CN113677520A - 具有防晒涂层和热射线反射涂层的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有防晒涂层和热射线反射涂层的复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN113677520A
CN113677520A CN202180001223.8A CN202180001223A CN113677520A CN 113677520 A CN113677520 A CN 113677520A CN 202180001223 A CN202180001223 A CN 202180001223A CN 113677520 A CN113677520 A CN 113677520A
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glass pane
layer
coating
composite
composite glass
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CN202180001223.8A
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CN113677520B (zh
Inventor
S·彭格尔
Y·布龙斯坦
N·胡恩
X·蔡莱
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合玻璃板(100),其包括具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)、具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)的内玻璃板(2)以及将所述外玻璃板(1)的内表面(II)与所述内玻璃板(2)的外表面(III)接合的热塑性中间层(3),其中所述复合玻璃板(100)在所述外玻璃板(1)与所述内玻璃板(2)之间具有至少一个防晒涂层(4),其基本反射或吸收太阳辐射的可见光谱之外的射线,尤其是红外线,并且其中所述复合玻璃板在内玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧的表面(IV)上任选地具有热射线反射涂层(5)(低辐射涂层),其特征在于所述防晒涂层(4)从所述外玻璃板(1)的方向出发包括层序列,所述层序列包括‑第一介电模块(M1)、‑第一银层(Ag1)、‑第二介电模块(M2)、‑第二银层(Ag2)、‑第三介电模块(M3)、‑第三介电模块(M3)、‑第三银层(Ag3)、‑第四介电模块(M4),其中所述银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)彼此具有Ag1/Ag2>1且Ag1/Ag3>1的相对层厚度,并且所述介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1且M2/M4>1的相对层厚度;以及涉及用于制造这样的复合玻璃板的方法及其用途。

Description

具有防晒涂层和热射线反射涂层的复合玻璃板
本发明涉及具有改进的防晒涂层的复合玻璃板及其用途。
在DE 19927683 C1中公开了这种类型的复合玻璃板,该复合玻璃板具有至少两个玻璃板、将它们接合的透明中间层,并且还设有基本反射太阳辐射的可见光谱之外的射线,尤其红外线的防晒层,其中该复合玻璃板此外在其指向内部空间的表面上设有另一个与该防晒层在空间上分离的基本反射热射线的透明涂层(低辐射层)。
WO2013/127563 A1公开了另一这种类型的复合玻璃板,其在玻璃板之间具有防晒层并且在内部空间侧的表面上具有低辐射涂层。热射线反射涂层(低辐射涂层)基于铌、钽、钼或锆形成。
WO 2019/110172 A1公开了复合玻璃板,其包括具有外表面和内部空间侧表面的外玻璃板、具有外表面和内部空间侧表面的内玻璃板和将外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面和内玻璃板的外表面接合的热塑性中间层,其中该复合玻璃板在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间具有至少一个防晒涂层,该防晒涂层基本反射或吸收太阳辐射的可见光谱之外的射线,尤其是红外线,并且其中该复合玻璃板在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上具有热射线反射涂层,其中该复合玻璃板的透射指数A为0.02至0.08,其中透射指数A (A值)根据下面的公式(I)确定
A— TL复合玻璃板/(TL/低辐射涂覆的玻璃板* TE) (I),
其中TL是光透射率,且TE是在每种情况下根据ISO 9050测量的能量透射率。通过这种复合玻璃板可以获得小于50%的低TTS值与1-12%的低光透射率的组合,其中此外该复合玻璃板的光反射率小于6%。
本发明的目的在于,提供进一步改进的具有防晒功能和任选隔热功能的复合玻璃板。本发明的目的尤其在于进一步改进复合玻璃板的能量、热和光学性能。同时,另一个目的是实现改进的美学外观,尤其是在复合玻璃板的反射中尽可能没有不希望的色调。
根据本发明,所述目的和其它目的通过根据独立权利要求1的复合玻璃板来实现。本发明的有利实施方式由从属权利要求得出。
本发明的复合玻璃板包括具有外表面(面I)和内部空间侧表面(面II)的外玻璃板、具有外表面(面III)和内部空间侧表面(面IV)的内玻璃板以及将外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面与内玻璃板的外表面接合的热塑性中间层,其中该复合玻璃板在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间具有至少一个防晒涂层,该防晒涂层基本反射或吸收太阳辐射的可见光谱之外的射线,尤其是红外线,其中该防晒涂层从外玻璃板的方向出发来看包括层序列,该层序列包括
- 第一介电模块(M1)、
- 第一银层(Ag1)、
- 第二介电模块(M2)、
- 第二银层(Ag2)、
- 第三介电模块(M3)、
- 第三银层(Ag3)、
- 第四介电模块(M4)。
在此,本发明的防晒涂层的银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)彼此具有Ag1/Ag2>1且Ag1/Ag3>1的相对层厚度,并且介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)彼此具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1且M2/M4>1的相对层厚度。
换言之,根据本发明设置,所述防晒涂层的第一银层(Ag1)的层厚度比接下去的两个其它银层Ag2和Ag3厚,所述银层Ag2和Ag3在所述防晒涂层的层序列中布置在第一银层下方并因此更远离外玻璃板。另外设置,第二介电模块M2的层厚度分别大于其它介电模块M1、M3和M4的层厚度。
令人惊讶地表明,这种本发明的复合玻璃板相比于迄今已知的具有防晒涂层的复合玻璃板而言具有显著改进的能量性能,并且在此同时具有良好的光学和美学性能,尤其是可以使复合玻璃板的反射中的不希望的色调最少化或甚至避免。
在此,本发明的复合玻璃板的核心元件是防晒涂层及其特殊的层结构。具有多个功能层的防晒涂层实现红外辐射的高反射率以及同时在可见光谱范围内的高透射率。根据本发明,该防晒涂层具有至少三个透明功能银层的层序列,这些银层彼此具有特定的相对层厚度。设置的是,所述防晒涂层的最靠近外玻璃板布置的第一银层(Ag1)的层厚度比在层序列中最靠近的两个银层Ag2和Ag3厚,所述两个银层Ag2和Ag3在该防晒涂层的层序列中接在第一银层Ag1下方。在此,这些银层分别布置在介电模块,即介电层之间。
所述防晒涂层的各个功能银层的厚度优选为5 nm至25 nm,特别优选8 nm至20nm。该防晒涂层的所有功能银层的总层厚度优选为20 nm至80 nm,特别优选30 nm至60 nm。在功能层的厚度和所有功能银层的总厚度的这些范围内,实现了在防晒功能和透明度方面特别好的结果。
根据本发明,介电模块Mi (M1、M2、M3、M4)被理解为介电层,其可以由单个层,即单个介电层、或由多层介电层形成。
所述防晒涂层优选包括至少四个介电模块(M1、M2、M3和M4),即至少四个介电层。各个功能银层布置在两个介电层之间。在此,功能层和介电层布置成使得在各两个相邻功能银层(在它们之间不布置另外的功能银层)之间布置至少一个介电层,并且在最上方的功能层上方布置至少一个另外的介电层,并且在最下面的功能层下方布置至少一个另外的介电层。根据本发明,介电模块优选具有10 nm至100 nm,特别优选20 nm至90 nm,例如70 nm至85 nm的厚度。
该防晒涂层的介电层可以包含合适的材料,例如至少一种金属氧化物,如ZnO、SnO2、BiO3、TiO2和/或至少一种金属氮化物,如AlN。在本发明复合玻璃板的一个优选实施方式中设置,介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有至少一种金属氮化物,尤其至少一个氮化硅层(Si3N4)。换句话说,该防晒涂层的介电模块、这些介电模块之一的至少一层(层)优选包含氮化硅或由氮化硅构成。氮化硅也可以具有掺杂物,例如铝。
如果涂层的第一层布置在复合玻璃板的涂层的第二层上方,则这在本发明的意义中是指,第一层比第二层更靠近外玻璃板的表面布置。如果涂层的第一层布置在涂层的第二层下方,则这在本发明的意义中是指,第二层比第一层更远离外玻璃板的表面布置。如果涂层的第一层布置在涂层的第二层上方或下方,则这在本发明的意义上不一定是指,第一层和第二层彼此直接接触,除非明确地这样提及。因此,一个或多个另外的层可以布置在第一层和第二层之间,只要这没有明确地被排除。如果第一层布置在两个另外的层之间,则这在本发明的意义上是指,所述一个另外的层布置在第一层上方并且所述另一个另外的层布置在第一层下方。
所述防晒涂层可以包括本领域技术人员本身已知的其它层,例如平滑层、牺牲层、屏障层和/或阻隔层。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述防晒涂层包含至少一个阻隔层。根据本发明,该阻隔层优选至少包含镍铬(NiCr)和/或钛铬或由其构成。该阻隔层优选布置在至少一个功能银层与至少一个介电层之间。该阻隔层优选与功能银层直接接触。特别优选地,各个功能银层与至少一个阻隔层直接接触。特别有利的是,各个功能银层布置在两个阻隔层之间,其中功能层优选与两个围绕其的布置在上方和下方的阻隔层直接接触。通过所述阻隔层,在加热时,尤其在制造本发明复合玻璃板的过程中实现对功能层的保护。所述阻隔层的厚度优选为几纳米的数量级,且例如为0.1 nm至3 nm。所述阻隔层可以优选具有小于1 nm的厚度,例如0.1 nm、0.2 nm、0.3 nm、0.4 nm、0.5 nm、0.6 nm、0.7 nm或0.8 nm的厚度。
该复合玻璃板被设置用于在窗户开口中将内部空间,尤其运载工具的内部空间与外部环境分开。所述复合玻璃板是层压件,并且包括第一和第二玻璃板,它们在本发明的意义上被称为外玻璃板和内玻璃板并且通过热塑性中间层相互接合。在本发明的意义中,内玻璃板表示在安装位置中面向内部空间的玻璃板。外玻璃板表示在安装位置中面向外部环境的玻璃板。在本发明的意义上,内部空间侧表面(或内侧或内表面)被理解为是指所述玻璃板的在安装位置中面向内部空间的表面。在本发明的意义上,外表面(或外侧或外表面)被理解为是指玻璃板的在安装位置中面向外部环境的表面。
所述玻璃板的表面通常如下表示:外玻璃板的外侧被称为面I。外玻璃板的内侧被称为面II。内玻璃板的外侧被称为面III。内玻璃板的内侧被称为面IV。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选彼此独立地由玻璃或塑料,优选钠钙玻璃、碱金属铝硅酸盐玻璃、聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯形成。在一个特别优选的实施方式中,外玻璃板和内玻璃板由玻璃制成。
合适的玻璃板包括由Saint-Gobain以商品名Planiclear®和Planilux®(分别为清澈玻璃)、VG 10、VG20、VG40或TSANx、TSA3+、TSA4+已知的玻璃板,其中VG系列玻璃为灰色玻璃,且TSA系列玻璃为绿色玻璃。
外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板优选彼此独立地具有0.1至4 mm,优选1至4 mm,特别优选1.6 mm至约2.1 mm的厚度。
外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面和内玻璃板的外表面彼此面对并且借助热塑性中间层相互接合。
所述热塑性中间层由一个或多个热塑性膜形成,其中在所得复合玻璃板中在所得中间层中的各个膜任选不再能够彼此区分。热塑性膜优选包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)和/或其混合物和/或其共聚物,特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。膜优选基于所述材料形成,但是可以包含其它成分,例如增塑剂、着色剂、IR或UV吸收剂。
所述中间层的各个聚合物膜,特别是PVB膜优选具有约0.2 mm至1 mm,例如0.38mm、0.76 mm或0.81 mm的厚度。通过膜的这些厚度可以影响复合玻璃板的其它性能。因此,例如较厚的PVB膜实现改进的消音(尤其是当其包含声学有效的芯时)、复合玻璃板的提高的抗侵入性以及针对紫外线辐射的提高的保护(UV保护)。
在本发明复合玻璃板的另一个优选实施方式中设置,所述防晒涂层的银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)具有Ag1/Ag2 >1且1< Ag1/Ag3<3的相对层厚度,优选1< Ag1/Ag3< 2.6的相对层厚度。换言之,第一银层的厚度大于第二银层的厚度,并且第一银层与第三银层的相对层厚度为1至3,优选1至2.6。通过调节到功能银层的这些相对层厚度,可以再次改进和优化能量和光学性能,其中同时可以获得最佳的美学外观而在复合玻璃板的反射中没有不希望的色调。特别是,可以避免复合玻璃板的不希望的红色和黄色反射或浑浊。
此外,可以改进所得复合玻璃板的视觉舒适性,或相对于迄今已知的复合玻璃板在改进的热舒适性的情况下保持良好的值。
在本发明复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式中设置,所述防晒涂层的第二和第三银层(Ag2、Ag3)彼此具有0.5<Ag2/Ag3<2.0的相对层厚度。
在另一优选的实施方案中设置,介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1.1且M2/M4 >1.5的相对层厚度。
根据本发明,所述防晒涂层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间。在一个优选的实施方式中,该防晒涂层施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面(面II)上。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,该防晒涂层嵌入热塑性中间层中。该防晒涂层可以施加在热塑性膜上。在一个优选的实施方式中,将该防晒涂层施加在载体膜上,该载体膜在制造复合玻璃板时例如布置在两个用于形成中间层的热塑性膜之间。所述复合玻璃板的热塑性中间层含有载体膜,其在上方,即在指向外玻璃板的表面上具有该防晒涂层。该载体膜优选含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或由其构成,并具有20μm至100μm,优选38μm至86μm,例如约50μm的厚度。然而,该载体膜也可以由其它合适的塑料制成。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,将所述防晒涂层施加在内玻璃板的外表面III上。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述复合玻璃板可以在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面(面IV)上具有热射线反射涂层(低辐射涂层)。根据本发明,该复合玻璃板此时可具有低于14%,特别低于13%的特别低的总透射热辐射(TTS) (根据ISO13837测量),其中同时可实现最佳的美学外观,而在复合玻璃板的反射中没有不希望的色调。特别地,可以避免复合玻璃板的不希望的红色和黄色反射或浑浊。
根据本发明,可以在内玻璃板的内侧面(面IV)上,即任选地施加热射线反射涂层,该涂层相比于迄今已知的复合玻璃板而言改进具有防晒涂层的复合玻璃板在可能的TTS值方面的性能。
这种涂层例如由WO2013/131667A1已知。热射线反射涂层也可以被称为隔热涂层、低辐射率涂层、辐射率降低涂层、低辐射涂层或低辐射层。其任务是反射热辐射,即尤其是比太阳辐射的IR部分更长波长的IR辐射。在低的外部温度下,低辐射涂层将热量反射回内部空间中并且减少内部空间的冷却。在高的外部温度下,除了防晒涂层之外,低辐射涂层也向外反射升温的复合玻璃板的热辐射并且减少内部空间的升温。与本发明防晒涂层一起,低辐射涂层特别有效地在夏季时减少玻璃板的热辐射向内部空间的发射,并且在冬季时减少热量向外部环境的辐射。
根据本发明,迄今,例如从WO2013/127563 A1或WO2019/110172 A1已知的具有低辐射率的热射线反射涂层例如适合于用在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中。通过本发明的防晒涂层和用于复合玻璃板的低辐射涂层的组合,可以在1-12%,优选5%至10%的改进的能量值(TTS <14 %)的情况下实现可见光的光透射率(TL)。
所述复合玻璃板的热射线反射涂层优选包括功能层,该功能层包含透明导电氧化物(TCO),优选氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化锡(SnO2),并布置在介电层之间。介电层尤其可以由介电氧化物或氮化物,诸如ZnO、SnZnO、AlN、TiO2、SiO2或Si3N4形成。
但是,低辐射涂层的功能层也可以包含其它导电氧化物,例如氟掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2: F)、锑掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2:Sb)、铟-锌混合氧化物(IZO)、镓掺杂或铝掺杂的氧化锌、铌掺杂的氧化钛、锡酸镉和/或锡酸锌。由此实现在该涂层的辐射率和可弯曲性方面的特别好的结果。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,低辐射涂层具有最高50%,优选最高30%的辐射率。换言之,还优选的是,本发明的复合玻璃板的内部空间侧的辐射率优选小于或等于50%,特别优选10%至50%,非常特别优选20%至35%,例如小于或等于30%。在此,内部空间侧的辐射率表示说明具有低辐射涂层的玻璃板在安装位置中与理想的热辐射器(黑体)相比向例如建筑物或运载工具的内部空间中发出多少热辐射的量度。在本发明的意义上,辐射率被理解为是指根据标准EN 12898在283 K下的标准辐射率。
根据本发明,复合玻璃板具有>36%的外部能量反射率RE,优选>39%的RE。能量值RE的计算根据标准ISO 9050来进行。
在本发明复合玻璃板的一个实施方式中,其在使用标准A辐射器时在2°的入射角下具有>8%,优选10%至22%的外侧反射能力RLext (可见光外部反射率RLext)。光学值RLext的计算根据标准EN 410通过灯类型A来进行。
在此,外侧反射能力描述从外部环境入射的可见辐射的被反射的比例。
本发明还包括用于制造本发明的具有防晒涂层的复合玻璃板的方法,其包括以下方法步骤:
- 将防晒涂层施加到外玻璃板的内表面(II)上或内玻璃板的外表面(III)上,或将防晒涂层引入到热塑性中间层中;
- 和
- 通过热塑性中间层将外玻璃板和内玻璃板接合。
在所述方法的另一个实施方案中,作为另一步骤设置,将隔热涂层施加到内玻璃板的内表面(IV)上。
该防晒涂层的施加可以在施加热射线反射涂层之前的时间、之后的时间或同时地进行。在施加了防晒涂层和隔热涂层二者之后,将外玻璃板和内玻璃板接合以产生复合玻璃。
该防晒涂层4和隔热涂层5都可承受高热负荷,因此它们也经受得住温度处理或在通常高于600℃的温度下的玻璃板1、2的弯曲而不会受损。
所述防晒涂层以及热射线反射涂层的各个层可以通过本身已知的方法,优选通过磁场辅助阴极溅射沉积并且以合适的层厚度和层序列构造。阴极溅射可以在例如由氩气构成的保护气体气氛中,或在例如通过添加氧气或氮气的反应性气体气氛中进行。然而,各个层也可以通过本领域技术人员已知的其它合适的方法,例如蒸镀或化学气相沉积来施加。
所述热塑性中间层可以热塑性膜的形式提供。然而,该热塑性中间层也可以是多个膜,例如两个或更多个热塑性膜、任选附加载体膜的形式。在此,将防晒涂层施加到热塑性中间层上仅包括将防晒涂层施加到这些膜之一上,例如载体膜上。包含布置在其上的防晒涂层的载体膜在玻璃板接合成复合玻璃时优选布置在两个热塑性膜之间,其中所述防晒涂层的区域面向外玻璃板。
优选通过在热、真空和/或压力的作用下的层压来将外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过热塑性中间层接合成复合玻璃板。可以使用本身已知的用于制造复合玻璃板的方法。在层压时,经加热的可流动热塑性材料围绕着防晒涂层流动,从而制造稳定的复合体,并且防晒涂层包封在中间层中并且被保护免受损伤和环境影响。
例如,所谓的高压釜法可在约10巴至15巴的高压和约130℃至145℃的温度下进行约2小时。本身已知的真空袋法或真空环法例如在约200毫巴和80℃至110℃下工作。外玻璃板、热塑性中间层和内玻璃板也可以在压延机中在至少一个辊对之间压制成玻璃板。这种类型的设备被已知用于制造玻璃板并且通常在压机之前具有至少一个加热通道。在压制过程中的温度例如为40℃至150℃。压延机法和高压釜法的组合在实践中已经被证明是特别有用的。替代地,可以使用真空层压机。其由一个或多个可加热和可抽真空的室构成,在这些室中在例如约60分钟内在0.01毫巴至800毫巴的减压和80℃至170℃的温度下将玻璃板层压。
本发明还包括本发明的具有防晒涂层和低辐射涂层的复合玻璃板在水陆空交通运输工具中,尤其是在机动车中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或顶玻璃板,以及作为功能单件,和在建筑物中的用途。
所有提到的标准是指其在申请日有效的文本。
本发明的不同实施方式可以单独地或以任意组合的形式实现。特别地,前面提到的和后面要阐述的特征不仅可以所示组合、而且可以其它组合的形式或单独地使用,而不脱离本发明的范围。除非实施例和/或其特征被明确地提及仅作为替代方案或被排除。
下面参考附图更详细地描述本发明。在此要注意,描述可分别单独地或以组合的形式使用的不同方面。即,各个方面都可以与本发明的不同实施方案一起使用,只要没有明确地作为纯粹的替代方案示出。
附图是简化的示意图并且不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
其中:
图1示出了穿过具有防晒层和热射线反射层的本发明复合玻璃板的第一实施方式的截面,
图2示出了穿过具有防晒层和热射线反射层的本发明复合玻璃板的另一实施方式的截面,
图3示出了穿过具有防晒功能和隔热功能的本发明复合玻璃板的另一实施方式的截面,
图4示出了施加到复合玻璃板的外玻璃板上的本发明防晒层的结构示意图;
图5借助流程图示出了本发明方法的一个实施例。
图1示出了穿过具有防晒涂层4和低辐射涂层5的本发明复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的截面。复合玻璃板100包括外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2,它们通过热塑性中间层3相互接合。复合玻璃板100例如可以具有约1 m2的尺寸并且被设置为载人轿车的顶玻璃板,其中外玻璃板1面向外部环境并且内玻璃板2面向运载工具内部空间。外玻璃板1具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)。内玻璃板2具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)。外表面(I)和(III)面向外部环境,内表面(II)和(IV)面向运载工具内部空间。外玻璃板1的内表面(II)和内玻璃板2的外表面(III)彼此面对。
在这一实施方案中,本发明的防晒涂层4布置在外玻璃板1的内表面(II)上。防晒涂层4在整个内表面(II)上延伸,优选扣除环绕的无涂层的框架形区域,该框架形区域例如具有8 mm的宽度。所述无涂层的区域然后可以通过用热塑性中间层3粘合被气密性密封。由此,防晒涂层4有利地被保护免受损坏和腐蚀。
根据本发明,防晒涂层4包括至少三个功能银层,其分别具有5 nm至20 nm的层厚度,其中每个功能银层布置在介电模块,例如由氮化硅构成的层之间。本发明的防晒涂层的银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)在此彼此具有Ag1/Ag2>1和Ag1/Ag3>1的相对层厚度,并且介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)彼此具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1和M2/M4>1的相对层厚度。
防晒涂层4可以额外地具有其它层,例如牺牲层、屏障层、平滑层或阻隔层。这样的层例如可以保护防晒涂层4免受环境影响,例如免受氧化,并且其耐久性和耐环境性得以改进。下面还参照图4详细解释防晒涂层4的根据本发明的结构。由于红外辐射的反射,防晒涂层4导致运载工具内部空间和内玻璃板2的升温减少。根据本发明,可以实现>36%,优选>39%的能量反射率RE。此外,通过本发明的防晒涂层4,除了相对于迄今已知系统而言改进的良好热舒适性之外,同时也实现了复合玻璃板100的良好光学和美学性能。
在内玻璃板2的内表面(IV)上任选地布置隔热涂层5。在该优选实施方案中,复合玻璃板可以不仅具有>39%的良好的能量反射率RE,而且具有< 14%,优选< 13%的特别低的总透射热辐射TTS。隔热涂层5一方面减少热辐射穿过复合玻璃板100向运载工具内部空间的辐射,尤其是在高的外部温度下。另一方面,隔热涂层5可以在低的外部温度下减少热辐射从运载工具内部空间的辐射。此外,隔热涂层5可以减少可见光向运载工具内部空间的透射,以使得如果期望这样减少的透射,例如在顶玻璃板的情况下,则不需要使用或使用较低程度的着色玻璃板。这是本发明复合玻璃板的主要优点,因为运载工具内部空间的空间气候显著改进并且使用空调设备的必要性降低。关于能量性能,特别是为了实现所得复合玻璃板100的>36的能量反射率RE和尽可能低的TTS值,根据本发明优选的是将防晒涂层4施加到清澈的不着色玻璃板上(外玻璃板1的内侧II)。为了任选地中和或改进复合玻璃板100的外部外观,另一方面可能有意义的是将防晒涂层4施加在着色的玻璃板(外玻璃板1)上。
图2示出了穿过具有防晒涂层和隔热涂层4、5的本发明复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。与图1不同,防晒涂层4不布置在外玻璃板1的内表面(II)上,而是在中间层3中的载体膜6上。载体膜6优选包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或由其构成并且例如具有50μm的厚度。本发明的防晒层4包括层结构,将参考图4更详细地解释该层结构。具有防晒涂层4的载体膜6布置在第一热塑性膜3a和第二热塑性膜3b之间。热塑性膜3a和3b以及载体层6在所得复合玻璃板中形成热塑性中间层3。热塑性膜3a和3b优选包含PVB或由其构成,并且例如具有0.38 mm的层厚度。载体膜6具有比外玻璃板1、内玻璃板2和热塑性膜3a和3b稍微更小的尺寸。载体膜6在复合体中如此布置,以使得载体膜6不延伸直至复合玻璃的侧边缘。由此,载体膜6在复合玻璃板的例如具有约8 mm宽度的边缘区域中环绕地被热塑性膜3a和3b包围。因此,在载体膜6上的防晒涂层4有利地被保护免受损坏和尤其腐蚀。内玻璃板2的内表面(IV)上的隔热涂层5如图1中所配置。
图3示出了穿过具有防晒涂层和隔热涂层5、4的本发明复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。与图1不同,防晒涂层4不布置在外玻璃板1的内表面(II)上,而是在内玻璃板2的外表面(III)上,其中外表面(III)的环绕的边缘区域不设有防晒涂层4。防晒涂层4在这一实施方式中也有利地被保护免受损坏和腐蚀。此外,该实施方案对应于图1中所示的实施方式。
图4示出了本发明的防晒层4的示意性结构。在所示的实施方式中,防晒涂层4作为基底施加在外玻璃板1的内侧II上。所示的防晒涂层4含有三个透明的功能银层Ag1、Ag2和Ag3,它们尤其是红外线反射层。根据本发明,这些功能银层彼此具有特定的相对厚度,特别地根据本发明设置,相对层厚度为Ag1/Ag2>1且Ag1/Ag3>1。换言之,最靠近外玻璃板1布置的第一银层Ag1的层厚度比在层序列中下方随后的第二银层Ag2和第三银层Ag3的层厚度厚。银层例如可以借助阴极溅射在氩气气氛中沉积。
在银层Ag1、Ag2和Ag3的上方和下方分别布置介电层或介电模块M1、M2、M3和M4。这些介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)根据本发明彼此具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1且M2/M4 >1的相对层厚度。介电模块M1因此直接布置在外玻璃板1的内侧II上的第一银层Ag1上方,第二介电模块M2布置在第一银层Ag1下方。第一介电模块M1例如可以从外玻璃板1出发构造为氮化硅层、ZnSnOx层和ZnO层的层序列。在此,氮化硅层可以由氮化硅在含氮气的气氛中沉积,氧化锌层可以由氧化锌在含氧气的气氛中沉积。
防晒涂层4含有至少一个阻隔层,特别优选地,每个功能银层Ag1、Ag2、Ag3如所示与至少一个阻隔层B1、B2和B3直接接触。根据本发明,阻隔层优选至少含有镍、铬或其合金和/或钛铬或由其构成。阻隔层B (B1、B2、B3)优选布置在至少一个功能银层与至少一个介电层之间。通过阻隔层B,在加热时,特别是在制造本发明复合玻璃板过程中实现对功能层的保护。
图5借助包括以下步骤的流程图示出了本发明方法的实施例。
S1:提供外玻璃板1、内玻璃板2和用于形成热塑性中间层3的至少一个热塑性膜;
S2:例如借助阴极溅射将本发明的防晒涂层施加到外玻璃板1的内表面II上或内玻璃板2的外表面上;
S3:任选将隔热涂层5施加到内玻璃板2的内侧IV上;
S4:通过热塑性中间层3将外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2接合成复合玻璃板100。
在一个实施方案中,使用玻璃板作为外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2。在所述方法的一个优选的实施方案中,具有至少三个功能银层Ag1、Ag2和Ag3和至少四个介电模块M1、M2、M3和M4的防晒涂层4优选借助磁场辅助阴极溅射施加到外玻璃板1的内侧II上。防晒涂层4的施加可以在任选将热射线反射涂层5施加到内玻璃板2的内侧IV之前的时间、之后的时间或同时进行。优选地,在施加了防晒涂层4和任选的隔热涂层5二者之后,经由中间层将外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2接合成复合玻璃。
实施例
在层压状态下测量或对经层压的复合玻璃板计算复合玻璃板的所有光学、美学和能量性能。在实施例中,将防晒涂层4施加到清澈外玻璃板1 (实例为Planiclear)的内侧II上。中间层中使用着色PVB膜。低辐射涂层施加到深色着色的内玻璃板2 (实例为VG10)的内侧IV上。低辐射涂层具有30%的辐射率。低辐射涂层基于ITO (氧化铟锡)层,其包封在介电层(Si3N4、SiO)之间。
实施例1和对比例1通过计算机模拟获得。本发明的实施例A至E被制造为具有所示防晒涂层的复合玻璃板(用于运载工具的顶玻璃板)。
对于每个实施例,示出了防晒涂层的堆叠结构(层和层厚度)以及在制成的复合玻璃板中的涂层的光学性能。
实施例1和对比例1(分别计算机模拟)
所述防晒涂层的层序列和层厚度显示在表1中。银层和介电模块的相对层厚度以及关于光学和能量性能的值在表2和表3中给出。
含义是:
RE 能量反射率[%]
RLext 可见光外部反射率[%]
TL 可见光透射率[%]
TTS 总透射热辐射[%]
RL 在60的观察角度下在60°下可见光的反射率[%]
RLint 可见光内部反射率[%]
L*、a*、b* 色坐标(色空间CIE、国际照明委员会)
光透射率(TL)和反射率(RL)的值涉及光类型A,即太阳光的在380 nm至780 nm波长下的可见光部分。
表1
Figure 120632DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
表2防晒涂层中的相对层厚度
实施例1 对比例1
Ag1/Ag2 1.98 0.94
Ag2/Ag3 1.18 1.11
Ag1/Ag3 2.34 1.05
M2/M1 2.98 4.55
M2/M3 1.71 1.30
M2/M4 3.75 4.05
表3具有防晒涂层的复合玻璃板的能量和光学参数.
实施例1 对比例1
RE 48.5 40.4
RLext 21.7 9.6
TL 4.8 4.7
TTS 12.4 14
外部颜色 绿 绿
在60°下的颜色 红/蓝
在60°下的RL 23.1 13.4
RLint 2.7 2.6
实施例A至E
实施例A至E的防晒涂层的层序列和层厚度显示在表5中。银层和介电模块的相对层厚度以及关于光学和能量性能的值在表6和表7中给出。
表5
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
表6实施例A至E的制成的复合玻璃板的防晒涂层中的相对层厚度
A B C D E
Ag1/Ag2 1.28 1.79 1.15 1.65 1.10
Ag2/Ag3 1.29 1.06 1.68 1.30 1.22
Ag1/Ag3 1.66 1.90 1.94 2.14 1.34
M2/M1 3.12 2.36 3.00 2.16 2.57
M2/M3 1.21 1.37 1.19 1.36 1.13
M2/M4 2.47 2.24 1.75 2.45 2.30
表7实施例A至E的复合玻璃板的能量和光学参数
A B C D E
TL 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.3 6.2
RL1 20.9 20.0 19.3 20.5 11.8
a*R 8° -0.9 -12.6 -8.5 -10.0 -5.0
b*R 8° -9.8 -4.6 -18.8 -11.1 -10.5
RL 60° 21.5 22.0 18.9 20.9 15.5
a*R 60° -3.2 -3.3 -3.2 -4.2 -3.3
b*R 60° -8.2 -6.9 -18.9 -12.4 -8.4
RE 45.6 50.7 47.6 48.5 45.3
TTS 13.7 12.2 13.2 12.9 13.8
外部颜色 绿 绿
颜色@60°
表8对比例V2中制成的复合玻璃板的防晒涂层中的相对层厚度
对比例 V2
Ag1/Ag2 1.14
Ag2/Ag3 1.08
Ag1/Ag3 1.23
M2/M1 2.85
M2/M3 0.96
M2/M4 2.14
表9根据对比例V2的复合玻璃板的能量和光学参数
对比例 V2
TL 5.9
RLext 13.3
RL 60° 20.1
TTS 12.4
外部颜色
在60°下的颜色
根据本发明,提供了具有根据本发明构造的防晒涂层的复合玻璃板,其可以在能量性能、热舒适性和视觉舒适性方面和同时在美学外观方面得以改进并且相对于已知的具有防晒涂层的复合玻璃板而言得以进一步优化。可以实现>36%的能量反射率RE,优选>39%的RE。通过本发明的防晒涂层,可以与热射线反射涂层结合地提供复合玻璃板,其此外可以具有小于14%,特别是小于13%的特别低的总透射热辐射(TTS),其中同时可以实现最佳的美学外观,而在复合玻璃板的反射中没有不希望的色调。特别地,可以避免复合玻璃板的不希望的红色和黄色反射或浑浊。根据本发明,可以独立于观察角度而基本实现复合玻璃板的恒定的所需颜色反射。
附图标记列表
1 外玻璃板
2 内玻璃板
3 热塑性中间层
3a 第一热塑性膜
3b 第二热塑性膜
4 防晒涂层
5 隔热涂层
6 载体膜
I 1的外表面
II 1的内表面
III 2的外表面
IV 2的内表面
Ag1 第一银层
Ag2 第二银层
Ag3 第三银层
M1 第一介电模块
M2 第二介电模块
M3 第三介电模块
M4 第四介电模块
B 阻隔层
B1 第一阻隔层
B2 第二阻隔层
B3 第三阻隔层。

Claims (16)

1.复合玻璃板(100),其包括具有外表面(I)和内表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)、具有外表面(III)和内表面(IV)的内玻璃板(2)以及将所述外玻璃板(1)的内表面(II)与所述内玻璃板(2)的外表面(III)接合的热塑性中间层(3),其中所述复合玻璃板(100)在所述外玻璃板(1)与所述内玻璃板(2)之间具有至少一个防晒涂层(4),其特征在于
所述防晒涂层(4)从所述外玻璃板(1)的方向出发包括层序列,所述层序列包括
- 第一介电模块(M1)、
- 第一银层(Ag1)、
- 第二介电模块(M2)、
- 第二银层(Ag2)、
- 第三介电模块(M3)、
- 第三银层(Ag3)、
- 第四介电模块(M4),
其中所述银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)彼此具有Ag1/Ag2>1且Ag1/Ag3>1的相对层厚度,并且所述介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1且M2/M4>1的相对层厚度。
2.根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板(100),其特征在于,所述防晒涂层的银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)具有Ag1/Ag2>1且1<Ag1/Ag3<3的相对层厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的复合玻璃板(100),其特征在于,所述防晒涂层(4)的第二和第三银层(Ag2、Ag3)具有0.5<Ag2/Ag3<2.0的相对层厚度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,
所述介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有M2/M1>1、M2/M3>1.1且M2/M4>1.5的相对层厚度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项的复合玻璃板(100),其特征在于,所述介电模块(M1、M2、M3、M4)具有至少一个氮化物层,尤其是氮化硅层。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的复合玻璃板(100),其特征在于,所述防晒涂层(4)的层序列含有至少一个阻隔层(B),其优选与所述银层(Ag1、Ag2、Ag3)之一接触。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,所述防晒涂层(4)施加在所述外玻璃板1的内侧II或所述内玻璃板(2)的外侧(III)上,或所述防晒涂层(4)引入到所述中间层(3)中。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,热塑性中间层(3)含有具有防晒涂层(4)的载体膜(6) 。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,所述复合玻璃板具有>36%的外部能量反射率RE。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,可见光外部反射率RLext>8%。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,在所述内玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧的表面(IV)上施加热射线反射涂层(5)。
12.根据权利要求11的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,热射线反射层(5)具有基于氧化铟锡层(ITO)或氧化锡层(SnO2)的功能层,其中所述氧化铟锡层或氧化锡层布置在两个介电层之间。
13.根据权利要求11或12中任一项的复合玻璃板,其特征在于,所述热射线反射涂层的辐射率为最多50%,优选最多30%。
14.用于制造根据权利要求1至13中任一项的复合玻璃板(100)的方法,其包括以下方法步骤
- 将防晒涂层(4)施加到外玻璃板(1)的内表面(II)上或内玻璃板(2)的外表面(III)上,或将防晒涂层(4)引入到热塑性中间层(3)中;
- 通过热塑性中间层(3)将外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)接合。
15.根据权利要求14的用于制造复合玻璃板(100)的方法,其特征在于,在所述内玻璃板(2)的内表面(IV)上施加热射线反射涂层(5)。
16.根据权利要求1至13中任一项的复合玻璃板(100)在水陆空交通运输工具中,尤其是在机动车中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或顶玻璃板,以及作为功能单件,和在建筑物中的用途。
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