CN1350598A - 电阻加热元件 - Google Patents
电阻加热元件 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXTFQUMXDQLMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;molybdenum Chemical compound [AlH3].[Mo] ZXTFQUMXDQLMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon;$l^{2}-alumanylidenesilylidenealuminum Chemical compound [Si]#[Al].[Si]#[Al].[Al]=[Si]=[Al] LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 molybdenum-silicon-aluminium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009702 powder compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电阻元件,其主要包含化学式为Mo(Si1－xAlx)2的硅化物相,这种物相在元件的表面上形成氧化铝。这种元件将用于有关金属粉末烧结的领域。由于它具有在表面上形成氧化铝层的令人惊异的优越能力,这种材料在超过1500℃高温下,在还原性和氧化性两种气氛中均表现出很强的抗腐蚀性。
Description
本发明涉及一种新的硅化钼型电阻加热元件，以及将这种元件用于有关金属粉末烧结的领域。
自从二十世纪五十年代以来，上述种类的电阻加热元件就已存在，例如商标为Kanthal Super的电阻加热元件。这些元件通常主要含有如MoSi2相或是MoxW1-xSi2相以及硅酸铝的氧化物相类型的金属。类似的材料能在氧化性气氛中在元件温度高达1900℃时使用。
使其能在高温下工作的因素，除所述的材料具有超过2000℃的高熔点之外，是二氧化硅的氧化层，氧化层形成后即迅速地使基材钝化阻止了氧化加快，由此使加热元件能够具有较长的使用寿命。这种表面层能在多种熔炉内和热处理气氛下给与一种持久的保护，如在空气、氧气、氮气/氢气、裂化氨等等条件下。在这些气氛中经常限制使用的情况是，在高温下的元件同时处于极低含量的氧，或者极低的露点这种气氛下。如果元件的露点和温度之比例超过临界条件，氧化硅层会变得不稳定，并在经过一定时间之后会失去对基材的任何保护。例如在氢气中，当露点低于约-30℃，元件温度达1300℃时，这种情况就会发生。为使氧化硅层在元件温度达1450℃时维持稳定，露点须超过+20℃，即氢气含量须超过2.3vol％。氧化硅的稳定性造成元件在某些方面使用的限制。
在一个应用实施例中，这些限制在烧结金属粉末生产不锈钢时充分表现出来。AISI316L级不锈钢的零件最主要是通过粉末压制，或者通过金属粉末注模(injection moulding)制成。在粘合剂于低温下蒸发以后，最后的烧结经常需要在温度为1300-1360℃的还原气氛中进行。这种还原性气体可以是纯氢，其露点为-40℃至-60℃，分别相当于水含量为0.01至0.001vol％。为了在烧结过程中还原金属氧化物，必须采用这种低露点，并由此导致生成一种具有高密度和良好机械性能的材料。在这样一个应用实例中，取决于元件形状和炉子设计，元件温度应该达到1400℃和1550℃之间。而在那些条件下，在以MoSi2为基料的加热元件上的氧化硅层肯定是不稳定的。
今天，在温度超过1250-1300℃范围下烧结金属粉末的许多熔炉中，其所使用的加热元件主要是由钼制造的，但也有由钨制造的。这种材料的局限性是，除其在熔炉中的总成本比较高之外，还需要在所有超过400℃的情况下，在缺乏氧的气氛中保持元件避免发生有害的纯钼金属的氧化作用。例如在熔炉泄漏或者其他的故障中那些元件可能因此而损坏。
在这些条件下用于电阻加热元件的其它材料可以是如FeCrAl、NiCr和MoSi2(例如上述的Kanthal Super)等合金和金属间化合物。MoSi2材料的局限性如上所述。FeCrAl和NiCr在空气中使用时分别在表面上形成氧化物Al2O3和Cr2O3。在还原气氛如干的氢气中，FeCrAl的使用温度范围限制在约1400℃，NiCr(例如商标Nicrothal 80)的使用温度范围限制在约1250℃。
对于NiCr合金，Cr2O3在高于这种温度之上时是不稳定的。对于FeCrAl，Al2O3层的确维持了稳定，可是由于接近约1500℃的熔炼温度，这种材料在此温度下的使用寿命受到限制。这样，如果需要用FeCrAl来烧结316L，对元件耐高温的要求将导致其使用寿命很有限。
需要使用一种能在表面上形成氧化铝同时熔解温度明显高于1500℃的材料，并且如有必要，它可以交替地用于还原性气氛和氧化性气氛中。此外，因为这种钼加热元件不一定总是用于缺乏氧气的气氛中，而那时它的缺点就可消除。
现已令人吃惊地发现，通过将MoSi2与充足数量的铝以及氧化铝相掺和，可得到一种铝硅化钼相(molybdenum alumina silicide)Mo(Si1-xAlx)2，它在高温下的干的氢气中是稳定的。例如在1450℃的氢气中对复合材料MoSi1.6Al0.4/Al2O3进行腐蚀性试验，在200小时以后它并未显示出任何腐蚀，但是重量上有0.2％的轻微增加，这归因于铝硅化物中的铝氧化成三氧化二铝。用Kanthal Super 1800(由MoSi2和约20vol％硅酸铝组成)进行的比较试验表明，在相同条件下它被还原的重量约为30％。在这种情况下除二氧化硅层之外，MoSi2相、Mo5Si3和Mo3Si以及含有粘合剂的硅酸铝也都被还原。
可以设想，甚至使用其他的组合物也可得到相似的结果。例如，已经表明：在1200℃的空气中，MoSi1.75Al0.25/Al2O3氧化形成了Al2O3。在x为0.1-0.6时，这种六方晶系即所谓的Mo(Si，AI)2的C-40相，是稳定的。有理由设想甚至可以用那些组合物完成本发明。x的值应在0.10-0.60，优选0.20-0.55。毫无疑问地，在烧结金属粉末仍保持合乎需要的性质的条件下，可以由钨代替钼，形成Mo1-yWySi1-xAlx。此方法的y值应该在0-0.4范围内，优选0.05-0.20。在用W取代Mo后，晶体结构C11可维持不变，并且用MO1-yWySi2组合物增加了这种加热元件的使用温度。这被应用于例如商标名为Kantahl Super1900的加热元件中，它与Kanthal Super1800类似，在表面上形成了SiO2。甚至熔入铝并用钨取代钼的合金Mo1-yWySi1-xAlx中也形成了类似于C-40相。在钼-硅-铝体系中，较高x值下形成的其余相是如钼的铝化物(aluminideofmolybdenum)，其在图1所示相图中出现在1823°K。
与本发明相关的实验工作表明：合适的硅化物相重量应为该电阻元件总重量的65-95wt％，优选75-85wt％。
如上所述，该电阻元件除硅化物相之外也包含氧化铝。
余量为SiO2，一般在0-1wt％之间。
以上所述的发明还可以用于其他的烧结应用中，其中需要低含量的氧气或者低露点。有时这种情况出现在钨重合金、某些钛合金和金属间化合物以及低合金钢的粉末烧结中。例如重合金(heavy alloy)钨-铜就可在-36℃露点下在1400℃的氢气中烧结而成。
预计上述形成的氧化铝在高达约1595℃时是稳定的，这一温度是SiO2-3Al2O3-2SiO2(富铝红柱石)体系的低共熔温度(eutectic temperature)。预计这种氧化物有不同于纯氧化铝的抗腐蚀性能。当元件温度高达至少约1595℃时，这种材料可用作钼型加热元件的一般替代物。
Claims (16)
1.一种电阻元件，其主要包含化学式为Mo(Si1-xAlx)2的硅化物相，该物相在所述元件的表面上形成氧化铝，而且所述元件用于有关金属粉末烧结的领域。
2.如权利要求1所述的电阻元件，其特征在于，钼部分地被钨代替，形成化学式为Mo1-yWy(Si1-xAlx)2的硅化物相，该物相在所述元件的表面上形成氧化铝。
3.如权利要求1所述的电阻元件，其特征在于，x的值在0.10和0.60之间，优选在0.20和0.55之间。
4.如权利要求2的电阻元件，其特征在于，y的值在0和0.40之间，优选在0.05和0.20之间。
5.如前述权利要求中任何一项的电阻元件，其特征在于，硅化物相的量为所述电阻元件总重量的65-95wt％，优选75-85wt％。
6.如前述权利要求中任何一项的电阻元件，其特征在于，所述元件除所述硅化物相之外还包含0-40vol％的Al2O3，优选为10-20vol％。
7.如前述权利要求中任何一项的电阻元件，其特征在于，所述元件中除所述硅化物相和Al2O3之外，还包含余量的SiO2。
8.一种金属粉末，它是通过前述权利要求中任何一项的电阻元件的帮助而烧结成的，其特征在于，它是铁基型合金。
9.如权利要求8所述的金属粉末，其特征在于，所述的合金是一种不锈钢。
10.如权利要求8所述的金属粉末，其特征在于，所述的合金是AISI316L。
11.一种烧结金属粉末的方法，其中使用一种包含硅化钼的加热元件作为热源，其特征在于，所述加热元件除了含有钼和硅以外，还与相当量的铝和Al2O3掺和，并优化这种材料，使所述加热元件形成Mo(Si1-xAlx)2型的铝硅化钼物相，该物相在烧结温度下稳定，并且其中的x等于0.1-0.6。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，钼部分地由钨代替，形成一种Mo1-yWy(Si1-xAlx)2材料。
13.如权利要求10-12中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，x的值在0.20和0.55之间。
14.如权利要求10-12中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，y的值在0和0.40之间。
15.如权利要求10-14中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法应用于铁基粉末的烧结，优选不锈钢粉末的烧结。
16.如权利要求10-15中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热元件除硅化物相之外还包含数量为10-20vol％的Al2O3。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| SE99018277 | 1999-05-20 | ||
| SE9901827A SE520251C2 (sv) | 1999-05-20 | 1999-05-20 | Motståndselement av molybdensilicidtyp för sintring av metallpulver |
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| CN1350598A true CN1350598A (zh) | 2002-05-22 |
| CN1117169C CN1117169C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
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| EP (2) | EP1198600B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3949894B2 (zh) |
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| ES (2) | ES2548561T3 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE520251C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2000071768A1 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100460111C (zh) * | 2007-01-04 | 2009-02-11 | 北京科技大学 | 一种高强度的二硅化钼复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SE519027C2 (sv) * | 2000-05-18 | 2002-12-23 | Sandvik Ab | Förfarande för att öka livslängden hos värmeelement vid lägre temperatur |
| SE520149C2 (sv) * | 2000-09-29 | 2003-06-03 | Sandvik Ab | Förfarande för att öka livslängden hos värmeelement av molybdensilicidtyp vid lägre temperatur |
| SE524966C2 (sv) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-11-02 | Sandvik Ab | Rörformat elektriskt motståndselement |
| SE521796C2 (sv) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-12-09 | Sandvik Ab | Förfarande för tillverkning av ett värmeelement av molybdensilicidtyp jämte ett värmeelement |
| SE521794C2 (sv) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-12-09 | Sandvik Ab | Tillverkningsförfarande för ett värmeelement av molybdensilicidtyp, jämte ett värmeelement |
| EP1492740B1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2007-09-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Method of making a heating element of molybdenum silicide type |
| US7217907B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-05-15 | 3-One-2 Llc | Stick resistant cooking utensils |
| WO2014168977A1 (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-16 | International Technology Exchange, Inc. | High-temperature nanocomposite emitting film, method for fabricating the same and its application |
| RU2724623C2 (ru) * | 2015-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Сандвик Интеллекчуал Проперти Аб | Новая композиция на основе силицида молибдена |
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| US1691369A (en) * | 1927-07-14 | 1928-11-13 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Furnace |
| GB731616A (en) * | 1951-08-24 | 1955-06-08 | Metro Cutanit Ltd | Improvements relating to the manufacture of electric resistance heating elements |
| US2793951A (en) * | 1953-06-19 | 1957-05-28 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Powder metallurgical process for producing dense tungsten alloys |
| US3002936A (en) * | 1958-04-29 | 1961-10-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for making refractory articles |
| GB924497A (en) * | 1958-07-05 | 1963-04-24 | Kanthal Ab | Improvements in or relating to sintered electric resistance heating elements |
| SE175893C1 (zh) * | 1958-07-16 | 1961-07-04 | Kanthal Ab | |
| US2955145A (en) * | 1958-07-16 | 1960-10-04 | Kanthal Ab | Thermo-electric alloys |
| DE1243078B (de) * | 1961-11-09 | 1967-06-22 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh | Sinterkoerper, vorzugsweise zur Verwendung als Heizelement |
| JPS5923442B2 (ja) * | 1978-11-25 | 1984-06-02 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 抵抗組成物 |
| DE3063533D1 (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1983-07-07 | Emi Plc Thorn | An electrically conducting cermet, its production and use |
| US4486651A (en) * | 1982-01-27 | 1984-12-04 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Ceramic heater |
| JPS5978973A (ja) * | 1982-10-27 | 1984-05-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 導電性セラミツクス |
| JPS6060983A (ja) * | 1983-09-08 | 1985-04-08 | 株式会社デンソー | セラミックヒ−タ及びその製造方法 |
| US5048801A (en) * | 1989-07-12 | 1991-09-17 | Risi Industries | Sintering furnace |
| JPH04208512A (ja) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-30 | Nec Corp | 固体電解コンデンサの製造方法 |
| DE4113928A1 (de) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-09-17 | Asea Brown Boveri | Verfahren zur herstellung eines sinterkoerpers aus stahlpulver |
| US5225155A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-07-06 | Corning Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for firing extruded metals |
| JP2804393B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-31 | 1998-09-24 | 京セラ株式会社 | セラミックヒータ |
| DE4435904A1 (de) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und Spritzgußmasse für die Herstellung metallischer Formkörper |
| SE504235C2 (sv) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-12-09 | Kanthal Ab | Elektriskt motståndselement av molybdensilicidtyp |
| US5686676A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-11 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Process for making improved copper/tungsten composites |
| JPH10139548A (ja) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-26 | Koichi Niihara | 二珪化モリブデン系複合材料およびその製造方法 |
| JPH10297972A (ja) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-10 | Riken Corp | 高温用ＭｏＳｉ２ 基複合セラミックスヒーターの発熱部素材とその製造方法 |
| JPH10324571A (ja) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-12-08 | Riken Corp | 二珪化モリブデン系セラミックス発熱体及びその製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100460111C (zh) * | 2007-01-04 | 2009-02-11 | 北京科技大学 | 一种高强度的二硅化钼复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2579431T3 (es) | 2016-08-11 |
| JP3949894B2 (ja) | 2007-07-25 |
| EP1198600A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
| ES2548561T3 (es) | 2015-10-19 |
| SE9901827L (sv) | 2000-11-21 |
| KR20020012196A (ko) | 2002-02-15 |
| EP1198600B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| CN1117169C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
| BR0010352A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
| US6563095B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
| KR100683548B1 (ko) | 2007-02-15 |
| JP2003500812A (ja) | 2003-01-07 |
| AU774202B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| AU4962700A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
| WO2000071768A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
| EP1710217A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
| SE520251C2 (sv) | 2003-06-17 |
| EP1710217B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| SE9901827D0 (sv) | 1999-05-20 |
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