CN1395911A - 外用假体的扭转装置 - Google Patents

外用假体的扭转装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1395911A
CN1395911A CN02124486A CN02124486A CN1395911A CN 1395911 A CN1395911 A CN 1395911A CN 02124486 A CN02124486 A CN 02124486A CN 02124486 A CN02124486 A CN 02124486A CN 1395911 A CN1395911 A CN 1395911A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
torsion device
torsionspring
spring
bearing
torsion
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN02124486A
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English (en)
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CN1171568C (zh
Inventor
里夏德·斯基哈
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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Publication of CN1395911A publication Critical patent/CN1395911A/zh
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0041—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels or rivets, e.g. connecting screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0069—Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0018—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
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    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0019—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in hardness, e.g. Vickers, Shore, Brinell

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Abstract

本发明涉及外用假体系统的扭转装置，它具有一个近端部分(1)，该接近部分抵抗一个弹簧弹性的扭转件的作用相对一个远端部分(2)可在正及反方向(5，6)上转动。为了增加功能范围，本发明提出：扭转弹簧件(4)在正转动方向(5)上具有相对反转动方向(6)不同的扭转特性。

Description

外用假体的扭转装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外用假体的扭转装置，它具有一个近端部分，该近端部分抵抗一个弹簧弹性的扭转件的作用相对一个远端部分可在正及反方向上转动，其中扭转件在正转动方向上具有与在反转动方向上不同的扭转特性。
背景技术
在外用假体技术中使用冲击缓冲器来对地面反作用力减振及缓冲。地面反作用力在行走，跑及跳期间通过与地面的接触经假肢以及轴销作用到身体残位上及其它体位上。该力的减振及缓冲可帮助敏感的身体残位及其它体位，减小残位问题，避免肌肉及骨骼机构的过负载及改善病人的舒适度。在大腿截肢病人身上该装置的转动功能可补偿由于残位轴销在臀部的硬性连接引起的髋关节转动能力的丧失。在此情况下，在一个走步周期的站立状态期间脚相对臀部的内转动具有特殊意义。用于冲击缓冲器的小偏转的旋转刚性(止动或起始转矩)的增大由病人在现场试验中感到非常舒适及稳定。
开始部分所述的扭转装置可从DE 196 37 173 A1中得知。其中公知了一个假肢支座，它具有一个用于支承病人重量的封闭在其中的可压缩流体容积。该支座包括可固定在病人腿残位上的第一端部区段及在第一端部区段对面的第二端部区段，后者可与脚假肢相连接并可相对第一端部区段绕支座的一个纵向轴转动。第一及第二端部区段通过扭转弹簧相连接，该扭转弹簧用第一弹簧刚度抵抗顺时针方向的转动及用第二弹簧刚度抵抗在逆时针方向的转动，该第二弹簧刚度被这样选择，即它与第一弹簧刚度不同及根据病人的腿截肢残位是右腿还是左腿截肢残位来选择。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，对开始部分所述的扭转装置在功能上作出改进。
根据本发明，该任务基于开始部分所述的扭转装置将这样地解决：扭转件包括两个分开的扭转弹簧件，它们具有不同的弹簧特性及分别在预压力下被这样插放在配置给它们的挡座之间，使得仅是两个扭转弹簧件中的一个在两个转动方向的一个上起作用，即仅在正的转动方向上或反的转动方向上起作用。
在本发明的该定义上及在以下的描述中，近端部分也可表示为一个远端部分及远端部分也可表示为一个近端部分；及扭转弹簧件也可包括一组扭转弹簧件。
名词“弹簧弹性”可理解为弹性和/或粘弹性和/或具有摩擦的弹簧件及粘塑性(Viskoplastizitaet)。
在一个专门的实施形式中，两个扭转弹簧件可通过两个由弹性体组成的环段构成，在转动方向上看它们直接地或间接地各支承在近端部分上的一个拨块上以及支承在位置不动地固定在远端部分上的挡座上。
为了实现紧凑的实施方式及可靠的功能，有利的是，两个扭转弹簧件用各自的第一端支承在所述挡座的圆周方向的两个对立端上及用各自的第二端部各支承在一个第二挡座上，其中这些第二挡座分别在圆周方向上对靠置于它们上的扭转弹簧件可至少移动一些圆周角度地支承在远端部分上。
为了使其特性适配于病人的需要，合乎要求的是扭转弹簧件是可置换的。
在另一构型中合乎目的地，第二挡座可在圆周方向上这样移动地被支承，即这些挡座中仅有一个可相对支承在它上的扭转弹簧件移动，而另一第二挡座被另外的支座在预压力下继续保持着。该方案将导致很高的初始刚度。
因此根据本发明，该扭转装置的转动特性如在内转动及外转动时可以不同及可适配于个人。由此，可不同地调节的扭转刚性给出一种可能性，即可实现“软”的内转动及当脚后跟撞击及足尖冲撞时通过“硬”的外转动可保持更大的稳定性。在此情况下对于病人的稳定感觉重要的是，在很小的扭转转矩时不会引起值得注意的转动。可根据本发明实现的扭转弹簧件与转动方向有关的功能和其预压力相组合可得到同样与转动方向有关的止动转矩的形成。
除扭转转矩的负荷外在外用假体及人的运动机体上还冲击地作用了轴向力，因此有利的是，该扭转装置与一个冲击缓冲系统相组合，该系统具有一个轴向弹簧件，该弹簧件的远端支承在远端部分上及该弹簧件的近端支承在以套筒方式被导入远端部分中的近端部分上。
本发明的其它特征是从属权利要求的主题并将借助实施例与本发明的其它优点相组合地详细加以说明。
附图说明
在附图中作为例子表示出本发明的实施形式。附图为：
图1：一个扭转装置的纵截面图，及
图2：根据图1的扭转装置沿图1中线B-B的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图示的扭转装置包括一个近端部分1，该近端部分套筒状地轴向在一个远端部分2中被导向。这两部分1，2可彼此相对地抵抗一个弹簧弹性的扭转件的作用在正的及反的转动方向上转动。在使用该扭转装置时，例如在小腿假肢的情况下，该近端部分1可与一个假肢支座的未端相连接，而远端部分2可与一个假肢脚相连接。
在图示的实施例中扭转件包括两个分开的扭转弹簧件3，4，它们具有不同的弹簧特性，及它们中仅仅一个扭转弹簧件仅在两个转动方向的一个上起作用，即仅在正的转动方向5上或仅在反的转动方向6上起作用。这里两个扭转弹簧件3，4通过两个由弹性体组成的环段构成，它们用各自的第一端支承在一个位置不变地固定在远端部分2上的挡座7的在圆周方向相反的端面7a，7b上，而它们用各自的第二端部支承在各个第二挡座8，9上。这些第二挡座8，9在圆周方向上对靠置于它们上的扭转弹簧件3，4可至少移动一定圆周角度地支承在远端部分2上。这两个可移动的第二挡座8，9支承在一个在相对转动时对它们加载的拨块10上，后者固定在近端部分1上。
扭转弹簧件3，4在它们的相反的圆周侧端加预压力的情况下被放置在为它们配置的挡座7，8或7，9之间。在此情况下，在一个专门的实施形式中第二挡座8，9可在圆周方向上这样移动地被支承，即这些挡座中仅有一个可相对支承在它上的扭转弹簧件3或4移动，而另一第二挡座被另外的支座11或12在预压力下继续保持固定。根据图2，这两个另外的支座11，12分别作为销构成，它们固定地安装在远端部分2上及用一个自由端向内伸到第二挡座8或9的一个移动槽8a或9a中。
扭转弹簧件3，4是可更换的，由此原则上具有一个可能性，即这些扭转弹簧件中的一个由一个很大程度上为刚性的元件代替，该元件使得这两个部分1，2在扭转时在两个转动方向5，6的一个上在一定程度上被闭锁。
在所示的实施例中扭转弹簧件3，4由一种在很大程度上不可压缩的弹性体组成及在通过拨块10扭转加载时可在一个为它设置的结构空腔13或14中被鼓起，它被这样定尺寸，即使得扭转弹簧件3，4的弹簧特性曲线的平坦上升在扭转结束时过渡到一个大的累进(progressiv)上升。
原则上具有这样的可能性，即两个可移动的挡座8，9同时构成近端部分1的轴瓦，该近端部分用一个管状的接管移入远端部分2中。
拨块10正好地或以过盈尺寸插在两个可移动的挡座8，9之间。
所示的扭转装置也设有一个冲击缓冲系统，该系统具有一个轴向弹簧件15，该弹簧件的远端支承在拧入近端部分1中的预压紧螺钉16的头上及该弹簧件的近端支承在拧入近端部分1中的封闭螺钉17上。通过预压紧螺钉16可无级地将预压力施加在轴向弹簧件15上。封闭螺钉17用于闭合一个孔，通过该孔可更换轴向弹簧件15。
轴向弹簧件15由一个弹性体杆构成，该弹性体杆由在很大程度上不可压缩的弹性体组成及在轴向加载的情况下可在一个为它设置的结构空腔中鼓起，它被这样地定尺寸，即使得该弹性体杆的弹簧特性曲线的平坦上升在轴向弹簧挠度终端过渡到一个大的累进上升。
最大的轴向弹簧挠度受到一个非线性终端止挡弹簧件19的限制，后者由一个固定在远端部分2上的弹性体环构成。在扭转装置无轴向作用力时，近端部分1用一个环肩1a靠压在限制其上升的上止挡弹簧件20上。还设有一个螺钉盖21，它被拧在远端部分2的近端上并且构成用于近端部分1的套筒导向结构的一部分。

Claims (23)

1.外用假体的扭转装置，它具有一个近端部分(1)，该近端部分抵抗一个弹簧弹性的扭转件的作用相对一个远端部分(2)可在正及反方向(5，6)上转动，其中扭转件在正转动方向(5)上具有与在反转动方向(6)上不同的扭转特性，其特征在于：扭转件包括两个分开的扭转弹簧件(3，4)，它们具有不同的弹簧特性及各在预压力下被这样安置在配置给它们的挡座(7，8或7，9)之间，使得仅是两个扭转弹簧件(3或4)中的一个在两个转动方向(5或6)的一个上起作用，即仅在正的转动方向上或仅在反的转动方向上起作用。
2.根据权利要求1的扭转装置，其特征在于：两个扭转弹簧件(3，4)通过两个由弹性体组成的环段构成，在转动方向上看它们直接地或间接地各支承在近端部分(1)的一个拨块(10)上以及支承在位置不动地固定在远端部分(2)的挡座(7)上。
3.根据权利要求2的扭转装置，其特征在于：两个扭转弹簧件(3，4)用各自的第一端支承在挡座(7)的圆周方向的两个相反端(7a，7b)上及用各自的第二端部各支承在一个第二挡座(8，9)上，其中这些第二挡座(8，9)分别在圆周方向上对靠置于它们上的扭转弹簧件(3，4)可至少移动一定圆周角度地支承在远端部分(2)上。
4.根据权利要求3的扭转装置，其特征在于：第二挡座(8，9)可在圆周方向上这样移动地被支承，即这些挡座中仅有一个可相对支承在它上的扭转弹簧件(3，4)移动，而另一第二挡座被另外的一个支座(11，12)在预压力下继续保持固定。
5.根据以上权利要求中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：扭转弹簧件(3，4)是可更换的。
6.根据权利要求3-5中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：设有一个固定在近端部分(1)上的拨块(10)用于对两个可移动的第二挡座(8，9)加载。
7.根据权利要求2-6中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：扭转弹簧件(3，4)由一种在很大程度上不可压缩的弹性体组成及在通过拨块(10)扭转加载时可在一个为它设置的结构空腔(13，14)中被鼓起。
8.根据权利要求7的扭转装置，其特征在于：所述空腔(13，14)被这样定尺寸，即使得弹簧特性曲线的平坦上升在扭转结束时过渡到一个大的累进上升。
9.根据权利要求3-8中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：两个可移动的挡座(8，9)同时构成近端部分(1)的轴瓦，该近端部分用一个管状的接管插入远端部分(2)中。
10.根据以上权利要求中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：对于两个扭转弹簧件(3，4)仅设有一个共同的第一挡座(7)。
11.根据权利要求4-10中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：所述拨块(10)正好地或以过盈尺寸插在两个可移动的挡座(8，9)之间。
12.根据以上权利要求中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：设有一个冲击缓冲系统，该系统具有一个轴向弹簧件(15)，该弹簧件的远端支承在远端部分(2)上及该弹簧件的近端支承在以套筒方式在远端部分(2)中被导向的近端部分(1)上。
13.根据权利要求12的扭转装置，其特征在于：轴向弹簧件(15)可置换地被安置。
14.根据权利要求12或13的扭转装置，其特征在于：设有预压紧螺钉(16)，通过该预压紧螺钉可无级地将预压力施加在轴向弹簧件(15)上。
15.根据权利要求12，13或14的扭转装置，其特征在于：近端部分(1)具有一个可通过封闭螺钉(17)闭合的、用于更换轴向弹簧件(15)的孔。
16.根据权利要求15的扭转装置，其特征在于：封闭螺钉(17)同时构成一个预压紧螺钉。
17.根据权利要求12-16中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：最大的轴向弹簧挠度受到一个终端止挡弹簧件(19)的限制。
18.根据权利要求17的扭转装置，其特征在于：设有一个非线性终端止挡弹簧件(19)。
19.根据权利要求17或18的扭转装置，其特征在于：终端止挡弹簧件(19)由一个固定在远端部分(2)上的弹性体环构成。
20.根据权利要求12-19中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：在扭转装置无轴向作用力时，近端部分(1)用一个环肩(1a)靠置在限制其上行程的上止挡弹簧件(20)上。
21.根据权利要求12-20中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：设有一个构成用于近端部分(1)的套筒导向结构的螺钉盖(21)，它被拧在远端部分(2)的近端上。
22.根据权利要求12-21中一项的扭转装置，其特征在于：轴向弹簧件(15)由弹性体杆构成。
23.根据权利要求22的扭转装置，其特征在于：弹性体杆(15)由在很大程度上不可压缩的弹性体组成及在轴向加载的情况下可在一个为它设置的结构空腔(18)中被鼓起，它被这样定尺寸，即使得弹簧特性曲线的平坦上升在轴向弹簧挠度的终端过渡到一个大的累进上升。
CNB021244863A 2001-06-29 2002-06-28 外用假体的扭转装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1171568C (zh)

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