CN1469747A - 三嗪三酮亚砜类在防治球虫病中的应用 - Google Patents
三嗪三酮亚砜类在防治球虫病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1469747A CN1469747A CNA018173292A CN01817329A CN1469747A CN 1469747 A CN1469747 A CN 1469747A CN A018173292 A CNA018173292 A CN A018173292A CN 01817329 A CN01817329 A CN 01817329A CN 1469747 A CN1469747 A CN 1469747A
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Abstract
本发明涉及特定的三嗪三酮衍生物在防治动物,特别是防治猪的球虫病中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及特定的三嗪三酮衍生物在防治动物球虫病中的应用。
球虫病是动物中的一类多发传染病,例如通过球虫属、肉孢子虫属和弓形虫属的原虫引起的亚临床感染在猪中广泛传播。然而,近年来才认识到仔猪腹泻是由猪等孢子虫(Isospora suis)感染引起的并对其进行了非常深入的研究。通常仔猪从母猪或从其它仔猪通过球虫的卵囊(每个卵囊含有2个孢子囊,而每个孢子囊又含有2个子孢子)获得感染。寄生阶段的繁殖发生在猪的小肠绒毛上皮细胞中,而肠外阶段也可在肝、脾和淋巴结中检出。该病的临床表现包括小肠上皮细胞的坏死,炎性损坏从而导致阻碍消化和吸收。急性病症的特点为水样的、灰白至黄色难闻的稀便,这种症状通常会在仔猪的2~3周龄时出现。感染的仔猪增重缓慢。迄今对这种病的处理和治疗还没有得到满意的解决。抗生素不起作用,虽然推荐使用磺胺类药物,但通常治疗都太迟了。其它可能的处理方法又互相矛盾:施用莫能星,安普罗铵或呋喃唑酮不能使试验感染的仔猪不发病。在近来的调查中,尽管一些猪场的卫生状况良好,仍然从最多达92%的仔猪中查出了猪等孢子虫的感染。
从大量的文献中(尤其是DE-OS 2718799,2509037,2532363,2413722,WO 99/62519)已知,各种三嗪三酮类衍生物可用来防治动物的球虫病。
从大量的文献中(例如Driesen et al.,Australian Vet.J.,72(4):139-141,1995;Rommel et al.,Int.J.of Parasit.,17,639-647,1987;Haberkorn und Mundt.,Prakt.Tierarzt,69(4):46,49-51,1988)还知道,一种特殊的三嗪三酮类衍生物托三嗪也可用来治疗猪等孢子虫感染引起的猪的球虫病。
由于现代药物学要满足各种各样的需要,例如有关药物作用的水平,作用的时效,效应谱,应用的范围,毒性,与其它活性成分的结合,与配方助剂的结合或合成,然而,由于可能发生的抗性问题,这类物质的发展从未结束,因而需不断地发展至少在某些方面优于已知化合物的化合物。
其中
R1代表卤代烷基,
R2代表烷基,烷氧基,卤素或SO2N(CH3)2。
式(I)代表的化合物可用DE-OS 2718799,2509037,2532363,2413722,WO 99/62519公开的方法制取。
在按照本发明将式(I)化合物用于治疗动物的球虫病时,与现有技术中已知的化合物相比,它对哺乳动物的毒性特别低,因此明显地优于这些应用中的已知化合物。
用于防治动物球虫病的式(I)化合物中,优选的是式(I)化合物
其中R1 代表具有1~5个卤原子的C1~C4卤代烷基,R2 代表C1~C4烷基,C1~C4烷氧基,卤素或SO2N(CH3)2,以及其生理
上可耐受的盐。
本发明中式(I)化合物中特别优选的是式(I)化合物,其中R1 代表具有1~5个卤原子的C1~C4卤代烷基,R2 代表C1~C4烷基,以及其生理上可耐受的盐。
本发明中式(I)代表的化合物中尤其特别优选的是式(I)化合物,其中R1 代表C1~C4全卤代烷基,R2 代表甲基或乙基,以及其生理上可耐受的盐。
取决于取代基的性质和数量,式(I)化合物可以几何异构体和/或光学异构体或区域异构体或这些异构体不同组成的混合物存在。本发明既要求保护纯的异构体的应用,也要求保护这些异构体的混合物的应用。
带有在优选,特别优选或尤其特别优选等提到的取代基的化合物分别是优选的、特别优选的或尤其特别优选的化合物。
R1定义中所指的卤代烷基,包括作为优选的、特别优选的和尤其特别优选的例子提到的,在每种情况下又优选为氟代烷基。
但是,以上作为一般或作为优选的范围所述的基团定义或释义也可互相任意组合,就是说各自的范围和优选的范围之间可以任意组合。
本发明的化合物在按照本发明用于防治球虫病时可被转换成所有常规的剂型,可以各种给药形式投药。优选的给药途径是口服,特别是口服水悬剂。
优选的剂量为每千克被治疗动物体重给药1mg~500mg,特别优选的剂量为10mg/kg~200mg/kg,尤其特别优选的剂量为20mg/kg~100mg/kg。
适用于动物的制剂为:
溶液,如注射液,口服液,稀释后口服的浓缩液,用于皮肤上或用于体腔的溶液,灌注液,凝胶;
口服或皮肤上用的以及注射用的乳剂和半固态制剂;半固态制剂的例子是悬浮剂,膏剂。
药物的活性成分包含在一种软膏基质中或含在一种水包油或油包水乳剂基质中的制剂;
固态制剂,如粉剂,预混剂或浓缩剂,颗粒剂,丸剂,片剂,大丸剂,胶囊;气雾剂和吸入剂。
注射液通过静脉注射,肌肉注射和皮下注射给药。
注射液是将活性成分溶解在适当的溶剂中制成的,可以加上附加成分,如加溶剂,酸,碱,缓冲盐,抗氧化剂,防腐剂。这类溶液经过滤灭菌,或者如果需要,以无菌操作法制备然后装瓶。
可提及的溶剂为:生理上可耐受的溶剂,如水,醇,如乙醇,丁醇,苯甲醇,甘油,丙二醇,聚乙二醇,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,甘油缩甲醛(Glycerinformal),Solketal(=异亚丙基甘油),二甲基乙酰胺,2-吡咯烷酮,四甘醇(=四氢糠醇的聚乙二醇醚)以及它们的混合物。
也可任选将活性成分溶解在注射用的生理上可耐受的植物油或合成油中。
可提及的加溶剂为能够促进活性成分在主要溶剂中的溶解或者防止它的沉淀的溶剂。例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚乙氧基化脱水山梨醇酯。
防腐剂的例子有苯甲醇,三氯丁醇,对-羟基苯甲酸酯,正丁醇以及有防腐作用的有机酸,例如苯甲酸,丙酸或山梨酸以及它们的盐。防腐剂也可适当地两种或多种一起合用。
口服溶液直接应用。浓缩液先稀释至应用浓度再口服施用。按上面所述的制备注射液的方法制备口服液和浓缩液,其中可省去灭菌工序。
用于皮肤或体腔的溶液是倾倒,抹,涂,喷或用于浸泡。按上面所述的制备注射液的方法制备这些溶液。制备这类溶液时加入增稠剂是特别有利的。
增稠剂有无机增稠剂,如膨润土,硅胶,一硬脂酸铝,有机增稠剂如纤维素衍生物,聚乙烯醇类以及它们的共聚物,丙烯酸酯类和甲基丙烯酸酯类,苍耳烷类(Xanthane)。
凝胶用于涂于或喷于皮肤上或用到体腔内。制备凝胶是用上面所述制备注射液的方法制备的溶液与足够的增稠剂混合在一起,形成一种具有软膏样稠度的清澈的组合物。所用的增稠剂就是此前提到的那些增稠剂。
倾倒制剂是倒在或喷在皮肤上一块规定的区域内,这种情况下活性成分或者穿过皮肤发挥全身作用,或者分布在身体的表面。
倾倒制剂的制备是将活性成分溶解在、悬浮在或乳化在合适的皮肤相容的溶剂或多种溶剂的混合液中。任选加入其它助剂,如着色剂,促吸收物质,抗氧化剂,防光致老化剂和粘合剂。
可提到的溶剂包括水,链烷醇,乙二醇,聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,甘油,芳醇类,如苯甲醇,苯乙醇,苯氧乙醇,酯类,如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丁酯,苄基苯甲酸酯;
醚类,如亚烷基二醇烷基醚,例如二丙二醇一甲醚,二乙二醇一丁基醚,酮类,如丙酮,甲基乙基酮,芳族和/或脂族烃,植物油或合成油类,二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),二甲基乙酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,2,2-二甲基-4-羟甲基-1,3-二氧戊环。
着色剂包括所有被批准用于动物的着色剂,这些着色剂可以溶解或悬浮。
促吸收物质有二甲基亚砜(DMSO),铺展油,如异丙基肉豆蔻酸酯,二丙二醇壬酸酯,硅油,脂肪酸酯,甘油三酯,脂肪醇类。
抗氧化剂包括亚硫酸盐类或偏亚硫酸氢盐类,例如偏亚硫酸氢钾,抗坏血酸,丁基羟基甲苯,丁基羟基苯甲醚,生育酚。
防光致老化剂的例子有来自苯酮类或Novantisolsure的物质。
粘合剂的例子有纤维素衍生物,淀粉衍生物,聚丙烯酸酯类,天然聚合物类,如藻酸盐,明胶。
乳剂可以口服,经皮或注射给药。
乳剂可以是油包水型,或水包油型。
乳剂的制备是将活性成分溶解在一相中,然后借助于合适的乳化剂将其均化,并任选加入其它助剂,如着色剂,促吸收物质,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,防光致老化剂,增加粘度的物质。
作为疏水相(油类)可被提及的是:石蜡油,硅油,天然植物油,如芝麻油,杏仁油,蓖麻油,合成的甘油三酯类,如辛酸甘油二酯,癸酸甘油二酯,具有链长8~12个碳原子的植物脂肪酸或其它特定选择的天然脂肪酸的甘油三酯混合物,饱和的或不饱和的部分甘油酯的混合物,可能也包括含羟基的脂肪酸,C8/C10-脂肪酸的甘油一酯和甘油二酯。
脂肪酸酯如乙基硬脂酸酯,二-正-丁酰己二酸酯,己基月桂酸酯,二丙二醇壬酸酯,中等链长的带支链的脂肪酸与链长16~18个碳原子的饱和脂肪醇的酯,异丙基肉豆蔻酸酯,异丙基棕榈酸酯,链长12~18个碳原子的饱和脂肪醇的辛酸酯/癸酸酯,异丙基硬脂酸酯,油酸油基酯,癸基油酸酯,乙基油酸酯,乙基乳酸酯,蜡状脂肪酸酯,如人造的鸭尾脂腺脂肪,二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯,二异丙基己二酸酯,特别是与后者有关的酯的混合物。
脂肪醇,如异十三醇,2-辛基十二烷醇,十六烷基十八烷醇,油醇。
脂肪酸,例如油酸及其混合物。
作为亲水相可提及:水,醇,例如丙二醇,甘油,山梨醇以及它们的混合物。
作为乳化剂可提及:表面活性剂(包括乳化剂和湿润剂),例如
1.非离子表面活性剂,如聚乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚乙氧基脱水山梨醇一油酸酯,脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯,乙醇,甘油一硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙基硬脂酸酯,烷基酚聚甘醇醚。
2.两性表面活性剂,例如N-十二烷基-β-亚氨基二丙酸二钠盐或卵磷脂。
3.阴离子表面活性剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠,脂肪醇醚硫酸盐,一烷基/二烷基聚甘醇醚原磷酸酯一乙醇胺盐。
4.阳离子表面活性剂如氯化十六烷基三甲铵。
其它合适的助剂有:
增加粘度和稳定乳液的物质,如羧甲基纤维素,甲基纤维素,其它纤维素衍生物和淀粉衍生物,聚丙烯酸盐,藻酸盐,明胶,阿拉伯树胶,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯醇,甲基乙烯醚与马来酸酐的共聚物,聚乙二醇,蜡,胶态的二氧化硅,或提到的这些物质的混合物。
悬浮剂可用于口服,经皮或作为注射剂。其制备为将活性成分悬浮在一种液态载体中,任选加入其它助剂,如润湿剂,消泡剂,着色剂,促吸收物质,悬浮液稳定剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,防光致老化剂,保湿剂。
优选口服悬浮剂,它含有如下成分:
A)式(I)化合物,浓度为0.1~30重量%,特别优选的为1~10重量%。
B)悬浮液稳定剂,如膨润土和/或苍耳烷,每种的浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的为0.05~1重量%。
C)任选的离子或非离子性润湿剂,浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的为0.1~0.5重量%。
D)任选的基于硅氧烷的消泡剂,浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的为0.05~0.5重量%。
E)任选的保湿剂,浓度为1~30重量%,特别优选的为5~20重量%。
F)任选的防腐剂或防腐剂的组合,浓度为0.001~5重量%,特别优选的为0.1~0.5重量%。
G)浓度为调节pH值所必需的任选的酸性或碱性物质。
可提及的液态载体是上述溶剂和均匀的溶剂的混合物,只要它们是药学上可接受的,而且活性成分只很小程度的溶解其中或不溶解。优选使用的液态载体是水。
可提及的用于口服悬浮剂中的润湿剂(分散剂)是表面活性剂,如
1.阴离子表面活性剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠,脂肪醇醚硫酸盐,一烷基/二烷基聚甘醇醚原磷酸酯一乙醇胺盐,木质素磺酸盐或二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯。
2.阳离子表面活性剂如氯化十六烷基三甲铵。
3.两性表面活性剂,例如N-十二烷基-β-亚氨基二丙酸二钠或卵磷脂。
4.非离子表面活性剂,如聚乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚乙氧基脱水山梨醇一油酸酯,脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯,乙醇,甘油一硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,烷基酚聚甘醇醚,普鲁兰尼克(Pluronic)。
合适的消泡剂为基于硅氧烷的那些化合物,如二甲基硅油。
可用的悬浮液稳定剂为此前提到的那些可增加粘度的物质。
可以用常规的保湿剂,如丙二醇,甘油,糖醇类如山梨糖醇,糖类如蔗糖。
合适的防腐剂是专业人员已知的,例子在此前已经都提到了。优选使用有防腐性能的有机酸,例如苯甲酸,丙酸或山梨酸以及它们的盐。防腐剂也可以两种或多种联合使用,优选的是丙酸钠与苯甲酸钠联合使用。
适用于调节pH值的酸、碱物质为常规的药学上可接受的酸、碱和缓冲剂。
可用的酸为:盐酸,柠檬酸和酒石酸。可用的碱为:碱金属的氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾;碱金属和碱土金属的碳酸盐,如碳酸钠,以及胺类,如单乙醇胺,二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
基于磷酸盐的缓冲体系为合适的缓冲体系。
优选的pH范围为2~10,特别是3~7。
活性物质在悬浮液中优选以微分散的形式使用,并且通常颗粒大小分布为0.1~100μm,优选的为1~50μm。
可用的助剂为上面提到的那些。
膏剂可口服或经皮给药。它们因其较高的粘度而与前面描述过的流体到浓流体悬浮液和乳液不同。含Ponazuril(=Toltrazuril-Sulfon)的膏剂已在WO 99/62519中描述过了。
优选含有式(I)化合物的口服膏剂,其特征为:
a)活性成分以颗粒状存在,大小为1×10-6m,最大的颗粒50×10-6m,浓度为0.1~20重量%。
b)具有丙烯酸含量为56~68重量%和分子量约为3×106、用碱金属或碱土金属碱类中和的聚丙烯酸,浓度为0.1~5重量%。
c)任选加有保湿剂,浓度为5~30重量%。
d)任选加有防腐剂,浓度为0.01~0.5重量%。
e)其余部分用水加到100重量%。
在这些膏剂中活性成分的浓度为5重量%~20重量%,特别优选的为10重量%~15重量%。
用于这些膏剂中的聚丙烯酸优选被用碱金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐中和。按照本发明的配剂中聚丙烯酸的浓度为0.2重量%~1重量%,优选为0.5重量%。这些都有市售,而且也是药典中已知的,例如其商品名称为Carbomer 934 P。
用于这种膏剂中的防腐剂优选为对羟基苯甲酸酯(Parabene),如4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯或4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯。为有效地防腐这些防腐剂可以单用,或联合使用。它们的浓度通常为0.01~0.5重量%。
在所述膏剂中可以任选地含有保湿剂,如甘油或1,2-丙二醇。所用保湿剂的浓度为5~30重量%,优选的为10~20%重量%。
在所述膏剂中活性成分以颗粒状存在,大小为1×10-6m~10×10-6m,优选的为1×10-6m~5×10-6m。最大的颗粒为50×10-6m,优选最大颗粒为30×10-6m。颗粒的大小是用激光散射法测定的(例如用一种Malvern Mastersizer检测仪)。这种膏剂是将单独的成分混合在一起制成的。其稠度可通过增加或减少水的量来调节。希望的是一种膏样稠度,这样可以用合适的器具(如注射器,管,刮勺等)进行口服给药。
为制备固体制剂,将活性成分与适当的载体任选在加入助剂的情况下混合,并做成所希望的形状。
可提及的载体是所有生理上可耐受的惰性固态物质。无机和有机物被用作载体。无机物的例子包括氯化钠,碳酸盐例如碳酸钙,碳酸氢盐,氧化铝,硅石,矾土,沉淀的或胶体的二氧化硅,磷酸盐。
有机物的例子包括糖,纤维素,人的和动物的食品,如奶粉,动物食用粉,谷物面粉和粗粉,淀粉。
助剂包括此前已经提到的防腐剂,抗氧化剂,着色剂。
其它合适的助剂还包括润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸,滑石,膨润土,促进分解的物质,例如淀粉或交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,粘合剂如淀粉,明胶或线性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,以及干燥的粘合剂如微晶纤维素。
活性成分也可以上述固体或液态制剂的形式封装在胶囊中。
活性成分也可以气雾剂形式应用。为此目的,将活性成分在压力下以一种适当制剂的形式微细分布。
将活性成分制成缓释剂剂型施用也是有利的。
活性成分的给药优选与饲料和/或饮水同时进行。
饲料包括植物源的饲料成分,如干草,甜菜,谷类,谷类制品,动物源的饲料成分包括肉,脂肪,奶制品,骨粉,鱼制品,饲料成分还包括维生素类,蛋白质类,氨基酸类,例如DL-蛋氨酸,盐类,如碳酸钙和氯化钠。饲料还包括补剂、现成的饲料和混合的饲料。它们以组分的形式含有这些饲料,而这些组分可以通过提供能量和蛋白质以及提供维生素、矿物盐和微量元素的形式保证有一个平衡的饮食结构。
饲料中活性物质的浓度一般为约0.01ppm~500ppm,优选0.1ppm~50ppm。
活性物质可以其本身的形式加到饲料中,也可以预混形式或浓缩饲料形式加到饲料中。
预混饲料和浓缩饲料是活性物质与合适载体的混合物。
载体包括饲料成分或它们的混合物。
此外,它们可以含有其它助剂,例如调节流动性和混合性的物质,如硅石,膨润土,木素磺酸盐。另外还可加入抗氧化剂如BHT,或防腐剂如山梨酸或丙酸钙。
通过饮水给药的浓缩物必须如此配制,使其在与饮水混合时形成一种清澈的溶液或稳定的均质悬浮液。
因此,合适的载体为水溶性物质(饲料添加剂),如糖或盐(例如柠檬酸盐,磷酸盐,氯化钠,碳酸钠)。
它们同样可含有抗氧化剂和防腐剂。
由于这些活性成分对温血动物的毒性非常低,因此适合按本发明用于在动物饲养业中防治有用动物、饲养动物、动物园动物、实验室动物和试验动物及宠物的寄生原虫。而且它们对这些寄生原虫的所有各阶段都有效,对抗性株和正常敏感株的寄生原虫也都有效。防治这些寄生原虫是为了减少疾病、死亡以及效益的下降(例如肉、奶、毛、皮革、蛋、蜜等的产量),因此通过使用本发明的活性物质可以更经济而且更简单地饲养动物。
寄生的原生动物包括:
鞭毛纲(Flagellata)如锥虫科,例如布鲁斯锥虫(Trypanosomabrucei),冈比锥虫(T.gambiense),罗德森锥虫(T.rhodesiense),T.congolense,克鲁兹锥虫(T.Cruzi),伊氏锥虫(T.evansi),马锥虫(T.equihum),刘氏锥虫(T.lewisi),鲈鱼锥虫(T.percae),T.simiae,活跃锥虫(T.vivax),巴西利什曼虫(Leishmaniabrasililensis),多氏利什曼虫(L.donovani),热带利什曼虫(L.tropica),如毛滴虫科,例如吸吮贾弟虫(Giardia lamblia),犬贾弟虫(G.canis)。
肉鞭毛虫门(Rhizopoda)如内阿米巴科,例如痢疾内变形虫(Entamoeba histolytica),哈氏阿米巴科,例如棘阿米巴属(Acanthamoeba sp.),哈氏阿米巴属(Hartmanella sp)。
Apicomplexa(Sporozoa),如艾美科,例如堆形艾美球虫(Eimeria acervulina),腺样艾美球虫(E.adenoids),阿州艾美球虫(E.alabahmensis),鸭艾美球虫(E.anatis),鹅艾美球虫(E.anseris),阿氏艾美球虫(E.arloingi),E.ashata,奥门艾美球虫(E.auburnensis),牛艾美球虫(E.bovis),波氏艾美球虫(E.brunetti),犬艾美球虫(E.canis),E.chinchillae,E.clupearum,鸽艾美球虫(E.columbae),E.contorta,槌状艾美球虫(E.crandalis),德氏艾美球虫(E.debliecki),散布艾美球虫(E.dispersa),椭圆艾美球虫(E.ellipsoidales),镰刀形艾美球虫(E.falciformis),福氏艾美球虫(E.faurei),E,flavescens,E.gallopavonis,哈氏艾美球虫(E.hagani),肠艾美球虫(E.intestinalis),E.iroquoina,无残艾美球虫(E.irresidua),唇艾美球虫(E.labbeana),勒氏艾美球虫(E.leucarti),大艾美球虫(E.magna),巨型艾美球虫(E.maxima),中型艾美球虫(E.media),珠鸡艾美球虫(E.meleagridis),E.meleagrimitis,和缓艾美球虫(E.mitis),尼氏艾美球虫(E.necatrix),尼纳艾美球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae),E.ovis,小艾美球虫(E.parva),孔雀艾美球虫(E.pavonis),穿孔艾美球虫(E.perforans),E.phasani,梨形艾美球虫(E.pikriformis),塞前艾美球虫(E.praecox),E.residua,粗糙艾美球虫(E.scabra),艾美球虫属(E.spec.),兔肝艾美球虫(E.stiedai),猪艾美球虫(E.suis),柔嫩艾美球虫(E.tenella),树艾美球虫(E.truncata),E.truttae,邱氏艾美球虫(E.zuernii),球孢子虫属(Globidium spec.),贝氏等孢子虫(Isospora belli),犬等孢子虫(I.canis),猫等孢子虫(I.felis),I.ohioensis,I.rivolta,等孢子属(I.spec.),猪等孢子虫(I.suis),Neospora carinum,N.Hugesi,Cystisospora属,隐孢子属(Cryptosporidium spec.),如弓浆虫科,例如鼠弓浆虫(Toxoplasma gondii),如肉孢子虫科,例如牛犬肉孢子虫(Sarcocystis bovicanis),牛人肉孢子虫(S.bovihominis),S.neurona,S.ovicanis,S.ovifelis,肉孢子虫属(S.spec.),猪人肉孢子虫(S.suihominis),如Leucozoidae,例如Leucozytozoonsimondi,如疟虫科,例如柏氏疟虫(Plasmodium berghei),恶性疟原虫(P.falciparum),三日疟原虫(P.malariae),蛋形疟原虫(P.ovale),间日疟原虫(P.vivax),疟虫属(P.spec.),如焦虫目,例如Babesia argentina,牛巴贝虫(B.bovis),犬巴贝虫(B.canis),巴贝虫属(B.spec.),小泰来虫(Theileria parva),泰来虫属(T.spec.),如阿德尔球虫目(Adeleina),例如犬肝簇虫(Hepatozooncanis),肝簇虫属(H.spec)。
此外还有粘孢子门和微孢子门,例如格留虫属(Glugeaspec.),微粒子虫属(Nosema spec.)。
此外还有卡氏肺囊虫,以及纤毛门(Ciliata)如结肠肠袋虫(Balantidium coli),Ichthiophthirius属,车轮虫属(Trichodinaspec.),累枝虫属(Epistylis spec.)。
本发明的化合物在防治昆虫的寄生原虫时也是有效的。可能提到的这类寄生原虫包括小孢子虫门,特别是小孢子虫属(Nosema),特别提到的是蜜蜂的蜂小孢子虫(Nosema apis)。
特别强调的原虫是那些导致猪的亚临床感染的属、种的原虫,尤其是:Trypanosoma congolense simae,T.vivax vivax,T.congolense congolense,T.brucei evansi,Tritrichomonassuis,Trichomitus rotunda, Tetratrichomonas buttreyi,Eimeriadeblliecki,猪艾美球虫,粗糙艾美球虫,E.perminuta,E.spinosa,E.polita,E.porci,E.neodebliecki,Isospora suis,Cryptosporidium,Toxoplasma gondii,Sarcocystismiescheriana,S.suihominis,Babesia trautmanni,B.perroncitoi,Balantidium coli.
农业和畜牧业的动物包括哺乳类的如牛,马,绵羊,猪,山羊,骆驼,水牛,驴,兔,黇鹿,驯鹿,皮毛动物如水貂,灰鼠,浣熊,鸟类如鸡,鹅,火鸡,鸭,鸽子,家养和动物园饲养的鸟类。还包括有益的和观赏的鱼类。此处应特别强调所有种、亚种和品种的猪。
实验和试验动物包括小鼠,大鼠,豚鼠,金花鼠,犬和猫。
宠物包括犬和猫。
鱼包括生活在淡水和咸水中各年龄段的有用的、养殖的、水族箱饲养的和观赏用的鱼类。有用的和养殖的鱼类包括鲤鱼,鳗鲡,鲑鱼,白鱼,大麻哈鱼,乌鲂,拟鲤,红眼鱼,鲐鱼(Dbel),鳎鱼,鲽鱼,大比目鱼,日本黄尾鱼(Seriola quinqueradiata),日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica),红海乌鲂(Pagurus major),海鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax),灰梭鱼(Mugilus cephalus),小斑鲳,隆颈海乌鲂(Sparus aurata),罗非鱼(Tilapia spp.),观赏用的种类包括斜纹鱼(plagioscion),海峡猫鱼。本发明的组合物特别适用于处理鱼苗,例如体长2~4cm的鲤鱼鱼苗。该组合物也特别适合于鳗鲡的生长。
下列实施例用于说明本发明,但本发明并不仅限于此:制备实施例
一般制备方法
下面提到的悬浮液可用以下方法制备:
在各种情况下,将这些物质一起搅拌,直到形成一种均匀的悬浮液,将pH值调到所要求的范围。对此任选在约80℃或约40℃将悬浮液稳定剂膨润土或藻酸钠分散于其中。悬浮液配好后将其倒入合适的容器中。
下列配方中各种成分的量以克(g)为单位。
例1(悬浮液)
托三嗪亚砜细粉 10.0
Polyoxyl-35-蓖麻油 5.0
对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯 0.075
对-羟基苯甲酸内酯 0.025
羰甲基纤维素钠 1.0
软化水 加到100.0g
例2
(悬浮液)
托三嗪亚砜细粉 1.0
对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯 0.075
对-羟基苯甲酸内酯 0.025
藻酸钠* 1.0
软化水 加到100.0g
*40℃分散
例3
(悬浮液)
托三嗪亚砜细粉 50.0
膨润土** 3.5
苍耳烷 3.0
磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠 2.5
Simethicon乳液 1.0
苯甲酸钠 2.0
丙酸钠 2.0
柠檬酸粉 4.0~10.0
1,2-丙二醇 105.0
软化水 加到1030.0g
用适当量的柠檬酸将pH值调到3.4~4.2。
**如制造商所推荐,优选先将膨润土置于水悬浮液中加热到80℃,膨胀后再与其它成分一起处理形成悬浮剂。
Claims (7)
1.式(I)化合物及其生理上可耐受的盐用于防治动物球虫病的应用
其中
R1代表卤代烷基,
R2代表烷基,烷氧基,卤素或SO2N(CH3)2。
2.按照权利要求1的式(I)化合物用于制备抗球虫病的组合物的应用。
3.按照权利要求1应用,其特征在于权利要求1的式(I)化合物以水性口服悬浮液的形式给药。
4.按照权利要求1应用的组合物,其特征在于该组合物为一种权利要求1的式(I)化合物的可口服的悬浮液。
5.按照权利要求4的组合物,其特征为该组合物为一种水悬浮液。
6.按照权利要求4的组合物,包含
A)式(I)化合物,浓度为0.1~30重量%,特别优选的浓度为1~10重量%,
B)悬浮液稳定剂,例如膨润土和/或苍耳烷,各自的浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的浓度为0.05~1重量%,
C)任选的离子或非离子类型的润湿剂,浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的浓度为0.1~0.5重量%,
D)任选的消泡剂,例如基于聚硅氧烷的消泡剂,浓度为0.01~5重量%,特别优选的浓度为0.05~0.5重量%,
E)任选的保湿剂,浓度为1~30重量%,特别优选的浓度为5~20重量%,
F)任选的防腐剂或防腐剂的组合,浓度为0.0 01~5重量%,特别优选的浓度为0.1~0.5重量%,
G)任选的酸性或碱性物质,其以调节pH值所必需的浓度存在。
7.防治动物球虫病的方法,其特征是给有关的动物施用包含权利要求1所定义的式(I)化合物的组合物。
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JP7350759B2 (ja) | 2018-02-26 | 2023-09-26 | アルゼキュア ファーマ アーべー | ニューロトロフィンに関連する疾患を治療するためのトリアジン誘導体 |
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