CN1418142A - 拆卸密封装置的方法 - Google Patents

拆卸密封装置的方法 Download PDF

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CN1418142A
CN1418142A CN01806787A CN01806787A CN1418142A CN 1418142 A CN1418142 A CN 1418142A CN 01806787 A CN01806787 A CN 01806787A CN 01806787 A CN01806787 A CN 01806787A CN 1418142 A CN1418142 A CN 1418142A
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groove
fastener
sealing device
band
fluid jet
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CN1172772C (zh
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沃尔弗拉姆·克罗科夫
尼古劳斯·基法拉斯
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Siemens AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/047Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts for flexible profiles, e.g. sealing or decorating strips in grooves or on other profiles by devices moving along the flexible profile
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/16Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3268Mounting of sealing rings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • Y10T29/49719Seal or element thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721Repairing with disassembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815Disassembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815Disassembling
    • Y10T29/49822Disassembling by applying force
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53657Means to assemble or disassemble to apply or remove a resilient article [e.g., tube, sleeve, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53796Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator
    • Y10T29/5383Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator having fluid operator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种将固定在组件的槽(6)中的密封装置(3)拆卸下来的方法。根据所述方法,高压的液体流束瞄准密封装置(3)或者密封(3)和组件之间喷射,目的是松动密封(3)并将其从槽中拆卸下来。本发明的方法特别适合拆卸转子中或者涡轮型机器的室壁(2)上的密封带,与直到现在还在使用的拧断方法相比,该方法能大大节省时间并减少费用。

Description

拆卸密封装置的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种费用特别低而且简便的拆卸密封装置的方法,该密封装置利用紧固装置安装在组件的槽中。
背景技术
这样的密封装置举例来讲可以是密封带,密封带紧固到涡轮机的机匣或者转子上以便密封间隙(在转子轴和紧固到机匣上的导流叶片之间或者在机匣和转子的转子叶片之间),防止在涡轮机中流动并且驱动转子的工作介质泄漏。在这样的装置中,从转子的轴向观看,若有关的在机匣或者导流叶片上的密封带和有关的在转子轴或转子的转子叶片上的密封带交替地挨个安装,这就称为所谓的“迷宫式”密封。工作介质不再从该迷宫式密封中大量的渗出,于是这样的工作介质的流失只会稍微的减小涡轮机的功率。
下边为简单起见,当讨论这样的机匣或者有导流叶片牢固连接其上的机匣时,说明书是指涡轮机的机匣;当讨论这样的转子或者有转子叶片牢固连接到其上的转子时,说明书是指转子。
装入机匣和转子之间间隙的密封带其紧固侧通常制成L形。密封带制成L形的紧固侧插入到机匣或者转子上的槽中。为了将密封带紧固到机匣或者转子上,接着将紧固装置安装到槽中。用凿子将作为紧固装置(也叫做填缝元件)的填缝条装入到槽中。因为填缝条产生了很大的摩擦力,密封带被牢固地固定在槽中。
在涡轮机如燃气轮机或者汽轮机承受高温的情况下,耐热材料——尤其是耐高温金属合金或者不锈钢——都可用作密封带和紧固装置。术语“填缝条”也通常用作金属填缝元件。
因为高的机械负载,在工作了几万小时后,涡轮机中的密封带通常出现磨损,再不能完成其密封功能。因此需要不时的更换密封带。
为了更换密封带,目前有众所周知的昂贵的机器紧固元件或紧固装置的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种拆卸密封装置的方法,该密封装置安装在组件的槽中,与现有技术的方法相比,从成本的角度考虑该方法需要较少的费用和时间,因此更受欢迎。
根据本发明,这个目的靠一种方法实现,该方法拆卸用紧固装置安装在组件的槽中的密封装置,以高压将液体流束射入到密封装置和紧固装置之间或者紧固装置和组件之间的槽中,靠这个方法至少将紧固装置从槽上拆卸下来。
全面的调研表明:射入槽中的液体流束可以产生如此强大的压力以至于即使用钢紧固装置将密封装置安装在槽中,也可以用简单的方法和以前所需时间的一小部分将密封装置从槽中拆卸下来。在这样过程中,即使制作槽的材料硬度小于紧固装置的材料,也不会对槽产生损伤。
虽然前边的讨论都是关于涡轮机的轴对称组件,然而应当明白的是,一般地,本发明在原理上适用于以简单方法拆卸被紧固装置安装在槽中的密封装置。对于本发明的申请,是否将压缩机的组件、燃气轮机、汽轮机、泵、发动机或者其它的装置包括到组件中是不重要的。
关于涡轮机大修时的高费用,用该方法从组件(如转子或涡轮机的机匣,尤其是汽轮机或燃气轮机)的槽中拆卸密封装置也是有利的。如开始提到的,这样的密封带被紧固装置安装在组件的槽中。要拆卸这样的密封装置,液体流束射入到密封装置和组件之间,靠这样的方法密封装置从槽中拆卸下来。另一方案是,将液体流束射入到密封装置和紧固装置之间,靠这种方法至少将紧固装置从槽中拆卸下来,随后将密封装置从槽中轻松地拆卸下来,例如可以手工拆卸密封装置。与以前拆卸用填缝条插入涡轮机中的密封带的方法相比,用这种方法可以实现节省75%至90%的时间。拆卸下紧固装置之后,就可以用简单的方法安装替换密封装置。
有利地,导引液体流束使其沿着槽。这样子,密封装置或者紧固装置可从槽中连续地下来。
有利地,该方法可用来从钢槽中拆卸钢条。在这个过程中,制成槽的材料和条可以是高合金或者耐高温钢。但是槽的材料也可以是铸钢,例如灰铸铁,而条的材料是高合金钢。有利地,在那些紧固装置材料的机械阻力大于槽材料的情况下,也可以使用该方法。
在本发明的实施例的其他优点中,金属填缝元件(作为紧固装置来夹持形如密封带的密封装置)从涡轮机的转子或机匣的槽中拆卸下来,尤其是涡轮压缩机、汽轮机或者燃气轮机。
有利地,喷射液体流束的压力在750巴至4000巴之间。压力的选择决定于紧固装置的材料、密封装置的材料和组件的材料。特别地,为了拆卸夹持涡轮机中的密封带的外形为金属填缝条的金属紧固装置,已经发现喷射的液体流束的压力在2000巴至3000巴之间比较好。于是可以轻松地将紧固装置从槽中拆卸下来,并且不损伤组件。
可选的,在本发明中更为有利的是:水可以用作这种液体。当使用水时,就不需要复杂的措施来满足环保的要求。
适宜的是,所使用的液体流束在槽上冲击点处的宽度是槽宽大小的0.5至1.5倍。要成功的将非常牢固插入槽中的紧固装置拆卸下来,这主要取决于槽中紧固装置下液体流束所产生的压力。该压力又取决于紧固装置下单位时间内引入的液体流量,和槽中液体冲击的速度。随着单位时间引入槽中的液体总量的增大,紧固装置下产生的压力变大。如果所用液体很窄,则只能靠非常高的液体流速才能得到所需的压力。然而由于这个原因,槽会被冲坏,即发生变形,这是不想得到的结果。测试表明:槽中冲击点处的液体流束的宽度至少是槽宽的一半,对于拆卸紧固装置会产生特别好的效果。如果流束的宽度大大的宽于槽,唯一的结果就是使用大量的液体对液体的效率几乎没有改变。
有利地,在从槽上拆卸的过程中,要紧紧夹持住密封装置和/或紧固装置。对于那些液体流束在其下偏转的元件,紧紧夹持是合适的。如果不用这种方法紧紧夹持,在液体流束中这些元件会抖动或者被液体弄弯,并可能断裂。将要拆卸的元件有断裂,这会产生负面效果,因为在槽中剩余部分中产生压力,小于流束在未损坏元件区域所产生的压力。
附图说明
结合附图将详细描述本发明的示例性实施例,其中:
图1是透视图,示出了汽轮机机匣的一部分,多个密封带顺序插在机匣中;
图2是透视图,示出了图1中所截取部分的放大图,说明了机匣上密封带的紧固情况;
图3是示意图,示出了用引入液体流束的方法拆卸图1所示的密封带。
具体实施方式
透视图图1,示出了汽轮机的灰铸铁机匣2的一部分。所示部分是空心圆柱体的一半,汽轮机的转子(未示出)在其中旋转。从转子轴线方向看,为了密封机匣2和转子之间的间隙,多个密封带3(均伸进间隙)挨个顺序地插入到机匣2上。为了简化该图,仅仅示出了三个这样的密封带3。安装在转子上的密封带,每个在机匣2的两个相邻密封带3之间配合。这样,转子和机匣2之间间隙所谓的迷宫式密封就形成了。
每个密封带3被金属紧固装置4紧固在机匣2的槽6中。该紧固装置是高合金钢的填缝条。
在图2的放大图中,机匣2上密封带3的紧固情况可以清楚的看到。在紧固侧,密封带3的形状为L形。密封带3的紧固侧插入到机匣2的槽6中,随后以机械方式牢固地压入或者填入紧固装置4。因此产生了在密封带3和机匣2之间耐用且机械稳定的连接结果。当然,在做了必要的修正之后,同样的也可实施到转子的外壳上。
图3示出如果,举例来讲,密封带3由于机械磨损而不再保证其密封功能时,如何从机匣的槽6中拆卸密封带3。液体在高压设备(任何细节都未示出)中压力值达到2000巴至3000巴之间。水可用作该液体。借助喷嘴8,液体流束9以高压射入到紧固装置4和密封带3之间。以这种方法,紧固装置4从槽6中密封带3上拆卸下来,并且由于液体的高压,紧固装置4被压出槽6。在图示的情况中,该方法在所示位置开始实施。在喷嘴8的作用下,液体流束9沿着槽6喷射,由此紧固装置4逐渐从槽6拆卸。在拆卸过程,紧固装置4被适当的设备连续地紧紧夹持。喷嘴8可连续地随着槽6的弯曲形状,在这一方面,总是使液体流束9喷射在密封带3和紧固装置4之间。
在槽中的冲击点处,液体流束的宽度大约为1mm,槽6的宽度为1.5mm,紧固装置4的宽度为1.25mm。因此液体流束9的宽度是槽6宽度的0.67倍,是紧固装置4宽度的0.8倍。

Claims (8)

1.一种拆卸用紧固装置(4)安装在组件的槽(6)中的密封装置(3)的方法,该方法以高压将液体流束(9)射入到密封装置(3)和紧固装置(4)之间或者紧固装置(4)和组件之间的槽(6)中,靠这个方法至少将紧固装置(4)从槽(6)上拆卸下来。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,液体流束(9)沿着槽(6)喷射。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,钢条作为紧固装置(4)从钢槽(6)上拆卸下来。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,作为紧固装置(4)来夹持形为密封带的密封装置(3)的金属填缝元件(4)从涡轮机的转子或机匣(2)的槽(6)中拆卸下来,尤其是涡轮压缩机、汽轮机或者燃气轮机。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,液体流束(9)以压力750巴至4000巴喷射,特别是2000巴至3000巴。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,水(10)可用作液体。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在槽(6)的冲击点处液体流束(9)的宽度是槽宽度的0.5至1.5倍。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在从槽(6)上拆卸下来的过程中,密封装置(3)和/或紧固装置(4)被紧紧夹持。
CNB018067875A 2000-03-22 2001-03-07 拆卸密封装置的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1172772C (zh)

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EP (1) EP1265726B1 (zh)
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AR (1) AR027683A1 (zh)
AT (1) ATE381977T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE50113413D1 (zh)
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RU2246651C2 (ru) 2005-02-20
DE50113413D1 (de) 2008-02-07
CN1172772C (zh) 2004-10-27
TW504435B (en) 2002-10-01
EP1265726A1 (de) 2002-12-18
EP1265726B1 (de) 2007-12-26
ATE381977T1 (de) 2008-01-15
JP2003527973A (ja) 2003-09-24
WO2001070451A1 (de) 2001-09-27
US6779239B2 (en) 2004-08-24
ES2295164T3 (es) 2008-04-16
AR027683A1 (es) 2003-04-09
US20030101561A1 (en) 2003-06-05

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