CN1409962A - Method of pronoting plant growth and enhancing anti reverse property - Google Patents
Method of pronoting plant growth and enhancing anti reverse property Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for promoting growth of plant and improving its resistance to adversity features that the 0.01-100 mg/L hydrochloric acid-5-aminolaevulic acid or 50-500 mg/L laevulic acid is used to immerse plant seeds in it, or irrigate the root system of plant, or spray on leaves of plant for 1-3 days (once per day). Its advantages are high effect and yield of plant, and no environmental pollution.
Description
(1) technical field: a kind of plant growing and method that strengthens resistance of promoting of the present invention, belong to the application of biochemical reagents in agricultural production, be exclusively used in the plant photosynthesis ability that improves, promote growth and development of plants, increase output, strengthen resistance.
(2) technical background: growth and development of plants often is subjected to the restriction of various unsuitable environmental conditions, often causes growth and output to descend.Though can reach the purpose of increasing both production and income by the crop varieties that improves agricultural environment or seed selection strong stress resistance, its cost height, year limit for length also may bring other seondary effect.For example; since the last century the nineties; China's agricultural facility culture technique is more and more universal; though it has improved the component environment factor of plant growth; but side effects such as the low light level that is caused, secondary salinization also can't solve so far; and, reduce production capacity because its majority is that low temperature season carries out in the winter time, and the low temperature stress at night is the entail dangers to plant life usually.There have been some national inventing patents can be used to improve photosynthesis of plant, strengthened resistance.But, be mostly with several a large amount of or trace elements and (or) plant hormone cooperates by a certain percentage.Because the composition complexity, the mechanism of action is indeterminate, and using method is difficult for being grasped by the producer, and result of use is often also unstable.Also have some to research and propose materials such as using the plant hormone abscisic acid and improve plant cold resistance, but its cost is to suppress plant growing, reduces output.
(3) summary of the invention
Technical problem the objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of using plant hormone to strengthen degeneration-resistant effect instability in the prior art or reducing output, a kind of plant growing and method that strengthens resistance of promoting simultaneously is provided, be used to improve the plant photosynthesis ability, promote growth and development of plants, increase output, strengthen resistance.
A kind of plant growing and method that strengthens resistance of promoting of technical scheme, it is characterized in that, water root system or spray cloth blade with 0.01～20mg/L hydrochloric acid-5-amino-laevulic acid (ALA) seed soaking or in the growth of seedling phase with 1～100mg/L hydrochloric acid-5-amino-laevulic acid in the seed germination phase, continuous 1～3 day, every day 1 time.Also can use analog levulinic acid (LA) 50～500mg/L pouring root system or the spray cloth blade of 5-amino-laevulic acid in the plant seedling growth phase, continuous 1～3 day, every day 1 time.
Beneficial effect
The present invention uses a kind of single biochemical reagents ALA and analog levulinic acid thereof, promote plant growing by improving photosynthesis of plants, strengthen plant metabolism by improving respiration, increase chlorophyll content of plant (particularly chlorophyll b content), promote pore open, improve Net Photosynthetic Rate, reduce photorespiration intensity, increase soluble sugar and dry-matter accumulation, thereby not only resistance improves obviously, and can reach the purpose of volume increase.Because the 5-amino-laevulic acid can be by biological degradation originally as the endogenous metabolism product, noresidue is pollution-free, to the human body avirulence, can be used for the nuisanceless production of land for growing field crops and industrialized agriculture.
This method is easy and simple to handle, effect stability, and synergy is obvious.
The general structure of ALA and LA
Biochemical reagents hydrochloric acid-5-amino-laevulic acid and levulinic acid are generally in (seeing " (reagent handbook second edition respectively with biochemical research, China Drug Co.'s Shanghai chemical reagent purchasing and supply station is compiled, Shanghai science tech publishing house, 1984, the 71 pages and the 733rd page; " (chemical reagent catalogue handbook Beijing chemical reagents corporation compiles, publishing house of Beijing University of Technology, 1993, the 42 pages and the 416th page).Wherein the 5-amino-laevulic acid is that tetrapyrrole comprises chlorophyll, heme, phytochrome, Cobastab in the organism
12Etc. biosynthetic key precursor, thereby in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis research process, once excessive quantity research was carried out in the biosynthesis of 5-amino-laevulic acid and physiological metabolism etc.Levulinic acid is the inhibitor of 5-amino-laevulic acid dehydrase in the organism, can suppress the ALA metabolism, promotes the ALA accumulation.But they directly apply to agricultural production and yet there are no report.
The present invention is the principle of plant chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis key precursor according to 5-amino-laevulic acid (ALA), discover that certain density ALA processing can obviously improve the plant leaf blade chlorophyll content, the content of chlorophyll b particularly, thereby can increase under the low light condition plant leaf blade to the absorption of luminous energy, improve blade table sightseeing quantum efficiency and carboxylation efficient, thereby improve the plant Net Photosynthetic Rate, increase dry-matter accumulation, improve soluble sugar content and cell sap concentration, also improve the dark respiration intensity of plant leaf blade or seed simultaneously, enhance metabolism, thereby, anti-low temperature of plant and salt marsh ability can fundamentally be strengthened.In addition, the present invention finds that also ALA handles when improving Net Photosynthetic Rate and also suppresses photorespiration, and this may be the major reason that ALA promotes photosynthesis of plant.
Experimental study shows: ALA can obviously improve growing plants leave photosynthetic ability under the low light level, and saturated photosynthetic rate (Ps) comparison of top vane is according to exceeding 26-188%, and saturated photosynthetic rate (Ps) comparison of radical leaves is according to exceeding 40-233%.The blade Apparent quantum yield is compared respectively according to exceeding 32-271%.ALA handles and has obviously improved the low light level muskmelon blade assimilation CO of growth down
2Ability, the carboxylation efficient of blade are compared respectively according to exceeding 55-210%.The dry weight of measuring ALA processing plant shows that 10mg/LALA and 100mg/LALA handle back plant dry weight and compare respectively according to exceeding 17.38% and 26.91%, illustrates that the dry-matter accumulation amount increases.
Inventive features of the present invention also is, no matter be under suitable border or the adverse environmental factor, utilize certain density ALA to soak seed or irrigating plant seedlings root or spray and be distributed in blade, can promote plant seed germination process and growth of seedling, improve the Net Photosynthetic Rate of seedling leaves and organize dark respiration speed, strengthen the ability of environment stresses such as the opposing low light level, low temperature and salt marsh.
Use promotion plant growing of the present invention and the method that strengthens resistance, can obviously promote photosynthesis of plant, increase adaptive capacity adverse circumstance.Because its mechanism of action is to improve photosynthesis of plant and respiration, by increasing plant dry matter accumulation and energy reserve, promote plant growing or resist environment-stress, thereby to plant itself without any side effect.Once proposed in the past to utilize the plant hormone abscisic acid to strengthen plant cold resistance, but because abscisic acid can obviously suppress the blade stomatal aperture, thereby, when improving, plant cold resistance also suppressed photosynthesis and dry-matter accumulation.The used ALA of the present invention can increase the blade stomatal aperture under normal operation, increases space between cells CO
2Concentration improves Net Photosynthetic Rate; Plant can recover stomatal aperture and photosynthesis at short notice after standing low temperature stress, thereby, help the recovery of plant growing behind the low temperature stress.Owing to all contain the 5-amino-laevulic acid in all organisms, the farmland uses the ALA of low concentration can not cause adverse effect to ecotope, also can not cause the health safety problem, thereby, be a kind of technology of nontoxic pollution-free.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is through 6 hours muskmelon seedling of 8 ℃ of low temperature treatment, shows the injury from low temperature symptom.Left side plant only has the dehydration of a small amount of blade leaf margin to curl through the 10mg/LALA preliminary treatment, and the right plant is contrast, nearly all blade dehydration death.
(5) embodiment
Example 1. muskmelons (kind is No. 1, West Asia honey) seedling is incubated in the plant illumination incubator the about 150 μ molm of the intensity of illumination at plant top
-2S
-1When plant is immature, obvious difference is not arranged from seeing in appearance.But along with plant leaf quantity increases, the light intensity that the plant radical leaves can receive is fewer and feweri, and the result causes lower blade withered and yellow gradually, and the leaf photosynthesis performance obviously descends.The data of measuring with the photosynthetic instrument of CIRAS-1 type portable plant during 4 leaf ages show that the saturated photosynthetic rate (Ps) of the 1st blade in top is 8 μ molm
-2S
-1, the Ps of its lower blade is followed successively by 5.7,2.7 and 0.9 μ molm
-2S
-1But if blade spray cloth 10mg/L is ALA, then the Ps value of 3 days rear blades is followed successively by 10.1,9.0,7.8 and 2.3 μ molm
-2S
-1, comparison is according to exceeding 26.25%, 57.89%, 188.89% and 155.56% respectively.If blade spray cloth 100mg/LALA, then blade Ps value is followed successively by 11.4,9.3,5.3 and 3.0 μ molm
-2S
-1, comparison is according to exceeding 42.5%, 63.16%, 96.30% and 233.3% respectively.Because plant base portion, the illumination that it obtained is few more, and after ALA handles, radical leaves, and the amplitude of its Pn value increase is big more, illustrates that ALA can obviously improve growing plants leave photosynthetic ability (table 1) under the low light level.
Example 2. utilizes low light intensity or the low CO of the photosynthetic instrument of CIRAS-1 type portable plant in artificial control
2Measure respectively under the condition and grow in the about 150 μ molm of top light intensity
-2S
-1The Net Photosynthetic Rate of the different blades of the muskmelon seedling in the incubator is then according to light intensity-Net Photosynthetic Rate or space between cells CO
2The linear relation of concentration-Net Photosynthetic Rate calculates Apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficient separately, the result shows, the Apparent quantum yield of adjoining tree blade illustrates that along with the decline of leaf position almost is multiple (about twice) decline muskmelon is a kind of extremely intolerant plant.If handle with 10mg/LALA, measure photosynthetic rate again after 3 days, then the comparison of the 1st leaf Apparent quantum yield is according to exceeding 40%, and each leaf exceeds 53.75%, 93.15% and 21.05% respectively under it.If handle with 100mg/LALA in advance, then the blade Apparent quantum yield is compared respectively according to exceeding 32.98%, 133.57%, 271.23% and 160.53%.Illustrate that the ALA processing can obviously improve muskmelon blade Apparent quantum yield (table 2).
Similarly, the carboxylation efficient of muskmelon seedling leaves also descends along with the reduction of leaf position, and ALA handles the carboxylation efficient (table 2) that can obviously improve Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades.Wherein compare respectively according to exceeding 65.70% through the carboxylation efficient of 10mg/L ALA processing blade, 184.62%, 59.70% and 97.17%, handle the carboxylation efficient of blade through 100mg/LALA and compare respectively according to exceeding 96.51%, 210.77%, 55.72% and 172.64%.Show that ALA handles the muskmelon blade assimilation CO that has obviously improved growth under the low light level
2Ability.
In addition, from the leaf stomatal conductance measurement result also as can be seen, along with the reduction of plant leaf position, the blade stomatal aperture descends.This may be the result that the illumination deficiency causes the pore functional deterioration on the one hand, also is the reason that the leaf photosynthesis performance reduces on the other hand.Utilize exogenous ALA to handle and obviously to improve leaf stomatal conductance, promote the raising (table 3) of photosynthetic rate.
Measure Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades chlorophyll content result and show that plant radical leaves chlorophyll content significantly is lower than the blade (table 3) than the upper part, this outward appearance symptom with the blade yellow is consistent.And the ALA processing can obviously improve leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content and chlorophyll total amount, and obviously improve the ratio of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a, illustrate that ALA is bigger to the facilitation of chlorophyll b content, thereby help plant and under low light condition, absorb luminous energy better.
Example 3. is incubated at the about 150 μ molm of top light intensity with the muskmelon seedling
-2S
-1In the incubator, during 4 leaf ages with 10mg/LALA or 100mg/LALA solution-treated, measure Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades soluble sugar content and plant dry weight after 15 days, show, ALA handles the soluble sugar content that has obviously improved the muskmelon plant leaf, and wherein 10mg/LALA handles the soluble sugar content raising 43.76% that makes top the 1st leaf, and its lower blade increase rate is respectively 96.02%, 38.32% and 56.37%, overall average is 58.62%; 100mg/LALA handles and makes leaf soluble improve 104.92%, 132.05%, 34.54% and 35.79% respectively, and overall average is 76.83%.Obviously, ALA handles the leaf soluble increase has substantial connection with its photosynthetic rate raising.In addition, the dry weight of measuring ALA processing plant shows that 10mg/LALA and 100mg/LALA handle back plant dry weight and compare respectively according to exceeding 17.38% and 26.91%, illustrates that the dry-matter accumulation amount increases.
But it not is because ALA handles the inhibition to the dark respiration effect that the plant dry matter accumulation increases.On the contrary, the result who measures the blade respiratory rate shows that 10mg/L ALA handles the dark respiration speed that has all improved the different joints of muskmelon seedling position blade with 100mg/L ALA, and average amplification is 40%, illustrates that ALA handles the rear blade metabolic activities and strengthens.On the other hand, measure blade photorespiration rate result and show that ALA handles and reduced muskmelon blade photorespiration rate.Handle the photorespiration of plant leaf and have only about 80% of contrast.Because photosynthesis of plant and photorespiration all are by the catalysis of RuBP carboxylation oxygenase, the ALA processing has suppressed photorespiration intensity must increase this enzyme to CO
2Affinity, so although plant dark respiration speed increases, Net Photosynthetic Rate is still obviously promoted.
Example 4. a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling are incubated at the about 150 μ molm of top light intensity
-2S
-1The plant illumination incubator in, water with 10mg/LALA or 50～500mg/L LA respectively during 4 leaf ages, each 5～10ml, for three days on end, then with the pouring of 200mmol/L NaCl solution, each 10～20ml continuous 7 days, measures the 2nd photosynthetic rate of launching blade in plant top with the portable photosynthetic instrument of CIRAS-1 type then.The result shows that 200mmol/L NaCl handles and significantly suppressed a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling leaves photosynthesis, and exogenous ALA and LA processing obviously can improve a variety of Chinese cabbage leaf photosynthesis speed under the salt stress.
No matter at light intensity-photosynthetic rate response curve (table 5) still at CO
2In-photosynthetic rate the response curve (table 6), the treatment effect of ALA and LA is all very obvious.Under the light saturation conditions, NaCl handles the plant leaf Net Photosynthetic Rate and only is 17.79% of contrast, and 10mg/LALA processing plant leaf photosynthetic rate is 30.28% of contrast, 500mg/LLA handles plant leaf and is 42.31% of contrast, handles plant high 70.21% and 137.83% than simple NaCl respectively.Because LA can block on the one hand ALA metabolism in the plant corpus, it is synthetic and promote that therefore endogenous ALA generates to suppress heme on the other hand again, thereby LA handles and improves a variety of Chinese cabbage leaf photosynthesis speed and may increase relevant with endogenous ALA content.
Similarly, regularly measure space between cells CO when incident intensity one
2Asynchronous Net Photosynthetic Rate shows that also ALA or LA handle and obviously improve a variety of Chinese cabbage leave photosynthetic ability (table 6) that grows under the low light level and the salt stress.With space between cells CO
2Concentration is 300 μ lL
-1The time photosynthetic rate be example, the Pn value that 200mmol/LNaCl handles blade only is 10.09% of contrast, rise to 23.76% of contrast and add 10mg/LALA rear blade Pn, the Pn value that 50～500mg/L LA handles blade is respectively 27.02% of contrast, 29.19%, 30.75%, 31.68% and 33.39%, all the utmost point is significantly higher than simple salt processing.
Example 5. muskmelon seedling are incubated in the plant illumination incubator, the about 150 μ molm of plant top light intensity
-2S
-1, cultivation temperature is 25～30 ℃, illumination every day 12 hours.During 4 leaf ages, water its root system with 10mg/LALA solution.After three days, seedling transferred to carry out low temperature treatment in 8 ℃.Though seedling is transferred under the normal temperature condition again after 4 hours in low temperature treatment, ALA handles between plant and untreated control does not have notable difference in outward appearance, but the leaf photosynthesis speed of recovering at normal temperatures to measure after 2 hours shows, the Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn) of all blades of ALA preliminary treatment plant all is higher than untreated control, especially the Pn value utmost point of first blade in top is significantly higher than contrast (table 7), illustrates that ALA preliminary treatment plant can prevent the injury of low temperature to the plant photosynthesis ability to a certain extent.After plant after the low temperature treatment keeps 20 hours at normal temperatures, then 50% of the not enough contrast of handling without ALA of plant leaf photosynthetic rate, and the pretreated plant leaf Pn of ALA value has returned to the control level without low temperature treatment, illustrates that the ALA preliminary treatment helps the recovery of plant photosynthesis performance behind the low temperature.
If in 8 ℃ of low temperature, handled 6 hours, then contrast blade and almost completely be water stain shape, be that the mesophyll cell collapse is dead, and ALA preliminary treatment plant almost excellent (accompanying drawing), show that ALA handles the recovery not only help plant leaf blade photosynthetic performance behind the low temperature, and can significantly improve cold resistance of plant.
Example 6. is incubated at the muskmelon seedling in the plastic tunnel of polyvinyl chloride film, and intensity of illumination is approximately 60% of nature light intensity, equally also observes the facilitation of ALA processing to leaf photosynthesis.The contrast blade is at artificial control light 300 μ mol m
-2s
-1The Pn value that records under the condition is 5.9 μ mol m
-2s
-1, and the Pn value that 10mg/L ALA handles is 7.1 μ mol m
-2s
-1, comparison is according to exceeding 20% (table 8).At 1000 μ mol m
-2s
-1The ALA that records under the light intensity condition handles the comparison of plant Pn value according to high by 40%.In addition, also observe the facilitation of ALA processing, but under this medium light intensity condition, do not observe the facilitation of ALA processing Apparent quantum yield to carboxylation efficient.This with low light condition under slightly different.ALA handles and also reduces blade photorespiration rate and CO
2Compensation point.The photorespiration that ALA handles blade only is 75% of contrast.
Example 7. carries out the ALA application test in booth muskmelon production area, and kind is west thin Lip river holder, and the ALA working concentration is respectively 10mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L, and the experimental plot area is 100m
2The result shows that ALA handles and obviously promotes output to improve, and improves fruit quality.Compared with the control, ALA handles the average per unit area yield in sub-district increases by 17.98%, 26.40% and 33.15% respectively, and the fruit soluble solid increases by 11.29%, 10.48% and 12.90% (table 9).
Example 8. is in a variety of Chinese cabbage seed germination process, be 82% with 1 day a variety of Chinese cabbage seed germination rate of distilled water seed soaking under 30 ℃ of conditions, and only be 19% in 150mmol/L NaCl solution, if in salting liquid, add 0.05～20mg/LALA solution, then seed germination rate improves gradually along with the increase of ALA concentration, and wherein the simple salt processing of the ratio of 20mg/L processing is high by 84%.Behind seed germination the 6th day, measure salt processing and variable concentrations ALA influence to a variety of Chinese cabbage growth of seedling, find that the salt processing has extremely significantly suppressed plant strain growth, and ALA processing obviously promotion growth of seedling (table 10) under the salt stress, wherein the plant overground part fresh weight handled of 10～20mg/L ALA with the notable difference that do not have with the salt contrast, illustrate the ALA processing can the antagonism salinity to the inhibitory action of seed germination and growth of seedling.
Example 9. is a material with a variety of Chinese cabbage seed, and ALA the results are shown in Table 11 and table 12 to respiratory influence in the seed germination process under the normal and condition of salt stress of research.
Because 30 ℃ of once used temperature are higher, the seed germination process is too fast.After using 25 ℃ instead, can in 3 days, find out the seed germination process.Obviously, no matter be under the normal condition or in the salt stress, ALA handles a variety of Chinese cabbage seed germination process that promoted.Wherein the 1st day effect of Meng Faing is the most obvious, and the effect along with time lengthening ALA reduces gradually later on, handles but the seed germination rate that ALA handles is significantly higher than the salt that does not add ALA all the time.
The a variety of Chinese cabbage seed of sprouting 1 day under the above-mentioned condition is placed under the condition of different temperatures, measure respiratory intensity then, the result shows that along with the increase of environmental temperature, the seed respiratory intensity improves gradually.No matter be in salt stress or normal condition under, the seed respiratory intensity that ALA handles is higher than un-added contrast all the time.Under 25 ℃, the single seed respiratory rate that does not also add ALA with salt is 15.93nmolCO
2/ hour, and that interpolation 0.5mg/L ALA is 27.00nmolCO
2/ hour, comparison is according to exceeding 69.49%; The single seed respiratory intensity that adds 150mmol/LNaCl is 4.5nmolCO
2/ hour, only be 28.25% of contrast; And add again ALA for 13.5nmolCO
2/ hour, revert to 84.75% of contrast.Obviously, ALA promotes function and its facilitation to respiratory intensity of plant seed germination that substantial connection is arranged.
Example 10. is transferred to a variety of Chinese cabbage seedling of 0.5～20mg/LALA presoaking and germinating in the vegetable plot, and every processing 10 strains were measured single-strain fresh weight after 30 days, shows that the ALA processing also can promote a variety of Chinese cabbage growth of seedling under normal operation.Wherein 20mg/LALA handles and makes plant overground part fresh weight increase by 15～40%, and the underground part fresh weight increases by 25～60% (tables 13).Obviously, the treatment effect of ALA is significantly, and to the facilitation of root system greater than overground part.
Table 1. is through the response of 3 days muskmelon seedling Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades Net Photosynthetic Rate of ALA processing to light intensity
Incident light quantum flux density (μ molm
-2S
-1) handle
0 14 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1600 contrast Net Photosynthetic Rate (μ molm
-2S
-1)
The 1st leaf-1.3-0.6 0.5 2.3 3.4 4.1 5.4 67 7.2 7.4 7.7 88
The 2nd leaf-1.4-0.6 0.4 1 1.4 1.6 2 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.6 4.4 5.4 5.7
The 3rd leaf-0.7-0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.7 2 2.2 2.5 2.7
The 4th leaf-0.7 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.910mg/LALA
The 1st leaf-1.2-0.7 13 4.9 6.3 8.3 9 9.3 9.5 9.7 10.1 10.1 10.1
The 2nd leaf-0.8 0.1 1.4 3.1 4.6 5.6 6.9 7.8 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.8 9
The 3rd leaf-0.6 0.1 1.2 2.6 3.9 4.7 5.6 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.5 7.8
The 4th leaf-0.4-0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.3100mg/LALA
The 1st leaf-1.5-1.1 0.3 2.5 4.2 5.7 7.5 9.3 9.7 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.2 11.4
The 2nd leaf-1.2-0.7 1 1.7 2.5 3.2 4.8 5.5 6.3 6.6 7.4 8.7 9 9.3
The 3rd leaf-0.8 0 0.6 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.7 4 4.2 4.6 4.8 5.3
The 4th leaf-0.4 0 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.6 2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.9 3
Table 2.ALA handles the facilitation to the photosynthetic Apparent quantum yield of muskmelon seedling, carboxylation efficient and leaf stomatal conductance
Apparent quantum yield carboxylation efficient stomatal conductance Gs (mmolm
-2s
-1) the leaf position
Contrast 10mg/L ALA 100mg/L ALA contrast 10mg/L ALA 100mg/L ALA contrast 10mg/L ALA 100mg/L ALA the 1st leaf 0.0282 0.0395 0.0375 0.0344 0.0570 0.0676 100.77 161.38 178.46 the 2nd leaf 0.0140 0.0215 0.0327 0.0195 0.0555 0.0606 30.38 68.23 132.15 the 3rd leaf 0.0073 0.0141 0.0271 0.0201 0.0321 0.0313 16.69 37.77 76.62 the 4th leaf 0.0038 0.0046 0.0099 0.0106 0.0209 0.0289 10.23 27.08 28.92
Table 3.ALA handles and improves the muskmelon chlorophyll content in leaf blades
Chlorophyll content (mg/gFW)
The first leaf Chl a Chl b Chl a+b Chl b/a
Contrast 0.9571 0.4871 1.4438 0.5079
10mg/LALA 1.2599 0.6618 1.9212 0.5256
100mg/LALA 1.3866 0.7887 2.1747 0.5683
The 2nd leaf
Contrast 0.9784 0.4804 1.4585 0.4842
10mg/LALA 1.2118 0.6372 1.8485 0.5240
100mg/LALA 1.2923 0.7060 1.9977 0.5462
The 3rd leaf
Contrast 1.0299 0.5123 1.5418 0.4968
10mg/LALA 1.2110 0.6284 1.8390 0.5188
100mg/LALA 1.2106 0.6365 1.8466 0.5237
The 4th leaf
Contrast 0.7927 0.3936 1.1863 0.4965
10mg/LALA 0.9167 0.4637 1.3801 0.5343
100mg/LALA 1.0949 0.5890 1.6839 0.5379
Table 4.ALA handles the influence to respiratory rate under the accumulation of muskmelon blade soluble sugar, dark respiration speed and the light
Soluble sugar content (mg/gFW) dark respiration speed (μ molm
-2S
-1) photorespiration rate (μ molm
-2S
-1) the leaf position
Contrast 10mg/LALA 100mg/LALA contrast 10mg/LALA 100mg/LALA contrast 10mg/LALA 100mg/LALA the 1st leaf 0.914 1.314 1.873 1.183 1.256 1.322 5.952 5.448 5.354 the 2nd leaf 0.855 1.676 1.984 0.801 1.113 1.220 4.621 3.732 3.519 the 3rd leaf 1.216 1.682 1.636 0.618 1.231 1.014 3.296 2.834 2.973 the 4th leaves 1.084 1.695 1.472 0.363 0.562 0.607 3.042 2.023 1.935
Table 5. exogenous ALA or LA handle the influence (CO to a variety of Chinese cabbage blade Net Photosynthetic Rate under the salt stress
2Concentration is constant, and incident intensity is 0～1000 μ molm
-2S
-1)
Handle incident intensity (μ molm
-2S
-1)
0 14 50 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000
Contrast-0.80-0.05 2.00 4.05 5.95 6.95 7.90 8.70 9.65 10.4200mmol/LNaCl-0.30-0.15 0.50 1.20 1.50 1.55 1.65 1.76 1.85 1.8510mg/LALA+NaCl-0.35-0.15 0.80 1.65 1.85 2.55 2.60 2.95 3.1 3.1550mg/L LA+NaCl-0.30-0.10 0.55 1.32 1.63 1.74 1.82 2.05 2.10 2.23100mg/L LA+NaCl-0.35-0.15 0.65 1.45 1.78 1.85 2.05 2.34 2.55 2.60200mg/L LA+NaCl-0.35-0.15 0.70 1.65 1.80 2.15 2.40 2.75 2.90 3.03300mg/L LA+NaCl-0.33-0.15 0.85 1.86 2.55 2.86 3.24 3.45 3.55 3.55500mg/L LA+NaCl-0.32-0.15 1.00 2.00 2.85 3.2 3.55 3.65 4.35 4.40
Table 6. exogenous ALA or LA handle influence to a variety of Chinese cabbage blade Net Photosynthetic Rate under the salt stress, and (incident intensity is 400 μ molm
-2S
-1, space between cells CO
2Be 25～800 μ lL
-1)
Handle space between cells CO
2(μ lL
-1)
25 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800
Contrast-2.50-1.10 1.25 2.84 4.53 6.44 8.25 9.74 10.23200mmol/L NaCl-1.40-0.75-0.45-0.45 0.16 0.65 1.25 1.60 2.0010mg/L ALA+NaCl-1.15-0.90-0.50 0.35 0.67 1.53 2.36 2.67 2.9350mg/L LA+NaCl-1.25-0.75-0.36 0.55 0.98 1.74 2.43 2.95 3.44100mg/L LA+NaCl-1.36-0.65-0.25 0.75 1.23 1.88 2.56 3.15 3.67200mg/L LA+NaCl-1.35-0.70-0.12 0.80 1.34 1.98 2.75 3.45 3.89300mg/L LA+NaCl-1.40-0.66 0.22 0.95 1.45 2.04 2.96 3.66 4.21500mg/L LA+NaCl-1.45-0.70 0.4 1.10 1.55 2.15 3.05 3.80 4.35
Table 7. through 4 hours muskmelon seedling of 8 ℃ of low temperature treatment in normal temperature, recover 2 hours with 20 hours after the Net Photosynthetic Rate of Different Leaf-position Leaf Blades, show that the ALA preliminary treatment recovers the effect of leaf photosynthesis performance
Recover 20 hours Net Photosynthetic Rate leaf position in the normal temperature in 2 hours the Net Photosynthetic Rate normal temperature of recovery
Contrast 10mg/LALA K cryogenic treatment ALA+ low temperature contrast 10mg/LALA K cryogenic treatment ALA+ low temperature the 1st leaf 6.20 9.35 1.00 2.40 8.15 9.13 3.85 8.20 the 2nd leaves 6.30 9.50 0.90 1.60 4.65 7.63 1.85 3.90 the 3rd leaves 3.23 5.05 0.65 1.00 2.95 4.77 1.35 2.65 the 4th leaves 2.50 3.65 0 .30 0.55 2.05 2.67 0.80 1.55
Table 8. booth muskmelon seedling is at artificial control light intensity (0～1000 μ mol m
-2s
-1) following measured Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn)
Incident intensity (μ mol m
-2s
-1) handle
0 15 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90 0 1000 contrasts-1.3-0.5 1.5 2.7 4.0 4.9 5.9 6.6 7.5 7.6 8.5 8.9 9.0 9.610mg/L ALA-2.0-0.8 1.4 3.1 4.4 5.0 7.1 8.7 9.8 10.7 11.7 12.5 12.7 13.5
Table 9.ALA handles the influence to muskmelon output and quality
Per mu yield (kg/666.7m
2) soluble solid % contrasts 890 12.410mg/LALA, 1050 13.850mg/LALA, 1125 13.7100mg/LALA 1,185 14.0
Table 10. variable concentrations ALA solution is to the facilitation of a variety of Chinese cabbage seed germination and growth of seedling under the salt stress
150mmol/L?NaCl+0.05 NaCl+0.07?NaCl+0.1 NaCl+0.3 NaCl+1mg NaCl+5 NaCl+10 NaCl+20
Handle contrast
NaCl mg/LALA mg/LALA mg/LALA mg/LALA /LALA mg/LALA mg/ALA mg/LALA 82％ 19％ 25％ 37％ 38％ 38％ 38％ 41％ 43％ 54％ 0.1974 0.1253 0.1567 0.1655 0.1751 0.1760 0.1891 0.1901 0.1963 0.1987 ( mg/ ) ( 100％ ) ( 63.78％ ) ( 79.38％ ) ( 83.84％ ) ( 88.70％ ) ( 89.16％ ) ( 95.80％ ) ( 96.30％ ) ( 99.44％ ) ( 100.66％ ) 0.0529 0.0280 0.0278 0.0292 0.0316 0.0341 0.0337 0.0351 0.0360 0.0348 ( mg/ ) ( 100％ ) ( 52.93％ ) ( 52.55％ ) ( 55.20％ ) ( 59.74％ ) ( 64.46％ ) ( 63.71％ ) ( 66.35％ ) ( 68.05％ ) ( 65.78％ )
Table 11.0.5mg/LALA handles the influence (25 ℃) to a variety of Chinese cabbage seed germination process
Seed germination rate (%)
Handle
The 1st day the 2nd day the 3rd day
Contrast 65.00 89.00 93.25150mmol/L NaCl, 18.33 63.33 68.500.5mg/L ALA, 77.50 92.50 95.20NaCl+ALA 35.00 76.25 82.33
Table 12.ALA is to the influence (nmolCO of a variety of Chinese cabbage seed respiratory intensity sprouted under the condition of different temperatures
2/ h)
Handle 13 ℃ 18 ℃ 20 ℃ 21 ℃ 22 ℃ 23 ℃ 24 ℃ 25 ℃
Contrast 8.10 10.35 11.25 12.33 12.60 13.50 14.40 15.93 0.5mg/LALA, 13.05 16.2 17.73 19.53 21.33 22.77 24.57 27.00150mmol/L NaCl, 1.80 2.70 2.97 3.33 4.23 4.50 4.50 4.50 ALA+NaCl 8.35 9.23 9.63 10.35 10.8 11.48 12.38 13.50
Table 13. variable concentrations ALA handles the promotion effect to a variety of Chinese cabbage growth of seedling under the normal field condition
Handle contrast 0.5mg/LALA 1mg/LALA 10mg/LALA 20mg/LALA
Overground part fresh weight 15.00 15.26 15.48 15.59 17.32
(g/ strain) (100%) (101.73%) (103.20%) (103.93%) (115.47%) test 1
Underground part fresh weight 3.28 3.83 3.75 4.14 4.11
(g/ strain) (100%) (116.77%) (114.33%) (126.22%) (125.30%)
Overground part fresh weight 10.66 11.61 12.88 13.74 14.82
(g/ strain) (100%) (108.91%) (120.83) (128.89%) (139.02%) test 2
Underground part fresh weight 3.87 5.01 5.55 5.76 6.15
(g/ strain) (100%) (129.46%) (143.41%) (148.84%) (158.91%)
Claims (2)
1. one kind promotes plant growing and the method that strengthens resistance, it is characterized in that, water root system or spray cloth blade with 0.01～20mg/L hydrochloric acid-5-amino-laevulic acid seed soaking or in the growth of seedling phase with 1～100mg/L hydrochloric acid-5-amino-laevulic acid in the seed germination phase, continuous 1～3 day, every day 1 time.
2. a kind of plant growing and method that strengthens resistance of promoting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, analog levulinic acid 50～500mg/L pouring root system or spray cloth blade in the plant seedling growth phase with the 5-amino-laevulic acid, continuous 1～3 day, every day 1 time.
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