CN1448382A - 从卤虾粉提取、制备、纯化二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种从卤虾粉提取、制备、纯化二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的方法,它是将卤虾粉与石油醚混合,在60~90℃下,回流萃取,回收石油醚,经干燥,得总脂。将所得的总脂与5%乙醇钠-乙醇溶液混合,在50~70℃于黑暗中反应2~5小时,过滤除去沉淀蒸去乙醇,用水洗涤,静置分层后弃去下层水层,反复用水洗涤,直至pH达到7,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,即得不饱和脂肪酸乙酯。将所得的不饱和脂肪酸乙酯上涂银硅胶柱进行层析,用丙酮-正己烷溶液梯度洗脱,分部收集洗脱液,减压蒸去溶剂,得高纯度的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及二十二碳六烯酸乙酯和卤虾粉。
二、背景技术
卤虾是一种滤食性的海洋原生动物,是营养丰富、味道鲜美的虾类低等生物。卤虾不仅含有丰富的蛋白质,而且还含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,其中二十二碳六酸(DHA)占总脂肪酸的9.79%。
据近年来一系列研究表明,DHA具有降血脂、降血压、促进大脑发育,调节体内抗氧化能力等重要生理功能,在维护生物膜的结构和功能、治疗心血管疾病以及抗炎、抗癌等方面起重要作用,是人及动物生长发育所必需的生物活性物质。目前已广泛应用于医药、保健食品和化妆品等领域。由于不饱和脂肪酸容易氧化,一般应用其乙酯,即二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(DHA-E),DHA-E进入人体后,水解成活性成分DHA。
“卤虾蛋白粉加工工艺”(专利号CN01107982.7)介绍了一种制备卤虾蛋白粉的方法。本发明在此基础上进行了改进。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种从卤虾粉提取、制备、纯化,得到高质量的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种从卤虾粉提取、制备、纯化二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的方法,它由下列步骤组成:
步骤一、将卤虾粉与石油醚按1公斤比9~12升的比例混合,在60~90℃下,回流萃取,减压蒸馏,回收石油醚,经真空干燥,得棕红色油状物,即为总脂,
步骤二、将步骤一所得的总脂与5%乙醇钠-乙醇溶液按重量比1比3~5的比例混合,在50~70℃的水浴中加热,于黑暗中反应2~5小时,过滤除去沉淀蒸去滤液中的乙醇,用蒸馏水洗涤油状物,静置分层后弃去下层水层,上层液体反复用水洗涤,直至pH达到7,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,得到红棕色液体,即为不饱和脂肪酸乙酯,
步骤三、将步骤二所得的不饱和脂肪酸乙酯上涂银硅胶柱进行层析,用丙酮-正己烷溶液梯度洗脱,分部收集洗脱液,减压蒸去溶剂,得高纯度的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯。
在上述方法的步骤二中上层液体用水洗涤,pH值不易达到7时,可以加入稀盐酸中和,使其pH达到7,并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,再用去离子水洗至无氯离子。
本发明的方法经济实用,能得到高纯度的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯,适用于工业化生产。
四、具体实施方式
实施例1.卤虾的预处理:
(1)把卤虾用清水洗净,用漂浮法除去杂草,卤蝇、卤蛆等杂质,然后用浓度为15Be~18Be的纯净卤水采取悬浮法除去卤虾体外泥沙等物质,清洗过滤后得净卤虾;
(2)将净卤虾用50~60℃的温度干燥,制成干虾片或干虾粉。因为卤虾富含不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质等多种活性物质,物料干燥温度的高低以及干燥时间的长短对卤虾热敏性营养物质的影响很大,温度越高,时间越长,热敏性营养物质损失越多,对DHA含量较高的卤虾加工十分不利。所以本项发明采用60℃以下,真空、振动、充氮、干燥粉碎一体化工业性生产,既满足了产品加工需要,又大大减低了加工工序和生产成本;
(3)将干燥后的卤虾进行粉碎成180~250目的干粉;
(4)将干燥的卤虾粉用吹风机分离杂质,该过程可以一次完成,也可以反复风吹分离。
采取上述工艺流程制得的卤虾粉通过国家农业部的鉴定,具有很高的技术指标:蛋白质60%;脂肪15%;水分不大于5%;灰分(含甲壳素不容性)不大于12%,无机砷不大于1毫克/千克。其中DHA占总脂的9.79%。
实施例2.DHA提取、制备和纯化:
(1)首先,从卤虾粉中提取总脂
卤虾中总脂肪的提取:称取300克卤虾粉,与2700毫升石油醚混合,在60~90℃下,回流萃取,减压回收溶剂,经真空干燥,得棕红色油状物110克,即为总脂。
(2)其次,将不饱和脂肪酸乙酯化。
将5%乙醇钠-乙醇溶液330克与油状物混合。置于三颈烧瓶中,接冷凝回流装置,在50~70℃水浴中加热,于黑暗中反应2小时。反应完毕后,过滤除去沉淀,蒸去滤液中的乙醇,并用蒸馏水反复洗涤,静置分层后弃去下层水层。上层液体要反复洗涤,必要时加入稀盐酸中和,直至pH值达到7为止,并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,再用去离子水洗至无氯离子后,最后用无水硫酸钠干燥后,得到红棕色液体,即得不饱和脂肪酸乙酯。
在步骤(1)中用3600毫升石油醚萃取;在步骤(2)中用550克5%乙醇钠-乙醇溶液,其结果基本不变。
(3)然后,采用涂银硅胶柱层析一梯度浓度洗脱法纯化DHA:
a.涂银硅胶柱的制备:
将100g层析用硅胶加至200ml无水乙醇中,搅拌混合成悬浮液,加入硝酸银溶液(10g AgNO3加至35ml 70%的乙醇中),再搅拌10min,蒸去乙醇。将所得的涂银硅胶置于烘箱中,于120℃高温活化(12h以上),冷却后,于避光处保存。
取直径为2.5cm,高10cm以上的层析柱.取活化的涂银硅胶20g加入约40ml正己烷制成悬浮液,装柱,使涂银硅胶柱柱高9cm左右。
b.加样,洗脱:
滴加1.0g多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯于柱面上,配制丙酮浓度为0.5%、1%、5%、10%、15%、20%(v/v)的丙酮-正己烷溶液各25毫升作为洗脱液。按浓度由低到高依次洗脱,流速控制在2.0-1.3ml/min,分别收集各个不同浓度梯度的流出液做气相色谱分析。在洗脱液丙酮浓度达到20%是,分5步收集,得到的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯纯度依次为91.29%、97.26%、97.6%、97.89%、100%的高纯度的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯,其中100%纯度的得率在20%左右。UV检测显示,其在正己烷中于200nm处有一吸收峰,其EI-MS检测,其M/Z值为357,均与标样(购于sigma公司)一致。
以上实验经放大,可得到近似结果,表明该制备、纯化方法适用于工业化生产。
Claims (2)
1.一种从卤虾粉提取、制备、纯化二十二碳六烯酸乙酯的方法,其特征是它由下列步骤组成:
步骤一、将卤虾粉与石油醚按1公斤比9~12升的比例混合,在60~90℃下,回流萃取,减压蒸馏,回收石油醚,经真空干燥,得棕红色油状物,即为总脂,
步骤二、将步骤一所得的总脂与5%乙醇钠-乙醇溶液按重量比1比3~5的比例混合,在50~70℃的水浴中加热,于黑暗中反应2~5小时,过滤除去沉淀蒸去滤液中的乙醇,用蒸馏水洗涤油状物,静置分层后弃去下层水层,上层液体反复用水洗涤,直至pH达到7,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,得到红棕色液体,即为不饱和脂肪酸乙酯,
步骤三、将步骤二所得的不饱和脂肪酸乙酯上涂银硅胶柱进行层析,用丙酮-正己烷溶液梯度洗脱,分部收集洗脱液,减压蒸去溶剂,得高纯度的二十二碳六烯酸乙酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是:在步骤二中,上层液体用水洗涤,加入稀盐酸中和,使其pH达到7,并用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,再用去离子水洗至无氯离子。
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