CN1424896A - 具有固定触觉件的眼内透镜 - Google Patents

具有固定触觉件的眼内透镜 Download PDF

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CN1424896A
CN1424896A CN01808326A CN01808326A CN1424896A CN 1424896 A CN1424896 A CN 1424896A CN 01808326 A CN01808326 A CN 01808326A CN 01808326 A CN01808326 A CN 01808326A CN 1424896 A CN1424896 A CN 1424896A
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Abstract

用来植入到人的眼囊内的眼内透镜,在其外端(54、114、136、138)或一些部分上具有细部构造,在植入后可将透镜固定在天然眼囊内。

Description

具有固定触觉件的眼内透镜
本发明的背景
在白内障手术中,实际操作要将患白内障的天然透镜除去,代之以人造透镜。替代的透镜被放置在天然人眼透镜的囊袋内。这种用人造眼内透镜来作天然透镜的替代曾在我的专利5,476,514和5,047,051号中论述。
本发明为将透镜的接触固定或锚定在囊袋内对上述我的专利所作的改进,从而可克服片接触透镜某些潜在的缺点。我的专利5,047,051号曾公开一种用接触锚定片两端的小环将接触片固定在囊袋内的方法。这样能使囊袋形成纤维环绕在小环上将透镜固定在囊袋内。
在这作业中,不用小环或固定设施,只用连续的环状囊切开术将片接触透镜植入到未受损的囊袋内。这种片接触透镜在囊袋内安置时如果在前囊边缘或后囊内有撕裂,能够错位使手术严重地复杂化。
在愈合和纤维化的过程中,由于纤维化前囊边缘被纤维化融合到后囊上,片触觉件及其附加部被纤维缠绕在触觉件和附加部上而在前囊边缘和后囊之间形成的口袋或管道保持在位。
本发明的综述
如同上面的背景所论述,接触部分被纤维缠绕在其上和附加部上而在前囊边缘和后囊之间形成的口袋或管道保持就位。
纤维化将前、后囊融合在一起并包围部分片触觉件。
片接触透镜有时是需要的,因为它们比长环透镜能提供某些优点,包括使玻璃体稳定,基本上较少可能使白内障手术出现最为严重的复杂情况如视网膜的脱离和囊样斑疹的水肿。另一个优点是透镜的后部位置始终如一,这样不仅可使玻璃体稳定,而且可提供较可预知的在手术后不须校正的视觉清晰度。还有一个优点是透镜的后部位置使它能与后囊紧密地接触,从而减少后囊的规范(rate ofspecification),结果减少了后囊切开术频率(capsulotomy rate)。
本发明改进适应的眼内透镜包括一个中央透镜,该透镜通常具有前侧、后侧和两个延伸部,这两个延伸部在圆周上环绕而间隔开并大致沿径向从透镜的边缘伸出。它们具有连接到透镜上的内端,而与此相对的外端则可相对于透镜前后移动。
透镜用外科手术通过袋内的前囊开口被植入到抽成真空的人眼透镜囊袋内的一个位置上,使光学透镜与前囊剩余物形成的开口对准,而透镜远端部的外端被设置在袋的外周边或死胡同内。透镜从每一远端部或延伸部的外端到光学透镜的轴线有一径向尺寸,使当透镜被植入在囊袋内,延伸部的外端与袋的内周壁接合而可不拉伸或极少拉伸该袋。
在将适应的眼内透镜植入到囊袋内后,在袋的前囊边缘的后表面上的活性外胚层细胞能使该边缘融合到袋的弹性的后囊上,这是由于透镜延伸部的周围会纤维化,使这些部分被纤维组织有效地“收缩包卷”以致在纤维组织内形成径向口袋或管道而将接触部及其远端包含在其内,并将该远端定位在囊袋的死胡同内,从而透镜可被固定在囊袋内而该光学透镜可与前囊袋的开口对准。在纤维化时前囊边缘收缩,这一点与环绕延伸部的纤维化结合能在透镜上造成某些径向压缩,以致会使透镜相对于延伸部的外端在一个方向或在另一个方向上沿着透镜轴线移动。已纤维化的、皮革状的前囊边缘在纤维化时能阻止透镜向前运动,并推动它向后运动。因此,由纤维化引起的透镜运动是向后到一远处的明视位置,其中透镜或延伸部的内端或两者同时向后抵压并向后拉伸弹性的后囊。
在进行手述时,眼睫肌须用眼睫肌松弛药即睫状肌麻痹剂如阿托品麻痹使它处在松弛状态。在手术后,在整个手术后的纤维化和愈合期间(如两到三星期)还要定期应用眼睫肌松弛药将睫状肌维持在松弛状态一直到纤维化过程完毕。这种用药物引起的睫状肌的松弛可阻止其收缩并使囊袋不动。采用这种方法,光学透镜在纤维化时被固定在相对于视网膜的眼的明视位置上,而透镜向后抵压从而向后拉伸弹性的袋的后囊。如果睫状肌不这样维持其松弛状态一直到纤维化过程完毕,那么在纤维化时睫状肌基本上将经受通常同大脑引发的视觉适应的收缩和松弛,眼内透镜将不一定固定在远处明视位置而是在沿着眼轴线的其他一些位置上。
本发明提供的接触透镜的细部可用来固定透镜的远端接触部,这样便可防止偏离纤维化在接触透镜细部上形成的口袋或管道内的适当位置而发生错位或滑动。扩大的及/或远处的接触部或隆起由于其尺寸较大可被防止沿着纤维化在近处向内的接触部的周围所形成的口袋或管道移动或滑动。扩大的远处结构的细部可防止接触部相对于这种纤维化造成的口袋而向内滑动,并可防止眼内透镜的错位。扩大的远端结构细部可采取下列这些形式:从片触觉件的远端部的一侧或两侧伸出的隆起;从透镜片触觉件的远端角延伸的易弯曲的延伸部,在其上可具有隆起;从弹簧环或纤维环向外伸出的隆起;从在透镜处的近端延伸出来的多个触觉件在远端部上的扩大的端部或隆起;扩大而宽广的触觉件的远端部制有斜度而可在远端的方向上放宽;从触觉件的远端部的侧向上向外伸出的尖头的隆起;及在触觉件的远端部侧边上的缺口。
本发明的其他优选实施例包括在触觉件的远端部上形成的延伸的或远端的隆起或凸块和开口,它们被用来通过在上面“本发明的背景”中所说的纤维化过程将远端接触部固定在后袋和前囊剩余物之间的囊袋的周边内,用环绕近端向内接触部的纤维化所形成的口袋或管道来防止触觉件的远端部相对于该口袋或管道的相对运动。其他优选实施例还包括从圆盘接触部延伸出来的易弯曲的环触觉件、在圆盘接触元件的远端部上设置的凸块、在圆盘接触元件的远端部上设置的开口,以及在从透镜延伸到其远端边缘部的多个片型触觉件的远端部上设置的凸块及/或开口。
附图的简要说明
图1为本发明的一个较优实施例的正视图,示出一个片接触透镜在其远端的角上设有增大的隆起;
图2为图1中沿2-2线切开的剖视图;
图3为本发明一个实施例的正视图,其中易弯曲的延伸部具有从接触片的远端角沿斜角方向向外伸出的隆起;
图3A为图3中沿3A-3A线切开的剖视图;
图4为具有向外延伸的弹簧环和在环上的扩大部或隆起的片接触透镜的正视图;
图4A为图4中沿4A-4A线切开的剖视图;
图5示出本发明的一个实施例,其中多个对称而具有斜度的触觉件从连接在透镜上的宽广的近端向较窄的远端伸出并在远端上设有隆起;
图5A为图5中沿5A-5A线切开的剖视图;
图6为一实施例的透视图,其中两个在相反方向延伸的触觉件都各具有一个比向内的或近端的接触部宽的远端部;
图7为一实施例的正视图,在其部分视图中示出从相反延伸的触觉件的远端部向侧边向外伸出的尖头隆起的两种形式;
图8为一与图3相似的实施例的正视图,其不同之处为在每一个角的斜角向延伸部上都各具有远端的交叉部,而在交叉部的每一端上都各设有一个隆起或凸块;
图8A为图8中沿8A-8A线切开的剖视图;
图9为一在某些方面与图5相似的实施例,其不同之处为具有从每一个对称而带斜度的接触部的端头上伸出的交叉部,而在每一个交叉部的端头上设有凸块或隆起;
图10和11为一对相关的实施例,各具有从离开透镜的方向延伸出来的片型触觉件和从触觉件上延伸出来的肩部,而从肩部上延伸出或安装一些凸块或隆起;
在图12到14示出的实施例中,易弯曲的或纤维型的环触觉件别从相反方向离开透镜,并在其每一个端头设有凸块或隆起,图13和14示出环端部和凸块在囊袋的死胡同内接合的正确方式,以便用纤维化将周边固定在后囊和前囊剩余物的接合部内,而图14示出环触觉件的设计不适当的端部的不正确的接合;
图15示出一个体现图12中实施例特点的实施例,它具有多个凸块相互间隔开地分别设在相反延伸的弹性环触觉件上以便改进在前囊剩余物和后囊之间周边的死胡同内的接合;
图16和16A分别示出一个实施例的正视图和侧视图,其中从一个圆盘接触元件延伸出多个易弯曲的环触觉件;
图17和17A分别示出一个实施例的正视图和侧视图,其中从一个圆盘接触元件延伸出多个易弯曲的环触觉件,在其外端或远端还设有凸块;
图18示出一个实施例,其中一个圆盘触觉件在其周边上形成多个倾斜的或多少在切线方向的尖头部,在其端头上还设有凸块或隆起;
图19所示的实施例具有一个圆盘触觉件和多个沿着其远端边缘部设置的凸块或隆起;
图20为一实施例,其中圆盘触觉件具有多个设置在其远端边缘部上大致为圆形的孔;
图21示出一个实施例,其中圆盘形触觉件在其远端边缘部上设有多个槽孔;
图22为一实施例,其中圆盘形触觉件在其周边上的远端部交替设有槽孔和凸块。
图23示出一个实施例,其中圆盘接触部从透镜向外伸出,而易弯曲的环接触元件和其上的隆起是从圆盘部的边上以倾斜的方向伸出,这个方向与某些其他实施例的环触觉件的方向相反。
在图24到26示出的实施例中,多个片型触觉件被互相间隔开地环绕透镜,图24示出在触觉件远端部上的槽孔,图25示出在每一个片型触觉件的远端部上有多个凸块,而图26示出在每一个片型触觉件的远端部上既有槽孔也有凸块。
在图27和28示出的实施例中,片型触觉件在离开透镜的方向上伸出,图中只有一个这样的触觉件被示出,在图27示出的实施例中,槽孔是在这种触觉件的远端边缘部上形成的,而图28则示出设在所说片型触觉件的远端部上的凸块或隆起。
图29为图28中沿29-29线切开的剖视图;及
图30为图27中沿30-30线切开的剖视图。
优选实施例的详细说明
本发明提供眼内透镜的触觉件的远端细部结构可用来将接触远端部固定在周边内或后囊和前囊袋剩余物之间的死胡同内,用来实行环绕接触部纤维化的纤维化过程和程序已在上面在“本发明的背景”一节中说明。
重要的是要将接触设施的远端部固定在囊袋的周边内而在前囊剩余物和后囊之间,并且这个远端部或细部并不相对于环绕远端接触细部的纤维化所形成的口袋或管道而移动。
由于透镜接触件比较经常地在透镜上运动,如果不合适地予以保持,远端接触部会和后袋和前囊剩余物之间的袋周边脱离接合。这种由于不断动作的力而造成的脱离接合能在没有合适的固定时发生,并能由于另外一些因素造成,如在纤维化时囊袋收缩会在囊袋内造成撕裂,这样就可能造成透镜错位而使触觉件移到眼后部的玻璃体上,导致严重的复杂情况。
在本文中说明的本发明的实施例所提供的远端接触细部构造可防止由于远端接触部或细部相对于纤维化的口袋或管道滑动或偏移而发生接触错位,因为触觉件的末端向内部就设在口袋或管道内。
现在参阅附图,特别是图1,优选实施例10具有一个片触觉件12的远端部,其上设有隆起14。图2的剖视图示出隆起的外形系从触觉件12的两侧伸出。隆起也可只从触觉件的一侧或一个表面伸出。隆起将不通过或滑动通过设在触觉件近端邻近较小尺寸部周围的纤维化的管道或口袋。
图3和3A示出一个实施例,其中易弯曲的延伸部20从透镜片触觉件22的远端角向斜角方向伸出,并在其端头上设有隆起。延伸部20将隆起定位在侧向上向外远离触觉件的边缘使它们不能移动或滑动通过由纤维化在触觉件近端向内部周围形成的口袋。图3A示出隆起的横载面形状。
图4和4A示出一个实施例30,其中隆起32从弹簧环或指形件34向外伸出,该指形件系从片触觉件36的远端部伸出。隆起32可防止该环和接触片的远端部相对于在该环和远端接触部周围形成的纤维化口袋而移动。图4A示出该环在端头上的隆起的横截面形状。形状大致与图4相似的透镜(未示出),可有一环元件用融合或粘结连结在接触片上,而不是与接触片制成一个整体。
图5示出本发明的一个实施例40,其中有多个触觉件42对称而带有斜度地从连接在透镜44上的较宽的近端向外伸出到较窄的远端或指形件而在其上设有隆起46。图5A示出隆起的细部。
图6示出一个实施例50,这不是一种视觉调节透镜,其中每一个片触觉件52具有一个比近端邻近接触部宽的远端隆起部54。触觉件远端的隆起部是由带斜度的触觉件外形在向远端的方向上放宽而形成的。较宽的远端接触部可阻止触觉件向透镜移动,从而可将它保持着不让它相对于纤维化在远端部以内的片触觉件周围所形成的口袋而移动。
图7示出本发明另一个实施例60,其中尖头隆起62和具有圆头的叉64从透镜66伸出的片触觉件的远端部向侧边向外伸出。尖头隆起62能有效地防止近端的向透镜66的运动,从而可防止触觉件近端向内的部分相对于环绕该部分形成的纤维化口袋而运动。
在图1、3和4到7示出的实施例中,缺口70是在片触觉件的远端边缘部上形成的。最好,缺口70在触觉件的两个侧边的远端边缘部上形成,并且这种缺口最好在至少两个以不同方向从透镜伸出的触觉件的侧边上形成。如图所示,缺口70通常有一边缘部设置成一个相当大的角度,或基本上横断侧边或触觉件的纵长轴线。这种缺口和边缘部被这样设置使触觉件不能相对于纤维化形成的口袋偏移或滑动,从而可防止触觉件发生错位,其时触觉件的近端向内的接触部被设置在该口袋内。
图8到30示出本发明的多个实施例,它们在远端部上分别设有隆起、凸块、开口或接触设施以将触觉件固定在囊袋周边内的后袋和前囊剩余物之间。
图8示出一个多少与图3相似的实施例,其中从片接触部74、76延伸出来的延伸部78和交叉部80,在其每一个端头上都有一个凸块或隆起82如图8A中的横截面所示,每一个隆起还在片接触部的前、后方向上延伸。这些隆起被很好地定位以接合在后袋和前囊剩余物之间的囊袋的周边部或死胡同内,这样来防止触觉件运动通过由纤维化在近端向内接触部的周围形成的管道或口袋。
图9示出一个一般外形多少与图5相似的实施例,从每一个对称而带斜度的触觉件的外端分别伸出一个横向的交叉部84,而在每一个交叉部的每一端分别设有凸块86。这些隆起部适宜伸入到囊袋在前囊剩余物和后袋之间的周边部分内。
在图10和11示出的实施例中,肩部88、90(图10)适宜接合到前囊边缘和后囊之间的周边袋部内,在透镜92的另一侧有相似的接触部(未示出)。隆起或凸块94从肩部88下垂并在前、后方向延伸。肩部或凸块94适宜用纤维化接合,从而可将触觉件固定并阻止这些构件向内运动。在图11的实施例中,肩部96在其外端部上有一凸块或隆起98,而肩部100从其外端部下垂一个臂,并从该臂下垂一个凸块或隆起102,图11的凸块的作用与图10的凸块相似。
在图12-14示出的实施例中,一般具有弧形的易弯曲的或纤维环触觉件104、106从透镜108向相反的方向伸出。每一环触觉件在其端头有一与图8A所示多少相似的凸块或隆起110。环触觉件延伸到前囊剩余物和后囊之间的袋的周边内将触觉件固定并阻止凸块运动通过纤维化环绕该环形成的管道。图13和14分别示出环触觉件取向以便与袋周边接合的正确形式,其时环的一部分和凸块与袋周边接合。图14示出环触觉件和凸块在纤维化时不合适的处置,这样不能与袋周边优化地和合适地接合。
图15示出的实施例与图12和13相似,只是有多个与图8相似的凸块或隆起110被相互间隔开地定位在环触觉件上以资使环触觉件能更好地固定在袋的周边死胡同内。
图16和16A示出的实施例的触觉件具有两个半爿的圆盘形件112,从该件延伸出多个环接触部114。圆盘形件的边缘和环适宜配合在前囊剩余物和后囊之间的袋的周边部内以将触觉件固定。
图17和17A示出的实施例有一圆盘形接触部116,其上安装着并延伸出多个一般为弧形的纤维接触部118,在其端头都各设有一个凸块或隆起120。环接触部和凸块用于与前述实施例相同的目的。
图18的实施例具有一个圆盘触觉件124,在其周边上整体制出多个倾斜的尖头件126,这些尖头件伸出的方向多少与在其端头的凸块相切,适宜配合在前囊剩余物和后袋之间的袋的周边内以与周边接合,从而可在其周围形成纤维化,以便用于前述目的。
图19的实施例具有一个圆盘触觉件130,在其周边上设有多个凸块132如图28所示以用于前述与其他实施例有关的目的。
图20的实施例具有一个圆盘触觉件130,在其远端的周边部上制有多个圆孔136,该触觉件周边和这些孔在纤维化过程中被接合可用于前述目的。
图21示出的实施例与图20相似,但在圆盘触觉件140内形成的是槽形孔138。
图22与图19和21的实施例多少相似,在圆盘的圆周边缘部内设有凸块交替插入在槽形孔之间。
图23示出一个实施例,其中有多个圆盘接触部141从透镜向外延伸出来,并从其远端边缘部上延伸出多个易弯曲的环接触元件143,其上设有隆起145用来接合在囊袋的周边边缘部内以使触觉件固定并使透镜对准中心。
图24和25示出两个实施例,具有四个片触觉件142,它们从透镜144延伸出来并以相等的间隔环绕该透镜,在其周边部上设有多个槽形孔145,触觉件边缘部和槽形孔可在袋周边内延伸为的是前述的目的。图25的实施例具有多个如图29在其边缘部上设置的凸块,这些凸块和触觉件边缘部用于前述的目的。
图26的实施例与图24和25的实施例相似,透镜150具有四个从其上延伸出来而等距间隔开的触觉件152,每一个触觉件上都具有槽形孔154和凸块156。
图27和28示出两个实施例,其中片型触觉件以相反的方向从图27中的透镜160和从图28中的透镜162延伸出来,在图27的实施例的触觉件的远端部上设有一些槽形孔164,而在图28的触觉件(下部未示出)的周边部上设有一些凸块166,这些槽形孔和凸块用于前述的目的。
图29为图28中沿29-29线切开的部分透视图。
图30为图27中沿30-30线切开的部分剖视图。
这样在上面对具有可满足所寻求的所有目的和优点的可固定触觉件的新颖的眼内透镜进行了展示和说明。在连同附图一起研究说明书和权利要求书后,本行业的行家显然能对本发明作出许多改变、修改和变更,并把它用于其他用途。所有这些并不脱离本发明的创意和范围的改变、修改、变更和其他用途都被视为由仅受下面权利要求书限定的本发明覆盖。

Claims (12)

1.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼球内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和间隔开地环绕所说透镜的触觉件,所说触觉件具有邻近所说透镜的内端和从所说透镜伸出的外端;
所说触觉件包括四个之多的片触觉件,其中所说触觉件外端的宽度大于所说触觉件内端的宽度;
至少一个所说触觉件外端具有多个贯穿的孔,使在所说透镜植入到人眼天然囊袋内以后允许前囊剩余物的纤维化通过所说触觉件外端孔发展到后囊剩余物。
2.权利要求1的透镜,其特征在于还包括:
从一个或多个所说触觉件外端的至少一侧向外伸出的多个隆起,用来将所说触觉件外端固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
3.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和间隔开地环绕所说透镜的触觉件,所说触觉件具有邻近所说透镜的内端和从所说透镜伸出的外端;
所说触觉件包括四个之多的片触觉件,其中所说触觉件外端的宽度大于所说触觉件内端的宽度;
至少一个所说触觉件外端具有从其至少一侧上向外伸出的多个隆起,用来将所说触觉件外端固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
4.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和间隔开地环绕所说透镜的触觉件,所说触觉件具有邻近所说透镜的内端和从所说透镜伸出的外端;
所说触觉件具有四个之多的片触觉件,其中所说触觉件外端的宽度大于所说触觉件内端的宽度;
至少一个所说触觉件外端具有一个或多个易弯曲的环,该环的内端邻近所说触觉件外端,而该环的外端从所说触觉件外端上向外伸出。
5.权利要求4的透镜,其特征在于:
所说易弯曲环的外端有一凸块设在其上。
6.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和一个环绕所说透镜延伸的圆盘触觉件,所说圆盘触觉件有一邻近所说透镜的内部和从所说透镜伸出的外部;及
多个环,其内端连接在所说圆盘的外部上,而其外端从所说圆盘外部向外伸出,其中所说环适宜在植入后将所说透镜固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
7.权利要求6的透镜,其特征在于:
所说环具有设在其外端上的凸块。
8.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和环绕所说透镜延伸的圆盘触觉件,所述圆盘触觉件有一邻近所说透镜的内部和一从所说透镜伸出的外部;
所说圆盘外部具有多个贯穿孔,在将所说透镜植入到人眼天然囊袋内以后,允许通过所说圆盘外部的孔使前囊剩余物的纤维化发展到后囊剩余物。
9.权利要求8的透镜,其特征在于还包括:
多个从所说圆盘触觉件外部的至少一侧向外伸出的隆起,以将所说圆盘触觉件固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
10.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋内的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和一个环绕所说透镜延伸的圆盘触觉件,所说圆盘触觉件有一邻近所说透镜的内部和从所说透镜伸出的外部;及
从所说圆盘触觉件外部的至少一侧向外伸出的多个隆起,以将所说圆盘触觉件固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
11.一种用来植入到人眼天然囊袋中的眼内透镜,所说透镜植入物包括:
一个具有前侧和后侧的透镜体,并包括一个透镜和一个从所说透镜伸出的两半爿圆盘触觉件,所说半爿圆盘触觉件具有邻近所说透镜的内部和从所说透镜伸出的外部;及
一个或多个环,其内端连接在所说半爿圆盘的外部,而其外端从所说半爿圆盘的外部伸出,其中所说环在植入后适宜将所说透镜固定在人眼的天然囊袋内。
12.权利要求11的透镜,其特征在于:
所说环在其外端上设有凸块。
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