CN1331760A - 利用烷基取代的1,3-二氨基丙烷萃取ivb-viii族金属阴离子的方法 - Google Patents

利用烷基取代的1,3-二氨基丙烷萃取ivb-viii族金属阴离子的方法 Download PDF

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CN1331760A
CN1331760A CN99815016A CN99815016A CN1331760A CN 1331760 A CN1331760 A CN 1331760A CN 99815016 A CN99815016 A CN 99815016A CN 99815016 A CN99815016 A CN 99815016A CN 1331760 A CN1331760 A CN 1331760A
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W·古特克尼希特
W·马蒂
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HC Starck GmbH
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
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    • C22B34/30Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract

本发明涉及从水溶液中萃取基于周期表第Ⅴ-Ⅷ族金属阴离子的方法,其中采用通式(Ⅰ)的化合物作萃取剂,其中R1、R2、R3和R4中最多两个为氢原子,其余为相同的、或有时不同的其碳原子平均至少为5的支链烷基或氨烷基。本发明的方法尤其适宜从含钼和钨的溶液中萃取钨。另一优选方法是从含钴离子和镍离子的水溶液中萃取分离钴和镍。

Description

利用烷基取代的1,3-二氨基丙烷萃取 IVB-VIII族金属阴离子的方法
本发明涉及一种从水溶液中萃取呈阴离子、金属酸盐或阴离子金属络合物形式的周期表第V-VIII族金属的方法。在制取周期表第V-VII族的纯金属时,利用一种不溶于水相的含有萃取剂的有机相从水溶液中进行萃取是广泛采用的一种纯化工序。萃取方法一方面用于分离在溶解液中存在的、由各种原料带来的杂质,而另一方面又用于分离周期表中相邻的元素,这些元素由于其化学性质近似不能或难于用其它分离方法进行分离。尤其是W/Mo、Ta/Nb、Co/Ni以及V/Cr等金属对的分离具有很大的工业意义。此外,萃取还用作化学反应的媒介物,例如从钨酸钠转化到仲钨酸铵,其中水溶液中的钨酸钠与有机相接触,其间钨酸根离子转移到有机相,有机相和水相分离之后再用氨水溶液将钨酸根离子从有机相反萃出来。
萃取分离充分利用有机相对不同离子的与pH值和/或温度有关选择负荷能力和/或不同的负荷动力学。
通常,萃取在多级的逆流“混合澄清槽”级联或塔中进行。
除了要求萃取剂或有机相对拟分离的离子有选择性之外,还要求萃取剂或有机相在室温和接近中性pH值下具有尽可能高的负荷能力。此外,萃取剂应具有尽可能低的水溶性,由于工艺上的原因有机相应具有不太高的粘度。
已知的溶剂萃取方法不能完全满足所提的要求,这样就希望改善萃取方法,尤其是萃取剂。例如具体藉助叔胺或季铵盐进行的钴-萃取,达到了10-15g钴/l的负荷。较高的10-25g钴/l的负荷通过采用有机磷酸(DEHPA膦酸、次膦酸)达到,但是这里存在钴被磷沾染的危险。其次,对镍的选择性小。钼的萃取主要通过采用促胺作萃取剂,其有机相的负荷为38-42g/l。仲胺萃取钨的负荷达60-70g钨/l,相反叔胺和季胺的负荷却只有12-15g钨/l。
DE-A 2 530 244公开了一种通过与氨基链烷醇络合来萃取重金属的方法。但这类氨基链烷醇具有一定缺点,即对工业应用而言水溶性太高。根据EP-A 505 277,藉助丙二酰胺从锕系/锕系金属中分离铁和锆。DU PREEZ的论文,Mineral Processing and ExtractiveMetallurgy Review(矿物处理和萃取冶金评论),15(1995)PP 153-161,公开了采用四取代双胺对一价-和二价金属的氯络合物的萃取。
曾经发现,烷基取代的1,3-二氨丙烷能非常好地从水溶液中萃取基于周期表第V-VIII族金属的阴离子。而且与迄今所用的常规伯铵、仲铵、叔胺和季铵化合物相比有惊人的高负荷能力。
因此,本发明的目的是从其水溶液中萃取基于周期表第IV-VIII族金属的阴离子的方法,其特征在于,作为萃取剂采用通式如下的化合物:其中R1,R2,R3和R4中最多两个为氢原子,其它为相同的或有时是不同的平均至少5碳原子的支链烷基或氨烷基。
基于周期表第IV-VIII族金属的阴离子是金属本身的阴离子,但优选是相应的金属酸盐阴离子或阴离子型金属化合物。
R取代基的碳原子之和除以不是氢原子的取代基数至少应是5,从而保证足够的水溶性。平均的不是氢原子的R-取代基的碳原子数应优选不大于10,以便使萃取剂的粒度保持在有利于工艺进行的低范围内。按上述通式本发明优选的萃取剂的特征在于R2和R4为氢原子。优选的R1和R3取代基有时是支链壬基,尤其优选为异壬基。
萃取剂宜与一种不溶于水的有机溶剂共同使用。适宜的溶剂可为高沸点的烃混合物,它可包括脂族的、环脂族的和芳香族的有机化合物。尤其优选高沸点的标准汽油,例如TOTAL公司的SpirdaneHT。
另外,本发明的萃取剂宜与作为改性剂的异癸醇(IDA)组合使用。
本发明优选采用含0.5-95%(体积)二氨基丙烷衍生物、达99%(体积)稀释剂和0.5-20%异癸醇的有机相。特别优选的有机相含10-20%二氨基丙烷-衍生物、5-15%异癸醇和65-85%有机溶剂。
本发明的萃取方法可在15-80℃的温度范围内进行,优选的温度为20-60℃。
随拟萃取离子的不同,水相pH值可为1-10。
本发明的方法特别适用于从含钼和钨的溶液中萃取钨。而且在pH值8-9下通过沉淀或离子交换分离杂质(尤其是P、As、Si、Al、Ti、V、Nb、Ta、Sn)之后的从苛性钠溶解得到的钨的苛性钠溶液可直接用于萃取。钨和钼的萃取分离宜在水相pH值为7-8.5之下进行,特别优选pH值为7.3-8.2。试比较:用仲胺萃取钨要求pH值低于6,为达到较高的负荷,pH值为2-3;用季铵化合物萃取要求pH值为7-7.5,但是用氨只能不完全地反萃钨,因此钼/钨分离只有通过添加硫化物才能完成。本发明在pH值约为8时,有机相的负荷约达120g钨/l,和低于2mg Mo/l。本发明方法较高pH值的优点在于,可有利的采用二氧化碳作无机酸调节和保持pH值。为了制取仲钨酸铵(APW),该负荷的有机相在与水相分离之后以现有技术已知的方法用氨溶液反萃。
本发明的另一优选方案是从含钴离子和镍离子的水溶液中萃取分离钴和镍。水溶液中的钴离子和镍离子宜为氯化物。从水溶液中萃取钴在低pH值下进行,即在由盐酸浓度宜为150-250g/l的条件下进行,这时,钴以氯络合物形式存在。
实施例
水相料液和有机相(OP)装入分液漏斗中,剧烈混合,并通过静置分相。
在(模拟的)两级萃取中,OP 2-次与新鲜料液接触。萃取试验在室温(25℃)下进行。
实施例1:OP:20%N,N-Bis-(异壬基)-1,3-二氨基丙烷
10%异癸醇
70%Spirdane HT料液:90g/l的Co,其形式为氯化物
  10g/l的Ni,其形式为氯化物
200g/l的自由HCl用量比为OP∶料液=1∶12级萃取后OP的负荷:30.8g/l的Co
               0.15g/l的Ni。
实施例2:OP:如实施例1料液:91.7g/l的Mo,其形式为Na2MoO4用量比为OP∶料液=1∶1pH:7.3,用H2SO4调节2级萃取之后OP负荷:43g/l的Mo。
实施例3OP:如实施例1料液:111g/l的W,其形式为Na2WO4
  60mg/l的Mo量比为OP∶料液=1∶1pH:7.5,用H2SO4调节2级萃取后OP负荷:122g/l的W
            <2mg/l的Mo。
实施例4:OP:如实施例1料液:93.7g/l的V,其形式为Na2VO3量比为料液∶OP=2∶1pH:6.3,用H2SO4调节1级萃取后OP负荷:60g/l的V实施例5:OP:如实施例1料液:35g/l的Cr,其形式为Na2Cr2O7量比为料液∶OP=1∶1pH:1.8,用H2SO4调节1级萃取后OP负荷:33g/l的Cr。
实施例6OP:如实施例1料液(HF酸):103g/l的Ta
         62g/l的Nb
         25g/l的Ti量比为料液∶OP=1∶11级萃取后OP负荷:66.6g/l的Ta
             33.1g/l的Nb
             3.8g/l的Ti实施例7:OP:10%N,N-Bis(异壬基)-1,3-二氨基丙烷
10%IDA
80%Spirdane HT料液:60g/l的W,其形式为Na2WO4
 90mg/l的Mo量比为料液∶OP=1∶1pH用H2SO4调节(可变的)1级萃取后OP负荷:见图1。
图1表示转移到OP的金属%-份额与pH-值的关系。

Claims (7)

1.一种从水溶液中萃取基于周期表第IV-VIII族金属的阴离子的方法,其特征在于,作为萃取剂采用下列通式的化合物:其中R1、R2、R3和R4中最多两个为氢原子,其余为相同的、有时为不同的其平均碳原子至少为5的支链烷基或氨烷基。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,R2和R4为氢原子。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,R1和R3有时是支链的壬基。
4.权利要求1-3之一的方法,其特征在于,萃取剂与稀释剂组合使用。
5.权利要求1-4之一的方法,其特征在于,萃取剂与作为改性剂的异癸基组合使用。
6.权利要求1-5之一的方法,其特征在于,水溶液含钨的阴离子和钼的阴离子,而钨在pH值7.5-8.5下萃取。
7.权利要求1-5之一的方法,其特征在于,水溶液含钴和镍的离子,并钴被萃取。
CNB998150169A 1998-12-23 1999-12-14 利用烷基取代的1,3-二氨基丙烷萃取ivb-viii族金属阴离子的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1143002C (zh)

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JP5398885B1 (ja) 2012-08-20 2014-01-29 国立大学法人九州大学 ガリウム抽出方法
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