CN1357665A - 单独保护的合股线,其在建筑中的使用以及其制造方法 - Google Patents

单独保护的合股线,其在建筑中的使用以及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1357665A
CN1357665A CN01142722A CN01142722A CN1357665A CN 1357665 A CN1357665 A CN 1357665A CN 01142722 A CN01142722 A CN 01142722A CN 01142722 A CN01142722 A CN 01142722A CN 1357665 A CN1357665 A CN 1357665A
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热罗姆·斯图伯勒
曼努埃尔·佩尔捷
让－克劳德·佩舍隆
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
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    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
    • D07B7/14—Machine details; Auxiliary devices for coating or wrapping ropes, cables, or component strands thereof
    • D07B7/145—Coating or filling-up interstices
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    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/18—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes
    • D07B7/185—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes for temporarily untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for applying a coating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
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    • D07B1/0693—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
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    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
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    • D07B2201/2046—Strands comprising fillers
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    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
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    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
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    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
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    • D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
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    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]

Abstract

本发明涉及一种合股线,包括一组绞合金属丝(2),一个塑料护套(4)以及一种柔软的填料(3),所述填料填充了绞合丝组中金属丝之间的内部间隙和丝组外围与护套内表面之间的外围间隙,在合股线横截面中该外围间隙的面积介于P×e最小和0.6×S2之间,其中,P表示金属丝组的外部周长,e最小=0.05mm,S2为位于丝组外围和内接丝组的最小圆之间的间隙的累计面积。

Description

单独保护的合股线，其在建筑中的使用以及其制造方法
所属领域
本发明涉及用于土木工程结构，特别是用于预应力结构部分或悬挂结构部分中的单独保护的合股线。
背景技术
这些合股线包含一个扭绞在一起的金属丝组件，这些金属丝的数目通常为七根。金属丝时常需接受能够提供一定抗腐蚀性的电化学处理(如镀锌，galfanizing等)。
由于通常在实际中使用了未覆层的合股线，因此应注意确保不能使它们处于腐蚀性环境中。直接将这些合股线放入混凝土中或放入充满了水泥浆或石蜡或滑脂的共用护套中。水泥的钝性和石油基制品防腐蚀性增强了防腐保护能力。
众所周知，合股线由一个塑料外套单独保护，所述塑料外套通常由高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或一种环氧树脂制成，其绕金属丝形成了一个密封隔层。在金属丝与独立保护套之间存在的间隙中填有填料，这种填料一般有几种类型(如石蜡，滑脂，聚合物等)，为了增强合股线的防腐性。
填料允许绞合的金属丝相对于它们各自的护套滑动(滑脂护套的合股线或石蜡护套的合股线)，或相反，形成粘合以便传递护套及合股线(胶接合股线)之间的剪切力。
在胶合的合股线内，填料通常是一种粘接在金属丝上以及护套内侧的聚合物。当必须将剪切力从护套传递至金属丝时，特别应使用胶合的合股线，这种情况例如发生在用于支承悬索桥的缆索中，每一挂钩所传递的载荷在紧固挂钩的夹紧装置处产生一个作用在缆索上的切向力的情况(见EP-A-0 855471)。
在滑脂护套或石蜡护套的合股线中，填料为一种润滑剂。其具有以下几个优点：
(a)通过润滑其金属丝之间的摩擦，能够提高合股线的疲劳特性。
(b)避免了合股线承受的张力由于合股线形状而在合股线的特定部
   分产生剪切和/或拉伸应力的集中，剪切和/或拉伸应力的集中会
   造成护套破裂，因此不再密封而使金属暴露于腐蚀剂中。
(c)在特定的结构中，允许逐一更换合股线，而护套仍在构件中保
   持应有的位置。
在实际使用中，一根包含一根或多根滑脂或石蜡护套合股线的缆索会受到张力变化和温度变化的影响。由于塑料和金属通常不具有相同的弹性和热膨胀系数，因此这些变化会导致护套和合股线伸不同的延伸。
特别是，护套通常具有比金属丝大得多的热膨胀系数，如果我们考虑到广泛用于这种合股线的钢和HDPE的情况，两个热膨胀系数之比为大约20，这可能会导致保护套的损坏，当受热时，护套会大大伸长；相反，在受冷的时候护套收缩过多，会造成丧失缆索端部的密封。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的在于克服这些缺陷，同时又至少保持滑脂和石蜡护套合股线的一些优点。
本发明的一种合股线包括：一组绞合金属丝，一个包容了所述金属丝组的塑料护套，以及一种柔软的填料，所述填料填充了绞合金属丝组中金属丝之间的内部间隙和绞合金属丝组中金属丝外围与护套内表面之间的外围间隙。根据本发明，在合股线横截面中所述外围间隙的面积介于P×e最小和0.6×S2之间，其中，P表示金属丝组的外部周长，e最小＝0.05mm，S2为位于金属丝组外围和内接金属丝组的最小圆(C)之间的间隙的累计面积。
因此，能够获得这样的“半粘着”合股线，其中，柔软填料的调节量能够使其保留滑脂护套合股线的(a)和(b)优点，同时仍确保单独护套随动于金属丝的宏观变形。
护套内表面中存在的螺旋肋可进入相邻外围金属丝之间形成的槽。这些肋与这些槽协同作用可协调宏观变形。调节填料量以便所述螺旋肋不会过大进入槽中，因为所述进入通过形状粘附可使护套锁定在金属丝上，从而在护套中产生应力，特别是易造成撕裂护套的剪切力。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，合股线护套的厚度至少为φ/5，其中φ表示位于绞合丝组外围的金属丝直径。
本发明的另一个方面涉及上述合股线在建筑结构中作为用于承受张力的构件的用途。特别是，合股线可形成用于建筑物的悬挂系统的拉索或用于建筑物的预应力缆索的一部分。
本发明的第三个方面涉及一种生产合股线的方法，其包括如下步骤：
-用一种柔软的填料涂覆一组绞合的金属丝，以便所述填料能够填充丝组中绞合金属丝之间的内部间隙且所述填料在金属丝组的周围凸起；
-刮拭被涂覆金属丝组的外围，以便丝组的每单位长度保留适量的填料，所述每单位长度的填料的量介于S1+(P×e最小)和S1+(0.6×S2)之间，其中S1表示合股线横截面上所述内部间隙的累计面积，P为绞合丝组的外部周长，e最小＝0.05mm，而S2为位于丝组外围和内接丝组的最小圆之间的间隙的累计面积；
-绕涂覆有所述量的填料的金属丝组挤压成型一塑料护套。
有利地，刮拭步骤通过转动地安装的刮拭板进行，涂覆的金属丝组被输送通过该刮拭板。
附图的简要说明
参照附图，在以下对本发明的一种实施方案的描述中将清楚地了解本发明的其它特点和优点，该实施方案是通过非限定性实施例给出的，其中：
-图1表示本发明一种合股线的横截面视图；
-图2表示该合股线中金属丝组的横截面视图；
-图3表示适用于进行本发明方法的设备的示意图；
-图4表示图3所示设备中刮拭装置的示意图
实施例说明
图1所示的合股线1由多根扭绞在一起的金属丝2构成，此处，金属丝为7根组，一根在中间，六根在周围。
绞合金属丝2组被包裹在外层护套4内，所述外层护套由如聚烯烃，特别是高密度聚乙烯或聚酰胺这样的柔性塑料制成。
柔软的填料3，如非晶态聚合物，石油润滑脂或石蜡填充了护套内由金属丝2限定的间隙。较理想的是，这种填料3具有润滑特性。上述的间隙包括：
-内部间隙5，其横截面的形式为曲线三角形，所述曲线三角形的侧面由三根相邻金属丝的周边部分构成；
-外围间隙6，其位于合股线的外围金属丝和其护套4内表面之间。
参照附图2，我们将对应于内部间隙5的上述曲线三角形的累计面积标记为S1，在本例中的内部间隙5的数量为6。另外我们将合股线的横截面中，金属丝2组周边与内接该金属丝组的最小圆C之间的间隙7的累计面积标记为S2。在本实施例中也有六个间隙7，圆C与合股线中六根周边金属丝相切。最后，P表示金属丝组的外部周长，φ表示外围金属丝的直径。通常的值为φ＝5mm，中心金属丝的直径稍大一些，如5.7mm。
外围间隙6在合股线横截面中的面积介于P×e最小和0.6×S2之间，e最小表示填料3的最小厚度，其等于0.05mm。外部护套4的最小厚度最好为φ/5或更大。
该合股线的生产过程从由传统拉丝工艺获得的一组金属丝2开始。这些金属丝2以已知的方式经如镀锌或galfanizing这样的电化学处理，以增强抗腐蚀性。
参照图3，在一段合股线通过模具10进行挤压成型塑料护套4之前，这部分合股线未被扭绞，以展开其金属丝2。这可通过在两个夹紧装置11中夹紧该部分的端部实现，所述夹紧装置会受到与合股线节矩相反指向的相对扭转力矩的作用。柔软的填料通过注射或喷射被引入未绞合部分。在放松了夹紧装置11之后，金属丝合拢，而将填料3填入内部间隙5并使该填料在金属丝组的周围凸起。接着，使这样处理过的部分输送通过刮拭板12，用该刮拭板12使绞合金属丝组上留下适量的填料3。刮拭板12的下游为用于注射护套4的塑料的系统16，然后牵引合股线通过挤压模具10，以确定合股线的外形和厚度e。
由刮拭板12留下的填料3的量以合股线的每单位长度计算，在S最小＝S1+(P×e最小)和S最大＝S1+(0.6×S2)之间，以满足前面所说的外围间隙6的尺寸条件。
图4说明了刮拭板12。刮拭板12被安装在一个滚珠轴承13的内圈上，以便可自由转动。覆有填料3的合股线通过刮拭板12中的孔14，所述孔的面积在S+S最小和S+S最大之间，其中，S为7根金属丝2的横截面积的累计面积。孔14的形状与同外围间隙6相关联的金属丝组的形状相匹配。因此，其孔14的周边具有六个齿15，这些齿嵌入合股线的外围金属丝之间存在的槽内。当牵引合股线通过刮拭板12时，刮拭板12的自由转动允许这些齿15能够遵循槽的螺旋路径，同时保留着所理想量的填料3。
这样制成的合股线适用于形成一个能够承受建筑结构中张力的构件，它足以满足引言中所提到的要求。本申请中的合股线最好被用于拉索(参见，如EP-A-0 323 285)或预应力缆索。

Claims (8)

1、合股线，其包括：一组绞合金属丝(2)，一个包容了所述金属丝组的塑料护套(4)，以及一种柔软的填料(3)，所述填料填充了丝组中绞合金属丝之间的内部间隙(5)和丝组外围与护套内表面之间的外围间隙(6)，其特征在于：在合股线横截面中所述外围间隙的面积介于P×e最小和0.6×S2之间，其中，P表示金属丝组的外部周长，e最小＝0.05mm，S2为位于丝组外围和内接丝组的最小圆(C)之间的间隙(7)的累计面积。
2、根据权利要求所述1所述的合股线，其特征在于：护套(4)的厚度(e)至少为φ/5，其中φ表示位于丝组外围的金属丝直径。
3、权利要求1或2的合股线的用途在于用作建筑结构中承受张力的构件。
4、根据权利要求3的用途，其特征在于：合股线(1)形成了用于所述建筑物的悬挂系统的拉索的一部分。
5、根据权利要求3的用途，其特征在于：合股线(1)形成了用于所述建筑物的预应力缆索的一部分。
6、用于生产合股线(1)的方法，包括如下步骤：
-用一种柔软的填料(3)涂覆一组绞合的金属丝(2)，以便所述填料能够填充丝组中绞合金属丝之间的内部间隙(5)且所述填料在丝组的周围凸起；
-刮拭被涂覆金属丝组的外围，以便丝组的每单位长度保留适量的填料，所述每单位长度的填料的量介于S1+(P×e最小)和S1+(0.6×S2)之间，其中S1表示合股线横截面上所述内部间隙的累计面积，P为绞合丝组的外部周长，e最小＝0.05mm，而S2为位于丝组外围和内接丝组的最小圆(C)之间的间隙(7)的累计面积；
-围绕涂覆有所述量的填料的金属丝组挤压成型一塑料护套(4)。
7、根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述刮拭步骤通过转动地安装的刮拭板(12)进行，涂覆的金属丝组被输送通过该刮拭板(12)。
8、根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于：护套(4)被做成至少为φ/5的厚度(e)，其中φ表示位于丝组外围的金属丝的直径。
CNB011427221A 2000-12-04 2001-12-04 单独保护的合股线,其在建筑中的使用以及其制造方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1192141C (zh)

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