CN1473486A

CN1473486A - Method for producing stalk biochemical fodder

Info

Publication number: CN1473486A
Application number: CNA031262864A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙君坡; 曹明军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-08-06
Filing date: 2003-08-06
Publication date: 2004-02-11
Anticipated expiration: 2023-08-06
Also published as: CN1194625C

Abstract

The present invention relates to the method of producing biochemical stalk fodder for farm animal and makes it possible to utilize crop stalk fully. The technological scheme is the production process including crushing stalk, pulping, chemical treating with acid, alkali and ammonia, puffing, steaming, mixing with wheat bran, corn powder, bean cake, fish meal, salt, water and grain enzyme and final anaerobic fermentation.

Description

The production method of stalk biochemistry feed

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of production method of utilizing agricultural crop straw to produce the stalk biochemistry feed of domestic animal fowl feed.

Two, background technology

In the world, how to use be the major issue that the agricultural producer is concerned about to agricultural crop straw.Particularly China is as a large agricultural country, and also produced more than 500,000,000 ton stalk resource every year when producing the food of ton-grain more than 400,000,000, and abundant stalk resource is a human huge treasure-house that does not fully develop as yet.But stalk processing at present is that also fertilizer is made in the field, the 2nd, make feed.Stalk, as cornstalk, straw etc. always labourer be well-known as the feed that keeps fowls, but traditional forage feed mode, just that its hand hay cutter (cutting) is short, eating of this extensive style is that utilization rate or feeding effect are all very low, and waste is serious.Along with science and technology development, agricultural crop straw is turned waste into wealth and has been obtained certain effect, and the State Scientific and Technological Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture just issued the documents as far back as nineteen ninety-five, and includes the 10 years from now on whole nation ten big scientific and technological emphasis tackling key problem and promotion projects in, and includes State Torch Program in.Therefore how effectively developing stalk has been the problem that people were concerned about.

Three, summary of the invention

At above-mentioned situation, the present invention's purpose just provides a kind of production method of stalk biochemistry feed, promptly use modern physics, chemistry, biotechnology is handled stalk, the lignin that livestock and poultry are non-digestible, cellulose becomes carbohydrate through decomposition, lipid and lactic acid, make crop material become the acid of livestock and poultry happiness food through scientific formula, fragrant, sweet, salty and crisp feed, can effectively solve stalk and make the problem that makes full use of of feed, the technical scheme of its solution is, with crushed stalk or making beating, carry out acid again, alkali, ammonia treatment and expanded boiling are carried out premix with the component of handling well afterwards, add zymophyte again and ferment and be finished product, production method of the present invention is simple, wide application both can be used for stalk, can be used for leaf again, weeds etc., abundant raw materials, the biochemical feed quality is good, and the livestock and poultry happiness is edible, and it is applied, opened up the bright prospect of straw utilization, for livestock and poultry breeding industry is made creative contribution.

Four, description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is technological process of production figure of the present invention.

Five, the specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.

Agricultural crop straw can be selected cornstalk according to the needs of feeding different livestock and poultry, straw, peanut seedling, sweet potato vine or the like, have and do blue or green wet two kinds, that does breaks into powder, the blue or green wet slurry that breaks into, through pulverizing beater powder of straw is broken into 2cm-0.001cm (broken more good more), stalk after the pulverizing adds the acid of 0.3-0.5% of stalk weight or the alkali of 0.3-6% or the ammonia of 3-5% again and carries out chemical treatment, in expanded boiling vessel, carry out expanded boiling again, 50 ℃-260 ℃ of temperature, pressure is under 1-20 the atmospheric pressure expanded boiling 20-60 minute, carry out premix then, premix is with by weight percentage: the stalk 65-75% after the expanded boiling, wheat bran 5-7%, corn flour 5-7%, soya-bean cake 10-16%, fish meal 0.5-5% and salt (NaCl) 0.5-1% and grain enzyme and water mix in agitator, the addition of water is by weight for mixing back raw material and water with 100: the ratio of 35-80 adds, be the water that adds 35kg to 80kg in the 100kg raw material, the grain enzyme is formulated with 1: 1 ratio by lactic acid bacteria and wood fibre decomposer, its addition is the 0.1-1% of raw material weight, whole premix is cooled to 5 ℃-40 ℃ after preparing material, at same and outside air, moisture content remains isolated anaerobic fermentation 72-720 hour down, after quality inspection is qualified, can become stalk biochemistry feed (Kg is that 1000g is 1 kilogram, and is as follows).

Embodiment 1: to feed ox, heavy livestocks such as horse are example, the production method of its biochemical feed is by weight: get maize straw or wheat straw stalk 75%, wheat bran 6%, corn flour 6%, soya-bean cake 12%, fish meal 0.5% and salt 0.5% adds water to 56% of raw-material weight and makes through chemical treatment and fermentation, it is long that concrete grammar is that the maize straw with 75kg is crushed to 1cm, add formic acid 300 grams and carry out chemical treatment, put afterwards to the high pressure steamer and carry out expanded boiling, at 100 ℃, pressure is expanded boiling 45 minutes under 4 atmospheric pressure, the broken stalk of 75kg maize straw after the expanded boiling adds wheat bran 6kg, corn flour 6kg, soya-bean cake 12kg, fish meal 0.5kg and salt 0.5kg and water 56kg and grain enzyme 0.1Kg, mix with the premix machine, be cooled to 20 ℃, in fermentation vat,, can feed ox after the passed examination 20 ℃ of bottom fermentations 360 hours, sheep, horse etc.

Embodiment 2: with poultry such as nursing chickens is example, the production method of its biochemical feed is by weight, get peanut seedling stalk 65%, wheat bran 7%, corn flour 7%, soya-bean cake 15%, it is that 50% of raw material weight is made through chemical treatment and fermentation that fish meal 5% and salt 1% adds water, concrete production method is, it is to become powder below 50 orders that the peanut seedling stalk of 65kg is crushed to granularity by pulverizer, add NaOH 2.5kg and carry out chemical treatment, put into autoclave afterwards, warp is at 10 atmospheric pressure, expanded boiling is after 60 minutes under 200 ℃, use the premix machine with wheat bran 7kg again, corn flour 7kg, soya-bean cake kg, fish meal 5kg and salt 1kg add water 50kg and grain enzyme 0.5Kg, after premix is even, be cooled to 30 ℃, pack in the fermentation tank, at 30 ℃ of following anaerobic fermentations 360, hour through getting final product after the assay was approved.

Embodiment 3: to feed pig is example, the production method of its biochemical feed is by weight, get potato seedling 70%, wheat bran 6%, corn flour 7%, soya-bean cake 14%, 80% premix that fish meal 2% and salt 1% adds water to raw material evenly adds 1% fermentation of grain enzyme again and makes, specifically: the meal that dry sweet potato seedling 70kg is crushed to 0.01cm through pulverizer, add liquefied ammonia 2.5kg and carry out chemical treatment, 5 atmospheric pressure in autoclave afterwards, expanded boiling is 45 minutes under 150 ℃, use the premix machine with wheat bran 6kg again, corn flour 7kg, soya-bean cake 14kg, after mixing, fish meal 2kg and salt 1kg add water 80kg, grain enzyme 0.6Kg, put into fermentation vat, be cooled to 25 ℃, at 25 ℃ of following anaerobic fermentations 480 hours (promptly 20 days), through becoming after the assay was approved.The present invention also can be used for the wet stalk after bright blue or green wet stalk or the immersion, is about to stalk and breaks into slurry, and its method is the same, no longer repeats.

It is to be noted in the present invention stalk wanted mildew-resistant, go bad, deposit high drying place, as make slurry that pull an oar to blue or green stalk, after boiling was expanded, crude fibre can reduce by 25.8%, lignin degradation 4.8% as anti-the going rotten of artificial solarization system; It is to change the coarse-fibred structure of stalk that acid, alkali, ammonification handle one, be easy to assimilate, and the 2nd, the content of increase nonprotein nitrogen produces a large amount of bacterium proteins, increases substantially straw feed with being worth; Can make stalk discharge the feed that becomes livestock and poultry happiness food after the nutrition with microbial fermentation with sour fragrance.

The stalk biochemistry feed that the present invention produces meets the production of fodder standard fully, and feeding quality improves greatly, the feed of producing through the method has acid, fragrant, sweet, salty, crisp characteristics, lignin reduces by 10.2%, cellulose reduces by 14.2%, and hemicellulose reduces by 43.8%, and protein improves 15.7%, poultry misses potter edible, and easy to operate with regard to its method itself, supplied materials is wide, cost is low, high efficiency is fed through on probation, beef cattle for example, daily gain can reach 1200 grams, more than sheep 300 grams, more than daily gain in pigs 500 grams, the sheep pig can reach the standard of delivering for sale in 6 months, efficiency of feed utilization improves greatly, and stalk is fully used, and turns waste into wealth, efficiently solve stalk processing over the past thousands of years and tame its feeding a difficult problem with feed, the success of this invention is effective utilization of China's agricultural straw resource, reduces environmental pollution, opened up a brand-new approach for developing three-dimensional organic agriculture and straw animal, be of great immediate significance and strategic importance.

Claims

1, a kind of production method of stalk biochemistry feed, it is characterized in that earlier crushed stalk being pulled an oar into 2cm-0.001cm, stalk after the pulverizing adds the acid of 0.3-0.5% of stalk weight or the alkali of 0.3-6% or the ammonia of 3-5% again and carries out chemical treatment, in expanded boiling vessel, carry out expanded boiling again, 50 ℃-260 ℃ of temperature, pressure is under 1-20 the atmospheric pressure expanded boiling 20-60 minute, carry out premix then, be about to by weight: the stalk 65-75% after the expanded boiling, wheat bran 5-7%, corn flour 5-7%, soya-bean cake 10-16%, fish meal 0.5-5% and salt 0.5-1% and grain enzyme and water mix in agitator, the addition of water is by weight for mixing back raw material and water with 100: the ratio of 35-80 adds, the grain enzyme is formed with 1: 1 proportional arrangement by lactic acid bacteria and wood fibre decomposer, its addition is the 0.1-1% of raw material weight, after whole premix prepares material, be cooled under 5 ℃-40 ℃ at same and outside air, moisture content remains isolated anaerobic fermentation 72-720 hour down.

2, the production method of stalk biochemistry feed according to claim 1, it is long to it is characterized in that being that maize straw with 75Kg is crushed to 1cm, add formic acid 300 grams and carry out chemical treatment, put afterwards to the high pressure steamer and carry out expanded boiling, at 100 ℃, pressure is expanded boiling 45 minutes under 4 atmospheric pressure, the broken stalk of 75Kg maize straw after the expanded boiling adds wheat bran 6Kg, corn flour 6Kg, soya-bean cake 12Kg, fish meal 0.5Kg and salt 0.5Kg and water 56Kg and grain enzyme 0.1Kg, mix with the premix machine, be cooled to 20 ℃, in fermentation vat 20 ℃ of following anaerobic fermentations 360 hours.

3, the production method of stalk biochemistry feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it being that to be crushed to granularity by pulverizer be to become powder below 50 orders for peanut seedling stalk with 65Kg, add NaOH 2.5Kg and carry out chemical treatment, put into autoclave afterwards, through in 10 atmospheric pressure, 200 ℃ expanded boilings after 60 minutes down, again the grain enzyme premix that adds water 50Kg and 0.5Kg with wheat bran 7Kg, corn flour 7Kg, soya-bean cake 15Kg, fish meal 5Kg and salt 1Kg with the premix machine evenly after, be cooled to 30 ℃, pack in the fermentation tank, 30 ℃ of following anaerobic fermentations 360 hours.

4, according to the production method of the described stalk biochemistry feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that it being the meal that dry sweet potato seedling 70Kg is crushed to 0.01cm through pulverizer, add liquefied ammonia 2.5Kg and carry out chemical treatment, 5 atmospheric pressure, 150 ℃ expanded boiling 45 minutes down in autoclave afterwards, use the premix machine with wheat bran 6Kg, corn flour 7Kg, soya-bean cake 14Kg, fish meal 2Kg and salt 1Kg again, water 80kg and grain enzyme 0.6Kg, put into fermentation vat after mixing, be cooled to 25 ℃, 25 ℃ of following anaerobic fermentations 480 hours.