CN1327470A - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents

润滑油组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1327470A
CN1327470A CN00802337A CN00802337A CN1327470A CN 1327470 A CN1327470 A CN 1327470A CN 00802337 A CN00802337 A CN 00802337A CN 00802337 A CN00802337 A CN 00802337A CN 1327470 A CN1327470 A CN 1327470A
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Prior art keywords
lubricant composition
lubricating oil
friction
oil composition
composition
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Inventor
谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·亚力山德罗夫
弗拉基米尔·瓦连京诺维奇·布佐夫
埃尔敏·阿巴斯·奥戈里·哈米多夫
弗拉基米尔·列昂尼多维奇·佐祖利亚
谢尔盖·列昂尼多维奇·佐祖利亚
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Abstract

本发明涉及润滑油组合物,其可在制造工艺中用于处理不同机器和机械装置中的摩擦装置,其目的是改进摩擦表面。本发明的基础是改善润滑油组合物,其中附加使用增稠剂和蜡的结果是使得润滑油组合物的粘度足以使固体组分在润滑油组合物中在宽的温度范围内保持均匀分布。根据这种情况,从而达到了润滑油组合物在任何包装和散装中保存的可能性,甚至在机器和机械装置的操作条件下也是可以使用的。该润滑油组合物达到了凝胶状态,也就是说其便于用于任何摩擦表面,并沉积在任何摩擦装置的摩擦区域。该润滑油组合物确保得到了这样的工程效果,该效果类似于使用基于由片状硅酸盐系列的天然矿物的细分散粉末的固体组分所显示出的那些效果,同时润滑油组合物的沉淀性质也容许其在宽的温度范围内连续保存,而不会改变润滑和改进的性质。

Description

润滑油组合物
本发明涉及润滑油组合物，该润滑油组合物可在制造工艺中用于处理不同机器和机械装置中的摩擦装置，其目的是改进摩擦表面。
通常，用于上述目的的不同的润滑油组合物根据技术环境含有各种各样的添加剂，这些添加剂的使用将取决于处理的目的和一对摩擦件(friction pairs)的材料。
例如，人们知道，用于增强摩擦表面、降低磨耗和摩擦系数的具有复合特性的固体润滑剂材料必须对金属表面具有好的附着力，润滑膜必须具有足够的强硬和经久耐用，确保能够改进表面的状态。为此目的，将固体润滑剂材料用于各种液体工艺环境的组合物中，该组合物用于制造悬浮液，或用于糊剂组合物中。
众所周知，使用的润滑油组合物含有矿物油和金属粉末，其中钴粉末的颗粒尺寸为7-10纳米，其量为0.08-0.12质量％[见俄罗斯联邦专利2028370(IC C1OM125/04，18.02.92)的详细说明]。
上述润滑油组合物提供了使用工业润滑油或机油在没有磨损的情况下一对摩擦件的操作方式。然而，建议的润滑油组合物只在悬浮液中钴的非常窄的空间内有效，同时作者同意该润滑油组合物不会改变硬度，因为在油中钴的浓度低。换句话说，是没有改进摩擦表面。
抗摩糊剂也是已知的，该抗摩糊剂含有聚合物基料和公知的固体组分例如钼的二硫化物、硅酸铝[见原作者的USSR 1766950(IC C10M107/30，27.07.87)证书的详细说明]。该糊剂改变了抗摩操作，这是因为它不但含有提到的固体组分，而且还基本上作为固体润滑剂。借助于机器零件表面上的铲刀(palette-knife)，该糊剂在1.5小时内凝成固体。需要花费24-36小时来获得糊剂的必要硬度。
与原型比较，施用了上述糊剂的表面的性质平均要好2倍。然而，干摩擦系数仍然是不好于0.16-0.18，操作的能力(resource)不超过500公里。
此外，使用这种润滑油是不方便的。它不能预先制备、包装和随时准备使用，它在操作条件下不能使用。
根据工程的实质需要和达到使用效果，最新的建议解决方案是这样的润滑油组合物，该组合物含有润滑油和粉末状、磨料状添加剂[见原作者的USSR 1669976(IC C1OM125/20，18.03.88)证书的详细说明]。该组合物含有极度分散的钛的碳氮化物作为粉末状添加剂，其量为0.01-1.5质量％。
在所有负荷研究的范围内，基于钛的碳氮化物的润滑油组合物降低了摩擦系数；在低温下观察到降低的效果是4倍，在高温下是9倍。然而，该摩擦系数仍然是不好于0.015-0.018，最终产生的仍是相当低水平的摩擦表面强度。
还需要表明的是，在组合物中已经使用5至高达500纳米的碎片，这限制了润滑油组合物的固体组分的最大浓度。在具有限制粘度的基料中使用这种大的固体碎片降低了润滑油组合物的沉淀性质。在短时间保存期间，该组合物损失了其均匀性，从而降低了其保存性质。
因此，建议的工程解决方案的目的是改善润滑油组合物的沉淀性质。
本发明的基础是改善润滑油组合物，其中附加使用增稠剂和蜡的结果是使得润滑油组合物的粘度足以使固体组分在润滑油组合物中在宽的温度范围内保持均匀分布。根据这种情况，从而达到了润滑油组合物在任何包装和散装中保存的可能性，甚至在机器和机械装置的操作条件下也是可以使用的。该润滑油组合物达到了凝胶状态，也就是说其便于用于任何摩擦表面，并沉积在任何摩擦装置的摩擦区域。
为了解决存在的问题，因此，根据本发明，含有润滑油和粉末状、磨料状添加剂的已知润滑油组合物还含有下列组分比例(质量％)的增稠剂和蜡。
增稠剂                -10-12
蜡                    -20-25
粉末状磨料状添加剂    -20-25
润滑油                -余量
按照本发明的优选实施方案，该润滑油组合物含有作为增稠剂的具有下列组分比例(质量％)的在润滑油中的聚异丁烯橡胶溶液。
聚异丁烯橡胶    -    20-25
润滑油          -    余量
根据另一个实施方案，该润滑油组合物含有作为添加剂的细分散的磨料状天然矿物粉末，该粉末的分散能力不超过10-30纳米。
蜡提供了能够形成薄的润滑膜的物质。在组合物中蜡的量为20-25质量％，其与增稠剂和润滑油结合形成了胶状含热物质，该物质的粘度在60℃和更高的温度下有少量变化，这样在引起摩擦系数降低，从而摩擦装置的温度出现降低之前，确保了在连续保存和操作负荷条件下使用时组合物的基本均匀性。
从本发明的概述可以看出，本发明与原型是不同的，因此它是新的。
该解决方案也具有发明的水平。表现为基于硬脂酸甘油酯，油酸和稠结润滑脂膏的固体润滑剂的组合物是已知的[见原作者的USSR1715833(IC C10M117/02，30.01.92)证书的详细说明]。该组合物不含有能够改进摩擦表面的添加剂。此外，从列举的组分几乎不可能形成在宽的温度范围内能够形成和保持均匀悬浮的胶状物质。成形的物质或者是非常稀或者迅速变硬。组合物中存在用于稳定物质的油酸将会降低其消费性能，因为该消费性能对生物机体有不利的影响。
提议的工程解决方案大体上不同于已知的方案，因为基于有机物的胶状组合物不但施行了润滑功能，而且还通过无机添加剂创造了改进表面的条件，其首先显示出摩擦系数的实质性降低。该润滑油组合物在连续保存下(几年内)保持均匀性。
提议的工程解决方案在工业上是适合的，因为在制备之后该润滑油组合物可以根据使用容量进行适当包装，并且不但在生产期间而且在操作条件下都可用于机器和机械装置的摩擦装置的处理。
根据提议的工程解决方案制备的润滑油组合物、在可变温度下连续保存之后润滑油组合物的状态估计结果、以及分开的一对摩擦件和摩擦装置的处理结果列于表中。
使用H-20A型工业用油制备润滑油组合物。使用牌号为H-20的聚异丁烯橡胶制备增稠剂。使用由片状硅酸盐系列的天然矿物制备的细分散粉末作为添加剂。在摩擦电机MH-1M的探测单元上对一对摩擦件“圆盘一履”(disk-shoe)在负荷后2小时内确定摩擦性能。该圆盘由20×13标号的钢制造；该履由钢45制造。试验是在恒定载荷2.5MPa下进行。摩擦表面的滑动线速度为1米/秒。
凝胶的应用结果列于表中。润滑油组合物的给出成分有牌号为H-20A的高达100％的工业用油。
    N 增稠剂，％ 蜡，％ 添加剂，％ 保存时间，月 均匀性，％     试验对象   摩擦系数   磨损，mcm/小时
    1     10     20     0.5     1.0   100     圆盘-履 0.006-0.008   -5-7＜
    2     12     25     1.5     1.0   100     圆盘-履 0.006-0.008   -5-7＜
    3     10     20     2.5     1.0   100     衬套-曲柄-轴** 0.006-0.008   ＋2＋3*
    4     12     20     5     5.0   99.5     衬套-曲柄-轴 0.006-0.008   ＋2＋3*
    5     10     25     10     12.0   98     衬套-曲柄-轴 0.008-0.009   ＋2＋3*
    6     12     20     5     12.0   98     圆盘-履 0.006-0.009   -5-7＜
    7     12     20     10     12.0   98     圆盘-履 0.006-0.009   -5-7＜
    8     10     20     2.5     6   99.5     轴承 0.006-0.009   ＋7＋10*
    9     12     25     10     12   99.0     轴承 0.006-0.008   ＋7＋10*
    10     10     25     20     12   98.5     轴承 0.006-0.008   ＋7＋10*
*至稳定
**曲柄-轴
由表可见，该润滑油组合物确保得到了这样的工程效果，该效果类似于使用基于由片状硅酸盐系列的天然矿物的细分散粉末的固体组分所显示出的那些效果，同时润滑油组合物的沉淀性质也容许其在宽的温度范围内连续保存，而不会改变润滑和改进的性质。

Claims (3)

1.润滑油组合物，其含有润滑油和粉末状、磨料状添加剂，其特征在于它还含有具有下列组分比例(质量％)的增稠剂和蜡
    增稠剂                         -10-12
    蜡                            -20-25
    粉末状磨料状添加剂             -20-25
    润滑油                        -余量
2.根据权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其特征在于增稠剂含有具有下列组分比例(质量％)的在润滑油中的聚异丁烯橡胶溶液。
    聚异丁烯橡胶                20-25
    润滑油                      -余量
3.根据权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其特征在于添加剂含有细分散的天然矿物粉末，该粉末的分散能力不超过10-30纳米。
CN00802337A 1999-10-22 2000-10-05 润滑油组合物 Pending CN1327470A (zh)

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