CN1327731A - Biocide without damage to plant - Google Patents

Abstract

A chemical agent for preventing and eliminating plant pests, powdery mildew and frostly mildew is disclosed. It is obtained through reaction between alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and alcohol and is applied through diluting with water and spraying onto plant to dewater and deactivato pests. Its advantages include low poison, high effect, no residue and high water solubility and penetrability.

Description

One plant species biocide without damage to

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of compound that can prevent and treat plant pest, the preparation of particularly benzene sulfonamide acid esters compound, and this compounds.

Background technology

Existing vegetable insecticide great majority all are to have the stronger organic phosphor of toxicity, organochlorine, organosulfur pesticide, though these agricultural chemicals energy kill pests, protective plant is avoided the insect infringement, but people and animals also there is bigger harm, the hypertoxicity agricultural chemicals that has, as acephatemet, dichlorvos etc., when be sprayed on grain or the vegetables time more in short-term, gently then poison after people and animals eat by mistake and impair one's health, heavy then get killed; The agricultural chemicals utmost point difficult degradation that has as organic chlorine agriculture chemicals such as hexachlorcyclohexane, antimony, can be accumulated in animal and plant body for a long time, even long-term existence behind the animals and plants of the edible remains of pesticide of people, can greatly influence the healthy of people in soil and rivers and lakes; The agricultural chemicals that has uses back insect generation drug resistance several times, and effect worse and worse.So agricultural chemicals is the same with medicine, all be subjected to just allowing to produce and use after the national strictness examination.For protective plant better, chemist at present, biologist and plant protection scholar try every means always, and seek that some toxicity are low, noresidue, can effectively prevent and treat the agricultural chemicals of plant pest, be agriculture the service better.

Open source literature also discloses some low toxicities, pesticide species efficiently in recent years, and as Chinese patent 97115088, it is matched by pyrethrins and organic phosphor and forms, particularly by sumicidin, and cypermethrin, desinsection is formed by pine; 97191968 also disclose a kind of Arylpyrozole insecticides; 95193202 disclose the application as insecticide of N-aryl and N-alkyl sulfonamide; But in the insecticide of above-mentioned open source literature, the cost that has is higher, and the composition that has is complicated, and desinsection speed is slower.

Present employed agricultural insecticide and diseases prevention all are to use separately, can not possess two kinds of functions simultaneously.

Technology contents

Inventor's research work of being engaged in agriculture for a long time in the rural area, in the past few years the many insects to the harm plant have carried out careful observation, also used some chemicalss and agricultural chemicals to carry out insecticidal test, from practice, realize, the effect of agricultural insecticide has plenty of the digestive system that destroys insect, and the infringement insect respiratory system that has has plenty of the skin of taking off hormone, make insect can't take off skin and growth, different agricultural chemicals should be used for killing different insects.In order to prepare low, the effective insecticide of some toxicity, the inventor has tested the killing action of many kinds of chemicalses to different insects, think that present common agricultural chemicals removes and to destroy the insect digestive system, respiratory system, obstruction takes off outside the skin, and it is subcutaneous that some chemicals can be penetrated into some insects apace in addition, destroys mucocutaneous, and moisture and make a large amount of dehydrations rapidly of insect, further food refusal, atrophy, death in the absorption insect bodies.And plant and people and animals are not had any harm.

To be exactly this porous cause its dehydration, degreasing to insect is subcutaneous to plant protection product of the present invention, destroys the benzene sulfonamide ester compound of each histoorgan of insect, and its chemical constitution is as follows:

In the formula: R is linear paraffin R ' for saturated alkane or alkene, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, also can be alkanol (R-OH).

The preparation method of above-mentioned benzene sulfonamide ester compound reacts alkyl benzene sulphonate and alcohol to obtain at normal temperatures, and its reaction equation is as follows:

In the following formula, employed alcohol is saturated alkoxides, as ethanol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, amylalcohol, the tert-butyl alcohol etc.; Or unsaturated alcohol, as allyl alcohol, propilolic alcohol etc.; Or dihydroxylic alcohols, trihydroxylic alcohol, tetrahydroxylic alcohol, as ethylene glycol, glycerine, pentaerythrite, sorbierite, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol; Or fragrant and mellow, as phenmethylol etc.

The reaction equation of alkyl benzene sulphonate and saturated alkoxides is:

The reaction equation of alkyl benzene sulphonate and dihydroxylic alcohols is (is example with ethylene glycol):

Perhaps there is following reaction:

The reaction of alkyl benzene sulphonate and trihydroxylic alcohol (is example with the glycerine):

Perhaps three hydroxyls of three alkyl sulfonic acid bases and trihydroxylic alcohol react simultaneously;

The reaction of alkyl benzene sulphonate and polyvinyl alcohol:

Alkyl benzene sulphonate and fragrant and mellow reaction (is example with the phenmethylol):

The ester that the reaction of abovementioned alkyl benzene sulfonic acid and alcohol obtains is a kind of light yellow or brown thick liquid or paste, soluble in water, after it is fully dissolved with 200-800 water doubly, spray in plant leaf surface, can kill cabbage caterpillar, aphid, two spotted spider mite, the wild snout moth's larva of melon, pine caterpillars, litchi stinkbug nymph, and some moth class larvas, to the dark mildew in the plant, diseases such as powdery mildew also have certain control efficiency, when benzene sulfonate of the present invention being sprayed onto insect on one's body the time, less than 2 minutes, insect vacillated now to the left, now to the right before this or roll in front and back, broke off an action after 1-2 minute, particularly acarid and moth class larva, to the eye to oozing out large quantity of moisture, very fast death.

The present invention compares with more existing agricultural chemicals, and its outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement is:

1, kill pests is rapid, spray back lethality height, studied the characteristic of this compound from the inventor, the benzene sulfonamide acid esters has a sulfonate group (S-OR), oxygen in the group has hydrophily preferably, penetration is strong, and insect epidermis mucous membrane is easy and the sulfonate ester group effect, make it attenuation, cause the insect dehydration and be penetrated into epidermis, observe through the inventor, not only moth class larva is sprayed very fast death behind the medicine, to aphid, acarid, it is also very rapid that insects such as two spotted spider mite are killed speed, outside the osmosis of possible this compound, the synthetic destruction of the chitin of insect also worked, also may be that respiratory tract to insect also causes damage, also can cause the digestive system of insect to damage after interior the suction, but its detailed mechanism, the inventor is still among further investigation.

2, plant itself is not caused damage, do not influence its growth.Certain plants is cleaned blade face effect in addition, can remove the germ that is deposited on the plant leaf surface or the residuals of other agricultural chemicals, as prevent and treat powdery mildew etc., can promote photosynthesis of plants.

3, people and animals are not had any toxic, detect through health and epidemic prevention department, this compound belongs to little poisonous substance matter, is 5000-8000mg/kg to small white mouse acute oral LD50.

4, the raw material supplied materials is abundant, and the preparation method is simple, and alkyl benzene sulphonate is a kind of basic raw material for chemical industry, can be used for making synthetic detergent at present, and production cost is not high, and the production of alcohols can be by fermentation method and synthetic method, and raw material sources are wide.

5, this compound noresidue, easily degraded, particularly the benzene sulfonamide acid esters of straight chain, impose on plant surface after, colorless and odorless can not remain in plant leaf surface and the soil yet, insect also is not easy to develop immunity to drugs.

6, production process three-waste free pollution, more safe and reliable than the production process of present many organic phosphors, organochlorine insecticides.

7, can with other mixed pesticide, also can be mixed with other inorganic fertilizer, plant growth regulator, form a kind of composite insecticide or promote the multifunctional insecticide agent of plant growing.

Embodiment

Below be embodiments of the invention:

Embodiment one:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₂H ₅) and ethanol (CH ₃CH ₂OH), ratio is 1: 1 by the ratio of chemical equation metering, hybrid reaction under the normal temperature, and course of reaction constantly stirs, until generating pastel, sealing storage then.Dilute with water 300-400 doubly sprays in plant during use, anti-ly eliminates aphis, cabbage caterpillar, pine caterpillars etc.

Embodiment two:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₄H ₉) and n-butanol, pressed the chemical equation mol ratio 1: 1, hybrid reaction at normal temperatures, course of reaction constantly stirs, and until generating pastel, sealing storage then is as the material of control plant pest.

Embodiment three:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₆H ₁₃) react under the normal temperature in molar ratio with diethanol, constantly stir during reaction, until generating paste, be sealed in then in the brown container and preserve, obtain product.

Embodiment four:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₄H ₉) react than at normal temperatures by chemical equation metering with allyl alcohol, constantly stir during reaction, until generating paste, product, prevent eliminating aphis, two spotted spider mite, pine caterpillars etc.

Embodiment five:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₁₂H ₂₅) react than at normal temperatures by the chemical equation metering with glycerine, constantly stir during reaction, until generating paste, in brown container, preserve then, obtain product.

Embodiment six:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₉H ₁₉) react than at normal temperatures by the chemical equation metering with phenmethylol, constantly stir during reaction, until generating paste, obtain product.

Embodiment seven:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₁₂H ₂₅) react at normal temperatures by the weight ratio of stoichiometric equation with sorbierite, in reaction, note constantly stirring, generate paste at last, can kill various pests, can also prevent and treat the powdery mildew, downy mildew of plant etc.

Embodiment eight:

(R is C to get alkyl benzene sulphonate ₆H ₁₃) react under the normal temperature in molar ratio with polyvinyl alcohol, constantly stir during reaction, generate paste, be sealed in then in the brown container and preserve, can kill various pests, can also prevent and treat the powdery mildew of plant etc.

Application example (the own result of the test of the inventor):

1, the benzene sulfonamide acid esters dilute with water 400--800 of use the foregoing description two or embodiment three doubly carries out insecticidal test on vegetable fields such as fresh kidney beans, wild cabbage, leaf mustard, and the effect of killing cabbage caterpillar, vegetable aphid is more than 95%.

2, the benzene sulfonamide acid esters dilute with water 300--500 of usefulness the foregoing description four or embodiment five doubly, on cucumber, watermelon, melonry, kill the wild snout moth's larva test of melon, kill effect more than 95%, the death in 25 seconds of wherein young instar, big instar was less than death in 1 minute.

3, use 400 times of the benzene sulfonamide acid esters dilute with waters of the foregoing description five or embodiment eight, be used for the tealeaves insecticidal test, can kill looper, poison moth, caterpillar etc., effect is more than 95%, but smaller green leaf hopper is not had positive effect;

4, use 500 times of the benzene sulfonamide acid esters dilute with waters of the foregoing description six or embodiment seven, in the citrus orchard, carry out insecticidal test, can kill two spotted spider mite and prevent and treat damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew.

Below be that the inventor entrusts the upright university of certain province application insect to use abovementioned alkyl benzene sulfonate compound to carry out insecticidal test, content of the test and result are as follows:

One, test material.

1, The compounds of this invention (D, E, F, G, H) (five numberings)

2,15% pyridaben missible oil (production of Shanghai insecticide factory)

3,40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate (production of Shanghai insecticide factory)

4,80% DDT EC (northern sand swell reaches company and produces)

Two, test insect and crop

Citrus red mite, bud aphid, by * * agricultural college experimental farm and suburb vegetable field provide.

Three, test method

1, selects formulation

2, press D, E, F, G, five numberings of H, and compare test with above-mentioned three kinds of agricultural chemicals, clear water.

3, test method(s) carries out the test of pesticide effectiveness to two spotted spider mite, vegetable aphid respectively routinely.

4, crop safety is tested.

Four, test card (summary)

Five, result

1, the 400X of G, D, F formulation, 800X liquid control vegetable aphid, 24h vegetable aphid lethality reaches more than 95%.

2, G, D, F formulation 400X, 800X liquid is prevented and treated citrus red mite, and preventive effect can reach more than 84%.

3, the insecticidal mechanism of this preparation of discovery is special in the test, permeability is strong, stronger degreasing is arranged simultaneously, destroy polypide cortex and cell thereof, the effect that estimation forces polypide dehydration food refusal in addition and makes insect suffocate is very strong to the power of knocking down of insect, very fast, characteristics are tentatively thought this compound if be used in the production in view of the above, and insect may be difficult for developing immunity to drugs.

Claims (5)

1, a plant species biocide without damage to is characterized in that its chemical constitution is as follows:

In the formula: R is a linear paraffin

R ' is saturated alkane or alkene, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, perhaps is alkanol (R-OH).

2, a plant species biocide without damage to according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is alkyl benzene sulphonate and alcohol to be reacted at normal temperatures obtain, and its reaction equation is as follows:

In the formula, R ' OH is saturated alkoxides or unsaturated alcohol or polyalcohol, fragrant and mellow.

3, plant biocide without damage to according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is as the application in the insecticide.

4, plant biocide without damage to according to claim 1 is characterized in that it mixes with other agricultural chemicals to be made into composite insecticide.

5, plant biocide without damage to according to claim 1 is characterized in that it and other plant growth regulator or trace element fertilizer combine desinsection and promotes plant growth composite.