CN1324456C - Digital signal processor using mixed compression two stage flow multiplicaton addition unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种采用混合压缩两级流水乘加单元的数字信号处理器，在算术运算单元设计了两级流水线结构的乘加单元，基4改进的Booth编码单元以及3∶2压缩器和4∶2压缩器混合的压缩树单元构成第一级流水线，72位3∶2压缩器和72位超前进位加法器，选择器，选择器控制线构成第二级流水线，混合压缩树单元以一个4∶2压缩器作根基，向上生长两个分枝，直到顶部分枝所能接受的信号数达到或超过所要压缩的信号数，同时规定只有最高层才能由3∶2压缩器构成，并且除了次高层外，底下层上生长的分枝是完备的。本发明特别设计的乘加单元在时延降低的同时减少了芯片面积，提高了芯片的频率和性能，增加了芯片的性价比。
A digital signal processor that adopts a hybrid compression two-stage pipeline multiplication and addition unit, in which a two-stage pipeline structure multiplication and addition unit is designed in the arithmetic operation unit, a radix-4 improved Booth coding unit, and a 3:2 compressor and a 4:2 compression The compression tree unit mixed with the device constitutes the first-stage pipeline, the 72-bit 3:2 compressor and the 72-bit advanced carry adder, the selector, and the selector control line constitute the second-stage pipeline, and the hybrid compression tree unit uses a 4:2 The compressor is used as the root, and two branches are grown upward until the number of signals that the top branch can accept reaches or exceeds the number of signals to be compressed. At the same time, it is stipulated that only the highest layer can be composed of a 3:2 compressor, and except for the second layer , the branches growing on the bottom layer are complete. The multiplication and addition unit specially designed in the present invention reduces the chip area while reducing the time delay, improves the frequency and performance of the chip, and increases the cost performance of the chip.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of digital signal processor, and particularly a kind of digital signal processor that mixes compression two-stage flowing water multiplicaton addition unit that adopts belongs to digital signal processing technique field.
Background technology
Multiplicaton addition unit is the key operation unit of various digital computation chip, especially digital signal processing chips.Usually be divided into two independently multiplication and two parts of addition.In original design based on 3:2 compression Wallace tree multiplier, because the 3:2 compressor reducer is the essential structure unit of partial product compressed tree, its ratio of compression is not high enough, and the partial product compressed tree that is constituted is also regular inadequately.The 4:2 compressor unit that " extra low voltage and the low-power consumption 4-2 compressor reducer that are used for high-speed multiplication " (Ultra Low Voltage, Low Power 4-2 Compressor for High Speed Multiplications) literary composition discloses to the optimization of Wallace Tree Multiplier Design in international circuit in 2003 and system of IMS conference magazine (Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems) the 5th volume.The 4:2 compressor reducer has been finished the function of two 3:2 compressor reducer series connection, and is by the optimization of circuit, littler than the time delay of two 3:2 compressor reducers by the time delay of a 4:2 compressor reducer simultaneously.Yet, because the input port more (single compressor reducer has 5 input ports) of 4:2 compressor reducer, can cause idle than multiport in some cases, so its efficient is not high.In addition, it does not guarantee to make the delay character of partial product compressed tree to reach best.Traditional multiplicaton addition unit design is to finish the monocycle, there is not streamline, as the TMS320C54x DSP of American TI Company (referring to TMS320C54xDSP CPU and peripheral equipment with reference to the first volume (Rev.G) (TMS320C54x DSP CPU and PeripheralsReference Set Volume 1)).This method is when the design high speed digital signal processor, and multiplicaton addition unit has just become the critical path of whole digital signal processor, has limited the raising of entire chip frequency, simultaneously owing to need extra totalizer to cause the increase of chip area in the chip.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of digital signal processor that mixes compression two-stage flowing water multiplicaton addition unit that adopts is provided, make it can pass through the two-stage The pipeline design, time delay reduces greatly on the critical path that multiplicaton addition unit is caused, the partial product compression stage adopts 3:2 and 4:2 mixed compression structure simultaneously, reduce the time delay on the compressed tree, increase substantially the frequency and the performance of digital signal processor, reduce the chip production cost.
The digital signal processor cores get that the present invention relates to partly comprises: address-generation unit, instruction decoding unit, procedure control unit, arithmetic operation unit.Procedure control unit provides instruction address by instruction bus to command memory, and the reception instruction is delivered to instruction decoding unit with it from command memory.Instruction decoding unit will be deciphered later data and send to the two-way parallel data channel, i.e. arithmetic operation unit and address-generation unit.Arithmetic operation unit is passed to procedure control unit with its status information, and operation result is given data-carrier store or received data from data-carrier store.Address-generation unit is given data access unit with address value, specifies the position of corresponding storage and read-write.The present invention has designed the multiplicaton addition unit of two stage pipeline structure especially in described arithmetic operation unit inside, mainly comprise: the compressed tree unit that base 4 improved Booth coding units, 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer mix, 72 3:2 compressor reducers, 72 carry look ahead adder units, selector switch and selector switch control line.32 multiplicands and the multiplier that adopt that the improved Booth coding unit of base 4 codings will import become partial product, then partial product are imported the compressed tree unit of 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer mixing, and this is a first order streamline.Second level streamline is 2 65 bit positions that the compressed tree unit of 3:2 compressor reducer and the mixing of 4:2 compressor reducer is exported to be amassed import 72 3:2 compressor reducers with another addend, 2 72 bit positions that the 3:2 compression is obtained amass 72 carry look ahead adder units of input behind process selector switch under the effect of selector switch control line at last, computing obtains final taking advantage of and adds the result, finishes a complete multiply-add operation.Selector switch also can choose 72 summands and 72 addends to finish 72 additive operations under the effect of selector switch control line simultaneously.
The mixed compression structure that the compressed tree unit that 3:2 compressor reducer of the present invention and 4:2 compressor reducer mix adopts is with the foundation of a 4:2 compressor reducer as the long-pending compressed tree of entire portion, two branches or directly accept four partial product signals and a carry input signal of can upwards growing on this base.If the growth branch, according to the attribute of two branches of being grown, promptly adopting the 4:2 compressor reducer still is the 3:2 compressor reducer, can accept 10 (4:2 compressor reducers) or 6 (3:2 compressor reducer) signals on these two branches at most.If this number is still less than the number of signals that will compress, then on these branches with separately compressibility continued growth branch, up to the top branch receptible number of signals meet or exceed the number of signals that will compress.Amass the systematicness of compressed tree simultaneously for retaining part, regulation has only the top of partial product compressed tree just might be made of the 3:2 compressor reducer, and except inferior high level, the branch that beneath layer is gone up growth is complete, that is to say all corresponding two branches in all unit on this layer.According to said method can determine the structure of compressed tree on the different lines.
Wanting compressed portion product order is under 16 the situation, considers the carry signal of previous stage tree, and the partial product compressed tree that the 3:2 compressor reducer constitutes needs 6 layers, and with the time-delay calculation of 2 XOR gate of each 3:2 compressor reducer, the time delay of generation is the time delay of 12 XOR gate.The partial product compressed tree that the 4:2 compressor reducer constitutes under the kindred circumstances needs the time delay of 12 XOR gate, and only need the time delay of 11 XOR gate by the partial product compressed tree of mixed structure, adopt the mixed structure compressed tree littler than the time delay of simple compressed tree like this, the area of compressed tree significantly reduces than simple compressed tree with the 4:2 compressor reducer simultaneously.In addition, the adder unit in the multiplicaton addition unit involved in the present invention can be realized addition function simultaneously, and just not needing to add 72 totalizers in addition realizes addition function for this, thereby has reduced the area of DSP chip.
Embody the present invention thus and have practicality characteristics and obvious improvement.Reduced chip area when it makes the time delay of digital signal processor multiplicaton addition unit reduce, frequency and performance that this has just improved chip have increased the cost performance of chip.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction block diagram of digital signal processor of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, digital signal processor of the present invention is by digital signal processor kernel and command memory, and data-carrier store is formed by connecting, and wherein kernel comprises procedure control unit, instruction decoding unit, arithmetic operation unit and address-generation unit.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of digital signal processor multiplicaton addition unit of the present invention.
The structured flowchart of the partial product compressed tree of Fig. 3 digital signal processor 3:2 of the present invention and 4:2 mixed compression structure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Relation between each composition module in the digital signal processor of the present invention has been described among Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 1, the instruction decoding unit of digital signal processor kernel links to each other with arithmetic operation unit and address-generation unit, and the two-way procedure control unit that is connected to; Procedure control unit is connected to command memory, and obtains instruction from command memory; Arithmetic operation unit links to each other with procedure control unit is unidirectional; The two-way data-carrier store that is connected to of arithmetic operation unit, address-generation unit is connected to data-carrier store and can be carried out bidirectional data exchange with arithmetic operation unit by address bus.Multiplicaton addition unit is positioned at arithmetic operation unit.
Digital signal processor multiplicaton addition unit involved in the present invention adopts two stage pipeline structure, as shown in Figure 2, it comprises compressed tree unit, 72 3:2 compression array, 72 carry lookahead adders that base 4 improved Booth coding units, 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer mix, selector switch, the selector switch control line.Annexation between them is: the compressed tree unit of 3:2 compressor reducer and the mixing of 4:2 compressor reducer is linked in the output of base 4 improved Booth coding units, the output of compressed tree unit and 72 addends are linked 72 3:2 compression array together, the output of array and two addend (72 addends, 72 summands) link the input end of selector switch together, the output of selector switch connects 72 carry lookahead adders.
32 multiplicaton addition units have base 4 improved Booth coding units 32 multiplicands and multiplier are become 16 33 partial products that weights are different, simultaneously in order to prevent that the sign bit expansion from having produced a partial product (32 sign bit expansion and).Then these 17 partial products are imported the compressed tree unit that 3:2 compressor reducers and 4:2 compressor reducer mix, 72 addends after expansion of 2 partial-product sums that compression obtains are input in 72 3:2 compressor reducers, 2 partial products that at last 72 3:2 compressor compresses obtained and two addends are under the effect of selector switch control line, be input in 72 carry lookahead adders through behind the data selector, the output result of this carry lookahead adder is exactly the net result of whole multiplicaton addition unit.The compressed tree unit that base 4 improved Booth coding units and 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer mix has constituted first order streamline, 72 3:2 compressor reducers and 72 carry lookahead adders, selector switch, the selector switch control line has constituted second level streamline, two stage pipeline structure of Here it is digital signal processor multiplicaton addition unit involved in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the partial product compressed tree of the 3:2 that adopts of digital signal processor of the present invention and 4:2 mixed structure, and it has described the concrete connected mode of the partial product compressed tree of 32 multiplier 3:2 and 4:2 mixed structure.It comprises partial product, the 3:2 compressor reducer, the annexation between 4:2 compressor reducer and 3:2 compressor reducer and the 4:2 compressor reducer, i.e. input of linking the 4:2 compressor reducer of the second layer by the output of the 3:2 compressor reducer of top layer, and link down one deck 4:2 compressor reducer input, to the last one deck by the output of this layer.The input end of compressed tree connects base 4 improved Booth coding units, and output is as the input of 72 3:2 compression array.Shown in the figure is to mix a longest partial product compressed tree of time delay in the compression array, is sent to the input end of the 4:2 compressor reducer of the second layer after the 3:2 of top layer compressor compresses in this partial product that lists process.Because except that time high level, the number of the 4:2 compressor reducer of other each layer is complete, so the number of this layer compression device is 4.Value after this layer compression is delivered to the input end of the 3rd layer 4:2 compressor reducer again, so down, and 4:2 compressor reducer to the last as root.The value that it is exported enters into and is positioned at 72 3:2 compression array of second pipelining-stage.The structure implementation of mixing compressed tree of the present invention that Here it is.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of digital signal processor that mixes compression two-stage flowing water multiplicaton addition unit that adopts, instruction decoding unit links to each other with arithmetic operation unit and address-generation unit, and the two-way procedure control unit that is connected to, procedure control unit is connected to command memory, and from command memory, obtain instruction, arithmetic operation unit links to each other with procedure control unit is unidirectional, the two-way data-carrier store that is connected to of arithmetic operation unit, address-generation unit is connected to data-carrier store and can be carried out bidirectional data exchange with arithmetic operation unit by address bus, the multiplicaton addition unit that it is characterized in that arithmetic operation unit inside adopts two stage pipeline structure, the compressed tree unit of 3:2 compressor reducer and the mixing of 4:2 compressor reducer is linked in the output of base 4 improved Booth coding units, the output of compressed tree unit and 72 addends are linked 72 3:2 compression array together, the output of array and two addends are 72 addends, 72 summands are linked the input end of selector switch together, the output of selector switch connects 72 carry lookahead adders, base 4 improved Booth coding units become 16 33 partial products that weights are different with 32 multiplicands and multiplier, produce a partial product simultaneously, i.e. 32 sign bit expansion and, then these 17 partial products are imported the compressed tree unit that 3:2 compressor reducers and 4:2 compressor reducer mix, 72 addends after expansion of 2 partial-product sums that compression obtains are input in 72 3:2 compressor reducers, 2 partial products and two addends of at last 72 3:2 compressor compresses being obtained are input in 72 carry lookahead adders through behind the selector switch under the effect of selector switch control line, are exported the net result of whole multiplicaton addition unit by 72 carry lookahead adders; The compressed tree unit that base 4 improved Booth coding units and 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer mix constitutes first order streamline, 72 3:2 compressor reducers and 72 carry lookahead adders, and selector switch, the selector switch control line constitutes second level streamline.
2, employing as claimed in claim 1 mixes the digital signal processor of compression two-stage flowing water multiplicaton addition unit, the compressed tree unit that it is characterized in that the mixing of described 3:2 compressor reducer and 4:2 compressor reducer is with the foundation of a 4:2 compressor reducer as the long-pending compressed tree of entire portion, two branches of on this base, upwards growing, if acceptable signal number is less than the number of signals that will compress on these two branches, then on these branches with separately compressibility continued growth branch, up to the top branch receptible number of signals meet or exceed the number of signals that will compress, regulation has only the top of partial product compressed tree to be made of the 3:2 compressor reducer simultaneously, and except inferior high level, the branch that beneath all layers are gone up growth is complete.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100555212C (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-10-28 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | The carry calibration equipment of a kind of floating dual MAC and multiplication CSA compressed tree thereof |
| CN102722352B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2015-06-03 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Booth multiplier |
| CN103412737B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-08-10 | 清华大学 | Realize the gate circuit of base 4-Booth coded method and streamline large number multiplication device based on the method |
| CN106462388A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2017-02-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Processor |
| CN105653240A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 深圳市正东源科技有限公司 | Multiplying unit used for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) security chip, and implementation method |
| CN107957976B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-12-18 | 安徽寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | Calculation method and related product |
| CN109542393B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-11-04 | 电子科技大学 | Approximate 4-2 compressor and approximate multiplier |
| CN111384958B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2024-04-05 | 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | Data compression device and related product |
| CN111008003B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2023-10-13 | 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | Data processor, method, chip and electronic equipment |
| CN113010146B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-02-11 | 唐山恒鼎科技有限公司 | Mixed signal multiplier |
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| CN1176425A (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1998-03-18 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | computing device |
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