CN1326689C - 反射紫外线及红外线的光学涂层 - Google Patents

反射紫外线及红外线的光学涂层 Download PDF

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CN1326689C
CN1326689C CNB2003801094063A CN200380109406A CN1326689C CN 1326689 C CN1326689 C CN 1326689C CN B2003801094063 A CNB2003801094063 A CN B2003801094063A CN 200380109406 A CN200380109406 A CN 200380109406A CN 1326689 C CN1326689 C CN 1326689C
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郑必焕
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RIZHEN OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
RIZHEN OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY CO L
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Abstract

一种遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构，包括：2或3层Ag，2或3层氧化铟锡(ITO)和2层～4层的电介质氧化物。至少两层Ag被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。各电介质氧化物层可由选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3和Ta2O5的材料制成。该结构可有效地遮蔽红外线和紫外线，同时以85%以上的透射率透射可见光。

Description

反射紫外线及红外线的光学涂层
技术领域
本发明涉及一种反射紫外线及红外线的涂层，且更具体地涉及一种由多层具有不同折射率的材料形成，可透射可见光，同时有效地遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构。尤其是，本发明涉及具有该多层结构的窗结构。
背景技术
通常，波长范围在10～400nm的紫外线可以造成人体的皮肤老化、眼睛疲劳或白内障，以及物品的脱色，而波长范围为700nm以上的红外线可产生热而使周围温度上升。尤其对于窗占大部分面积的车辆或建筑物来说，紫外线会对人体及室内物品造成伤害。在夏天，由于红外线而引起的温度上升使空调使用费增加。
为了遮蔽紫外线或红外线，将有色塑料薄片或金属涂层材料用于窗。但由于这种有色塑料薄片或金属涂层既遮蔽可见光也遮蔽紫外线及红外线，因此尤其在行车时，会造成难以确保驾驶视野或者难以观察前方情况。上述有色塑料薄片或金属涂层还会造成建筑物内采光不足。
遮蔽人们开发了如韩国专利公报1988-10930A公开的用于遮蔽红外线的多层结构以遮蔽太阳光中红外线，但是该结构只能遮蔽有限波长范围在900～1200nm的红外线。改结构既不能遮蔽超过1200nm的红外线，也不能同时遮蔽紫外线和红外线。
发明内容
根据上述现有技术，本发明的目的之一是提供一种可有效遮蔽紫外线和红外线并可透射可见光的多层结构，以及由这种结构所制成的窗结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种由具有不同折射率和不同厚度的材料形成的多层结构以有效地遮蔽紫外线及红外线，以及由这种结构所制成的窗结构。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种可遮蔽紫外线及红外线的物品，例如汽车用安全玻璃。
为了实现上述目的，如本文中具体和宽泛地描述，用于遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构包括：2或3层的Ag、2或3层的氧化铟锡(ITO)和2层～4层的电介质氧化物层。至少两层Ag被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。各电介质层由选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3和Ta2O5的材料制成。
根据本发明的另一个技术方案，用于遮蔽紫外线及红外线的窗结构包括玻璃或塑料材料；
2或3层的Ag、2或3层的氧化铟锡层(ITO)和2层～4层的电介质氧化物层。其中至少两层Ag被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。
根据本发明的多层结构通过在玻璃或例如丙烯(acryl)基塑料的基板上层叠具有不同折射率的多层涂层材料而制成。该结构的各个层可以通过如物理气相沉积法(PVD)或化学气相沉积法(CVD)的气相沉积法被沉积。该结构的设计采用了多级反射，该反射在由不同于其它材料的涂层材料制备的各个薄层中发生，以有选择地反射或透射具有特定波长范围的光。各个涂层材料应根据各自的折射率和光学性能来选择，并应考虑到对于预期波长范围的多级反射的产生，从而确定各层的沉积厚度。
本发明采用银(Ag)、氧化铟锡(ITO)和电介质氧化物作为涂层材料。
银(Ag)对可见光具有良好的透射性并对红外线范围具有良好的反射性能。Ag层的厚度优选为5nm～15nm的范围。
氧化铟锡(ITO)为铟和锡的氧化物，其In2O3和SnO2的比例范围为85∶15～95∶4。不管沉积厚度如何，ITO对可见光具有良好的80％以上的光学透过性。
电介质氧化物优选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3和Ta2O5，并且根据各折射率确定其厚度。
附图说明
图1为透过根据本发明实施例1的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；
图2为透过根据本发明实施例2的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；
图3为透过根据本发明实施例3的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；
图4为透过根据本发明实施例4的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；
图5为透过根据本发明实施例5的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；
图6为透过根据本发明实施例6的光学涂层的入射光波长-入射光透射百分比的曲线图；和
图7为具有本发明多层结构的汽车窗的横剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行更为详细的说明。
实施例1
根据本发明实施例1的遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构具有7层，其使用如Ag、ITO、SiO2和TiO2的4种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表1。
表1
 序号     材料 折射率(基准波长510nm)  层厚度(nm)
  765432     TiO2AgITOAgTiO2ITO     2.348670.0512.0580.0512.348672.058     28.8114.3884.638.07126.0638.14
  1基板   SiO2玻璃     1.46181.52077     162.79
如表1所示，多层结构可采用4种涂层材料形成7层结构。特别是，第5层ITO层被夹在第4层Ag层和第6层Ag层之间。
多层结构中紫外线和红外线的遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图1中显示。遮蔽多层结构透过约1.77％200nm波长的光，和约8％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外光，同时其可透过85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约31％且在1000nm波长透射率降到8％以下，从而在整个红外线区域内可有效遮蔽红外线。
实施例2
根据本发明实施例2的遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构具有7层，其使用如Ag、ITO和Y2O3的3种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表2。
表2
序号   材料 折射率(基准波长510nm)  层厚度(nm)
 765432  Y2O3ITOAgITOAgY2O3     1.795812.0580.0512.0580.0511.79581     4.0836.1412.8271.919.3985.56
  1基板     Ag玻璃     0.0511.52077     5.79
如表2所示，多层结构可采用3种涂层材料形成7层结构，特别是，第3层和第5层的Ag层与第4层和第6层的ITO相互交替设置。
多层结构中紫外线和红外线遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图2中显示。遮蔽多层结构透过约3.5％200nm波长的光，和约9.5％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外光，同时透过85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约32％，且在1000nm波长透射率被降到4％以下，从而在整个红外线区域可有效遮蔽红外线。
实施例3
根据本发明实施例3的遮蔽紫外线及红外线多层结构为7层结构，其使用了如Ag、ITO和ZrO2的3种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表3。
表3
号码     材料   折射率(基准波长510nm)  层厚度(nm)
  7654321     ZrO2ITOAgITOAgZrO2Ag     2.065762.0580.0512.0580.0512.065760.051     9.5829.5713.0776.3410.0563.845.6
基板   玻璃     1.52077
如表3所示，多层结构可采用3种涂层材料形成为7层结构，特别是，第3层和第5层的Ag层与第4层和第6层的ITO层相互交替设置。
多层结构中紫外线及红外线遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图3中显示。遮蔽多层结构透射约3.2％200nm波长的光，和约9.7％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外光，同时其透射85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约32.5％，且在1000nm波长透射率被降低到小于9％，从而在整个红外线区域可有效遮蔽红外线。
实施例4
根据本发明实施例4遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构为8层结构，其采用如Ag、ITO、SiO2和Ta2O5的4种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表4。
表4
序号     材料   折射率(基准波长510nm)   层厚度(nm)
  876543     Ta2O5AgITOAgTa2O5Ag     2.144550.0512.0580.0512.144550.051     3513.3879.8911.0672.410.76
  21基板     ITOSiO2玻璃     2.0581.46181.52077     34.18103.67
如表4所示，多层结构可采用4种涂层材料形成为8层结构，特别是，在第2层ITO层上设置第三层Ag层，和第6层ITO层被夹在第5层Ag层和第7层Ag层之间。
多层结构中紫外线和红外线遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图4中显示。遮蔽多层结构透射约0.08％200nm波长的光和约6.8％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外光，同时其透射85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约29％，且在1000nm波长透射率被降低到小于2％，从而在整个红外线区域可有效遮蔽红外线。
实施例5
根据本发明实施例5的遮蔽紫外线及红外线多层结构为9层结构，其采用了如Ag、ITO、SiO2和Al2O3的4种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表5。
表5
  序号   材料 折射率(基准波长510nm)   层厚度(nm)
    9876   SiO2ITOAl2O3Ag     1.46182.0581.67260.051     3.5836.91515.28
  54321基板     ITOAl2O3AgITOSiO2玻璃     2.0581.67260.0512.0581.46181.52077     78.88512.4240.6478.7
如表5所示，多层结构可采用4种涂层材料形成为9层结构，特别是，第3层及第6层Ag层分别设置于第2层及第5层ITO层上。
多层结构中紫外线及红外线遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图5中显示。遮蔽多层结构透射约5％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外线，同时透射85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约24％，且在1000nm波长透射率被降到4.2％以下，从而在整个红外线区域可有效遮蔽红外线。
实施例6
根据本发明实施例6遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构为10层结构，其采用了如Ag、ITO、SiO2和Al2O3的4种涂层材料。
按照在基板上的顺序，涂层材料的排列、折射率及厚度列于下表6。
表6
序号   材料 折射率(基本波长510nm)   层厚度(nm)
 1098   Al2O3ITOAl2O3     1.67262.0581.6726     16.2112.5723.76
    7654321基板     AgITOAgAl2O3AgITOSiO2玻璃     0.0512.0580.0511.67260.0512.0581.46181.52077     12.2974.8811.79111.8210.6540.7778.9
如表6所示，多层结构采用4种涂层材料形成为10层结构，特别是，在第2层ITO层上设置第3层Ag层，和第6层ITO层被夹在第5层Ag层和第7层Ag层之间。
多层结构中紫外线及红外线遮蔽效果在表示入射光透射百分比-入射光波长的图6中显示。遮蔽多层结构透射约4.7％300nm波长的光以遮蔽紫外光，同时其透射85％以上的可见光。另外，在800nm波长该结构的透射率为约21％，且在1000nm波长透射率被降到1.6％以下，从而在整个红外线区域可有效遮蔽红外线。
本发明提供了可以有效遮蔽紫外线及红外线，同时可透射可见光的多层结构。该多层结构可适用于如汽车窗玻璃、建筑物或者博物馆的展示品、等离子板(PDP)等各种应用。具有这种多层结构的窗玻璃可抑制周围温度上升，并可以保护皮肤和防止物品的脱色。
尤其是，在夏季日照下，该结构可使汽车内温度降低30％以上从而节约燃料。另外，该多层结构甚至可以被用于不能直接粘贴彩色薄膜的汽车前窗。
参考图7，根据本发明的汽车安全玻璃100由玻璃或塑料材料的两张透明平板10和夹设于该两平板间的塑料薄膜30构成。塑料薄膜30由塑化聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成，并且如果玻璃破碎，碎片将粘在该塑料薄膜上。
在平板10之一和塑料薄膜30之间设置本发明的多层结构20以有效遮蔽射入车内的紫外线及红外线。因多层结构20未露于外部，其很难被损坏。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下，对本发明的各种修改和变化均是可以的。

Claims (13)

1、一种形成在玻璃或塑料基板上用于遮蔽紫外线及红外线的多层结构，包括：
2或3层的Ag层；
2或3层的氧化铟锡层；和
2层～4层的电介质氧化物层；
其中至少两层Ag层被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。
2、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，各电介质氧化物层由选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3和Ta2O5的材料制成。
3、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为7层：
形成于基板上厚度为162.79nm且折射率为1.462的SiO2第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为38.14nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为126.06nm且折射率为2.349的TiO2第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为8.07nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为84.63nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为14.38nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第六层；和
形成于第六层上厚度为28.81nm且折射率为2.349的ITO第七层。
4、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为7层：
形成于基板上厚度为5.79nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为85.56nm且折射率为1.79581的Y2O3第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为9.39nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为71.91nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为12.82nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为36.14nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第六层；和
形成于第六层上厚度为4.08nm且折射率为1.79581的Y2O3第七层。
5、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为7层：
形成于基板上厚度为5.6nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为63.84nm且折射率为2.06576的ZrO2第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为10.05nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为76.34nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为13.07nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为29.57nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第六层，和
形成于第六层上厚度为9.58nm且折射率为2.06576的ZrO2第七层。
6、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为8层：
形成于基板上厚度为103.67nm且折射率为1.4618的SiO2第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为34.18nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为10.76nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为72.4nm且折射率为2.14455的Ta2O5第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为11.06nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为79.89nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第六层；
形成于第六层上厚度为13.38nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第七层；和
形成于第七层上厚度为35nm且折射率为2.14455的Ta2O5第八层。
7、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为9层：
形成于基板上厚度为78.7nm且折射率为1.4618的SiO2第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为40.64nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为12.42nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为5nm且折射率为1.6726的Al2O3第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为78.88nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为15.28nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第六层；
形成于第六层上厚度为5nm且折射率为1.6726的Al2O3第七层；
形成于第七层上厚度为36.91nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第八层；和
形成于第八层上厚度为3.58nm、折射率为1.4618的SiO2第九层。
8、如权利要求1所述的多层结构，其特征是，多层结构为10层：
形成于基板上厚度为78.9nm且折射率为1.4618的SiO2第一层；
形成于第一层上厚度为40.77nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第二层；
形成于第二层上厚度为10.65nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第三层；
形成于第三层上厚度为111.82nm且折射率为1.6726的Al2O3第四层；
形成于第四层上厚度为11.79nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第五层；
形成于第五层上厚度为74.88nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第六层；
形成于第六层上厚度为12.29nm且折射率为0.051的Ag第七层；
形成于第七层上厚度为23.76nm且折射率为1.6726的Al2O3第八层；
形成于第八层上厚度为12.57nm且折射率为2.058的ITO第九层；和
形成于第九层上厚度为16.21nm且折射率为1.6726的Al2O3第十层。
9、将权利要求1的结构用于玻璃或塑料基板表面的物品。
10、一种用于遮蔽紫外线及红外线的窗结构，包括：
玻璃或塑料材料的基板；
2或3层的Ag层；
2或3层的氧化铟锡层；和
2层～4层的电介质氧化物层；
其中至少两层Ag层被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。
11、如权利要求10窗结构，其特征是，各个电介质氧化物层由选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3和Ta2O5的材料制成。
12、一种安全玻璃，包括：
由玻璃或塑料材料制成的两张透明平板；
粘着于二透明平板间，用于防止平板破碎的塑料薄膜；和
设置于至少一张透明平板和塑料薄膜之间的遮蔽紫外线及红外线的光学涂层，包括：
2或3层的Ag层；
2或3层的氧化铟锡层；和
2层～4层的电介质氧化物层，
其中至少两层Ag层被邻接设置于氧化铟锡层，以作为氧化铟锡层的上层或下层。
13、如权利要求12所述的安全玻璃，其特征是，各个电介质氧化物层由选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、Y2O3、和Ta2O5的材料制成。
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