CN1480438A - 稳定的乙烯抑制化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

稳定的乙烯抑制化合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1480438A
CN1480438A CNA031525911A CN03152591A CN1480438A CN 1480438 A CN1480438 A CN 1480438A CN A031525911 A CNA031525911 A CN A031525911A CN 03152591 A CN03152591 A CN 03152591A CN 1480438 A CN1480438 A CN 1480438A
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R��M���ſ˲�ɭ
R·M·雅克布森
M·J·克里
Сղķ˹
W·N·小詹姆斯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用环丙烯化合物抑制植物中的乙烯响应的方法,首先生成稳定的环丙烷前体化合物并随后通过使用还原或亲核剂将这些化合物转化成气态环丙烯拮抗剂化合物。

Description

稳定的乙烯抑制化合物及其制备方法
本发明涉及抑制植物或植物部分中的乙烯响应。植物部分包括,例如,花,叶,果实和蔬菜并可保留在原植物上或可收获。乙烯响应加速植物或,尤其,收获的植物部分,如果实或蔬菜的熟化。这种加速熟化使得需要尽可能快地在最佳条件下运输这些产品至最终消费者,否则收获的产品因为变得过早腐烂而不能销售。
熟知的是,植物包含用于分子乙烯的分子受体位。乙烯影响许多植物特性,具体地涉及植物生长,发育和衰老的那些。对于植物产品,如果实和蔬菜的收获者,乙烯在衰老方面造成大多数问题。具体地,一旦收获果实和蔬菜,乙烯造成这些产品成熟并最终加速腐烂。已经进行许多工作以消除或减缓乙烯对收获的植物产品的有害影响。
不可逆乙烯抑制剂的一个例子公开于U.S.专利5,100,462。该专利公开重氮环戊二烯作为阻断剂。但该化合物具有强烈气味且非常不稳定。在围绕这些问题的努力中,U.S.专利5,518,988公开了其发现环丙烯和其衍生物用作乙烯结合位的有效阻断剂。尽管该专利的化合物没有重氮环戊二烯的气味问题,但它们是相对不稳定的气体。因此,这些气体的稳定性,以及这些气体在压缩时产生的爆炸潜力仍带来问题。
因为‘988专利的环丙烯已证实是非常有效的乙烯抑制剂,非常需要找到一种可用的方式以解决其不稳定性问题。所采取的一种途径公开于U.S.专利6,017,849。该专利表明,可以将环丙烯分子包封到作为载体的环糊精分子中。该途径能够安全地储存和传输环丙烯/环糊精配合物,一般来说提供的储存寿命超过1年。
尽管前述包封技术提供一种基本上更稳定的乙烯抑制剂,但仍存在问题。例如,环丙烯分子中的双键是非常反应性的并使得分子在各种储存和使用条件下容易降解。
因此,需要一种在长时间过程中储存稳定的,不易自降解并消除与使用环丙烯有关的明显爆炸危险的乙烯抑制剂。本发明通过采用环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂分子的某些前体而解决这些问题。这些前体具有增加的储存稳定性。实际上,如果需要处理目标植物部分,前体转化成其相应的环丙烯分子。
本发明包括一种通过将不稳定的环丙烯分子转化成其更稳定的环丙烷同系物而对其稳定化的方法。双键通过将部分连接到双键的每个碳原子组分上而消除。在本发明公开内容的结构式中,这些部分标为W1和W2。这些稳定化部分选自F,Cl,Br,I,烷氧基,酰氧基,烷氧基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氧基,烷基氨基碳基氧基,二烷基氨基羰基氧基,烷基磺酰基氧基和芳基磺酰基氧基基团;前提是W1和W2中至少一个是Br或I。
具体地,本发明包括一种生成用作植物乙烯响应抑制剂的具有结构I,II,III和IV的环丙烯衍生物的方法。这些化合物表示如下:
结构I,II,III和IV表示作为有效的乙烯拮抗剂的环丙烯衍生物化合物。这些化合物可衍生自其相应的环丙烷前体分子V,VI,VII和VIII:
具有结构V,VI,VII和VIII的化合物与还原剂或亲核试剂反应得到相应的具有结构I,II,III,和IV的气态化合物。化合物I,II,III和IV因此释放至目标封闭气氛以处理植物或植物部分而抑制乙烯响应。
本发明包含具有结构V,VI,VII和VIII的环丙烷化合物,其中:
a)每个R1,R2,R3,和R4独立地是下式基团:
              -(L)n-Z
其中:
i)p是整数3-10;
q是整数4-11;
n是整数0-12;
ii)每个L独立地选自基团D,E,或J其中:
D具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100102
Figure A0315259100103
Figure A0315259100104
E具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100112
Figure A0315259100113
J具有结构式: 或-C≡C-
其中:
A)每个X和Y独立地是下式基团:
       -(L)m-Z;
B)m是整数0-8;和
C)不超过两个E基团相互邻近且没有J基团相互邻近;
iii)每个Z独立地选自:
A)氢,卤素,氰基,硝基,亚硝基,叠氮基,氯酸基(chlorate),溴酸基(bromate),碘酸基(iodate),异氰酸基(isocyanto),异氰基(isocyanido),异硫氰酸基(isothiocyanato),五氟硫基,或
B)基团G,其中G是未取代的或取代的;不饱和、部分饱和、或饱和;单环、双环、三环、或稠合的;碳环或杂环环体系,其中;
1)如果环体系包含3或4元杂环环,杂环环包含1个杂原子;
2)如果环体系包含5或更多元杂环环或多环杂环环,杂环或多环杂环环包含1-4个杂原子;
3)每个杂原子独立地选自N,O,和S;
4)取代基数是0-5和每个取代基独立地选自X;
b)W1和W2选自F,Cl,Br,I,烷氧基,酰基氧基,烷氧基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氧基,烷基氨基羰基氧基,二烷基氨基羰基氧基,烷基磺酰基氧基,和芳基磺酰基氧基;
c)W1和W2中至少一个是Br或I;和
d)每种化合物中的非氢原子的总数是50或更低;其旋光异构体,立体异构体,盐,和其混合物;或其组合物。
就本发明而言,在各种L基团的结构表示法中,每个开键表示与另一L基团、Z基团、或环丙烯部分的连接。例如,结构表示法
Figure A0315259100121
表示键接到两个其它原子上的氧原子;它不表示二甲基醚部分。
典型的R1,R2,R3,和R4基团包括,例如:链烯基,烷基,炔基,乙酰基氨基链烯基,乙酰基氨基烷基,乙酰基氨基炔基,链烯氧基,烷氧基,链炔氧基,烷氧基烷氧基烷基,烷氧基链烯基,烷氧基烷基,烷氧基炔基,烷氧基羰基链烯基,烷氧基羰基烷基,烷氧基羰基炔基,烷基羰基,烷基羰基氧基烷基,烷基(烷氧基亚氨基)烷基,羧基链烯基,羧基烷基,羧基炔基,二烷基氨基,卤代烷氧基链烯基,卤代烷氧基烷基,卤代烷氧基炔基,卤代链烯基,卤代烷基,卤代炔基,羟基链烯基,羟基烷基,羟基炔基,三烷基甲硅烷基链烯基,三烷基甲硅烷基烷基,三烷基甲硅烷基炔基,二烷基磷酸基,二烷基磷酸基,二烷基硫代磷酸基,二烷基氨基烷基,烷基磺酰基烷基,烷基硫代链烯基,烷硫基烷基,烷硫基炔基,二烷基氨基磺酰基,卤代烷硫基链烯基,卤代烷硫基烷基,卤代烷硫基炔基,烷氧基羰基氧基;环烯基,环烷基,环炔基,乙酰基氨基环烯基,乙酰基氨基环烷基,乙酰基氨基环炔基,环烯氧基,环烷氧基,环炔氧基,烷氧基烷氧基环烷基,烷氧基环烯基,烷氧基环烷基,烷氧基环炔基,烷氧基羰基环烯基,烷氧基羰基环烷基,烷氧基羰基环炔基,环烷基羰基,烷基羰基氧基环烷基,羧基环烯基,羧基环烷基,羧基环炔基,二环烷基氨基,卤代环烷氧基环烯基,卤代环烷氧基环烷基,卤代环烷氧基环炔基,卤代环烯基,卤代环烷基,卤代环炔基,羟基环烯基,羟基环烷基,羟基环炔基,三烷基甲硅烷基环烯基,三烷基甲硅烷基环烷基,三烷基甲硅烷基环炔基,二烷基氨基环烷基,烷基磺酰基环烷基,环烷基羰基氧基烷基,环烷基磺酰基烷基,烷硫基环烯基,烷硫基环烷基,烷硫基环炔基,二环烷基氨基磺酰基,卤代烷硫基环烯基,卤代烷硫基环烷基,卤代烷硫基环炔基;芳基,链烯基芳基,烷基芳基,炔基芳基,乙酰基氨基芳基,芳氧基,烷氧基烷氧基芳基,烷氧基芳基,烷氧基羰基芳基,芳基羰基,烷基羰氧基芳基,羧基芳基,二芳基氨基,卤代烷氧基芳基,卤代芳基,羟基芳基,三烷基甲硅烷基芳基,二烷基氨基芳基,烷基磺酰基芳基,芳基磺酰基烷基,烷硫基芳基,芳硫基烷基,二芳基氨基磺酰基,卤代烷硫基芳基;杂芳基,链烯基杂芳基,烷基杂芳基,炔基杂芳基,乙酰基氨基杂芳基,杂芳基氧基,烷氧基烷氧基杂芳基,烷氧基杂芳基,烷氧基羰基杂芳基,杂芳基羰基,烷基羰基氧基杂芳基,羧基杂芳基,二杂芳基氨基,卤代烷氧基杂芳基,卤代杂芳基,羟基杂芳基,三烷基甲硅烷基杂芳基,二烷基氨基杂芳基,烷基磺酰基杂芳基,杂芳基磺酰基烷基,烷硫基杂芳基,杂芳硫基烷基,二杂芳基氨基磺酰基,卤代烷硫基杂芳基;杂环基,链烯基杂环基,烷基杂环基,炔基杂环基,乙酰基氨基杂环基,杂环氧基,烷氧基烷氧基杂环基,烷氧基杂环基,烷氧基羰基杂环基,杂环基羰基,烷基羰氧基杂环基,羧基杂环基,二杂环基氨基,卤代烷氧基杂环基,卤代杂环基,羟基杂环基,三烷基甲硅烷基杂环基,二烷基氨基杂环基,烷基磺酰基杂环基,烷硫基杂环基,杂环基硫代烷基,二杂环基氨基磺酰基,卤代烷硫基杂环基;氢,氟,氯,溴,碘,氰基,硝基,亚硝基,叠氮基,氯酸基,溴酸基,碘酸基,异氰酸基,异氰基,异硫氰酸基,五氟硫基;乙酰氧基,乙氧羰基,氰酸基,硝酸基,亚硝酸基,高氯酸基,烯丙基(allenyl);丁基巯基,二乙基磷酸基,二甲基苯基甲硅烷基,异喹啉基,巯基,萘基,苯氧基,苯基,哌啶子基,吡啶基,喹啉基,三乙基甲硅烷基,三甲基甲硅烷基;和其取代的类似物。
典型的G基团包括,例如:饱和或不饱和环烷基,二环、三环、多环饱和或不饱和杂环,未取代的或取代的苯基,萘基,或杂芳基环体系如,例如,环丙基,环丁基,环戊-3-烯-1-基,3-甲氧基环己-1-基,苯基,4-氯苯基,4-氟苯基,4-溴苯基,3-硝基苯基,2-甲氧基苯基,2-甲基苯基,3-甲基苯基,4-甲基苯基,4-乙基苯基,2-甲基-3-甲氧基苯基,2,4-二溴苯基,3,5-二氟苯基,3,5-二甲基苯基,2,4,6-三氯苯基,4-甲氧基苯基,萘基,2-氯萘基,2,4-二甲氧基苯基,4-(三氟甲基)苯基,2-碘-4-甲基苯基,吡啶-2-基,吡啶-3-基,吡啶-4-基,吡嗪基,嘧啶-2-基,嘧啶-4-基,嘧啶-5-基,哒嗪基,三唑-1-基,咪唑-1-基,噻吩-2-基,噻吩-3-基,呋喃-2-基,呋喃-3-基,吡咯基,恶唑基,异恶唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,恶二唑基,噻二唑基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,四氢呋喃基,吡咯烷基,哌啶基,四氢吡喃基,吗啉基,哌嗪基,二氧戊环基,二氧己环基,二氢吲哚基和5-甲基-6-苯并二氢吡喃基,金刚烷基,降冰片基,和其取代的类似物如,例如:3-丁基-吡啶-2-基,4-溴-吡啶-2-基,5-乙氧羰基-吡啶-2-基,6-甲氧基乙氧基-吡啶-2-基。
优选,R1,R2,R3,和R4中的两个是氢。更优选,R1和R2是氢或R3和R4是氢。甚至更优选,R2,R3,和R4是氢或R1,R2,和R3是氢。最优选,R2,R3,和R4是氢。
优选,n是0-8。最优选,n是1-7。优选,m是0-4。最优选,m是0-2。
优选,D是-CXY-,-SiXY-,-CO-,或-CS-。更优选D是-CXY-。优选,E是-O-,-S-,-NX-,或-SO2-。优选,X和Y独立地是H,卤素,OH,SH,-C(O)(C1-C4)烷基-,-C(O)O(C1-C4)烷基-,-O-(C1-C4)烷基,-S-(C1-C4)烷基,或取代的或未取代的(C1-C4)烷基。优选,Z是H,卤素,或G。更优选,Z是H或G。
优选,每个G独立地是取代的或未取代的;5,6,或7元的;芳基,杂芳基,杂环基,或环烷基环。更优选,每个G独立地是取代的或未取代的苯基,吡啶基,环己基,环戊基,环庚基,吡咯基,呋喃基,噻吩基,三唑基,吡唑基,1,3-二氧戊环基,或吗啉基。甚至更优选,G是未取代的或取代的苯基,环戊基,环庚基,或环己基。最优选,G是环戊基,环庚基,环己基,苯基,或取代的苯基,其中取代基独立地选自1-3个甲基,甲氧基,和卤素。
本发明方法包括,将具有结构V,VI,VII和VIII的前体化合物分别转化成具有结构I,II,III,和IV的相应的乙烯拮抗剂化合物。这通过将具有结构V,VI,VII或VIII的化合物与还原或亲核剂反应而实现。在结构V,VI,VII和VIII上标为W1和W2的部分通常称作“离去基团”。这些基团留在核分子中直至通过与,例如在这种情况下,还原或亲核剂反应而离开。一旦还原或亲核剂分开该离去基团,具有结构V,VI,VII和VIII的分子分别转化成具有结构I,II,III和IV的分子。
还原剂可划分为金属,有机金属试剂和低价金属离子。金属的合适例子是锌,镁,铁,铜,钐和铝。有机金属试剂的例子是甲基锂和正丁基锂。低价金属离子包括Cr(II),Ti(II),Cu(I)和Fe(II)。最优选的还原剂是金属锌。
亲核剂包括硫醇,硒化物,膦,亚磷酸酯,Na2S,Na2Te,Na2S2O4,亚磷酸二乙基酯钠盐,KSCN,NaSeCN,硫脲,二苯基碲和NaI。这些亲核试剂也可引入聚合物试剂中。
具有结构V的分子在本发明中是优选的。最优选的分子是其中R1=CH3,R2=H,R3=H,R4=H,W1=I和W2=I。该分子确认为1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在本发明中,该分子表示乙烯拮抗剂1-甲基环丙烯的一种稳定的前体。以下反应显示,通过与锌反应而由稳定的1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷转化成气态1-甲基环丙烯。
Figure A0315259100151
制备出许多例子。也例举了不同的离去基团。尽管实际制备出77个例子,但仅需给出少数反应方案。实施例的编号对应于所确认的结构列表中的相同的编号。
实施例23
1,1,2-三溴环丙烷
向配有机械搅拌器的3000ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入350g溴仿,575g二氯甲烷,130g溴乙烯,4.5g二溴化N,N’-二苄基-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二铵和60g45%氢氧化钾水溶液。在搅拌2天之后,加入500ml水并分离有机层。加入另外的4.5g二溴化N,N’-二苄基-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二铵和60g45%氢氧化钾水溶液并重新搅拌过夜。在水洗之后,有机层蒸馏得到1,1,2-三溴环丙烷bp(10乇)75-80℃。nmr(CDCl3)δ1.72(t,1H),2.76(t,1H),3.58(t,1H)。
实施例37
1-己基-1,2,2-三溴环丙烯的制备
a.2-溴-辛-1-烯
通过使用Firestone阀将9.42ml(0.0728mol)2,3-二溴丙烯在70ml二乙基醚中的溶液放置在氮气氛下。在冰水浴冷却的同时,慢慢通过加入漏斗加入0.091mol戊基溴化镁在70ml二乙基醚中的溶液。在搅拌2小时同时暖至室温之后,随后通过注射器将50ml 1N氢氯酸加入在冰水浴中冷却的反应体系。所得混合物转移至分离漏斗并分离各相。有机层用MgSO4干燥并过滤。溶剂在真空下从滤液中去除,得到15.0g(85.7%理论值)81%纯的2-溴-辛-1-烯,油状物。
b.1,1,2-三溴-2-己基-环丙烷
向在7.42ml(85.1mmol)溴仿和48.8ml二氯甲烷中的5.42g(28.4mmol)2-溴-辛-1-烯中加入1.30g(2.84mmol)二溴化N,N’-二苄基-N,N,N’,N-四甲基乙二铵和12.1ml(142mmol)45%氢氧化钾水溶液.混合物在室温下搅拌5天。随后加入己烷和水。过滤该混合物。所得混合物转移至分离漏斗并分离各相。有机层用MgSO4干燥并过滤。溶剂在真空下从滤液中去除,得到5.25g(51.0%理论值)1,1,2-三溴-2-己基-环丙烷,油状物。
实施例55
1,2-二碘-1-辛基环丙烷
向20g甲醇中加入1.33g(16.2毫摩尔)无水乙酸钠和3.3g(13毫摩尔)单质碘。混合物冷却至5℃,此时加入2.0g1-辛基环丙烯(13毫摩尔)[由1,2,2-三溴-1-辛基环丙烷通过Baird,Mark S.;Hussain,HelmiH.;Nethercott,William;J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1,1986,1845-1854的方法制备]反应在室温下搅拌2小时。在真空中浓缩并将产物用己烷稀释和用稀氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤。在真空中再浓缩并在硅胶上柱色谱处理,得到1.7g所需1,2-二碘-1-辛基环丙烷。nmr(CDCl3)δ0.88(m,4H),1.3(m,10H),1.5-1.8(m,5H),3.26(t,1H)。
实施例56
1,2-二碘-1-苄基环丙烷
将1-苄基环丙烯[由3.65g(10.0毫摩尔)1,2,2-三溴-1-苄基环丙烷通过Baird,Mark S.;Hussain,Helmi H.;Nethercott,William;J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1,1986,1845-1854的方法制备]加入0.77g(9.4毫摩尔)无水乙酸钠和2.60g单质碘在30g甲醇中的搅拌混合物。在搅拌过夜之后,反应在真空中浓缩并将产物用己烷稀释和用稀氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤。在真空中再浓缩并在硅胶上柱色谱处理,得到3.0g所需1,2-二碘-1-苄基环丙烷。nmr(CDCl3)δ 1.18(t,1H),3.1(abq,2H),3.41(t,1H),7.3(m,5H)。
实施例60
1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷
向300g甲醇中加入8.2g(100毫摩尔)无水乙酸钠和53g(209毫摩尔)单质碘。混合物冷却至5℃,此时加入19g1-甲基环丙烯[由3-氯-2-甲基-丙烯制成;参见,例如,Hopf,H.;Wachholz,G.;Walsh,R.Chem.Ber.,118,3579(1985),和Kster,R等人,Liebigs Annalen Chem.,1219-1235,(1973)]。反应在室温下搅拌直至颜色变浅。反应在真空中浓缩并将产物用己烷稀释和用稀氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤。在真空中再浓缩,得到45.7g所需1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。Bp(5乇)76℃。nmr(CDCl3)δ0.88(t,1H),1.71(t,1H),1.99(s,3H),3.22(t,1H)。
实施例61
1,1-二氯-2-溴环丙烷
向配有机械搅拌器的3000ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入500g氯仿,103g溴乙烯,5.6g二溴化N,N’-二苄基-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二铵和200g45%氢氧化钾水溶液。在搅拌2天之后,加入500ml水并分离有机层。有机层蒸馏得到1,1-二氯-2-溴环丙烷bp(760乇)140-150℃。nmr(CDC3)δ1.65(t,1H),2.13(t,1H),3.53(t,1H)。
实施例76
1,2-二碘环丙烷
由10ml烯丙基氯通过Binger方法[J.Org.Chem.61,6462-6464(1996)]制备的环丙烷在-70℃下冷凝到包含10.13g碘、2g吡啶和100g2-丙醇的烧瓶中。反应混合物在3小时过程中慢慢暖至+10℃并真空浓缩。将所得混合物在乙醚和稀盐酸水溶液之间分配。醚层用稀氢氧化钠水溶液,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,并真空浓缩,得到6.0g反式-1,2-二碘环丙烷,通过柱色谱在硅胶上纯化。nmr(CDCl3)δ1.36(t,2H),2.66(t,2H)。
按照本发明制成的化合物的结构实例。结构类型VR1                W1  W2    R2    R3   R41 辛基            Br  Br    Br    H    H2 C6H5            Br  Br    Br    H    H3 CH2CH2C6H5      Br  Br    Br    H    H4 辛基            Br  Cl    Cl    H    H5 CH2OC6H5        Br  Br    Br    H    H6 C8H17           Br  Cl    Cl    H    H7 CH2OC6H4OMe-4   Br  Br    Br    H    H8 CH2C6H5         Br  Br    Br    H    H9 十一基          Br  Br    Br    H    H10 壬基           Br  Br    Br    H    H11 庚基           Br  Br    Br    H    H12 癸基           Br  Br    Br    H    H13 (2-环己基乙基) Br  Br    Br    H    H14 十三基         Br  Br    Br    H    H15 (3-乙基庚基)           Br  Br    Br    H    H16 (环庚基甲基)           Br  Br    Br    H    H17 (环己基甲基)           Br  Br    Br    H    H18 CH2C6H4CL-4            Br  Br    Br    H    H19 CH2CH2OH               Br  Br    Br    H    H20 CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OMe   Br  Br    Br    H    H21 CH2CH2CO2ET            Br  Br    Br    H    H22 Br                     Br  OET   H     H    H23 Br                     Br  Br    H     H    H24 Br                     Br  OBU   Br    H    H25 CH2C6H4Me-4            Br  Br    Br    H    H26 CH2CH2CH2C6H5          Br  Br    Br    H    H27 CH2C6H4OMe-2           Br  Br    Br    H    H28 庚基(7-OMe)            Br  Br    Br    H    H29 庚基(6-Me)             Br  Br    Br    H    H30 CH2CH20戊基            Br  Br    Br    H    H31 庚基(7-OH)             Br  Br    Br    H    H32 CH2CH2CH2CH2C6H5       Br  Br    Br    H    H33 戊基                   Br  Br    Br    H    H34 CH2噻吩-2-基           Br  Br    Br    H    H35 丁基                   Br  Br    Br    H    H36 CH2CH2C6H4CL-4         Br  Br    Br    H    H37 己基                   Br  Br    Br    H    H38 CH2C6H4Me-3            Br  Br    Br    H    H39 庚基(4,6,6-三甲基)   Br  Br    Br    H    H40 己基(6-CO2H)           Br  Br    Br    H    H41 CH2环戊基              Br  Br    Br    H    H42 己基(6-OMS)            Br  Br    Br    H    H43 Br                     Br  Br    H     辛基 H44 十五基                 Br  Br    Br    H    H45 (CH2)4CF3              Br  Br    Br    H    H46 CH2CH2CO2H             Br  Br    Br    H    H47 壬基(4,8-Me2)         Br  Br    Br    H    H48 十二基                 Br  Br    Br    H    H49 CH2CH2CO吗啉           Br  Br    Br    H    H50 CH2CH(ET)BU            Br  Br    Br    H    H51 (CH2)7CN               Br  Br    Br    H    H52 (CH2)7NET2             Br  Br    Br    H    H53 十四基                 Br  Br    Br    H    H54 十四基                 Br  Br    Br    H    H55 辛基                   I   I     H     H    H56 苄基                   I   I     H     H    H57 (3,3-二甲基丁基)      Br  Br    Br    H    H58 己基                   Br  Br    Br    己基 H59 甲基                   Br  Br    Br    H    H60 甲基                   I   I     H     H    H61 Cl                      Cl  Br    H     H    H62 CH2CH2CH2二噁烷-2-基    Br  Br    Br    H    H63 CH2CH2CONET2            Br  Br    Br    H    H64 CH2SIET3                Br  Br    Br    H    H65 CH2CH2OCH(Me)OET        Br  Br    Br    H    H66 CH2CH2OSO2PH            Br  Br    Br    H    H67 (CH2)6SiMe3             Br  Br    Br    H    H68 (CH2)2SiMe3             Br  Br    Br    H    H69 CH2CH2CO2CH2OAC         Br  Br    Br    H    H70 C(Me)(Me)C6H5           Cl  Br    Br    H    H71 (CH2)6SiMe2Ph           Br  Br    Br    H    H72 CH2Ph                   Br  Cl    Cl    H    H73 Me                      Br  Br    Me    Me   Me74 (CH2)4OCOC6H4Me-4       Br  Br    Br    H    H75 (CH2)4OH                Br  Br    Br    H    H76 H                       I   I     H     H    H结构类型  VIII(L)p                  W1  W2    R2  R377 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2    Br  Br    Br  H
环丙烯的化学诱导释放
对照实验
向装有磁力搅拌的50ml Florence烧瓶中放入2ml四氢呋喃和0.30g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在搅拌5分钟之后,对顶部空间的GC分析表明没有可检测的1-甲基环丙烯。GC方法使用Varian CP-PoraBOND Q柱,10米长,0.32mm ID;氦载气;起始温度50℃;起始时间0分钟;升温速率20℃/min;最终温度270℃;最终时间5分钟;进样体积0.20ml。1-甲基环丙烯的可靠样品的保留时间是2.91分钟。1ppm在这些条件是容易检测的。
使用锌金属在四氢呋喃中形成1-甲基环丙烯
向装有磁力搅拌的100ml Florence烧瓶中放入2ml四氢呋喃和1.0g锌粉。锌用10滴1,2-二溴乙烷活化。随后加入0.34g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在搅拌20小时之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示4658ppm1-甲基环丙烯。
使用锌金属在甲醇中形成1-甲基环丙烯
向装有磁力搅拌的100ml Florence烧瓶中放入2ml甲醇和1.0g锌粉。锌用10滴1,2-二溴乙烷活化。随后加入0.34g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在搅拌30分钟之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示98390ppm1-甲基环丙烯。
使用镁金属形成1-甲基环丙烯
向装有磁力搅拌的100ml Florence烧瓶中放入2ml四氢呋喃和1.1g镁屑。镁用10滴1,2-二溴乙烷活化。随后加入0.35g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在搅拌3小时之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示49993ppm1-甲基环丙烯。
使用三苯基膦形成1-甲基环丙烯
向装有磁力搅拌的50ml Florence烧瓶中放入3g二甲基甲酰胺和1.2g三苯基膦。随后加入0.83g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在室温下搅拌15分钟之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示10ppm1-甲基环丙烯。
使用4-甲基苯硫醇形成1-甲基环丙烯
向装有磁力搅拌的100ml Florence烧瓶中放入2g二甲基甲酰胺,0.70g叔丁醇钾,和0.84g4-甲基苯硫醇。随后加入0.40g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。在室温下搅拌15分钟之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示87567ppm1-甲基环丙烯。
使用包含苯硫醇基团的聚合物形成1-甲基环丙烯
聚合物试剂通过用50ml水和10g45%氢氧化钾水溶液制浆出50ml DuoliteTM GT73(Rohm和Haas Company)并搅拌2小时而制成。过滤该淤浆,水洗两次,甲醇洗涤三次,空气干燥,并放在真空烘箱中过夜。将0.54g该聚合物试剂放入122ml小瓶并将珠粒用在0.70g甲醇中的0.10g1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷润湿。在室温放置过夜之后,对顶部空间的GC分析显示134ppm1-甲基环丙烯。

Claims (8)

1.一种通过将环丙烯化合物转化成其环丙烷类似物而对其稳定化的方法,包括将部分W1和W2分别共价键连到环丙烯化合物中的双键的每个碳原子组分上,其中W1和W2各选自F,Cl,Br,I,烷氧基,酰基氧基,烷氧基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氧基,烷基氨基羰氧基,二烷基氨基羰基氧基,烷基磺酰氧基和芳基磺酰氧基基团;前提是W1和W2中的至少一个是Br或I。
2.一种环丙烷化合物,包含选自以下的结构:
其中:
a)每个R1,R2,R3,和R4独立地是下式基团:
                  -(L)n-Z
i)p是整数3-10;
q是整数4-11;
n是整数0-12;
ii)每个L独立地是选自基团D,E,或J
D具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100033
E具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100035
Figure A0315259100036
J具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100037
或-C≡C-
A)每个X和Y独立地是下式基团:
         -(L)m-Z;
B)m是整数0-8;和
C)不超过两个的E基团相互邻近且没有J基团相互邻近;
iii)每个Z独立地选自:
A)氢,卤素,氰基,硝基,亚硝基,叠氮基,氯酸基,溴酸基,碘酸基,异氰酸基,异氰基,异硫氰酸基,五氟硫基,或
B)基团G,其中G是未取代的或取代的;不饱和、部分饱和、或饱和;单环、二环、三环、或稠合的;碳环或杂环环体系,其中;
1)如果环体系包含3或4元杂环环,该杂环环包含1个杂原子;
2)如果环体系包含5或更多元杂环环或多环杂环环,该杂环或多环杂环环包含1-4个杂原子;
3)每个杂原子独立地选自N,O,和S;
4)取代基的数目是0-5并且每个取代基独立地选自X;
b)W1和W2选自F,Cl,Br,I,烷氧基,酰基氧基,烷氧基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氧基,烷基氨基羰基氧基,二烷基氨基羰基氧基,烷基磺酰基氧基,和芳基磺酰基氧基;
c)前提是W1和W2中至少一个是I;和
d)非氢原子的总数是50或更低。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中每个W1和W2是I。
4.化合物1,2-二碘-1-甲基环丙烷。
5.一种生成具有结构I,II,III或IV的化合物的方法
Figure A0315259100051
包括:将权利要求2的具有结构V,VI,VII和VIII的化合物与与还原或亲核剂接触以将具有结构V,VI,VII或VIII的化合物分别转化成具有结构I,II,III或IV的其相应的类似化合物,其中:
a)每个R1,R2,R3,和R4独立地是下式基团:
            (L)n-Z
i)p是整数3-10;
q是整数4-11;
n是整数0-12;
ii)每个L独立地选自基团D,E,或J:
D具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100052
Figure A0315259100053
E具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100062
Figure A0315259100063
J具有结构式:
Figure A0315259100065
或-C≡C-
A)每个X和Y独立地是下式基团:
        -(L)m-Z;
B)m是整数0-8;和
C)不超过两个的E基团相互邻近和没有J基团相互邻近;
iii)每个Z独立地选自:
A)氢,卤素,氰基,硝基,亚硝基,叠氮基,氯酸基,溴酸基,碘酸基,异氰酸基,异氰基,异硫氰酸基,五氟硫基,或
B)基团G,其中G是未取代的或取代的;不饱和、部分饱和、或饱和;单环、二环、三环、或稠合的;碳环或杂环环体系其中;
1)如果环体系包含3或4元杂环环,该杂环环包含1个杂原子;
2)W1和W2选自F,Cl,Br,I,烷氧基,酰基氧基,烷氧基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氧基,烷基氨基羰基氧基,二烷基氨基羰基氧基,烷基磺酰基氧基,和芳基磺酰基氧基;
c)前提是W1和W2中至少一个是Br或I;和
d)非氢原子的总数是50或更低。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中还原剂选自金属、有机金属试剂和低价金属离子。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中亲核剂选自硫醇、硒化物、膦、亚磷酸酯、Na2S、Na2Te、Na2S2O4、亚磷酸二乙基酯钠盐、KSCN、NaSeCN、硫脲、二苯基碲和NaI。
8.通过将植物与所述化合物接触而使用权利要求2的任何一种具有结构V、VI、VII和VIII的化合物作为植物乙烯响应拮抗剂的方法。
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