US20020164519A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| US20030215691A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| EP1350278A2 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
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