CN1441690A - 血液成分分离盘 - Google Patents

血液成分分离盘 Download PDF

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CN1441690A
CN1441690A CN01808744A CN01808744A CN1441690A CN 1441690 A CN1441690 A CN 1441690A CN 01808744 A CN01808744 A CN 01808744A CN 01808744 A CN01808744 A CN 01808744A CN 1441690 A CN1441690 A CN 1441690A
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詹姆斯R·埃尔斯沃斯
斯蒂文F·蒂韦斯克
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Abstract

一种用于成分离心分离的分离盘(4)被设计成在分离过程中自动地位于上层清液和剩余成分之间的分界面处。优选地，分界面位于血浆和红血球之间。

Description

血液成分分离盘
技术领域
本发明涉及将流体分离成具有不同比重成分的方法和装置。本发明发现了在血液成分离心分离中的特殊用途。
背景技术
将血液离心分离成具有不同比重的成分，如红血球、白血球、血小板和血浆的方法已在美国专利5707331(威尔斯)中公开。该专利使用的装置使用了具有两个室的一次性的处理管，待分离的血液被放置在其中一个室内。该处理管离心放置，向血液施加离心力以分离血液成分。然后上层清液自动移注(decant)到第二个室中。
主要为了在移注上层清液的过程中保留红血球，上述专利公开的装置包括第一室中的隔板，该隔板位于红血球和包括血浆在内的低浓度成分之间的分界面的期望位置。但是，上述专利所示布局的一个问题是：分界面的位置随待处理的血液成分的特定比例(如血球比例)而变化。因而，如果隔板位于具有平均血球比例的血液的分界面的期望位置，并且待处理的特殊血液的血球比例偏低，则在分离完成后隔板将会高出分界面。隔板的这种位置在移注过程中会阻碍靠近分界面的血液成分的流动，从而使大量的该血液成分保留在第一室中并降低了系统的分离效率。
发明内容
根据本发明，在第一室中设置一个可移动的分离盘，它可以自动地位于分离成分之间的分界面处。在优选的实施例中，该分离盘能够垂直移动并设计成在血液离心分离过程中自动地位于红血球和剩余成分之间的分界面处。
上层清液的移注可以通过自重排液或离心迁移，该分离盘的主要功能是在移注过程中限制其下方成分(例如：红血球)的流动。这确保了上层清液不被污染并提高了处理效率。
本发明提供了分离盘的两个实施例。在一个实施例中，分离盘被支撑在中心轴上，从而在分离盘的外周和第一室的内表面之间形成环带。环带的尺寸使得在移注过程中的红血球的流动受到限制，从而红血球不能对移注的上层清液造成任何严重污染。
在另一个实施例中，分离盘被安装在轴上，从而当室倾斜以进行自重移注时，分离盘旋转使得盘的一侧边缘与室的壁接合以阻挡红血球的流动。
在上述任何一个实施例中，可以选择分离盘的比重及其形状，以至于上表面的大部分刚好低于分界面，从而有助于在移注过程中使上层清液与盘分离。而且该上表面最好弯曲以适应在离心过程中分界面呈现出的圆柱形。
附图说明
图1a是根据本发明第一实施例的处理管室的一部分以及分离盘的纵向截面图。
图1b是沿图1a中的1b-1b线截取的横向截面图。
图2a是当分离盘在移注过程中图1a和图1b的实施例的纵向截面图。
图2b是沿图2a中的2b-2b线截取的横向截面图。
图3a是本发明第二实施例的纵向截面图。
图3b是沿图3a中的3b-3b线截取的横向截面图。
图4是本发明第三实施例的纵向截面图。
具体实施方式
参见图1和图2，如‘331威尔斯专利提到的处理管的一个室2，具有根据本发明的分离盘4，其内由中心轴6支撑。轴6设计成将进入室中的流体引导向室的底部。这排除了在室的底部形成气泡的可能性，特别是当室的底部带有锥度时。从而，通过把与装有血液的注射器相连的套管插入轴6并将血液从注射器排放到室中，流体进入到室中。分离盘中的中心孔8以如下方式容纳轴6：使得分离盘可以沿着轴容易地滑动。
并不是所有情况下都需要轴6，例如，当处理管的底部平坦时。在这种情况下，分离盘不带有中心轴。
分离盘最好由如下材料制成：该材料的比重使得分离盘漂浮在与红血球的分界面上。在优选的实施例中比重为1.04(即，聚苯乙烯)，其刚好小于血球比例为70％的红血球的比重。因而，当血液离心运动时，分离盘移动到红血球和其它成分之间的分界面处。
该分界面将会自然地呈现出圆柱形，其圆柱半径等于到离心器旋转中心的距离。分离盘可以是圆柱形的，以适合分界面的形状。
在图1a、1b、2a和2b所示的实施例中，孔8和轴6的直径使得在轴的外表面和孔8的内表面之间形成环形的间隙10。类似地，在盘的外周和管2的内表面之间形成环形间隙12。
图1a和1b示出了在离心过程中分离盘的位置，并且应当理解：间隙10和12大到足以通过下沉的较重成分(如红血球)以及上升的较轻成分(如血浆)。但是，根据该实施例，中心孔8的直径大到在移注过程中分离盘可以如图中那样转动。因而，当处理管旋转到移注位置时，已经聚集在分离盘下方的更加稠密的红血球(如标记14所示)在它们试图流过间隙12时向分离盘的底部施加了一个力。如图2a和2b所示，该力导致分离盘4旋转，直到下部外边缘16以及上部外边缘18的一部分与室2的内表面接合为止。盘的边缘16与室的内表面的这种接合有效地形成了阀门，该阀门防止红血球流过，允许血浆上层清液的移注而不会被红血球污染。应当理解，该实施例要求边缘16和18之间的盘的横向尺寸大于管的内径，以便边缘在倾斜时与管的内部接合。
图3a和3b示出了第二实施例。根据该实施例，将间隙10减小。与图1和2所示的实施例相反，盘在移注过程中不能大幅度旋转。应当理解，间隙12形成环形通道，该通道的宽度等于间隙的径向尺寸，长度等于盘边缘的厚度。流体通过该通道的流速是通道尺寸的函数，该实施例的盘的尺寸使得红血球在1G下不能大量地流过通道。在优选的实施例中，间隙的宽度约为0.005英寸到0.020英寸，长度约为0.1英寸到0.3英寸。
从而，血液成分在离心过程中流过通道(即，在1000G)，但在1G的移注过程中不能大量地流过通道。这使得上层清液能够被移注而不会被红血球显著污染。
图4示出了分离盘的优选形状。在该实施例中，盘的顶面20内凹，优选为圆柱形。盘还带有一个伸长的部分22。选择盘体材料的比重，以便内凹表面20刚好位于分界面下方。也就是说，选择外边缘的厚度、部分22的长度和材料的比重，使得盘的浮力中心刚好高出内凹表面，从而该表面将会刚好位于与红血球的分界面26下方。该结构使得在上表面上形成一小层红血球24。
红血球层24减小了分界面26处的血小板和盘的表面20之间的表面张力，并有助于使血小板与盘分离。这对于确保所有的血小板都被移注，以及能够与上层清液一同移注的少量红血球通常不会对上层清液造成显著的污染，是非常重要的。
在所附权利要求范围内的修改对于本领域的技术人员将会是显而易见的。

Claims (16)

1.在组合体中，包括：盛有受到离心处理的流体的管子；以及所述管子内的分离盘，用于分离所述流体中的具有不同比重的成分，所述盘由比重接近分界面处的成分的比重的材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1的组合体，其中所述盘装配在所述管中，在所述盘的外周和所述管的内部之间形成间隙，所述间隙的尺寸使得在分离后所述盘下方的所述成分在约1G下不会流过所述间隙。
3.根据权利要求1的组合体，其中还包括一根轴，该轴沿所述管延伸并与所述盘接合，从而所述盘沿所述轴滑动。
4.根据权利要求1的组合体，其中所述盘被设置成绕垂直于所述管的纵轴的一根轴转动，以便在移注过程中与所述管的侧面共同形成阀门。
5.根据权利要求4的组合体，其中还包括一根轴，该轴沿所述管延伸并与所述盘接合，从而所述盘沿所述轴滑动。
6.根据权利要求4的组合体，其中所述盘包括一个上部外边缘和一个下部外边缘，上部外边缘和下部外边缘之间的横向尺寸大于所述管的内径。
7.根据权利要求1的组合体，其中上表面是弯曲的。
8.根据权利要求7的组合体，其中所述上表面是圆柱形的。
9.根据权利要求1的组合体，其中所述盘的形状使得其浮力中心高出盘的上表面。
10.根据权利要求9的组合体，其中所述盘的比重使得其上表面刚好位于血浆和红血球的分界面下方。
11.一种防止流体从管中流出的物件，该物件大致为盘状并具有上升的边缘部分，从而该物件的浮力中心高出其上表面。
12.一种移注已经从流体中分离出来的上层清液的方法，包括以下步骤：将一个漂浮分离盘放置在所述流体中；使所述清液与所述流体分离；以及移注所述清液，其中所述分离盘自动地位于或靠近所述流体的所述上层清液和剩余成分之间的分界面。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述盘在所述上层清液的移注过程中限制所述剩余成分的移注。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述盘在移注过程中旋转到如下位置，即所述盘的至少一个边缘与其中盛有所述流体的容器的壁接合的位置。
15.根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述盘在所述盘的外边缘和其中盛有所述流体的容器的内壁之间形成通道，所述通道在所述上层清液的移注过程中限制所述剩余成分的流动。
16.根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述盘处于这样一种位置，即它的上表面刚好位于所述上层清液和所述剩余成分之间的分界面的下方。
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CN101952006A (zh) * 2007-12-07 2011-01-19 丰收技术股份有限公司 用于分离血液成分的浮动盘
CN102458661A (zh) * 2009-05-15 2012-05-16 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN104190487A (zh) * 2009-05-15 2014-12-10 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN102458661B (zh) * 2009-05-15 2015-11-25 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN105214750A (zh) * 2009-05-15 2016-01-06 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN104190487B (zh) * 2009-05-15 2016-12-07 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN105214750B (zh) * 2009-05-15 2017-07-28 贝克顿·迪金森公司 密度相分离装置
CN104010672A (zh) * 2011-12-20 2014-08-27 瑞崴制造股份有限公司 血液分离装置
CN104010672B (zh) * 2011-12-20 2016-01-13 瑞崴制造股份有限公司 血液分离装置

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US20150290661A1 (en) 2015-10-15
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