CN1321800C - 气助注塑 - Google Patents
气助注塑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1321800C CN1321800C CNB008176256A CN00817625A CN1321800C CN 1321800 C CN1321800 C CN 1321800C CN B008176256 A CNB008176256 A CN B008176256A CN 00817625 A CN00817625 A CN 00817625A CN 1321800 C CN1321800 C CN 1321800C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- glycol
- blowing agent
- injection moulding
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000103 Expandable microsphere Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 aromatic isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQODPTQLXVVEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].C=C Chemical group [O].C=C BQODPTQLXVVEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOFLTGDAZLWRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)O QOFLTGDAZLWRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002650 habitual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFDXQGNDWIPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclooctyldiazocane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1N1NCCCCCC1 NFDXQGNDWIPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylhexan-2-yloxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(C)OCC1CO1 JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FHKSXSQHXQEMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CO FHKSXSQHXQEMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-[2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=1CN(CC(=O)OC)CCN(CC(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005911 methyl carbonate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011806 microball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M monosodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002524 monosodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018342 monosodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C45/77—Measuring, controlling or regulating of velocity or pressure of moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
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Abstract
采用气助注塑制造模塑聚氨酯(或含聚氨酯),尤其是热塑性产品,如弹性体、软质泡沫塑料和硬质泡沫塑料。优选的聚氨酯产品是热塑性聚氨酯,可能包含可发微球。
Description
技术领域
采用气助注塑(以下称GAIM)制造模塑聚氨酯(或含聚氨酯),尤其是热塑性产品,如弹性体、软质泡沫塑料和硬质泡沫塑料的方法。优选的聚氨酯产品是热塑性聚氨酯。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯,以下称作TPU,是熟知的热塑性弹性体。特别是,它们表现出非常高的拉伸强度和撕裂强度、高的低温柔性、极好的耐磨和抗划伤性。它们还具有耐油、脂和许多溶剂的高稳定性以及耐紫外线辐射的稳定性,因而在诸如汽车和制鞋工业之类的许多最终应用领域中广泛使用。
由于对更轻材料需求的增长,需要开发一种低密度TPU,这代表着提供具有最少等于传统低密度PU的物理性能的此类产品的巨大技术挑战。
通过液态反应物的加成聚合反应生成弹性固态模塑体来生产鞋底和其他聚氨酯零件乃是已知技术。迄今,所用反应物一直是多异氰酸酯和含羟基基团的聚酯或聚醚。发泡是通过加入低沸点液体或借助二氧化碳实现的,结果获得一种至少部分地包含开孔的泡沫体。
通过TPU的发泡来减轻材料的重量迄今尚未得出令人满意的结果。TPU采用熟知的发泡剂,如以偶氮二碳酰胺(放热)或碳酸氢钠(吸热)为基础的产品,进行发泡的尝试在密度减少到800kg/m3以下的模塑件中并不成功。
采用吸热发泡剂,虽可获得良好表面光洁度(finish),但可实现的最低密度是约800kg/m3。还有,该加工也不非常均一且导致较长脱模时间。由于模具温度比较低,故在模具表面很少发泡或没有发泡,导致皮层致密、有些厚,而泡孔芯则太粗。
采用放热发泡剂,虽可获得密度较低(低至750kg/m3)的泡沫体,且泡孔结构也非常细,但表面光洁度为大多数应用领域所不可接受的,而且脱模时间甚至更长。
由上面所述清楚地看出,一直存在着对皮层质量改进、可以较短的脱模时间生产低密度TPU的需求。
现已令人惊奇地发现,含聚氨酯模塑产品采用气助注塑制造能够满足上述目的。脱模时间明显缩短,且该方法可在较低温度实施,从而使得机筒稳定性较好。另外,在维持或改进皮层质量和脱模时间的同时进一步降低了密度。
因此,本发明涉及一种特征在于采用气助注塑的制造热塑性聚氨酯模塑产品的方法。
按照另一种实施方案,通过配合着气体注塑采用气体反压,提供一种制造聚氨酯模塑产品的方法。
按照又一种实施方案,通过在可发微球存在下采用气助注塑,提供一种制造聚氨酯模塑产品的方法。
在本发明采用的气体反压中,所用的气体是氮气和/或二氧化碳。
如此获得的低密度热塑性聚氨酯(密度不大于800kg/m3)具有细泡孔结构、均一密度分布、非常好的表面外观、厚度均一的皮层,表现出与传统PU可比的物理性能,从而使它们适合宽范围多种不同领域的应用。
本发明提供的TPU产品在密度等于或小于800kg/m3的条件下具有卓越的低温动态挠曲性能和脱模时格林强度(green strength)。
术语“格林强度”,如同本领域所知,表示脱模时TPU的基本整体性和强度。模塑制品,如鞋底和其他模塑制品,的聚合物皮层应具备足以承受90~180度弯曲而不出现表面裂纹的拉伸强度和伸长强度以及撕裂强度。为达到这一特征,现有技术方法通常要求至少5分钟的脱模时间。
因此,本发明另外还提供在最短脱模时间方面的改进。也就是说,可实现2~3min的脱模时间。
有各种不同能够加压气体以便将其注入到模塑过程中的设备。EP467 565和EP 648 157中描述了这种例子。然而,这些设备当中没有一种成功地制造出模塑聚氨酯,特别是热塑性的产品。
发明详述
热塑性聚氨酯可通过使二官能异氰酸酯组合物与至少一种二官能多羟基化合物以及任选的一种增链剂,按照满足异氰酸酯指数介于90~110,优选介于95~105,最优选98~102的用量进行反应来制取。
本文使用的术语“二官能”是指异氰酸酯组合物和多羟基化合物的平均官能度为约2。
本文使用的术语“异氰酸酯指数”是配方中存在的异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯-活性氢原子的比值,以百分数表示。换句话说,异氰酸酯指数表达配方中实际使用的异氰酸酯相对于与配方中所用量的异氰酸酯-活性氢起反应,理论上所需的异氰酸酯数量的百分率。
应当指出的是,本文使用的异氰酸酯指数是从涉及异氰酸酯组分和异氰酸酯-活性组分的实际聚合物生成过程的角度考虑的。任何消耗在生产改性多异氰酸酯(包括诸如本领域中被称之为准-预聚物、半-预聚物之类的异氰酸酯衍生物)的预备步骤中的异氰酸酯基团,或者任何为生产改性多元醇或多胺而与异氰酸酯起反应的活性氢,在异氰酸酯指数的计算中均不算在内。只有实际弹性体生成阶段中存在的游离异氰酸酯基团和游离异氰酸酯-活性氢才考虑在内。
二官能异氰酸酯组合物可包含任何脂族、环脂族或芳族异氰酸酯。优选是包含芳族二异氰酸酯,更优选二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组合物。
本发明方法所使用的多异氰酸酯组合物可主要由纯4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或该二异氰酸酯与一种或多种其他有机多异氰酸酯,尤其是其他二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物构成,例如2,4’-异构体任选地连同2,2’-异构体,多异氰酸酯组分也可以是由包含至少95wt%4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯组合物衍生的MDI变体。MDI变体在本领域中是熟知的,为了按本发明使用,特别包括通过在所述多异氰酸酯组合物中引入碳化二亚胺和/或通过一种或多种多元醇起反应而获得的液态产物。
优选的多异氰酸酯组合物是包含至少80wt%4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的那些。更优选的是,该4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯含量至少是90wt%,最优选至少95wt%。
使用的二官能多羟基化合物的分子量介于500~20000,可选自聚酯酰胺、聚硫醚、聚碳酸酯、聚缩醛、聚烯烃、聚硅氧烷、聚丁二烯,尤其是聚酯和聚醚,或其混合物。其他二羟基化合物,如羟端基的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,如SBS、SIS、SEBS或SIBS也可使用。
二种或更多种此类或其他官能性的化合物的混合物,且它们之间的比例使得总组合物的平均官能度为约2者,也可用作二官能多羟基化合物。对于多羟基化合物,由于存在某些链端不饱和度,实际官能度例如可比该引发剂的平均官能度低一些。因此,也可存在少量三官能多羟基化合物以达到组合物所要求平均官能度。
可使用的聚醚二醇包括通过环状氧化物,例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或四氢呋喃,且必要的话在二官能引发剂存在下进行聚合而获得的产物。合适的引发剂化合物包含2个活性氢原子,包括水、丁二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇(1,6-pentanediol)等。也可使用引发剂和/或环状氧化物的混合物。
尤其有用的聚醚二醇包括聚氧亚丙基二醇和聚(氧亚乙基-氧亚丙基)二醇,它们是通过环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷同时或顺序加入到二官能引发剂中而获得的,如现有技术中所充分描述的。可举出氧乙烯含量10~80%的无规共聚物、氧乙烯含量最高25%的嵌段共聚物以及氧乙烯含量最高50%(以氧化烯单元总重量为基准)的无规/嵌段共聚物,尤其是至少一部分氧乙烯基团处于聚合物链末端的那些。其他有用的聚醚二醇包括通过四氢呋喃的聚合获得的聚四亚甲基二醇。合适的还有低不饱和度(即小于0.1毫克当量每克二醇)的聚醚二醇。
其他可使用的二醇包含加成或缩合聚合物在上面所述类型二醇中的分散体或溶液。此种改性二醇,常常被称之为“聚合物”二醇,在现有技术中有充分的描述,包括:通过一种或多种乙烯基单体如苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚合物二醇如聚醚二醇中原位聚合而得的产物,或者通过多异氰酸酯与氨基-和/或羟基官能化合物,例如三乙醇胺在聚合物二醇中的原位聚合而得的产物。
含5~50%分散的聚合物的聚氧化烯二醇也是有用的。优选该分散的聚合物的粒度小于50μm。
可使用的聚酯二醇包括二羟基醇如乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、3-甲基戊-1,5-二醇、1,6-己二醇或环己烷二甲醇或者这些二羟基醇的混合物,与二羧酸或其成酯衍生物,例如琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸或其二甲酯,癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐或对苯二甲酸二甲酯或其混合物的羟端基反应产物。
聚酯酰胺可通过在聚酯化反应混合物中引入氨基醇如乙醇胺来获得。
可使用的聚硫醚二醇包括通过硫二甘醇单独或与其他二醇、氧化烯、二羧酸、甲醛、氨基醇或氨基羧酸一起进行缩合而获得的产物。
可使用的聚碳酸酯二醇包括通过诸如二甘醇、三甘醇或己二醇之类的二醇与甲醛起反应制备的那些。合适的聚缩醛也可通过环状缩醛的聚合而制备。
合适的聚烯烃二醇包括羟端基丁二醇均聚物和共聚物;合适的聚硅氧烷二醇包括聚二甲基硅氧烷二醇。
合适的二官能增链剂包括脂族二醇,例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,2-丙二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,3-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇、3-甲基戊-1,5-二醇、二甘醇、二丙二醇和三丙二醇,以及氨基醇如乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺等。1,4-丁二醇是优选的。
适合按照本发明加工的TPU可在所谓一步(one-shot)、半预聚物或预聚物方法中通过铸塑、挤出或任何其他为本领域技术人员所知的方法来生产,一般以粒料或切片供应。
任选少量,即最高30wt%,优选20wt%,最优选10wt%的以共混物总重量为基准计的其他传统热塑性弹性体,如PVC、EVA或TR可与TPU掺混。
气体注入方法和设备可包含下列一种或多种实施方案:
使用的气体可以是混合物。气体注入可用来帮助在模具外部的混合或流动。气体注入可用于反应注塑中,下文中将称之为“GARIM”。该注入装置可用来提供下列功能之一或同时地全部:反压;气助注入;以及物理发泡。气体可注入到化学/聚合物加工设备中,即喂入到挤出机中、反应注塑装置的进料中或者聚氨酯混合头中。这既可设计用来形成“一个气泡”,或者是一种将物理发泡剂引入到聚合物熔体中的方法。在气体注入点以后,可使用一种在线混合装置。
模塑方法可包含下列一种或多种实施方案:
气体可注入到插入膜腔中的管子中。该管子或者可留在模具中,或者拔出。通过该进口“管子”或气体注嘴(或管)的气体可处于温控下,可热可冷,以便影响皮层厚度、固化或固化速率,或甚至防止皮层的形成。可在气体注入点周围故意形成由注入材料构成的固态冷却(或固化)的“管子”。气体“反压”和气体注入可一起使用,以便对发泡材料中气泡的产生和发展实现全面控制。
现已令人惊奇地发现,利用反压的TPU发泡,与在相似条件下但不采用反压生产的零件相比,表现出沿熔体流动路径较为均一的密度分布和细泡孔结构,具有等于传统TPU的物理性能。典型的TPU发泡是采用发泡剂或可发微球或者二者的组合实施的。
气体可注入到气球中,气球可以是一次性的或者重复使用,并留在模塑部件中或者拔出。GAIM和GARIM均可用来实现“向内发泡”。起初,当气泡在中心形成期间注入的材料被阻止发泡。来自中心气泡的压力一旦解除,该材料便可“向内”发泡。气体可注入到模塑部件表面与模具壁之间,以促进释放。可利用气体注入口向模具中加入另一种材料,然后再开始注塑,即,可“喷”入一种模具涂料、漆或脱模剂。气体注入可配合复合模塑领域(例如,SRIM)使用,以通过促进化学品穿过增强材料的流动和帮助替换夹气从而减少表面缺陷(气泡、包合物、润湿不良)。对于特定模具式样和维持相等产品质量的条件下,气体注入的采用可容许采用较高粘度的材料、较高分子量的材料、较低熔体温度从而得以在进一步远离分解温度的温度以及较低模具温度下操作。气体注入可用来在模具上形成多层以形成层合物(例如,一个薄脂族涂层,然后是发泡热塑性聚氨酯材料)。与市售的气体注入设备相比,注入点/口的数目可减少。由于发泡一直达及流道空间而产生的流道废料可减少。注入的气体/液体/之类可在温度上有变化,从而为正在制造的模塑件提供加热/冷却。可采用不同比例的传统发泡剂与辅助气体。由传统发泡剂产生的吸热和放热可通过改变注入气体的温度予以抵消或加强。聚合物还可包含可发微球。
任何可发,优选热可发微球均可用于本发明中。然而,包含烃,特别是脂族或环脂族烃的微球是优选的。
术语“烃”在这里被用来包括非卤代的和部分或完全卤代的烃。
含(环)脂族烃的热可发微球,即本发明尤其优选的,可市售供应。它们包括发泡和未发泡微球。优选的微球是由平均直径一般介于10~15μm的小球形颗粒组成的未发泡或部分发泡的微球。这些球由气密性聚合物壳(由例如丙烯腈或PVDC构成)形成,其中囊封着很小一滴(环)脂族烃,例如液态异丁烷。当这些微球被加热到足以使热塑性壳软化并蒸发其中囊封的(环)脂族烃的高温(例如,150℃~200℃)时,产生的气体使外壳膨胀并增加微球的体积。发泡时,微球的直径达到其原来直径的3.5~4倍,结果其发泡体积变为其未发泡状态初始体积的50~60倍。此种微球的例子是EXPANCEL-DU微球,由AKZO Nobel工业公司(瑞典)市售供应(EXPANCEL是AKZO Nobel工业公司的商标)。
按照本发明一种实施方案,现已惊奇地发现,溶解的气体,最常见的是二氧化碳和氮气,在聚合物熔体中的存在,可用来改变热塑性聚氨酯的熔融范围和流变性能,从而改善可发微球的效力。
气体引入到聚合物熔体中可采用多种手段:
-作为气体在50~150bar的压力下注入到熔融加工机中。在注塑情况下,气体可注入到机筒、注嘴或直接注入到膜腔中。优选气体注入到模塑机的机筒中并采用混合装置以均化所得熔体。模塑机机筒中的熔体所受到的压力维持气体处于溶液中。
-作为超临界液体直接注入到熔融加工机中。还是在注塑情况下,该气体可注入到注塑机机筒中并采用混合装置以保证溶解的气体充分分散在熔体中。加工机器中熔体所受到的压力维持气体处于溶液中。
-通过在高温下释放气体的化学发泡剂,此种发泡剂是释放二氧化碳的碳酸氢钠/柠檬酸型的,或者是释放氮气的偶氮二碳酰胺型的。这里,聚合物的熔融范围及其流变学受到化学发泡剂的存在及其产生的气体的影响。化学发泡剂通常处于固态形式,并与聚合物一起加入到熔融加工机中。
在优选的实施方案中,被加入到该体系中的发泡剂既可以是放热或吸热发泡剂或者二者的组合。然而,最优选的是,加入一种吸热发泡剂。
任何已知用于制备发泡热塑性材料的发泡剂均可在本发明中用作发泡剂。
适宜化学发泡剂的例子包括:气态化合物如氮气和二氧化碳,气体(例如,二氧化碳)生成化合物如偶氮二碳酰胺、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、硝酸盐、氢化硼、碳化物,例如碱土金属和碱金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠、碳酸铵、二氨基二苯基砜、酰肼、丙二酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸一钠、尿素、偶氮二碳酸甲酯、二氮杂二环辛烷和酸/碳酸盐混合物。
优选的吸热发泡剂包含碳酸氢盐或柠檬酸盐。
适宜物理发泡剂的例子包括挥发性液体如氯氟烃,部分卤代的烃或非卤代的烃,像丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷和/或新戊烷。
优选的吸热发泡剂是所谓“HYDROCEROL”发泡剂,如公开在,特别是EP-A 158212和EP-A 211250中,它们本身是已知的并且有市售供应(HYDROCEROL是Clariant的商标)。
偶氮二碳酰胺型发泡剂优选作为放热发泡剂。
微球的用量一般介于0.1~5.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。优选0.5~4.0重量份微球每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。最优选的是,微球按1.0~4.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯的用量加入。
发泡剂的总加入量一般介于0.1~5.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。优选的是,加入0.5~4.0重量份发泡剂每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。最优选的是,发泡剂以1.0~3.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯的用量加入。
传统热塑性加工使用的添加剂也可用于本发明方法中。此类添加剂包括催化剂,例如,叔胺和锡化合物,表面活性剂以及泡沫稳定剂,例如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、助流剂、有机和无机填料、颜料以及内脱模剂。
可通过本发明方法制取的发泡热塑性聚氨酯特别适合用于热塑性橡胶的任何用途,包括,例如鞋或一体皮层领域像方向盘。
定制的热塑性聚氨酯采用本发明方法可更高效地生产。定制的热塑性聚氨酯可成形为任何通常用热塑性树脂制成的制品。制品的例子是汽车内部和外部零件,例如内部盘面、保险杠、电器外壳,如电视、个人电脑、电话、摄像机、手表、笔记本式个人电脑;包装材料;休闲用品;体育用品和玩具。
采用气助注塑可生产不同类型的产品。
气体注入可用来改变发泡的起点以改变微孔在模塑件内的取向。类似地,也可改变密度分布。气体注入可用于现场发泡,例如织物涂层和模具嵌件,以改善渗透和达到的粘附。可改变气体压力(和/或模具温度)来控制厚度和表面分界线(definition)。气体注入可用来成形中空发泡部件。可生产开孔和闭孔泡沫体组合的部件。可成形一种中空部件,然后在中空的袋子中注塑泡沫体。
实施例
本发明用以下实施例说明但不限于此。
该实施例描述采用化学发泡剂和带气体反压的高压方法实施TPU发泡。所有实验全都采用惯用的Demag Ergotech生产的80-吨注塑机实施。设计并制造一种特殊模具来实施该反压方法。将该专门制造的模具的腔密封,以便在合模时能保持恒定反压。实验使用的模具是单腔模具,具有两个可互换的嵌件和一个条状浇口(bar gate)。
生产的零件是115毫米直径圆盘,依嵌件而定,厚度为8毫米或4毫米。
气体装置是通常GAIM(气助注塑)的惯用机器,由MAXIMATOR生产。反压使用的气体是氮气(N2)。
图1显示采用反压方法的注塑周期的各步骤。模具刚一合上,反压随即开始积聚。聚合物/气体熔体的注入是在反压已在腔内建立好以后开始的。在维持恒定反压的同时向膜腔中部分地充满料。采取反压的意图是阻止过早发泡并将气体保持在溶液中。注入阶段以后,压力降低到环境压力。聚合物熔体在膜腔内起发,于是膜腔被100%充满。
在反压下生产的发泡TPU,与在类似条件但没有任何反压情况下生产的零件相比,表现出沿流体流动路径较为均一的密度分布和坚固的微孔结构,物理性能与传统发泡TPU相同。
Claims (6)
1.一种制造模塑热塑性聚氨酯产品的方法,该产品的密度至多为800kg/m3,其特征在于采用气助注塑,而气体反压与气助注塑一起使用,从而使制造模塑热塑性聚氨酯产品用的聚合物包含可发微球。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中把发泡剂加入体系中。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中微球的用量介于1.0~4.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中发泡剂的用量介于0.5~4.0重量份每100重量份热塑性聚氨酯。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其中反压所使用的气体是氮气和/或二氧化碳。
6.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述微球是热可发的。
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CA2394763C (en) | 2008-04-15 |
DE60025949T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
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