CN1328959C - Ant/rat proofing material and ant/rat proofing method using the same - Google Patents
Ant/rat proofing material and ant/rat proofing method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1328959C CN1328959C CNB2004100043323A CN200410004332A CN1328959C CN 1328959 C CN1328959 C CN 1328959C CN B2004100043323 A CNB2004100043323 A CN B2004100043323A CN 200410004332 A CN200410004332 A CN 200410004332A CN 1328959 C CN1328959 C CN 1328959C
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Abstract
The ant-proof and rat-proof material comprises 0.05-0.5 wt.% of silafluofene and microencapsulated capsaicins as an active ingredient in an amount of 0.2-0.6 wt.%. The ant-proof and rat-proof method uses the same. The formulation ratio of the silafluofene to the capsaicins as the active ingredient is preferably (0.15:1) to (2:1).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ant-proof mouse-proof method that contains the ant-proof mouse-proof material of silafluofene (silafluofen) and capsaicine class and use them.
Background technology
In recent years, the food harm of getting of termite etc. becomes building and damaged problem such as electric wire or cable, in order to prevent this food harm of getting, originally the method for always using is to scatter anti-ant material under the floor in room or on soil on every side or the wooden part, or in advance at construction material, electric wire or covering material of cable, set up on the plastic substrate etc. with anti-ant material processed.As anti-ant composition, because the organochlorine insecticides of the main in the past Niran that uses, dieldrin, 5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4 etc., the use because the problem of environmental pollution and safety is under an embargo, instead the organic phosphate agent problem of the chlopyrifos of medicament introducing, Folithion, phoxim etc. is also a lot, changes pyrethroid insecticides, silicone based insecticide, nicotinic insecticide recently into.
, the action effect as anti-ant material will reach except quick-acting lethal effects, also has the nest of eliminating termite by the food exchange, promptly so-called quadratic response.In the above-mentioned various insecticide, for example the situation of pyrethroid insecticides generally is that rapid action is strong excessively, and does not get the food toxic action, therefore can not expect quadratic response.In contrast, silafluofene as one of silicone based insecticide, disclosed in Japanese patent application 2001-330509 as the inventor, the quick-acting and the food toxic action that have both appropriateness and to the person poultry safety, and are hypotoxic to fish, also has excellent chemical stability (in light, the soil, alkali field etc.), therefore except quick-acting lethal effects, also can expect quadratic response, be very useful anti-ant composition.
On the other hand, muroid is to the harm of electric wire or cable or building etc., promptly so-calledly stings that food can cause a serious accident even big economic loss, also day by day increases for its importance of Preventing Countermeasures.Up to the present, as the repellant of muroid unique operable be cycloheximide, but because its strong toxicity poor stability, its scope of application is restricted, and is difficult to possess continue for a long time to render a service.Recent findings, capsaicine class as the piquancy component of capsicum, demonstrate with the repellent that cycloheximide is equal to mutually and render a service, in No. 3053480 communique of Japan Patent, disclose, the animal repellant of pungent stimulation when having strengthened repellent effectiveness and having reduced processing by microencapsulation to muroid.
As mentioned above, electric wire or cable or building etc. usually are exposed under the threat of stinging food of getting food harm and muroid of white ants the Corresponding Countermeasures that the past does not have research to address the above problem simultaneously.The occasion of electric wire or cable particularly, in case it is very big to present communication influence of society to be damaged, effectively the exploitation of ant-proof mouse-proof material is the task of top priority.
[patent documentation 1]
Japanese patent application 2001-330509
[patent documentation 2]
No. 3053480 communique of Japan Patent
Summary of the invention
The food of stinging of getting food harm and muroid that the purpose of this invention is to provide white ants endangers all effectively, is specially adapted to the ant-proof mouse-proof material of electric wire or cable, and the ant-proof mouse-proof method of using them.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, present inventors have carried out conscientious research, found that by the capsaicine class with silafluofene and microencapsulation to make up with specific use level, can reach purpose of the present invention, have finished the present invention thus.
That is, first invention of the present invention relates to a kind of ant-proof mouse-proof material, its contain 0.05-0.5 weight % silafluofene and, contain the capsaicine class of the microencapsulation of 0.2-0.6 weight % in active ingredient.
The silafluofene that uses in the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention is that the concentration of 0.05-0.5 weight % is mixed with the gross weight with respect to preparation, so that can bring into play the quick-acting lethal effects of appropriateness simultaneously and eliminate the quadratic response of termite nest by the food exchange.
The concentration of silafluofene can not show gratifying anti-ant effect during less than 0.05 weight %, and on the other hand, if surpass 0.5 weight %, then not only cost improves, and the quadratic response of white ants is had the tendency that weakens, thereby not preferred.
And, in the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention, be fit to as the capsaicine class that active ingredient contains the microencapsulation of 0.2-0.6 weight % with respect to the total formulation weight amount.The product that uses microencapsulation is because microencapsulation can increase to be renderd a service and lasting effect the protection against rodents of muroid, and can reduce the pungent stimulation when handling.
As the capsaicine class; can enumerate capsaicine, Dihydrocapsaicin, high capsaicine, nordihydrocapsaicin, high Dihydrocapsaicin, N-caprylyl vanilla acid amides, N-pelargonyl group vanilla acid amides (hereinafter referred to as NVA), N-capryl vanilla acid amides (hereinafter referred to as DVA) etc., there is no particular limitation to it.And, can use each compound separately, perhaps, can use its extraction mixture of mixture or capsicum arbitrarily.For example: when using NVA content to be the microcapsule formulations of 32 weight %, can cooperate 0.63-1.88 weight % for the gross weight microcapsule formulations.In addition, when making microcapsule formulations, limit especially, can adopt various materials for the capsule clad material, but with the combination of capsaicine class in, preferred amino resin coating, for example melamine resin coating.
If the active ingredient of capsaicine class less than 0.2 weight %, obviously can not be expected the repellent of muroid is renderd a service, on the other hand,, then can't ignore the pungent stimulation when handling if surpass 0.6 weight %, therefore not preferred.
And, though reason unknown, if find silafluofene and be set in 0.15: 1-2 in the match ratio of active ingredient capsaicine class: in 1 the scope, other anti-ant effect and protection against rodents effect of the branch of intermixture then, at double enhancing when using single agent separately, promptly so-called synergy.
Ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention is according to purpose, is modulated to various preparations such as coating that cladded sheet materials, various construction material or the packaging material on electric wire or covering material of cable, container or building floor etc. use or adhesive.
When being modulated to electric wire or covering material of cable or cladded sheet materials, can be by known method, after for example masterbatch method, extrusion are mixed active ingredient and plastic resin, be configured as clad material or cladded sheet materials.As the plastic resin raw material, except synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl resin, EVAc (EVA), nylon resin, can also enumerate the good synthetic rubber of softness, silicon rubber etc., wherein from good mouldability can be provided, and the angle of the good mouldability of continuation is set out preferred vinyl chloride resin.
In addition, when ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention is applicable to the form of coating that various construction materials or packaging material are used or adhesive, can be with active ingredient and paint ingredient (oil paint, alcohol paint, synthetic resin coating, water paint etc.) or adhesive ingredients (urea resin class adhesive, melamine urea copolymer resins class adhesive, phenol-melamine copolymer resins class adhesive, alkali type phenolic resins class adhesive etc.) mix, further as required, suitably cooperate solvent, plasticizer, curing agent, dispersant, tackifier, auxiliary elements such as pigment are prepared.Coating that obtains like this or adhesive, to the construction material of object or packaging material according to deciding dosage, for example 50-200g/m
2About be coated with and get final product.And, for above-mentioned electric wire or covering material of cable or cladded sheet materials, also can not adopt forming mode, form and carry out coating method.
In the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention, under the condition that does not exceed aim of the present invention, capsaicine class except silafluofene and microencapsulation, also can suitably mix other insecticide, the chlopyrifos of microencapsulation or connecing of cyclodextrin bag for example, Folithion, the organic phosphate agent of phoxim etc., sevin, Bassa, carbamate agent such as meta-tolyl-N-methylcarbamate (MTMC), or permethrin, cypermethrin, sumicidin, Biphenthrin, the pyrethroid agent of ether chrysanthemum ester etc., Imidacloprid, the nicotinic insecticide of Acetamiprid etc., cyproconazole, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, 3-bromo-2,3-two iodo-2-acrylic=Eufins, IF-1000, the preservative of benzalkonium chloride etc., other repellant, synergist etc. can obtain the useful composition that can reach multiple purpose.
Second invention of the application be, is set at 0.15 with silafluofene with in the match ratio of the capsaicine class of active ingredient in the ant-proof mouse-proof material of first invention: 1-2: 1.
The application's the 3rd invention is that the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the 1st, 2 invention is to be applicable to the electric wire of vinyl chloride resin preparation or the material of covering material of cable.
The 4th invention of the application be, in above-mentioned 1 to 3 each ant-proof mouse-proof material, microcapsules are made of amino resins class coating.
And the application's the 5th disclosure of the Invention uses the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the 1st invention, to white ants and the effective and practical anti-ant method of muroid.
The ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention of Huo Deing like this, it is not product with active ingredient and plastic resin mixing aftershaping, even will contain the coating or the adhesive of active ingredient is coated under the situation of object construction material or packaging material, the good food harm of getting that also can demonstrate white ants prevents effect and the protection against rodents effect high to muroid, and extremely efficient and practical ant-proof mouse-proof method is provided.
The invention provides and white ants is got the harm that causes of food and muroid to sting the harm that food causes all effective, be specially adapted to the ant-proof mouse-proof material of electric wire or cable, and the ant-proof mouse-proof method of using it.
Embodiment
Below, for further clear and definite practicality of the present invention, describe by formulation example, test example, embodiment, but the present invention is not subjected to the qualification of these examples.
Formulation example 1
With the silafluofene of 0.2 weight % and, the NVA content that is made of the melamine resin coating is the microcapsule formulations 1.25 weight % (is 0.4 weight % in NVA content) of 32 weight %, mix with vinyl chloride resin, under 160-180 ℃, be configured as the film shape, obtain the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention of electric wire or covering material of cable form.
Formulation example 2
With the silafluofene of 0.15 weight % and, 3.3 the masterbatch of used microcapsule formulations in the formulation example 1 of weight % (uses vinyl chloride resin to form fragment, wherein the content of NVA is 12 weight %) (is 0.4 weight % in NVA content), mix with vinyl chloride resin, under 160-180 ℃, be configured as sheet, obtain the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention of shell covering piece form.
Formulation example 3
With the silafluofene of 0.25 weight % and, 1.0 the capsaicin content that is made of the melamine resin coating of weight % is the microcapsule formulations (is 0.30 weight % in capsaicine content) of 30 weight %, sneak in the oil paint of homogeneous, obtain the ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention of coating form.According to the standard using method of this coating, use the construction exterior material with 100g/m as ant-proof mouse-proof
2Ratio coating.
Test example 1
According to various electric wires or the covering material of cable that formulation example 1 preparation ant-proof mouse-proof is used, anti-ant effect of investigation and protection against rodents effect.The results are shown in table 1.
(1) anti-ant effect: on the sand surface of the feeding slot that is connected with the major trough that is provided with the coptotermes formosanus nest, per 2 for the examination clad material (size: 3 * 4cm, thick: 1.0mm) and trap-tree (2 * 2 * 4cm) mutual placements arranged side by side.Be placed on 28 ± 2 ℃ dark place, 2 week backs observe for the examination clad material get the food hazard conditions, simultaneously at the state of 2 months " Invest, Then Investigate " nests.The degree of getting food harm is with following canonical representation.
-: do not have and to get food harm or to get the food vestige ,+: have slightly get food harm～+++: very big get food harm
(2) protection against rodents effect: with sheet for the examination clad material (size: 7.5 * 15cm, thick: 1.0mm) two-layer turning up, the feed of several solid shape is packed into, seal up with stapler on every side and make bait pouch.(in 40 * 20 * 18cm), put into 5 various bait pouches at the male rat that contains 3 the Wister genus cage in (48 age in week) for examination bait pouch and non-processor.After supplying with under the bait control, placing a night, reclaim bait pouch, observe the degree of stinging food harm.Sting the following canonical representation of degree of food harm.
-: the scar of no scar or trial ,+: have slightly sting food harm～+++: very big sting food harm
Table 1
| Ant-proof mouse-proof material (content is the weight % of active ingredient) | Anti-ant effect | The protection against rodents effect | |||||
| Anti-ant composition | The protection against rodents composition | Plastic resin | Get food harm | The nest situation | |||
| The present invention | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | Silafluofene 0.15 silafluofene 0.07 silafluofene 0.07 silafluofene 0.3 silafluofene 0.5 silafluofene 0.2 silafluofene 0.1 silafluofene 0.05 silafluofene 0.2 | NVA (melamine resin coating MC *) 0.4 capsicim (the same), 0.4 capsicim (the same), 0.6 DVA (the same), 0.2 DVA (the same), 0.2 NVA (polyureas coating MC), 0.4 NVA (melamine coating MC), 0.4 high capsicim (the same) 0.3 pepper extract (the same) 0.4 | Vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride polyethylene EVA vinyl chloride | - - -～+ - - - -～+ - - | Movable low movable low movable low movable low nest destruction activity is low movable low movable low movable low | - - - - -～+ -～+ -～+ - - |
| Comparative example | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | Silafluofene 0.07 silafluofene 0.15 silafluofene 0.15 silafluofene 0.15-silafluofene 0.03 silafluofene 0.8 Biphenthrin 0.3 | -NVA (not MCization) 0.4 NVA (melamine coating MC) 0.1 NVA (the same), 0.8 DVA (the same), 0.2 capsicim (the same), 0.4 capsicim (the same), 0.4 capsicim (the same) 0.4 | Vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride vinyl chloride | -～+ -～+ -～+ -～+ +++ + - -～+ | The movable low movable low movable low movable low sound movable low sound impact of not having | +++ ++ ++ - ** -～+ - - - |
*MC: microcapsules.
*There is pungent excitant problem during processing.
The result of test is that the anti-ant effect of ant-proof mouse-proof material of the present invention and protection against rodents effect are all excellent.And, compare as can be known with 1 of comparative example from the present invention 2 and 3, even the content of silafluofene is identical, with the proportioning of capsaicine class combination 0.15: 1-2: the present invention 2 in 1 scope, the anti-ant effect of the present invention 3 outside this scope is all high than independent comparative example 1 or match ratio.Equally, compare as can be known with comparative example 5 from the present invention 4 and 5, even the content of DVA is identical, with the proportioning of the combination of silafluofene 0.15: 1-2: the present invention 4 in 1 scope, compare in this extraneous the present invention 5 than independent comparative example 5 or match ratio, can obtain more excellent protection against rodents effect.Find that in addition as the microcapsules coated fertilizer of capsaicine class, melamine resin is more suitable for than polyureas (the present invention 6), moldable resin is that vinyl chloride resin is better than polyvinyl resin (the present invention 7).
Relative therewith, the protection against rodents weak effect of the NVA of microencapsulation (comparative example 2) not, when the ant-proof mouse-proof composition does not satisfy ormal weight (comparative example 3 and 6), it divides other anti-ant effect, protection against rodents effect to reduce.In addition, as comparative example 4, when NVA content surpasses 0.6 weight %, can't avoid the excitant of hot taste during processing, on the other hand shown in comparative example 7, when the content of silafluofene surpasses 0.5 weight %, though can guarantee quick-acting, but cost improves, and compares with the present invention 5, has the misgivings that reduce the quadratic response of nest effect.And, comprising the comparative example 8 of a kind of Biphenthrin in the pyrethroid insecticides, quick-acting excessively can not be expected quadratic response.
Embodiment 1
According to formulation example 1, with the silafluofene of 0.2 weight % and, the microcapsule formulations of the NVA of 1.25 weight % (content of NVA is 0.4 weight %) mixes with vinyl chloride resin, and it is manufactured the electric wire of thickness 1mm, diameter 10mm as epidermal area.It is laid on underground a period of time " Invest, Then Investigate ", prove through 10 years or long-term placement more than it can not be subjected to white ants get food harm and muroid sting food harm.
Embodiment 2
According to formulation example 3, with the silafluofene of 0.15 weight % and, the microcapsule formulations of the Dihydrocapsaicin of 1.0 weight % (Dihydrocapsaicin is 0.30 weight %) homogeneous is sneaked in the oil paint, preparation ant-proof mouse-proof coating.With this coating with 100g/m
2Ratio coating packaging material, the cellulose family feed of in these packaging material, packing into, the medium-term and long-term keeping in the warehouse that has termite to nest nearby, but be not subjected to the harm of white ants or muroid.
Claims (4)
1. ant-proof mouse-proof material, it is characterized in that containing 0.05-0.5 weight % silafluofene and, contain the capsaicine class of the microencapsulation of 0.2-0.6 weight % in active ingredient, silafluofene and, be 0.15 as the match ratio of the capsaicine class of active ingredient: 1-2: 1.
2. the ant-proof mouse-proof material of record in the claim 1 is characterized in that it being the electric wire or the covering material of cable of vinyl chloride resin system.
3. the ant-proof mouse-proof material of each record in the claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that microcapsules are made of the melamine resin coating.
4. ant-proof mouse-proof method, it is characterized in that using the silafluofene that contains 0.05-0.5 weight % and, the ant-proof mouse-proof material of capsaicine class that contains the microencapsulation of 0.2-0.6 weight % in active ingredient, wherein silafluofene and, be 0.15 as the match ratio of the capsaicine class of active ingredient: 1-2: 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35992/2003 | 2003-02-14 | ||
| JP2003035992 | 2003-02-14 | ||
| JP42041/2003 | 2003-02-20 | ||
| JP2003042041A JP4454236B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-20 | Ant-proof / anti-rust material and anti-ant / anti-rust method using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1520726A CN1520726A (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| CN1328959C true CN1328959C (en) | 2007-08-01 |
Family
ID=33421364
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100043323A Expired - Fee Related CN1328959C (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-02-13 | Ant/rat proofing material and ant/rat proofing method using the same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4454236B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1328959C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1065223A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109181052A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-11 | 山东华能线缆有限公司 | A kind of slow-release termite-resistant rodent-resistant cable jacket material |
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| AU2012258505B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2015-05-28 | Syngenta Limited | Aqueous coating compositions |
| US20090208546A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2009-08-20 | Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. | Aqueous coating compositions |
| CN101142911B (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2010-05-19 | 上海工程技术大学 | Microencapsulated capsaicin based on waste water reutilization and its preparation method |
| CN101661142B (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-08-17 | 上海晓宝增强塑料有限公司 | Gopher protected reinforcement yarn for optical cable and preparation method thereof |
| CN102311565B (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-10-10 | 浙江万马电缆股份有限公司 | Ratproof cable rubber sheath material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| DE102011083569A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Basf Se | Active substance mixture, useful e.g. for expelling harmful animals, comprises compounds acting on taste receptors, and compounds acting on ion channels of class polycystic kidney disease-2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid |
| CN102293224A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-28 | 北海市白蚁防治所 | Pharmaceutical composition for killing termite |
| AU2012201618B2 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-05-08 | Hiraoka & Co., Ltd. | Bird and animal repellant sheet |
| CN103053598B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-01-07 | 乔亮 | Bloodthirsty-bat trapping agent and method for preparing same |
| CN102939989B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-01-07 | 张亮 | Fruit bat trapping agent and preparation method thereof |
| JP6069234B2 (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2017-02-01 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | Cellulose-containing foam insulation and method for producing the same |
| JP6119645B2 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2017-04-26 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Wiring harness wiring method and fixing unit |
| CN105038247B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-08-24 | 成都德意塑料厂 | It is a kind of to prevent biting the cable materials nibbled and cable prepared therefrom |
| CN105575544A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-11 | 国网山东莱阳市供电公司 | Communication cable capable of preventing saline-alkaline corrosion and rat/ant gnawing |
| CN105949666A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-09-21 | 苏州市吴通光电科技有限公司 | Preparation method of cable sheath capable of emitting special smell |
| CN106342804A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-25 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Behavioral interference agent for preventing and controlling soil termites and behavioral interference agent capsule |
| CN106259331B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-03-12 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Behavioral interference agent and the Behavioral interference agent capsules of termite are built in a kind of prevention and treatment |
| WO2018128230A1 (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2018-07-12 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | Anti-rodent optical cable |
| JP7159283B2 (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2022-10-24 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Insect resistant cable jacket |
| CN117736503B (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-08-09 | 杭州普天乐电缆有限公司 | Rubber material for rat-proof coaxial cable and rat-proof coaxial cable |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05139910A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-06-08 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Coating composition for preventing animal biting damage |
| US5762949A (en) * | 1994-02-02 | 1998-06-09 | Hoechst Schering Agrevo Gmbh | Formulation and process for controlling isoptera insects |
-
2003
- 2003-02-20 JP JP2003042041A patent/JP4454236B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 2004-02-13 CN CNB2004100043323A patent/CN1328959C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-20 HK HK04108192A patent/HK1065223A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05139910A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-06-08 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Coating composition for preventing animal biting damage |
| US5762949A (en) * | 1994-02-02 | 1998-06-09 | Hoechst Schering Agrevo Gmbh | Formulation and process for controlling isoptera insects |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109181052A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-11 | 山东华能线缆有限公司 | A kind of slow-release termite-resistant rodent-resistant cable jacket material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4454236B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
| HK1065223A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 |
| JP2004292317A (en) | 2004-10-21 |
| CN1520726A (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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