CN1360529A - 堵塞孔的方法和由所述方法制成的冷却元件 - Google Patents
堵塞孔的方法和由所述方法制成的冷却元件 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/14—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for soldering seams
- B23K1/18—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for soldering seams circumferential seams, e.g. of shells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28F11/02—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0045—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
一种用于堵塞孔的方法,尤其是在冷却元件中的孔,在该方法中,在基本上主要由铜制成的工件例如冷却元件(1)的壳体元件(2)上形成的孔(9)中,安放一个主要由铜制成的塞子(8)。在所述塞子(8)的侧面(11)和孔的内表面(13)之间,安放熔点低于需连接在一起的工件的熔点的钎焊剂(10),然后将塞子(8)和工件比如冷却元件的壳体元件(2)之间的接合区域加热到至少高达钎焊剂的熔点,或者到达钎焊剂的熔点附近,此后冷却接合区域。本发明还涉及一种根据所述方法制造的冷却元件。
Description
本发明涉及一种在权利要求1的前序部分中描述的用于堵塞孔的方法。本发明还涉及一种如权利要求12所述的冷却元件。
总的来说,本发明涉及一种用于堵塞孔的方法,在该方法中,在基本上由铜制成的物体上、比如冷却元件的壳体元件上形成的孔中,插入一个主要由铜制成的塞子。根据本发明的目的,所述被堵塞的孔例如存在于金属工业中用来冷却熔炉构件的冷却元件中,比如在钢铁工业中使用的闪速熔炼炉或鼓风炉,或者在用于导流熔融金属的斜槽的冷却通道方面。通常,冷却元件由铜制成,且例如设有循环冷却剂的纵向和/或横向通道。形成冷却元件通道系统的一部分孔被堵塞,所以在该元件中,仅留有所需数目的入孔和出孔,冷却剂通过这些入孔流入所述元件,且通过出孔流出所述元件。根据已知的堵塞方法,该冷却元件设有塞子,该塞子通过压接头置入需堵塞的孔内,所述压接头通常通过延伸约6mm深度的焊接接头而从外部焊接到冷却元件壳体上。在焊接之前,工件预热到较高温度。在预热步骤,堵塞接头的氧化危险性较大,且此时现有技术的堵塞接头较容易被腐蚀损坏。例如在闪速熔炼炉炉内的、含有SO2气体的气氛导致发生硫酸化反应的腐蚀。为了避免损坏堵塞接头以及导致冷却剂泄漏的危险,必须经常更换冷却元件。
本发明的目的是实现一种新的堵塞孔的方法,尤其是整个冷却元件,借此避免现有技术的缺陷。因此,本发明的另一目的是提供一种新的冷却元件,该冷却元件比现有技术的元件具有更长的使用寿命。
本发明的特征在所附的权利要求中描述。
在根据本发明的方法中,在塞子侧面和孔的内表面之间,放有钎焊剂,其熔点低于需连接在一起的工件的熔点,且至少将塞子和工件的壳体元件,比如冷却元件的壳体元件,的接合区域加热到至少达到钎焊剂的熔点温度,或者到达其附近,此后冷却接合区域。通过根据本发明的方法,可以得到沿塞子的纵向方向延伸所需深度的接头。根据本发明的优选实施例,所述钎焊剂为箔片形式。在此情况下,箔片为易于操纵的形式,且可以将其精确地放置在接合处的所需点处,从而毫无困难地形成接头。
根据本发明方法的一实施例,钎焊剂是从包含组合物Ag+Cu,Al+Cu,Sn+Cu和Sb+Cu的组中选取的。在本发明的方法中,接头通过运用扩散技术而形成,其中铜或铜合金以及钎焊剂的成分在接触面上部分熔解。这样,可以获得非常高质量的接头。在铜合金的情况下,这种情况至少可以由在合金系统Cu-Ag,Cu-Al,Cu-Sn和Cu-Sb中出现的成分实现,它们在较低的温度下熔化,且对于合金成分来说,它们是富集的或者甚至是纯的。这样,在某些实施例中,例如可以使用一种Al-轴承箔片。而且,所述二元合金的相平衡可以在本方法中通过移动至三元合金平衡(或更多成分的平衡)而进行调节。根据本发明的优选实施例,钎焊剂具有给定合金成分和铜的共晶成分。通过以足够薄的最佳层施加扩散接头所需的钎焊剂,利用扩散机制,即使在较低的加工温度下,也可以获得最终的固相组织,该固相组织在较高的温度下熔化,甚至比原来的钎焊剂高出几百度。这样,从某种意义上说,该接头是自修复的,因为它承受比纯钎焊剂能承受的温度更高的温度。这种连接例如可以通过箔片(钎焊带),或钎焊丝来完成,否则就在需连接在一起的表面上,可以使用预先放在所述表面上的薄合金材料层。在钎焊剂和需连接在一起的工件之间的扩散机制所需的加热可以通过加热装置例如液化气炉的加热来完成。也可以使用其他适当的加热装置加热接合区域,例如感应加热。除了扩散接头之外,如果在接合处还使用塞子的表面焊接,那么表面焊接的焊接温度在形成扩散接头时同样可以使用。
在钎焊箔片的表面和/或至少需连接在一起的表面之一上,在形成接头之前形成一层锡(Sn)。锡的使用降低了形成接头所需的温度。而且,避免了需连接表面的氧化,且在形成接头时不需要保护气装置。为了启动相变反应,且获得最佳的接缝组织,在Ag+Cu箔片和需连接工件之间形成约数微米的锡层就足够了。本发明的技术不苛求Ag+Cu成分,因此也可以使用基本上纯银箔片。由于熔化的和固相的材料扩散,以及相继的相变反应,在为焊接而预备的预热温度下很快就形成接头。通过使用本发明的方法,已经可以形成能较好地抵抗含有熔炉空间内气体的气氛的钎焊剂。例如钎焊剂Ag+Cu能较好地承受闪速熔炼炉的SO2气氛。对于工作环境中发生的腐蚀,形成人造金(mosaic gold)的锡层是无害的,因为它不会以类似于锌和铜的方式硫酸化。至于溶解在接缝的相中的银,它提高了所述人造金的抗腐蚀性能。
本发明还涉及一种用于熔炉的冷却元件,所述元件包含主要由铜制成的壳体元件,和在所述壳体元件内部形成的用于冷却剂循环流动的通道;当在所述壳体元件内形成所述通道时,在壳体元件的表面开有孔,且至少一部分所述孔被堵塞。本发明的特征在于在塞子和壳体元件之间的接头是一种扩散接头。根据本发明的冷却元件具有非常好的抵抗熔炉内气氛的能力。接头表面主要由塞子侧面和孔的内表面形成。因此,接头沿塞子的纵向方向足够长。所述接头是通过使用放置在所述接头表面之间的钎焊箔片而形成的。所述塞子包含螺纹部分和锥形接头部分。通过螺纹部分,将接头表面压在一起,从而形成高质量的接头。塞子的接头部分被加工成自对中的,从而使接头表面彼此均匀地邻靠。
现在将参照附图详细描述本发明。
图1是冷却元件的简图,
图2示出了图1的沿剖面A-A的冷却元件,
图3示出了本发明方法的一个步骤,其中塞子钎焊在冷却元件上的孔中。
本发明涉及一种用于堵塞孔的方法,尤其是在冷却元件上的孔,在该方法中,在主要由铜制成的工件中设有孔9,所述工件例如是用作冷却元件1的壳体元件2,在孔9中放入一主要由铜制成的塞子8。图1示出了适用本发明的堵塞方法的冷却元件1。通常,冷却元件1由铜制成。在冷却元件1的壳体元件2中,例如通过钻削或铸造形成通道系统3、4、5,其中当冷却元件1安装在炉壁适当位置后冷却剂比如水在通道系统内循环流动。在附图示出的示例中,所述通道系统通过穿过壳体元件2形成孔3、4、5而制成。孔3、4、5位于壳体元件2内,它们互相连通,且因此形成冷却剂循环流动的通道系统。在冷却元件2表面上的一部分孔9设有塞子8,从而在所述元件内仅保留所需的入口和出口导管6、7,以便使该元件与冷却剂循环连接。冷却元件1配置于熔炉构件上,例如壁,在这种情况下它通常冷却熔炉的防火衬里。通常,在入口和出口导管6、7侧的冷却元件壁相对于熔炉(未示出)的内部是朝向外部的。用作冷却元件的材料通常是铜,这是由于其良好的导热性能。在附图中示出的冷却元件给出了冷却元件结构的一个简例。通常,冷却元件可以含有数个沿所述元件纵向和/或横向的相邻通道。为了冷却熔炉构件,人们使用多个与冷却剂循环连通的冷却元件。
在根据本发明的用于堵塞冷却元件孔的方法中,在主要由铜制成的冷却元件1的壳体元件2上设置的孔9中,安放一个主要由铜制成的塞子8,在塞子8的侧面11和孔的内表面13之间,放置硬钎焊/软钎焊剂,其熔点低于需连接在一起的工件的熔点,且至少将塞子和冷却元件的接合区域加热到至少达到一部分钎焊剂的熔点温度,或者到达其附近,此后冷却接合区域。通过本发明的方法,形成扩散接头。所述温度可以升高到在接合区出现瞬间融化相的温度。
根据优选实施例,所述钎焊剂10为箔片形式。箔片易于操纵,且当被切成适当宽度和长度时,可以将其预先精确地放置在接合处的所需点处,在这种情况下,沿接合表面的整个区域可以形成非常好的接头。根据典型的实施例,在将塞子插入孔中之前,所述钎焊剂被放入壳体元件2上的孔9中和/或塞子8的接合表面11处。
钎焊剂10是从包含组合物Ag+Cu,Al+Cu,Sn+Cu和Sb+Cu的组中选取的。至于所述的融化行为,钎焊剂成分有益地与铜形成共晶成分。例如采用钎焊剂Ag+Cu,所述共晶成分包含重量百分比为71%的Ag和29%的Cu。所述冷却元件也可以是纯银或铝。
在钎焊剂箔片10的表面上和/或至少需连接的表面11、13之一上,可以放上一层锡Sn,借此可以降低所需的钎焊温度。例如,通过在厚度为50μm的Ag+Cu钎焊剂箔片表面上施加例如5-10μm的Sn层,可以获得非常高质量的接头。所述锡层例如可以通过将箔片形的钎焊剂浸入熔融的锡中制成,当需要时,此后通过轧制使箔片平滑。在厚度上,钎焊剂箔片通常为10-500μm,有益的是20-100μm。当使用锡层时,箔片中间部分的厚度是10-100μm,而表面部分为1-20μm。
当在钎焊过程中使用Sn层时,也可以使用Cu含量低于共晶成分的钎焊剂。例如Ag+Cu钎焊剂中的Cu含量也可以以重量计算在0-29%范围内。从本发明方法的观点看,当使用锡层时,成分并不关键。
除钎焊外,需要时塞子8也可以焊接到壳体元件2上。在此情况下,在焊接接头下面,在钎焊接头中,锡和银持续扩散到铜中,对于接缝中产生的相,其方向朝向在更高温度下熔融的相。现在产生扩散接头所需的温度已经在为焊接过程而进行的预热时达到了。
因此,根据本发明的方法在冷却元件的塞子8和壳体元件2之间形成的接头是一种扩散接头,且通过热处理形成。主接合表面是塞子8的侧面11和孔的内表面13。该塞子包含螺纹部分12和锥形接合部分11。锥形接合部分11的形状是截锥,朝螺纹部分12缩小。在螺纹部分上的间隙使接合部分11与孔的内表面13对中。
图3详细示出了根据本发明的堵塞方法的一个步骤。通常塞子的材料主要是铜。在附图的实施例中,塞子8包含锥形部分11和螺纹部分12。在孔9中,形成塞子8的匹配部分,即锥形部分13和螺纹部分14。在图3所示的状态,在孔9的内壁附近,或者接触锥形表面13,放有最好是箔片形式的钎焊剂层10。此后,将塞子8插入孔9中,使塞子的锥形表面11和孔的锥形表面13彼此正对,同时钎焊剂层10保持在它们中间。根据附图中示出的实施例,塞子8旋入而卡紧孔的螺纹。根据优选实施例,塞子8可以设有驱动装置15,该装置可用于将塞子固定在孔内,通过使用所述的驱动装置获得所需的密封度。此后塞子8和壳体元件2的接合处加热,在接合区域形成扩散。
在下面的示例中详细描述本发明的一些优选实施例。
示例I
在该示例中,所用的钎焊剂是共晶成分的Ag+Cu钎焊剂,以重量百分比计,含有71%的Ag和29%的Cu。该钎焊剂为箔片形式,厚度为50μm。该箔片被切成预定的尺寸,然后在堵塞之前放入孔中,靠着孔的内表面。塞子放在适当位置,使其可以压挤钎焊剂箔片。接合区域被加热超过钎焊剂的熔点(779℃),高达800℃,所用的保护气是氩气。保持时间约5分钟。该示例的接头以优良的方式形成。形成一个紧密且完整的接头。在出现液相之后,铜溶解在钎焊剂内,反之亦然,银扩散入铜中。这样,接合界面完全再结晶。
示例II
在该示例中,铜工件利用含有71%的Ag和29%的Cu的Ag-Cu钎焊剂连接到另一铜工件上。该钎焊剂为厚度50μm的箔片形式,此外,在该箔片表面上还形成一层厚度约5-10μm的锡层。将温度升高到约600℃。保持时间约5分钟。该示例的接头以优良的方式形成。形成一个紧密且完整的接头,在反应时间之后,开始以基本上纯元素的方式添加的锡与铜一起形成黄铜型焊缝。
通过使用本发明的方法,可以将铜和/或铜含量通常至少50%的铜化合物连接。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,显然本发明不限于上述实施例,而可以在所附权利要求范围内进行调整。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于堵塞孔的方法,尤其是在冷却元件中的孔,在该方法中,在基本上主要由铜制成的工件例如冷却元件(1)的壳体元件(2)上形成的孔(9)中,安放一个主要由铜制成的塞子(8),其特征在于在所述塞子(8)的侧面(11)和孔的内表面(13)之间,安放熔点低于需连接在一起的工件熔点的钎焊剂(10),然后将塞子(8)和工件比如冷却元件的壳体元件(2)之间的接合区域加热到至少高达钎焊剂的熔点,或者到达钎焊剂的熔点附近,此后冷却接合区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在将塞子插入孔内之前,钎焊剂(10)放入位于壳体元件(2)上的孔(9)内和/或塞子(8)的接合表面(11)处。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂(10)是箔片形式。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂(10)是从包含组合物Ag+Cu,Al+Cu,Sn+Cu和Sb+Cu的组中选取的。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂(10)具有给定合金成分与铜的共晶成分。
6.如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂(10)基本上是Ag。
7.如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂(10)基本上是Al。
8.如权利要求1-6任一所述的方法,其特征在于在钎焊剂箔片(10)的表面和/或至少需连接的表面(11、13)之一上形成一层锡(Sn)。
9.如权利要求1-8任一所述的方法,其特征在于钎焊剂箔片的厚度是10-500μm,有益的是20-100μm。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于箔片中间部分的厚度是10-100μm,而表面部分为1-20μm。
11.如权利要求1-10任一所述的方法,其特征在于除钎焊外,塞子(8)还焊接到壳体元件(2)上。
12.一种用于熔炉的冷却元件,所述元件包含主要由铜制成的壳体元件(2),和在所述壳体元件内部形成的用于冷却剂循环流动的通道(3、4、5);当形成所述通道(3、4、5)时,在所述壳体元件(2)内形成有开口到该元件表面的孔,且至少一部分所述孔被堵塞,其特征在于在塞子(8)和壳体元件(2)之间的接头是一种扩散接头。
13.如权利要求12所述的冷却元件,其特征在于所述接合表面主要由塞子侧面(11)和孔的内表面(13)形成。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的冷却元件,其特征在于该塞子包含螺纹部分(12)和锥形接合部分(11)。
15.如权利要求12-14任一所述的冷却元件,其特征在于所述接合是通过使用安放在接合表面(11、13)之间的钎焊剂箔片(10)形成的。
16.如权利要求12-15所述的冷却元件,其特征在于塞子(8)的接合部分(11)是自对中的。
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- 2000-06-20 AU AU52255/00A patent/AU775369B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-06-20 ES ES00936936T patent/ES2218169T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-22 AR ARP000103134A patent/AR024448A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-26 PE PE2000000635A patent/PE20010138A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 ZA ZA200110446A patent/ZA200110446B/en unknown
- 2001-12-27 BG BG106268A patent/BG64352B1/bg unknown
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102489954A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种冷却元件的制造方法以及一种冷却元件 |
CN102489954B (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-12-04 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种冷却元件的制造方法以及一种冷却元件 |
CN102886578A (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-01-23 | 武汉金运激光股份有限公司 | 一种全反镜端盖与直管的焊接方法 |
CN105108265A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 北京动力机械研究所 | 真空钎焊的窄间隙防堵塞方法 |
CN105547041A (zh) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 鲁化好阳光生态肥业有限公司 | 一种管式换热器换热管的堵漏器 |
CN108506281A (zh) * | 2017-02-25 | 2018-09-07 | 天津移山工程机械有限公司 | 一种液压部件配堵工艺 |
CN115488461A (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12-20 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 用于传热管堵管的钎焊堵头及封堵方法 |
CN115488461B (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 用于传热管堵管的钎焊堵头及封堵方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100659964B1 (ko) | 2006-12-22 |
PE20010138A1 (es) | 2001-03-13 |
BG106268A (en) | 2002-08-30 |
PT1218137E (pt) | 2004-09-30 |
CA2377689A1 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
RO121096B1 (ro) | 2006-12-29 |
FI114855B (fi) | 2005-01-14 |
EA003035B1 (ru) | 2002-12-26 |
BG64352B1 (bg) | 2004-11-30 |
DE60010730D1 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
WO2001003873A1 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
US6725517B1 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
BR0011959A (pt) | 2002-03-05 |
JP2003504209A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
EA200200141A1 (ru) | 2002-06-27 |
ATE266494T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
DE60010730T2 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
AU775369B2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
FI991574A (fi) | 2001-01-10 |
AU5225500A (en) | 2001-01-30 |
CA2377689C (en) | 2009-04-28 |
KR20020026525A (ko) | 2002-04-10 |
MXPA02000229A (es) | 2003-09-10 |
AR024448A1 (es) | 2002-10-02 |
PL352932A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
PL193792B1 (pl) | 2007-03-30 |
EP1218137B1 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
ZA200110446B (en) | 2002-08-23 |
EP1218137A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
CN1165400C (zh) | 2004-09-08 |
ES2218169T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
TR200200024T2 (tr) | 2002-05-21 |
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