CN1387587A - 锌磷化处理法和污染可能性减小的组合物 - Google Patents

锌磷化处理法和污染可能性减小的组合物 Download PDF

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CN1387587A
CN1387587A CN00815190A CN00815190A CN1387587A CN 1387587 A CN1387587 A CN 1387587A CN 00815190 A CN00815190 A CN 00815190A CN 00815190 A CN00815190 A CN 00815190A CN 1387587 A CN1387587 A CN 1387587A
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M·L·希恩考斯基
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Abstract

可通过将活性组分的浓度保持在规定的范围内而减少含锌、锰和任选的镍或铜离子的常规优质磷化组合物的磷酸盐浓度,因而可减小可能的污染,但不损失形成的磷酸盐涂层的防腐蚀值。在最优选的条件下,先磷化后涂漆的冷轧钢的耐腐蚀性以及对先磷化后涂漆的电镀锌钢的油漆附着力都高于应用目前最常用的工业优质低锌磷化处理法获得的值。

Description

锌磷化处理法和污染可能性减小的组合物
发明背景
本发明涉及一种在活性金属表面形成含锌磷酸盐转化型涂层的方法,所述表面更具体地选自下组物质:(i)钢和包含至少50wt%铁的其它非钝化亚铁合金,(ii)镀锌钢,(iii)锌或包含至少50wt%锌的锌合金的其它表面;以及(iv)铝和包含至少50wt%铝的铝合金。
人们熟知,磷酸锌转化型涂料(特别是那些现代的“低锌”型),能为下一道漆产生极好防腐性的头道漆。通常认为,现有工艺中“低锌”磷化液组合物的两个重要特性是:磷酸盐浓度是每升组合物至少5克(该浓度单位在下文通常缩写为“g/l”),更优选至少10g/l,以及至少为10∶1的磷酸盐与锌浓度的重量比。应用这样的磷化组合物的工艺产生大量含磷酸盐的废水,磷酸盐在大多数管辖区域是必须减少的污染物。本发明的一个目的是提供这样的磷化方法:它使用更低含量污染物的组合物但仍能达到作为头道漆令人满意的防腐性能。
除了权利要求书和操作实施例中的,或在它处相反地指出的之外,本文描述中表示物质的量或反应条件和/或使用条件的所有数量都应理解为在描述本发明最宽范围时通过“约”这个词来修饰。不过,在规定的数字范围内的操作通常是优选的。同样,在说明书和 书中,除非明显表示相反的含义:百分比,“部分”,和比值都是按重量计算的;术语“聚合物”包括“低聚物”,“共聚物”,“三元共聚物”等;关于本发明给定目的合适的或优选的一组或一类物质的描述暗示该组或该类物质的任意两种或多种的混合物同样是合适的或优选的;对化学术语中组分的描述指在添加到本说明书中定义的任何组合物时的组分,一旦混合就不必排除混合物组分间的化学作用;关于离子形式的物质的详细说明暗示足量抗衡离子的存在,从而使组合物整体上呈电中性,这样含蓄说明的任何抗衡离子优选选自明确说明的呈离子形式的在可能范围内的其它组分;除了避免不利地影响本发明目的的抗衡离子,其它这样的抗衡离子可自由选择;术语“漆”及其语法上的变化形式包括任何更专业类型的保护性外用涂料,例如,大漆,电泳漆(electropaint),紫胶,面漆,底漆,彩色涂层等;术语“摩尔”及其变化形式可适用于离子型物质,化学不稳定的中性物质或任何其它化学物质,无论是真实的或假设的,它由存在的原子类型和规定的单元中包含的每种原子类型的数目确定,还适用于良好定义的中性分子的物质。
发明概述
已经发现,适当控制磷化组合物和方法的其它特性,可从通过磷化组合物形成的转化型涂料获得完全令人满意的防腐头道漆,所述组合物比迄今启示的组合物具有更小的磷酸盐浓度和磷酸盐与锌的比。磷化组合物的可能的污染相应地减小了。在一些底材上,耐腐蚀性实际上改善了(与当前应用具有更高磷酸盐浓度的其它类似磷化组合物的常规方法达到的耐腐蚀性相比)。本发明的详细描述和优选的实施方案
本发明的工作磷化组合物包含水和下列组分,优选主要由,或更优选由水和下列组分组成:(A)溶解的磷酸根阴离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度不多于(随给定顺序越发优选):13,10,9.5,9.0,8.5,8.0,7.5,7.0,6.5,为了节约至少仍可更优选不多于6.0,5.5,5.0,4.5,4.0,3.5,3.0或2.5g/l,而且独立地优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.5,1.0,1.5,1.7,1.9或2.0g/l;(B)溶解的锌阳离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90,0.93,0.95或0.97g/l,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)2.0,1.8,1.6,1.50,1.40,1.35,1.30,1.25,1.20,1.15,1.10,1.05或1.00g/l;和(C)溶解的锰(II)阳离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是(随给   定顺序越发优选)0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35,0.40,0.45或0.48,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)2.0,1.5,1.2,1.0,0.90,0.80,0.75,0.70,0.65,0.60,0.55或0.50;以及任选地,下列组分中的一种或多种:(D)至少下列之一的组分:-溶解的镍(II)阳离子,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50或0.60g/l,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)2.0,1.5,1.3或1.1g/l;和-溶解的铜阳离子,它的浓度至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.0001,0.0003,0.0005,0.0007,0.0009,0.0011,0.0013,0.0015,0.0017,0.0019或0.0021g/l,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)0.030,0.025,0.020,0.015,0.010或0.070g/l;(E)溶解的含氟阴离子组分,它具有的下列以氟化物表示的化学计量当量至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35,0.40,0.45,0.50或0.55g/l,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)2.0,1.5,1.2,1.0,0.90或0.80g/l;(F)溶解的硝酸根离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.5,1. 0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5或3.9g/l,而且独立地,至少为了节约,优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)20,15,12,10或8.8g/l;和(G)溶解的促进剂组分,包含至少一种选自下组的物质:-0.3~4g/l氯酸根离子;-0.01~0.2g/l亚硝酸根离子;-0.05~2g/l间硝基苯磺酸根离子;-0.05~2g/l间硝基苯甲酸根离子;-0.05~2g/l对硝基苯酚;
-0.005~0.15g/l呈游离或结合形式的过氧化氢;
-0.1~10g/l呈游离或结合形式的羟胺;以及
-0.1~10g/l还原糖。
如果组合物的初始pH值低于3.80±0.03,它具有正的游离酸点,该游离酸点在数量上被定义为等于滴定10.0ml组合物试样至pH值为3.80±0.03所需的0.100N强碱的毫升(在下文通常缩写为“ml”)数;如果组合物的初始pH值高于3.80±0.03,它具有负的游离酸点,该游离酸点被定义为与滴定10ml组合物试样至pH为3.80±0.03所需的强酸的毫升数具有相同绝对值的负数。如果初始组合物的pH值为3.80±0.03,它具有0.0点的游离酸。除了包含上述组分以外,本发明的工作组合物优选的游离酸值至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)-1.0,-0.5,0.0,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40或0.49点,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)3.0,2.5,2.0,1.90,1.80,1.70,1.60,1.50,1.40,1.30,1.20或1.11点。
本发明组合物中镍阳离子的存在是优选的,除非在应用组合物的管辖区域内防污染法使镍的存在不经济。在这种情况下,铜阳离子的存在也是优选的,除非因为污染它们也不经济。
本发明组合物中含氟化物的阴离子的存在通常是优选的,尤其是在大多数情况下磷化铝时。当磷化钢或含锌表面(如镀锌钢)时,存在的全部氟化物优选是配位氟化物,但当磷化铝时,一些氟化物优选作为“游离氟化物”存在,一个可通过氟化物离子敏感电极测量的组合物特性,该敏感电极与组合物接触并且与也在同样体积的组合物中的参比电极有电连接,这是本领域技术人员已知的。优选通过下列物质中的至少一种为本发明组合物提供配位氟化物:四氟硼酸、六氟硅酸、六氟钛酸、六氟锆酸和所有这些酸的盐。至少为了节约,六氟硅酸是最优选的。当需要或希望游离氟化物时,优选由氢氟酸和/或氟化氢铵提供。
本发明组合物中硝酸盐的存在是优选的,而且独立地优选至少部分地通过硝酸提供硝酸盐,不过,也可以用硝酸盐。当用硝酸盐时,它与磷酸盐的比例优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.20∶1.00,0.25∶1.00,0.30∶1.00,0.37∶1.00,0.39∶1.00,0.41∶1.00,0.80∶1.00,1.2∶1.00,1.6∶1.00或1.9∶1.00,而且独立地(至少为了节约),优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)30∶1.00,20∶1.00,10∶1.00,5∶1.00,3.0∶1.00,2.5∶1.00,2.2∶1.00或2.0∶1.00。硝酸盐以比磷酸盐的至少上述比例存在的优选性主要标识原因是在如GM9540P这样的试验中涂漆后耐腐蚀性的改善(特别是对冷轧钢)。
如果只磷化含锌表面,本发明的组合物中就不需促进剂组分;但对于主要是正亚铁的和/或含铝表面,优选促进剂。如果磷化过程的操作员对监控促进剂的浓度和根据需要从不同于其它补充成分源的源补充它没有异议,通常优选以亚硝酸盐作为促进剂,这是由于它的高的技术可靠性和在低浓度下的效率。当亚硝酸盐被用作促进剂时,它的浓度优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.03,0.05,0.07,0.09或0.11g/l,而且独立地优选不多于0.18,0.16,0.14或0.12g/l。如果认为亚硝酸盐是有害的(由于它的滥用而可能产生一氧化二氮或其它有毒物质),可通过使用过氧化氢来获得相似的优点。(因为亚硝酸盐和过氧化氢在酸溶液中都非常容易快速分解,所以优选直到开始用之前不久才将它们加入磷化组合物中,所以它们优选不被包含于配制的浓缩物或补充剂浓缩物中。)
如果单包装补充剂更方便,优选呈其稳定结合形式之一的羟胺作为促进剂。羟胺与任何强酸的盐通常在本发明的组合物中足够稳定,它实际将被包含于单包装浓缩物中,至少为节约起见,硫酸盐是特别优选的。肟也可作为羟胺的合适的源。不管具体源是什么,当羟胺在本发明的工作组合物中被用作促进剂时,作为它的与羟胺化学计量相等量测定的浓度优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.20,0.25,0.30,0.33,0.36,或0.39g/l,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)1.5,1.0,0.90,0.80,0.85,0.80,0.75,0.70,0.65或0.61g/l。
本发明的磷化操作可通过将适当制备的底材与本发明的组合物接触来完成。可应用任何实现接触的方法,浸渍和喷涂之一通常是优选的,这取决于待磷化表面的尺寸和形状的复杂性,这在本领域中通常是已知的。当磷化组合物与待磷化的表面接触时如果控制磷化组合物的温度(这也是优选的),就可得到一致的磷化结果。该温度优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)30,35,37,39,41或43℃,而且独立地,主要为了节约,优选不高于(随给定顺序越发优选)85,75,70,65,63,61,59,57或55℃。
可通过本领域已知的方法测定形成的磷酸盐涂层的质量。本发明方法中的这个特性通常被报导为“涂覆量”,将它定义为以克为单位的涂层质量除以以平方米为单位的涂层表面积(在下文缩写为“g/m2”)。对主要是正亚铁的表面(例如冷轧钢),涂覆量优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80或0.86g/m2,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)5.0,4.5,4.0,3.5,3.3,3.0,2.8或2.6g/m2。对主要含锌的表面(例如各种类型的镀锌钢),涂覆量优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00或1.10g/m2,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)7.0,6.5,6.0,5.5,5.0,4.5,4.1或3.8g/m2。对主要含铝的表面(例如商品铝合金),涂覆量优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00或1.05g/m2,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)5.5,5.0,4.5,4.0,3.5,3.0,2.8,2.6,2.4或2.2g/m2。(所有这些涂覆量的优选值都基于腐蚀试验结果且在特定条件下可能需要改变。)
如果达到了期望的涂覆量,本发明的方法中磷化组合物和底材之间接触的时间通常并不是关键性的,这大概是因为在用磷化组合物接触新表面初始时的涂层形成速率比初始已经形成甚至一层薄磷酸盐涂层之后快得多。一般说来,当通过浸渍接触时,接触时间优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.2,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.1,1.3,1.5,1.7或1.9分钟,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)30,20,15,10,5,3.0,2.7,2.5,2.3或2.1分钟;当通过喷涂接触时,接触时间优选至少是(随给定顺序越发优选)0.05,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90或0.95分钟,而且独立地优选不多于(随给定顺序越发优选)10,7,5,4.0,3.5,3.0,2.5或2.1分钟。
在与本发明组合物接触之前,优选通过本领域已知的任何一种方法清洁、漂洗和活化本发明的操作中的待磷化底材。在下面的实施例中阐述了一些优选的、但决不是排他性的实施方案。同样,在本发明的磷化组合物与底材接触所预期的时间之后,优选取出底材而不再接触任何磷化组合物,用水漂洗,然后任选按本领域已知的和下文的实施例中阐述的那样进一步处理。
可通过参考下文给出的实施例和对比实施例进一步理解本发明和它的优点。实施例和对比实施例的一般操作程序
下文的操作按如下顺序进行(下列所有以商标鉴别的物质都可从Henkel Surface Technologies Division of Henkel Corporation,Madison Heights,Michigan,U.S.A.商购;在下文通常将该来源缩写为“HST”):
1.用通过在水中溶解0.7vol%的PARCO清洁剂浓缩物1523A和0.13vol%的PARCO清洁剂浓缩物1523S而配制的溶液喷涂90秒(在下文通常缩写为“sec”)进行清洁,将所述溶液保存在温度为49℃的喷嘴储器中。
2.通过喷洒自来水漂洗30sec,将自来水保存在温度在32~35℃范围内的喷嘴储器中。
3.用通过在水中溶解1.5g/l的FIXODINEZ8调节剂浓缩物而配制的溶液喷涂表面30sec对表面进行调节,将所述溶液保存在温度在24~27℃范围内的喷嘴储器中。
4.磷酸盐涂层如下文更详细的描述。
5.用自来水以环境宜人的温度(18~23℃)喷淋漂洗30sec。
6.用去离子水以环境宜人的温度喷淋漂洗30sec。
7.用压缩空气以环境宜人的温度吹干。
在一些情况下(如下文的具体注释中所指示的),在某些类型的耐腐蚀试验前用漆或其它保护涂料进一步涂布试验样品。底材
所有试验的底材都是下列材料之一的常规矩形试验板:冷轧钢,电镀锌钢,热浸镀锌钢;ElectrogalvanealTM,以及铝合金2036,5052和6111。工作组合物和操作方法
工作组合物和操作条件的一些细节示于表1。除了表1中列出的组分以外,每种组合物还包含约0.11g/l亚硝酸根离子(以亚硝酸钠的形式提供)。在实施例1~30和对比实施例1中,通过浸渍接触底材2.0分钟,而在实施例31中,通过喷涂接触底材1.0分钟。在实施例1~30和对比实施例1中,表1中所示的所有氟化物都是以H2SiF6添加的。在实施例31中,0.6g/l氟化物是以H2SiF6添加的,而其余的则是HF。在表1中,“Ex”指“实施例”(本发明的),而“CE”表示“对比实施例”。
表2示出了从表2中除实施例15(它是实施例3的重复)和实施例30之外的所有成分形成的涂料的试验性能;实施例30及其改进实施例的试验性能列于表3,名称“含游离氟化物”表示除了表1中说明的配位氟化物的量以外,还在表1中实施例30所示组合物中添加足量HF导致在LINEGUARD101A仪表(可从HST商购)上产生150微安的读数。一些加速腐蚀试验的结果列于表4和5中。
表4示出了在表2中在冷轧钢和电镀锌钢底材上各种组合物和操作条件的腐蚀试验结果。在表4中报告的试验开始之前,在上述标准操作1~6后进一步按下述那样涂布底材:用PPG ED5050B底漆(对于除实施例31以外的所有实施例)或BASF U 32AD350“无铅”底漆(对于实施例31)阴极电泳涂漆→用杜邦亮白527DF715底涂→用杜邦RK8010涂面漆(清漆)。
表5示出了如表3中所示实施例30组合物的一些变化形式的腐蚀试验结果。为了产生表5中所示的结果,当所用的电泳涂漆底漆不含铅时,使用涂覆量和表面外观如表3中所示的“含游离氟化物”磷化的底材;当所用的电泳涂漆底漆确实含铅时,就使用涂覆量和表面外观如表3中所示的“不含游离氟化物”磷化的底材。在开始这些腐蚀试验之前,以关于表4同样的方式进一步预备底材,但存在如下例外:当表5指示“PLN90后处理”时,用按供应商的建议制备的PARCOLENE90后处理浓缩物溶液(来自HST)代替上述操作6中的去离子水;当表5指示“无铅”时,按关于表4的实施例31那样涂布底材;而且当表5指示“含铅E-涂料”时,在后处理(用水或PARCOLENE90的溶液)后,按关于表4的实施例1~29那样涂布底材。再者,在表5中,分别报导了三组或两组预期的重复试验组的结果。除了在表5中报告的结果以外,还测定了水浸泡240小时前后油漆对冷轧钢和电镀锌钢底材的附着力,结果表明,无论怎样附着力没有损失。
这些结果表明,本发明(至少在它的更优选的实施方案中)赋予试验的底材至少与目前工业上建立的锌、锰和镍“三阳离子”磷化方法同样好的防腐性能。特别值得注意的是,磷化并涂布的冷轧钢的耐腐蚀性能改善了,且该耐腐蚀性能对磷化组合物的游离酸值的敏感性降低了,因为在本发明优选的值内磷酸盐的浓度降低了。更低的磷酸盐值也促进水浸泡后电镀锌钢上更好的油漆附着力试验等级。
Figure A0081519000151
                                   表1
 标识              相应成分的量   温度,℃
 PO4 -3,g/l   Zn+2,g/l   Mn+2,g/l  Ni+2,g/l 阴离子F,g/l   NO3 -,g/l    FA点
 Ex1     3.1     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     3.9     0.5     54
 Ex2     3.1     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     3.9     1.1     43
 Ex3     9.3     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     3.9     0.5     43
 Ex4     9.3     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     3.9     1.1     54
 Ex5     3.1     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     3.9     0.5     43
 Ex6     3.1     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     3.9     1.1     54
 Ex7     9.3     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     3.9     0.5     54
 Ex8     9.3     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     3.9     1.1     43
 Ex9     3.1     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     8.7     0.5     43
 Ex10     3.1     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     8.7     1.1     54
 Ex11     9.3     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     8.7     0.5     54
 Ex12     9.3     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     8.7     1.1     43
 Ex13     3.1     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     8.7     0.5     54
 Ex14     3.1     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     8.7     1.1     43
 Ex15     9.3     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     8.7     0.5     43
 Ex16     12.2     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     8.7     1.1     54
 Ex17     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.5     49
 Ex18     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     1.1     49
 Ex19     3.1     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex20     9.3     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex21     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.10     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex22     6.2     0.98     0.49     1.10     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex23     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     3.9     0.8     49
 Ex24     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     8.7     0.8     49
 Ex25     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     43
 Ex26     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     54
 Ex27     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex28     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 Ex29     6.2     0.98     0.49     0.60     0.53     6.3     0.8     49
 CE1     15.0     1.10     0.83     0.93     0.77     3.2     0.8     49
 Ex30     2.0     0.90     0.40     0.40     0.50     4.4     0.8     49
 Ex31     5.3     1.20     0.39     0.62     1.20     6.5     0.8     49
Figure A0081519000161
                                   表2
  标识                                        涂料特性
                对冷轧钢               对电镀锌钢
  涂覆量,g/m2 晶体尺寸,微米  目视等级   涂覆量,g/m2 晶体尺寸,微米 目视等级
    Ex1     2.5   2至6  G,DC-AC     2.15   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex2     0.88   2至8  G,DC-AC     1.65   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex3     2.6   2至8  G,DC-AC     1.80   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex4     1.54   2至6  G,DN-AC     1.48   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex5     1.77   2至6  G,DC-AC     2.39   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex6     1.32   2至8  G,DC-AC     1.18   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex7     2.2   1至4  G,DNC     3.6   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex8     0.99   3至12  C-ACwV     1.55   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex9     2.2   2至6  G,DC-AC     2.18   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex10     1.48   2至6  G,DC-AC     1.91   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex11     2.3   1至4  G,DNC     1.93   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex12     1.34   5至15  C-ACwV     1.61   2至8  G,DAC
    Ex13     2.1   2至6  G,DC-AC     2.8   2至8  G,DAC
    Ex14     1.12   2至8  G,DC-AC     2.3   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex16     1.80   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.1   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex17     1.91   1至4  G,DN-AC     2.35   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex18     1.39   2至8  G,DN-AC     1.64   2至6  G,DAC
Ex19 1.65 2至6 G,DC-AC 2.03 2至6 G,DAC
    Ex20     1.97   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.14   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex21     1.66   2至6  G,DC-AC     1.73   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex22     1.73   2至8  G,DC-AC     2.2   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex23     1.73   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.05   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex24     1.82   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.0   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex25     1.32   2至6  G,DN-AC     1.95   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex26     1.97   1至4  G,DN-AC     2.36   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex27     1.80   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.10   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex28     1.56   2至6  G,DN-AC     2.14   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex29     1.75   2至6  G,DN-AC     1.94   2至6  G,DAC
    CE1     2.47   2至6  G,DN-AC     3.8   2至6  G,DAC
    Ex31     1.77   3至8  G,DAC     2.6   2至6  G,DAC
                                    …表2的注释在下页…
                    表2的新缩写
“G,DC-AC”指“良好的,紧密的柱状-针状晶体”,“G,DAC”指“良好的,稠密的针状晶体”;“G,DN-AC”指“良好的,稠密的结节-针状晶体”;“G,DNC”指“良好的,稠密的结节的晶体”;而“C-ACwV”指“具有空隙的柱状-针状晶体”。
                                   表3
  涂布的底材     对于通过      aersion     对于通过喷漆涂布
    涂覆量,g/m2   目视等级     涂覆量,g/m2   目视等级
                           不含添加的活性氟化物的结果
    CRS     1.28     UMGCC     0.90     UMGCC
    EGS     1.90     UMGCC     1.38     UMGCC
    HDG     1.57     UMGCC     1.22     UMGCC
    EGA     1.76     UMGCC     1.08     UMGCC
                           含添加的活性氟化物的结果
    CRS     1.25     UMGCC     0.92     UMGCC
    EGS     2.22     UMGCC     2.34     UMGCC
    HDG     2.27     UMGCC     2.15     UMGCC
    EGA     1.55     UMGCC     2.00     UMGCC
    2036 AA     1.03     CCwMDaLGCC     1.03     UMGCC
    5052 AA     1.60     CCwMDaLGCC     1.36     UMGCC
    6111 AA     1.28     CCwMDaLGCC     1.13     UMGCC
                    表3中的新缩写
“CRS”指“冷轧钢”;“EGS”指“电镀锌钢”;“HDG”指“热浸镀锌钢”;“EGA”指“ElectrogalvanealTM镀锌钢”;“AA”指“铝合金”;“UMGCC”指“均匀的无光灰色涂料”;“CCwMDaLGCC”指“由黑色和浅灰色混合涂料完全覆盖的。”
Figure A0081519000181
                         表4
    标识(来自表1或2)     GM9540P试验以mm表示的ACAS:   水浸泡后的附着力等级:
    CRS     EGS     CRS     EGS
    Ex1     3.6     3.0     5     4
Ex2 3.5 2.4 5 1
    Ex3     5.2     3.3     5     2
    Ex4     3.1     2.1     5     1.5
    Ex5     2.3     2.2     5     3
    Ex6     2.5     2.5     5     3.5
    Ex7     7.0     1.3     5     3.5
    Ex8     5.0     2.2     5     1
    Ex9     3.4     2.7     5     4
    Ex10     3.3     3.1     5     4.5
    Ex11     6.0     2.3     5     1
    Ex12     3.5     2.7     5     1
    Ex13     3.5     1.7     5     4
    Ex14     2.8     2.5     5     3.5
    Ex15     6.0     2.1     5     3.5
    Ex16     1.9     2.1     5     2
    Ex17     3.5     2.0     5     3.5
    Ex18     2.0     2.5     5     2
    Ex19     2.8     1.5     5     3
    Ex20     3.6     2.8     5     2
    Ex21     2.5     2.7     5     1
    Ex22     3.5     1.8     5     4.5
    Ex23     4.9     1.3     5     2.5
    Ex24     4.2     1.7     5     4.5
    Ex25     2.7     1.4     5     4.5
    Ex26     3.6     2.0     5     4
    Ex27     3.5     1.3     5     4
    Ex28     2.8     1.3     5     4.5
    Ex29     4.1     1.7     5     4
    CE1     6.7     2.1     5     3.5
    Ex31     10.3     2.4     5     5
              注:“ACAS”指“平均蠕变横向划线”。
Figure A0081519000182
                         表5
  报导的试验和值     底材     后处理  电泳涂漆的底漆中的Pb?           下列组的测试结果:
    1   2     3
  GM954OP40次循环以毫米为单位报导的平均蠕变横向划线     CRS     PLN90     不是     4.2   3.4     3.1
    去离子水     8.9   8.8     7.3
    EGS     PLN90     1.8   2.4     2.5
    去离子水     2.2   1.8     2
    HDG     PLN90     2.7   3.1     2.6
    去离子水     2.8   3.6     3.3
    HDA     PLN90     1.8   1.7     1.7
    去离子水     1.8   2.3     1.7
    AA6111     PLN90     3.4   4.5     5.2
    去离子水     5.8   55.3     6.7
    CRS     PLN90     是的     1.5   1.6     N.d.
    去离子水     2.7   3     N.d.
    EGS     PLN90     1.4   1.8     N.d.
    去离子水     1.2   1.9     N.d.
  336小时喷盐雾,以mm为单位报导的ACAS     CRS     PLN90     不是     0.8   0.9     N.d.
    去离子水     0.9   0.9     N.d.
表5的注释:“N.d.”表示“未测得”。
Figure A0081519000192

Claims (12)

1.在金属表面通过与所述金属表面接触时自发的化学反应形成磷酸盐转化型涂层的含水液体工作组合物,所述含水液体组合物包含水和下列组分:(A)溶解的磷酸根阴离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度不高于约10g/l,而且至少是约0.5g/l;(B)溶解的锌阳离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是约0.30g/l,而且不高于约2.0g/l;和(C)溶解的锰(II)阳离子组分,它在工作组合物中的浓度至少是约0.05g/l,而且不高于约2.0g/l。
2.权利要求1的含水液体组合物,它另外还包含下列组分中的至少一种:(D)至少下列之一的组分:-约0.10~约1.5g/l溶解的镍(II)阳离子;和-约0.0011~约0.025溶解的铜阳离子;(E)溶解的含氟阴离子组分,它具有的以氟化物表示的化学计量当量是约0.10~约1.5g/l;以及(F)约1.0~约15g/l溶解的硝酸根离子组分。
3.权利要求2的含水液体组合物,它的游离酸值在约-0.5~约1.80点的范围内。
4.权利要求3的含水液体组合物,其中:-存在浓度在约2.0~约5.0g/l范围内的溶解的磷酸根阴离子;-存在浓度在约0.60~约1.30范围内的溶解的锌阳离子;-存在浓度在约0.40~约0.60g/l范围内的溶解的锰(II)阳离子;-存在浓度在0.60~1.1g/l范围内的溶解的镍阳离子;-存在溶解的含氟阴离子,以氟化物表示的化学计量当量在约0.50~约0.80g/l范围内;-存在浓度在约3.9~约8.8g/l范围内的溶解的硝酸根离子;-存在包含至少一种选自下组的物质的溶解的促进剂组分:-约0.3~约4g/l氯酸根离子;-约0.01~约0.2g/l亚硝酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l间硝基苯磺酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l间硝基苯甲酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l对硝基苯酚;-约0.005~约0.15g/l呈游离或结合形式的过氧化氢;-约0.1~约10g/l呈游离或结合形式的羟胺;和-约0.1~约10g/l还原糖;以及-游离酸值在约0.49~约1.11点的范围内。
5.在金属表面通过与所述金属表面接触时自发的化学反应形成磷酸盐转化型涂层的含水液体工作组合物,所述含水液体组合物是通过水和至少下列物质混合而制备的:(A)溶解的磷酸根阴离子源,它的量相当于工作组合物中溶解的磷酸根阴离子的浓度不高于约10g/l且至少是约0.5g/l;(B)溶解的锌阳离子源,它的量相当于工作组合物中溶解的锌阳离子的浓度至少是约0.30g/l且不高于约2.0g/l;和(C)溶解的锰(II)阳离子源,它的量相当于工作组合物中溶解的锰(II)阳离子的浓度至少是约0.05g/l且不高于约2.0g/l。
6.权利要求5的含水液体组合物,它是通过另外将水和至少一种下列物质混合而制备的:(D)至少下列之一的离子源:
-约0.10~约1.5g/l的溶解的镍(II)阳离子;和
-约0.0011~约0.025溶解的铜阳离子;(E)溶解的含氟阴离子源,以氟化物表示的化学计量当量是约0.10~约1.5g/l;和(F)约1.0~约15g/l的溶解的硝酸根离子源。
7.权利要求6的含水液体组合物,它的游离酸值在约-0.5~约1.80点的范围内。
8.权利要求7的含水液体组合物,它的游离酸值在约0.49~约1.11点的范围内,并且是通过将水和至少下列物质混合而制备的:-溶解的磷酸根阴离子源,它的量相当于溶解的磷酸根阴离子的浓度在约2.0~约5.0g/l范围内;-溶解的锌阳离子源,它的量相当于溶解的锌阳离子浓度在约0.60~约1.30范围内;-溶解的锰(II)阳离子源,它的量相当于溶解的锰(II)阳离子浓度在约0.40~约0.60g/l范围内;-溶解的镍阳离子源,它的量相当于溶解的镍阳离子浓度在0.60~1.1g/l范围内;-溶解的含氟阴离子源,它的量相当于以氟化物表示的化学计量当量浓度是约0.50~约0.80g/l;-溶解的硝酸根离子源,它的量相当于溶解的硝酸根阴离子浓度在约3.9~约8.8g/l范围内;-至少一种溶解的促进剂组分源,它的量相当于选自下组的至少一种浓度和物质的组合:-约0.3~约4g/l氯酸根离子;-约0.01~约0.2g/l亚硝酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l间硝基苯磺酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l间硝基苯甲酸根离子;-约0.05~约2g/l对硝基苯酚;-约0.005~约0.15g/l呈游离或结合形式的过氧化氢;-约0.1~约10g/l呈游离或结合形式的羟胺;和-约0.1~约10g/l还原糖。
9.一种在金属底材上形成磷酸盐转化型涂层的方法,该方法通过将所述金属底材与权利要求1~8的任何一项的含水液体组合物接触。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中,将所述含水液体组合物的温度保持在约35~约61℃范围内的温度。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中,所述底材的表面主要含铁、锌或铝,而且通过本方法在所述表面上形成的涂覆量是:如果表面主要含铁,涂覆量在约0.80~约2.8g/m2范围内;如果表面主要含锌,涂覆量在约1.0~约4.1g/m2范围内;如果表面主要含铝,涂覆量在约1.0~约2.4g/m2范围内。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中,所述底材的表面主要含铁、锌或铝,而且通过本方法在所述表面上形成的涂覆量是:如果表面主要含铁,涂覆量在约0.80~约2.8g/m2范围内;如果表面主要含锌,涂覆量在约1.0~约4.1g/m2范围内;如果表面主要含铝,涂覆量在约1.0~约2.4g/m2范围内。
CN00815190A 1999-11-04 2000-11-01 锌磷化处理法和污染可能性减小的组合物 Pending CN1387587A (zh)

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