CN1478384A - Intermediate breeding method suitable for mudflat shellfish and its used intermediate breading equipment - Google Patents
Intermediate breeding method suitable for mudflat shellfish and its used intermediate breading equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1478384A CN1478384A CNA021328358A CN02132835A CN1478384A CN 1478384 A CN1478384 A CN 1478384A CN A021328358 A CNA021328358 A CN A021328358A CN 02132835 A CN02132835 A CN 02132835A CN 1478384 A CN1478384 A CN 1478384A
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Abstract
An intermediate breeding method for mudflat shellfish, especially the philippine clam, features use of a lifting-flow circulating facility which is composed of young clam suspending and nursing unit, seawater circulating unit, depositing and cleaning unit and feed culturing unit. Its advantages are high efficiency and high growth speed and survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breed technology in the middle of the seedling of intertidal shellfish, provide the centre that is applicable to intertidal shellfishs such as Ruditapes philippinarum to breed method especially and facility is bred in used centre.
Background technology
It is important technical links in the intertidal shellfish artificial breeding techniques such as Ruditapes philippinarum that technology is bred in the centre.Ruditapes philippinarum Ruditapesphilippinarum (Adams et Reeve) is universal kind, and all there is distribution in China from south to northern coastal waters.2 ages, above adult shell length was 2.5～4.5cm, shell oval and expansion, left and right sides shell equate, it is the concentric growth line at center with the shell top that the shell face has comparatively level and smooth, shell face decorative pattern is assorted, often be distributed in China Pingtan on the south variegated clam Ruditapes variegata (Sowerby) obscure mutually.Ruditapes philippinarum belongs to the embedded type shellfish, and happiness occupy in sand content reaches at the bottom of the beach substrate about 80%, slips under the normal condition at the end in and lives, and comfort zone is 5 ℃～28 ℃, and suitable salt is 15～34, is food with phytoplankton and organic debris.The Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea lasts till October from May mating season, but the breeding peak can be grown to 0.3～1.0 centimetre then in 5～June and 9～October.Biological minimum is 1.5cm, and the accessibility maturation forms the reproduction peak next year then.5～10 years life-spans.The Ruditapes philippinarum gonochorism, but minority hermaphroditism is arranged.Adult female gonad is milk yellow, male gonad is creamy white.
Ruditapes philippinarum occupies critical role in China's mariculture industry, annual production is more than 1,000,000 tons, and the past mainly is that sell the domestic market, has now entered the international market, and price illustrates that also in continuous rising market potential is still very big.The seed of culturing usefulness in the past mainly relies on from natural waters and obtains, but in recent years owing to the continuous expansion of the scale of breed, the seed shortage is serious day by day, has seriously restricted the development of the aquaculture of Ruditapes philippinarum.Therefore, the total man worker of the healthy seedling of development Ruditapes philippinarum cultivates, and is imperative.
The technology of burying biotype intertidal shellfish (as Ruditapes philippinarum) the seed production of dwelling at present is to gather natural seeding, wild fry, seedling rearing in earth ponds or Tu Chi half artificial breeding mostly.The centre of seedling is bred, and general using Tu Chi (for example shrimp pond, open-air cistern etc.) or the natural beach with certain safeguard measure are sowed the seedling of gathering in the silt particle substrate, rely on natural environmental condition to implement to breed in the middle of the seedling.The characteristics that though this method has is simpler and easy, cost is low, but be subjected to the influence of natural environment big, because the microenvironment condition that seedling is bred is uncontrollable, and seedling is bred the survival rate in stage in the centre low, becomes restriction and bury one of the bottleneck of biotype intertidal shellfish seedling production of dwelling simultaneously.Especially under the high density breeding condition, the survival rate of seedling and growth rate are all lower, do not satisfy in extensive total man's work post seedling production the requirement of breeding in the middle of the highdensity seed.In addition, results clam seedling must dig the clam seedling together with silt particle, wash out the clam seedling with screen cloth, wastes time and energy.In order to produce and to match, must exploitation can under cultivating density conditions, height carry out the technology of the highly effective and safe of seedling intermediate rearing with carrying out extensive total man worker's intertidal shellfish seed.Up to the present facility and technology are bred in the domestic centres such as using upwelling that yet there are no, and carry out the report of intertidal shellfish seedling intermediate rearing.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can realize intertidal shellfish particularly in the Ruditapes philippinarum healthy seedling total man worker cultivating process efficient, safe centre breed method and facility is bred in used centre, the seedling density of its survival rate, growth rate and cultivation all is significantly increased.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Adopt the circulating centre of upwelling to breed facility, utilize upwelling to make the seedling of intertidal shellfish in system, be the state of little suspension, carry out the centre of intertidal shellfishs such as Ruditapes philippinarum and breed; Specifically: with shell reach 230 μ m or above, enter the end 3～5 days the intertidal shellfish seedling of life of dwelling, transfer to the circulating centre of upwelling and breed facility; Per 2～3 days supplementary schedule cell algae foods, the additional abundance of food accounts for 1/5～1/4 of circulating water body, and food density is 3～500 ten thousand cells/ml; Keep the middle circulation of breeding facility water with the upwelling endless form, the seawater of cultivating is through sand filtration, cleaning, remove causal organism and organic granulars such as protozoa, bacterium, detected regulation and control once in the every 2-3 of described water quality days, the control water quality index reaches following level, 18～24 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26～30, pH7.8～8.0, dissolved oxygen 4.0～5.0ml/L; Checked the survival and the upgrowth situation of seedling every 5～10 days,, reduce the density of breeding of seedling gradually along with the growth of individuality;
It is the circulating structure of upwelling that facility is bred in described centre, cultivating the individual sub-facility that is mutually related of facility by seed suspension maintenance facility, seawater cycle facilities, retaining precipitation purification facility and bait forms, seed suspension maintenance facility is connected from top and retaining precipitation purification facility by the seawater cycle facilities, retaining precipitation purification facility communicates by the bottom of seawater cycle facilities and seed suspension maintenance facility again, forms upwelling periodic duty mode; Wherein:
Described seed suspends, and the maintenance facility is cultivated tank by one and a plurality of seed suspension maintenance device is formed, and described cultivation flume wall upper limb is reserved row of horizontal direction hole alternately; The seed maintenance device that suspends is installed in and cultivates in the tank, is the cylindrical container structure, and its lower end is sealed with screen cloth, and a hole is also offered on Qi Bi top, connects a drainpipe and the hole cultivated on the flume wall links to each other, is used to discharge seed and suspends and maintain seawater in the device; Connecing a collector pipe communicates with the drainpipe of each seed suspension maintenance device, pipeline by described collector pipe makes seawater enter the cistern of retaining precipitation purification facility, make by the seawater of seed suspension maintenance device bottom screen cloth formation upwelling and get back to retaining precipitation purification facility, precipitate and purify, and reenter circulation;
Described seawater cycle facilities mainly is made up of collector pipe, water pump and seawater conveyance conduit, is connected retaining precipitation purification facility and seed suspension maintenance facility by the seawater conveyance conduit;
Described retaining precipitation purification facility is made up of cistern, and collected water storage and precipitation purify and be one;
Described bait is cultivated facility can select spacious pond breeding arrangement or closed circulation device for use, will cultivate bait by water pump and water-supply-pipe pipeline and be transported to cistern from bait cultivation facility;
The pipe material of described drainpipe, collector pipe, water-supply-pipe can be the polyvinylchloride engineering plastics; Described seed suspension maintenance facility seawater liquid level water level is higher than retaining precipitation purification facility; The mesh of described screen cloth does not spill with seed exceeds, and screen cloth can the replacing formula be installed; The power of described water pump and aqueduct diameter are decided on the volume of seed suspension maintenance system; Described retaining precipitation purification facility is provided with sewage draining exit.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. efficient in the cultivating process, safety.The present invention has utilized the upwelling principle, make and live in the seed that seed suspends in the maintenance device and keep little suspension and dispersity, and make dirt such as metabolic waste return retaining precipitation clarifier-tank by upwelling as early as possible, discharge through sewage draining exit again, guarantee water quality, can cultivate healthy seed.Because nurturing an environment of the present invention can control, so solved the low problem of survival rate behind the biotype shellfish settlement and metamorphosis of dwelling of burying, the survival rate of juvenile mollusk reaches 50～80%, and growth rate can improve 40～50%, and the seedling density of cultivation can reach 3000～5,000 ten thousand/m
2And employing the present invention, the unicellular alga bait of throwing something and feeding is recycled by cycle water, and the availability of bait is more than doubled, and has significantly reduced production cost.
2. method is simple and easy.Breed facility in the middle of the used upwelling of the present invention, each of its composition facility all can be made voluntarily.
3. applied range.The present invention can be applicable to Ruditapes philippinarum, is applicable to that also clam, clam, Mactra veneriformis, Chinese clam, quahog etc. bury the centre of the biotype intertidal shellfish of dwelling and breed, and can satisfy the requirement that extensive total man's work post seedling is produced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for breeding the facility structure schematic diagram in the middle of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Breed method in the middle of the intertidal shellfish of the present invention: adopt the circulating centre of upwelling to breed facility, utilize upwelling to make the seedling of Ruditapes philippinarum in the intertidal shellfish in culture system, be the state of little suspension, in the middle of seedling, breed the stage, realize that the high-servival rate under the conditions of high density is grown fast; Concrete operations can for:
Shell is reached more than the 230 μ m, goes the end Ruditapes philippinarum seedling in 4 days the intertidal shellfish of life of dwelling fully, transfer to the circulating centre of upwelling and breed facility; Per 2 days supplementary schedule cell algae foods, the additional abundance of food accounts for 1/4 of circulating water body, and food density is 500 ten thousand cells/ml; Described unicellular alga bait is chrysophyceae, diatom, flat algae, tower born of the same parents algae and/or chlorella, and present embodiment is flat algae and chlorella; Keep the middle circulation of breeding facility water with the upwelling endless form, the seawater of cultivation is removed causal organism and organic granulars such as protozoa, bacterium through sand filtration, cleaning, described water quality detected regulation and control once in per 2 days, the control water quality index reaches following level, 18～24 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26～30, pH7.8～8.0, dissolved oxygen 4.0～5.0ml/L, present embodiment is: 24 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26, pH7.8, dissolved oxygen 5.0ml/L; Check the survival and the upgrowth situation of seedling every 7 days, remove dead individuality;
It is the circulating structure of upwelling that facility is bred in the described centre of the inventive method, as shown in Figure 1, cultivate 4 of the facilities facility that is mutually related and form by suspend maintenance facility 1, seawater cycle facilities 2, retaining precipitation purification facility 3 and bait of seed, seed suspension maintenance facility 1 is connected from top and retaining precipitation purification facility 3 by seawater cycle facilities 2, retaining precipitation purification facility 3 communicates by the bottom of seawater cycle facilities 2 and seed suspension maintenance facility 1 again, forms upwelling periodic duty mode; Wherein:
Described seed suspends, and maintenance facility 1 is cultivated tank 11 by one and 2 seed suspension maintenance devices 12 are formed, and described cultivation tank 11 wall upper limbs are reserved row of horizontal direction hole alternately; Seed suspension maintenance device 12 is installed in cultivates 11 li of tanks, be the cylindrical container structure, its lower end is sealed with screen cloth, and a hole is also offered on Qi Bi top, the hole that connects a drainpipe 13 and cultivate on tank 11 walls links to each other, and is used to discharge the seawater of 12 li of seed suspension maintenance devices; Connecing a collector pipe 21 communicates with the drainpipe 13 of each seed suspension maintenance device 12, pipeline by described collector pipe 21 makes seawater enter the cistern of retaining precipitation purification facility 3, make by the seawater of seed suspension maintenance device 12 bottom screen clothes formation upwellings and get back to retaining precipitation purification facility 3, precipitate and purify, and reenter circulation; Described retaining precipitation purification facility 3 is provided with sewage draining exit;
Described seawater cycle facilities 2 mainly is made up of collector pipe 21, water pump and seawater conveyance conduit 22, be connected retaining precipitation purification facility 3 and seed suspension maintenance facility 1 by seawater conveyance conduit 22, be used for the cultivation seawater is transported to seed suspension maintenance facility 1 from retaining precipitation purification facility 3, and be connected with retaining precipitation purification facility 3 on top from seed suspension maintenance facility 1;
Described retaining precipitation purification facility 3 is made up of cistern, and it is one that collected water storage and precipitation purify;
Described bait is cultivated facility 4 can select spacious pond breeding arrangement (or closed circulation device) for use, will cultivate bait by water pump and water-supply-pipe 22 pipelines and be transported to cistern from bait cultivation facility 4.
The endless form of upwelling is: shown in Fig. 1 arrow, breed the cultivation seawater of the retaining precipitation purification facility 3 of facility in the middle of entering, be transported to cultivation tank 11 through water pump and aqueduct 22, seawater suspends by seed and maintains the screen cloth of device 12 bottoms, from the bottom to top, forms upwelling, by drainpipe 13, collector pipe 21, return the cistern of retaining precipitation purification facility 3, precipitate and purify, reenter circulation; In addition, replenish monocell diet in the cultivation seawater of retaining precipitation purification facility 3 in good time.
The pipe material of described drainpipe 13, collector pipe 21, water-supply-pipe 22 can be the polyvinylchloride engineering plastics; Described seed suspension maintenance facility 1 seawater liquid level water level is higher than retaining precipitation purification facility 3; The mesh of described screen cloth does not spill with seed exceeds, and the suitable mesh specification of Ruditapes philippinarum is 150～160 μ m; In addition, screen cloth can the replacing formula be installed; The power of described water pump and aqueduct diameter are decided on the volume of seed suspension maintenance system; Present embodiment adopts immersible pump, and power is: 500W, aqueduct diameter are 250mm;
Cultivating tank 11 length and width height can be respectively: 5000～10000mm, 500～550mm, 500～600mm, and present embodiment is: 7000mm, 520mm, 500mm; Can be 25～40mm in the hole diameter of cultivating the reservation of tank 11 upper limbs 1/5 place, present embodiment is: 40mm; The spacing of hole can be 400mm; The seed maintenance device 12 that suspends can be that the cylindrical plastic container of 300～400mm, high 400～450mm is made by a diameter, and the present embodiment diameter is 300mm, high 400mm; 1/5 place can open a diameter 10～80mm hole at an upper portion thereof, and present embodiment is 35mm; PVC plastic drain-pipe 13 with same diameter makes seed suspension maintenance device 12 communicate with collector pipe 21 by the hole on rectangle cultivation tank 11 walls; Seed suspends and maintains attaching substratums such as not adding any silt particle in the device 12.
Collection through artificial culture, finish settlement and metamorphosis, shell reaches the seedling more than the 230 μ m, the average shell length of the seedling that present embodiment is selected for use is 230 μ m, the cultivation density of upwelling group and control group is respectively 5,000 ten thousand/m
2With 50,000/m
2, adopt the present invention and common silt particle matrix (group in contrast) to carry out the centre respectively and breed, cultivate a week after, detect its survival rate and growth rate.The result is referring to table 1:
Table 1 embodiment 1 and common silt particle matrix (group in contrast)
Breed the testing result in a week in the middle of carrying out
| Experimental group | (ten thousand/m of density 2) | Survival rate (%) | Growth rate (μ/sky) |
| | ????5000 | ????70.4 | ????10.2 |
| | ????5 | ????30.3 | ????5.0 |
Embodiment 2
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is:
The average shell length of the seedling of selecting for use is 250 μ m, and the cultivation density of upwelling group and control group is respectively 4,000 ten thousand/m
2With 40,000/m
2, per 2 days supplementary schedule cell algae foods, the additional abundance of food accounts for 1/4 of circulating water body, and food density is 400 ten thousand cells/ml; The unicellular alga bait of throwing something and feeding is chrysophyceae and diatom; Check the survival and the upgrowth situation of seedling every 5 days, remove dead individuality;
Seed suspends and maintains in the facility 1, cultivates tank 11 length and width height and can be respectively 10000mm, 550mm, 600mm; Cultivating the hole diameter 30mm that tank 11 upper limbs 1/5 place reserves; The spacing of hole can be 400mm; Seed suspends and maintains device 12 diameters and highly be respectively 400mm, high 450mm; The 1/5 hole diameter 80mm of place at an upper portion thereof;
Table 2 embodiment 2 and common silt particle matrix (group in contrast)
Breed the testing result in a week in the middle of carrying out
| Experimental group | (ten thousand/m of density 2) | Survival rate (%) | Growth rate (μ/sky) |
| Upwelling group 2 of the present invention | ????4000 | ????75.0 | ????15.1 |
| Control group 2 | ????4 | ????35.4 | ????7.3 |
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is:
The average shell length of the seedling of selecting for use is 270 μ m, and the cultivation density of upwelling group and control group is respectively 3,000 ten thousand/m
2With 30,000/m
2Per 3 days supplementary schedule cell algae foods, the additional abundance of food accounts for 1/5 of circulating water body, and food density is 300 ten thousand cells/ml; The unicellular alga bait of throwing something and feeding is flat algae and tower born of the same parents algae; Check the survival and the upgrowth situation of seedling every 10 days, remove dead individuality;
Seed suspends and maintains in the facility 1, cultivates tank 11 length and width height and can be respectively 5000mm, 500mm, 500mm; Cultivating the hole diameter 25mm that tank 11 upper limbs 1/5 place reserves; The spacing of hole can be 400mm; Seed suspends and maintains device 12 diameters and highly be respectively 300mm, high 400mm; The 1/5 hole diameter 10mm of place at an upper portion thereof;
Table 3 embodiment 3 and common silt particle matrix (group in contrast)
Breed the testing result in a week in the middle of carrying out
| Experimental group | (ten thousand/m of density 2) | Survival rate (%) | Growth rate (μ/sky) |
| | ????3000 | ????82.3 | ????19.3 |
| | ????3 | ????40.5 | ????9.4 |
From the result of embodiment 1～3 as seen, adopt the circulating centre of upwelling to breed the centre that system carries out Ruditapes philippinarum and breed, survival rate, growth rate all are significantly higher than control group, and the seedling density of cultivation is 3000～5,000 ten thousand/m
2, the density of collecting seedling exceeds 3 orders of magnitude than the control group that adopts common silt particle matrix.Technology is bred in the circulating centre of upwelling, is applicable to highdensity intertidal shellfish seedling intermediate rearing.
Claims (8)
1. method is bred in a centre that is applicable to intertidal shellfish, it is characterized in that: adopt the circulating centre of upwelling to breed facility, utilize upwelling to make the intertidal shellfish seedling in culture system, be the state of little suspension, in the middle of seedling, breed the stage, realize that the high-servival rate under the conditions of high density is grown fast; Concrete operations can for:
With shell reach 230 μ m or above, enter the end 3～5 days the intertidal shellfish seedling of life of dwelling, transfer to the circulating centre of upwelling and breed facility; Per 2～3 days supplementary schedule cell algae foods, the additional abundance of food accounts for 1/5～1/4 of circulating water body, and food density is 3～500 ten thousand cells/ml; Keep the middle circulation of breeding facility water with the upwelling endless form, the seawater of cultivation is removed protozoa, causal organism and organic granular through sand filtration, cleaning; Check the survival and the upgrowth situation of seedling every 5～10 days, remove dead individuality.
2. according to breeding method in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the circulation method of breeding facility water in the middle of described the maintenance is that detection in per 2～3 days is regulated and control water quality once, the control water quality index reaches following level, 18～24 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26～30, pH7.8～8.0, dissolved oxygen 4.0～5.0ml/L.
3. according to breeding method in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described unicellular alga bait is chrysophyceae, diatom, flat algae, tower born of the same parents algae and/or chlorella.
4. one kind is applicable to that according to claim 1 is described breeding the used centre of method in the middle of the intertidal shellfish breeds facility, it is characterized in that: it is the circulating structure of upwelling that facility is bred in described centre, by seed suspension maintenance facility (1), seawater cycle facilities (2), retaining precipitation purification facility (3) and bait are cultivated the individual sub-facility that is mutually related of facility (4) and are formed, seed suspension maintenance facility (1) is connected from top and retaining precipitation purification facility (3) by seawater cycle facilities (2), retaining precipitation purification facility (3) communicates by the bottom of seawater cycle facilities (2) and seed suspension maintenance facility (1) again, forms upwelling periodic duty mode; Wherein:
Described seed suspends, and maintenance facility (1) is cultivated tank (11) by one and a plurality of seed suspension maintenance device (12) is formed, and described cultivation tank (11) wall upper limb is reserved row of horizontal direction hole alternately; Seed suspension maintenance device (12) is installed in cultivates tank (11) lining, be the cylindrical container structure, its lower end is sealed with screen cloth, and a hole is also offered on Qi Bi top, the hole that connects a drainpipe (13) and cultivate on tank (11) wall links to each other, and is used to discharge the seawater of seed suspension maintenance device (12) lining; Connecing a collector pipe (21) communicates with the drainpipe (13) of each seed suspension maintenance device (12), pipeline by described collector pipe (21) makes seawater enter the cistern of retaining precipitation purification facility (3), make by the seawater of seed suspension maintenance device (12) bottom screen cloth formation upwelling and get back to retaining precipitation purification facility (3), precipitate and purify, and reenter circulation;
Described seawater cycle facilities (2) mainly is made up of collector pipe (21), water pump and seawater conveyance conduit (22), be connected retaining precipitation purification facility (3) and seed suspension maintenance facility (1) by seawater conveyance conduit (22), and bait is cultivated facility (4);
Described retaining precipitation purification facility (3) is made up of cistern, and collected water storage and precipitation purify and be one;
Described bait is cultivated facility (4) can select spacious pond breeding arrangement or closed circulation device for use, will cultivate bait by water pump and water-supply-pipe (22) pipeline and cultivate facility (4) from bait and be transported to cistern.
5. according to breeding technology in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the pipe material of described drainpipe (13), collector pipe (21), water-supply-pipe (22) can be the polyvinylchloride engineering plastics.
6. according to breeding technology in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described seed suspension maintenance facility (1) seawater liquid level water level is higher than retaining precipitation purification facility (3).
7. according to breeding technology in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the mesh of described screen cloth does not spill with seed exceeds, and screen cloth can the replacing formula be installed.
8. according to breeding technology in the middle of the described intertidal shellfish of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described retaining precipitation purification facility (3) is provided with sewage draining exit.
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