CN1427524A - 一种电动机 - Google Patents

一种电动机 Download PDF

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CN1427524A
CN1427524A CN02157433A CN02157433A CN1427524A CN 1427524 A CN1427524 A CN 1427524A CN 02157433 A CN02157433 A CN 02157433A CN 02157433 A CN02157433 A CN 02157433A CN 1427524 A CN1427524 A CN 1427524A
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magnet
housing
ceramagnet
stator
motor
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CN100338848C (zh
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刘清式
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Johnson Electric SA
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Johnson Electric SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y10T29/49012—Rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

一种小型永磁直流电动机(10)具有永磁定子，永磁定子包括两个安装在筒状壳体(11)内的弧形陶瓷磁体(20)，所述磁体被楔入或夹在壳体(11)内适当位置处的陶瓷磁体(20)的橡胶磁体(21)圆周向分开，因而无须使用在壳体侧面形成的圆周向的磁体止动件。

Description

一种电动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动机，具体地，涉及一种小型的具有永磁定子的电动机。
背景技术
永磁直流电动机是非常普通的，其具有许多的应用。某些应用要求电动机具有较高的功率同时具有较小的体积，而某些应用要求电动机具有较低的转矩。
转矩可以通过将定子磁极和/或转子磁极加工成一定形状来减少。由于定子是永磁体，定子磁极的形状意味着磁体的形状或在磁体充磁的过程中形成的磁场形状。通常只有环形磁铁才能用于这种场合，环形陶瓷磁体价格昂贵而橡胶环形磁体的磁性不够强大。
当使用陶瓷磁体时，通常使用两个弧形陶瓷磁体，通过止动件相对筒状壳体沿圆周设置。止动件接合各磁体的一个纵向侧边，一个或多个弹簧位于其间并支承磁体的另一个纵向侧边，压缩磁体保持与止动件接触。
类似的设置也用于四个弧形磁体和两级止动件。
磁体一旦安装到壳体中，对磁体进行充磁。然而，在陶瓷磁体之间的间隙代表了定子磁场的间隙。任何形状的磁场应当重视这个间隙问题。
另一方面，橡胶环形磁体不要求设置弹簧和没有在壳体壁中挤压出的止动件。磁体可通过磁体本身固定在适当的位置，磁体在充磁时会膨胀，致使壳体无须侧面开口。电动机壳体可省去侧面开口是非常希望的，由于开口是在壳体已经形成后经二次加工冲出并形成了止动件，这延缓了制造过程并使通常利用深拉技术制造的壳体的圆度扭曲。电动机壳体省去侧面开口还使得可构建成密封的电动机结构。然而，橡胶磁体只能产生很弱的磁场，因此，电动机的功率较低。因此，需要有可支承强磁体，如陶瓷磁体，且不带侧面开口的壳体。
发明内容
因此，本发明提出了一种永磁电动机，其具有包含永磁定子和绕线转子的圆柱形壳体，其中永磁定子包括至少两个被橡胶磁体圆周向间隔开的弧形陶瓷磁体。本发明还提供了一种制造这种电动机的方法。
附图说明
下面通过示例的方式并参考附图对优选实施例进行详细说明，其中：
图1显示了根据本发明优选实施例的永磁直流电动机；
图2是图1所示电动机的定子的纵向剖视图；和
图3是图2所示定子的横向剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细介绍优选实施例。
图1所示的电动机是小型永磁直流电动机10，其带有双极永磁定子。定子包括可围绕永磁磁体和容纳绕线转子的圆柱形筒状壳体11，其中只有转子轴12可从图中看到。壳体的一端被模制树脂端帽14封闭，端帽支承电动机的端子15、电刷装置和轴承。壳体11的另一端支承转子轴12的轴承。尽管图中显示的壳体有一个开口端和一个封闭端，但壳体可以有两个开口端，这两个开口端由分开的端帽封闭。
如图2和3中清楚地显示，定子具有两个设置在壳体11内侧的弧形陶瓷磁体20。在壳体上未形成止动件，以便将磁体20相对壳体11沿圆周定位。橡胶磁体21压入陶瓷磁体20相邻纵向边之间的间隙中。可以压缩橡胶磁体21以便于安装，但一旦充磁后，橡胶磁体21将膨胀，在陶瓷磁体20和橡胶磁体21之间形成牢固的干涉配合，使磁体20，21固定到壳体11上。
陶瓷磁体20可以通过将磁体粘到壳体11上而受到额外支承。壳体11可以在一端设有槽16，用于磁体20，21在安装时与壳体11对准；接着使端帽14与壳体11对准，这样电刷可正确地与磁体对准，以保证有正确的换向重叠角。
尽管在示例中显示的是双磁极定子，本发明的概念可以应用于一般具有两个或更多磁极的永磁定子，尤其是适合四磁极定子。
因此，所形成的电动机具有定子，其具有的连续磁场类似于环状磁铁形成的磁场；较高能量的陶瓷磁体位于磁极中心，橡胶磁体位于两个磁极之间的界面，允许定子进行形状充磁(shape charging)。该方法还使弧形陶瓷磁体可简单地固定到电动机壳体，避免了使用可使壳体变形的磁体止动件，该止动件是在壳体的侧面冲出的。
上面介绍的实施例是通过仅作为示例的方式进行介绍的，对于所属领域的技术人员，很明显各种改进和变化属于所附权利要求限定的本发明范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种小型电动机，包括：
绕线转子；
围绕所述转子设置的永磁定子；
支承所述永磁定子的壳体(11)
其特征在于，所述永磁定子包括至少两个被橡胶磁体(21)圆周向分开的弧形陶瓷磁体(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述陶瓷磁体(20)位于所述定子的磁极。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述橡胶磁体(21)具有的磁荷形状可改变跨过所述橡胶磁体的磁场。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述陶瓷磁体(20)可粘结到所述壳体(11)。
5.根据前面权利要求中任一项所述的小型电动机，其特征在于，所述壳体(11)在支承所述磁体(20，21)的圆周壁上没有孔。
6.一种制造小型电动机的方法，包括步骤：
提供深拉圆柱形壳体(11)，插入两个弧形陶瓷磁体(20)，并相对所述壳体的内圆周壁沿圆周间隔设定所述陶瓷磁体；
将绕线定子固定在所述壳体(11)中并使其面对所述磁体(20，21)；
用端帽(14)封闭所述壳体(11)；和
施加跨过所述壳体的强磁场，对所述磁体(20，21)充磁；
其特征在于，通过将橡胶磁体(21)插入所述壳体(11)和将橡胶磁体(21)面对所述壳体的内圆周壁设置，在对所述磁体(20，21)充磁之前，可填充所述陶瓷磁体(20)之间的圆周向空隙。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述一对磁体(20，21)充磁的步骤是在将所述转子安装到所述壳体(11)之前进行。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，额外的两个弧形陶瓷磁体(20)相对所述壳体(11)的内圆周壁圆周向间隔设置，所述橡胶磁体(21)插入各对相邻的陶瓷磁体(20)之间，形成连续的环状磁体。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述橡胶磁体(21)在插入所述陶瓷磁体(20)之间前要进行压缩。
10.一种制造根据权利要求6到9中任一项所述小型电动机的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括步骤：将所述陶瓷磁体插入所述壳体(11)之前，施加粘结剂到所述陶瓷磁体(20)，使用所述橡胶磁体(21)将所述陶瓷磁体(20)固定到适当位置直至所述粘结剂固化。
CNB021574332A 2001-12-18 2002-12-18 一种电动机 Expired - Fee Related CN100338848C (zh)

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GBGB0130152.2A GB0130152D0 (en) 2001-12-18 2001-12-18 Electric motor

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EP (1) EP1330014B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2003199268A (zh)
CN (1) CN100338848C (zh)
AT (1) ATE279042T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0205330A (zh)
DE (1) DE60201492T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2229056T3 (zh)
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CN105207377A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-30 石瑛汉宫 一种高效节能的新型直流电动机
CN111095753A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2020-05-01 纬湃科技有限责任公司 用于车辆的电机的转子

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US10284029B2 (en) 2012-03-20 2019-05-07 Linear Labs, LLC Brushed electric motor/generator
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CN102510137B (zh) * 2011-10-25 2015-05-27 捷和电机（深圳）有限公司 磁性构件、马达及包括该马达的吊扇
CN105207377A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-30 石瑛汉宫 一种高效节能的新型直流电动机
CN111095753A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2020-05-01 纬湃科技有限责任公司 用于车辆的电机的转子
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US7159295B2 (en) 2007-01-09
MXPA02012491A (es) 2004-12-13
CN100338848C (zh) 2007-09-19
EP1330014B1 (en) 2004-10-06
ATE279042T1 (de) 2004-10-15
JP2003199268A (ja) 2003-07-11
US20030111922A1 (en) 2003-06-19
DE60201492T2 (de) 2005-10-20
DE60201492D1 (de) 2004-11-11
US20050029884A1 (en) 2005-02-10
EP1330014A1 (en) 2003-07-23
GB0130152D0 (en) 2002-02-06
US6806607B2 (en) 2004-10-19
ES2229056T3 (es) 2005-04-16
BR0205330A (pt) 2004-07-20

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