CN1318514C - 超吸收耐水涂料 - Google Patents
超吸收耐水涂料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种涂布有耐水涂料的制品,该涂料吸收水以提供耐水效果,并在涂料干燥时解吸水,以及一种给用这种涂料制备的制品提供耐水性和耐侵蚀性的方法。该涂料是通过在制品的表面上涂布包括超吸收水溶聚合物前体、任选的粘度调节剂以及任选的润滑剂的水溶液的组合物并固化以形成包括该超吸收聚合物而形成的。
Description
技术领域和工业应用性
本发明涉及一种能够迅速吸收水分的高强度超吸收涂料,它适用于涂布需要耐水表面的各种制品,包括但不限于增强或模制的产品以及在这种产品制造中使用的增强材料。更具体地说,该涂料由包括超吸收聚合物前体以及成膜聚合物的组合物形成,其中所述超吸收聚合物前体经固化形成具有高吸水膨胀性能的聚合物。该涂料组合物还可以包括粘度调节剂。
本发明也涉及涂有该超吸收涂料组合物的制品,包括增强和模制的产品以及纤维增强材料;以及涉及这种涂料的涂布方法。本发明的涂料在淡水和盐水环境中显示出高吸水性,当涂布于底材上时具有优异的铺展和涂布性能。
发明背景
在室外使用的制品其暴露表面下湿气入侵所导致的制品恶化是人们熟知的一个问题。这种恶化包括水与在这些制品中所用增强纤维的表面之间的反应而导致的氧化恶化,以及水引起的腐蚀。在海洋环境中,例如,关于水浸的问题尤其涉及到环境的盐度。在这种水性环境中存在的盐加速了氧化分解。在无盐环境中,例如在具有高大气湿度的环境中,需要耐水涂料来保护结构和设备表面,以避免湿气引起的分解。
受上述恶化影响的制品包括具有暴露于高湿气和湿度环境的表面的制品。这种制品的实例包括增强的棒和电缆,例如光纤或通迅电缆。这些通迅电缆通常在长期埋在地下或浸泡在水中的环境中使用。因此保护其不被水所损坏对这些电缆的结构整体性以及它们所要执行的功能的成功性来说是关键的。通迅电缆例如可以包括含有用作加强或增强元件的玻璃棒的芯。该棒有助于电缆的刚性。当水渗透与电缆的芯元件接触时,会引起电缆深层结构的腐蚀或化学恶化。
为了解决关于这种水浸损坏的问题,已经提出了几种策略,以试图给电缆和其它增强制品提供耐水性,并保护它们的敏感内表面不与周围环境中的水或水气相接触。这些用于制造防水制品的技术包括将制品包裹在保护套材料中;或密封要保护的表面。密封技术可以包括化学处理制品的表面层使其耐水吸收,或施加防水涂料。
用保护套材料覆盖表面的技术是通常采用的。它包括例如使用具有阻水性的不渗水聚合物制成的包装或条带,或将包装材料用阻水聚合物的乳液或溶液处理。施加保护套的方法不需要给制品的表面涂布化合物或进行处理,只是因为保护套材料的覆盖而形成保护。
用于防水的涂料通常由在水中既不溶解也不渗水的物质组成,因此对侵入的湿气形成物理阻挡。这种阻挡涂料包括例如油脂或凝胶的材料。对于电缆来说,例如这些涂料通过加压挤出而涂布。但是这种涂料具有一定的缺点。油脂或凝胶由于它们的滑溜性而难以操作,并且它们给涂布的制品带来不愉快的感觉。这在制造过程中是一个重要的考虑因素,尤其是因为它影响了电缆在接合操作中的操作容易性。油脂和凝胶在低温或高温下会发生粘度变化。这些粘度的变化会影响冻结/解冻性能并因此影响涂料的稳定性。因此这些方面的不好的性能就影响了电缆的稳定性。
近年来,已经设计出无油脂的耐水干涂料,它们具有一定的吸水容量。这种吸水能力使得涂料吸收与制品接触的湿气,同时防止它们与敏感表面的直接接触。这些干阻水涂料中的吸收组分是干的粒状的超吸收聚合物,它们与水接触后膨胀和吸收水。这种超吸收聚合物通常以它们的膨胀速率、膨胀容量和凝胶强度来表征。这些干超吸收聚合物的传统用途主要包括个人卫生制品、食品包装制品和化学溢出物的清洁组合物,但是近年来的试验包括使用这些干聚合物来形成用于其它制品例如增强电缆的涂料。例如Hager的US5689601披露了一种用于增强纤维制品的干阻水涂料,其采用了装在保护套聚合物的一个或多个薄层中的粉末状或粒状的水溶干阻挡成分。这种情况限制了粒状聚合物可以达到的吸水程度,因此这种涂料的膨胀容量是有限的。
在干阻水电缆涂布应用中通常使用的超吸收聚合物是干的水不溶的粒状聚合物,它们被掺入到各种基材中例如纱线、粘合剂和条带中。该基材通常也包括玻璃纤维作为增强的形式。但是如上所述,用干粒状的阻水剂形成的涂料受到优化的凝胶强度而必然导致的有限水膨胀能力和膨胀速率的限制。在表面涂料中,凝胶强度被定义为防止水芯吸进入电缆轴的能力,尤其是当电缆用于暴露在高水压下的水性环境中。膨胀能力直接与超吸收聚合物的交联程度有关。随着交联程度的提高,凝胶强度也提高,但是聚合物的膨胀速率和膨胀容量相应下降。膨胀速率被定义为涂料在一定时间内吸收的水量。膨胀容量指涂料基于其干重而吸收的水或流体的最大量。因此由干的粒状的水不溶聚合物制成的涂料就受到它们以膨胀速率和膨胀容量来测量的水吸收性能的限制。
通常,用于增强纤维、线束和例如由这些纤维材料制成的电缆的制品的涂料被涂布在纤维材料的表面上,然后在进一步处理(如果有的话)之前发生固化。涂布涂料的方法通常根据使用流体涂料还是要涂布固体颗粒涂料而不同。在粉末状涂料的情况下,使用粒状阻水剂的涂布过程涉及到与粒状聚合物的使用直接相关的几个费时的、及劳动和设备密集型的步骤。这些步骤包括需要用粘合树脂进行一次或多次处理以及在粉末涂布位置利用例如流化床的设备一次或多次涂布粉末状树脂。
涂布流体涂料的方法可以包括将纤维或电缆淹没或浸渍在例如树脂浴中,然后除去多余的树脂以在处理的表面上形成一致的层。在线束、粗纱或电缆的情况下,该产品是连续长丝的形式,因此可以通过一个剥离器口模来除去多余的树脂。或者,该涂料可以喷涂在制品的表面。为了形成其厚度足以提供良好覆盖性和避免水渗透保护的涂料层,该涂料组合物必须足够厚以能够经涂布设备以单次通过适当地涂布在制品上。但是除了厚度之外,该组合物必须也具有充分的流动性从而易于在制品表面上形成均匀的涂层,并能防止堵塞用于制造涂布了聚合物的纤维制品的涂料设备、口模孔或其它机械。通常在现有技术中,为了改善流体涂料组合物的粘度,已经使用干颗粒状成分例如絮状聚合物或淀粉。这种组合物的困难之处在于在加入固体成分之后所得到的组合物不均匀。更确切地说,该组合物含有不同水平的粒状材料,其使处理变得困难,且也损害了组合物的铺展性。
在该技术领域存在对用于增强制品或增强材料的阻水涂料组合物的需要,它具有优异的凝胶强度和芯吸能力,以及高度的吸水和同时具备的快速膨胀速度。同时,该领域还需要不含有粉末状聚合物的涂料组合物,这样就不会需要昂贵和劳动密集型的涂布过程。另外希望这种涂料组合物具有良好的铺展和表面性能。
发明概述
已经令人惊奇地发现,通过在用于涂布纤维增强材料和包括一种或多种增强纤维材料的制品的水溶液中加入超吸收聚合物前体,能够形成具有优异水膨胀容量和快速膨胀速率的高吸收性阻水涂料。该聚合物前体在固化时形成超吸收聚合物。含有这种超吸收聚合物的涂料在暴露于水性环境中时能够基本立即吸收水分。
根据所需要的用途,该超吸收涂料可以通过加入粘度调节剂来增强。例如在涂料组合物被涂布在棒或包括玻璃、碳、聚合物或其混合物的电缆时,所包括的增粘剂给该配方赋予了优异的铺展性。当被涂布的制品是能够采用浸涂或喷涂作为涂布方法的更柔软的产品时,涂料配方的粘度可以被降低以采用这些或类似的方法进行涂布。
另一方面,本发明也涉及在例如纤维增强模制产品的制品的表面上或纤维增强材料的表面上形成涂层的方法。一般来说,该方法包括在纤维、线束或制品的表面上涂布涂料组合物的步骤、将其通过剥离器口模以除去多余的涂料的步骤以及然后干燥或固化的步骤。
本发明还涉及含有用该吸水涂料处理的增强纤维的制品。
优选实施方案的详细说明
本发明的组合物适用于在需要其表面耐水的制品或材料的表面上形成超吸收涂层,并因此保护经该涂料处理的表面下面的材料。
此处使用的“制品”一词特别是指包括具有需要耐水涂料以保护其下的结构避免因暴露于湿气而导致恶化的表面的任何产品或材料。这种制品包括模制制品(包括纤维增强复合制品、层压制品、片以及该领域公知的增强纤维材料)和采用一起或分散在任何类型的基质中的一种或多种这些纤维材料制成的产品,该词也包括采用增强纤维产品制成的制品,例如结构材料或设备中的制品。
可以被涂布本发明组合物的制品可以包括纤维增强材料例如玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维或其混合物。优选的是,聚合物纤维包括一种或多种选自芳族聚酰胺纤维、尼龙纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维和它们的混合物的纤维。这些纤维材料可以纤维、线束或粗纱的形式使用,其可以是连续的形式或断开的纤维、线束或小球的形式;以由玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维或天然纤维构成的带、垫或织物的形式使用;以例如拉挤的棒或电缆、层压制品和其它模制制品的复合材料的形式使用。而且该涂料可以被涂布在需要其表面耐水渗透的制品的表面上,例如在光缆中用于防护腐蚀的波纹状金属管和带。另外超吸收涂料可以被涂布在不含常规增强材料的制品的表面上,但是这样它们就享受不到该涂料优异的吸水防护性能的益处。例如模制制品、机织织物、纱布(scrim)、木和纸产品,以及结构材料例如钢梁就是可以通过采用本发明而被保护性增强的多种制品中的例子。
在一个实施方案中,用于根据本发明涂布的制品包括那些包含增强纤维材料作为其至少一种组分的制品。实例包括在拉挤操作中形成的制品。例如本发明的涂料可以成功地涂布在包括至少部分增强玻璃纤维/聚合物复合物的拉挤成型的棒或电缆上。可以用于形成这些拉挤成型的制品的聚合物包括热固性树脂,例如环氧、聚酯和乙烯基酯。拉挤成型制品的聚合物组分也可以包括已经经过热处理的热塑性树脂,但是热固性树脂是优选的。实例是,热固性环氧树脂例如乙烯基酯可以在拉挤成型操作时与玻璃线束相结合,以形成能用作通讯电缆中钢性部件的棒。
作为另一个实施方案,上述第一类中的纤维增强产品的实例包括由形成纤维的材料例如玻璃、碳、聚合物或它们的混合物制成的线束或粗纱。用于这些产品的涂料配方优选包括少量的润滑剂。
本发明涂料的耐水性是通过将无毒、环境安全的超吸收聚合物前体的溶液与用于涂布底材制品的粘合剂树脂相结合而获得的。由该前体形成的超吸收聚合物具有令人惊讶的高吸水容量,并且同时在固化的涂层中因增加了交联而保持高凝胶强度。如前所述,该聚合物通过吸收大量的水而独特地提供耐水性。当水接触要被保护的制品的涂布表面时,该涂料吸收水并且体积膨胀。通过吸收水,该涂料有效地芯吸走湿气,并因此防止它与被保护的制品的内表面相接触。结果,敏感的内表面保持干燥,并被保护免受水浸的腐蚀。本发明的涂料通过吸收水以防止湿气渗透于涂料层之下而独特地实现耐水防护。这种功能显然与该领域更为公知的阻挡涂料实现的保护类型不相同,后者是通过形成不可渗透的阻挡而保护底材的。
本发明的涂料中使用的无毒、环境安全的超吸收聚合物前体可以选自能够形成用于涂料混合物的水性溶液的任何聚合物,并且它在固化后具有能快速吸收大量的水然后在涂料干燥时解吸附而不会使聚合物自身损失的膨胀容量和膨胀速率。当涂料被涂布于增强纤维或线束并固化后,适用于本发明涂料的聚合物前体将具有高达约400倍于其初始干重的膨胀容量。
用于本发明的超吸收聚合物前体可如前所述例如选自具有快速吸收和解吸大量水的能力的水溶聚丙烯酸酯。该超吸收聚合物前体优选以其阴离子形式作为相应的碱或碱金属盐来使用。聚合物盐是水溶液的形式,其外观可以是透明或略有浑浊的。理想的固体含量是30-35wt%。并且该溶液具有的比重约为1.1g/ml,20℃的粘度约为1000mPas。该溶液通常是略为阴离子的,pH约为6-8。可接受的超吸收聚合物前体的实例是水溶性阴离子聚丙烯酸酯的水溶液。可以相信,本发明的包括高膨胀超吸收聚合物的涂料会吸收明显更大量的水,具有高达并且包括600倍于干重的膨胀速率。
可以向涂料组合物中加入粘度调节剂。该增粘剂的作用是形成铺展一致性,使其能够适当地涂布制品。例如在拉挤的制品涂布中,涂布后的制品通常经过剥离器口模。因此粘度应当足以提供良好的流动性并足以防止涂布设备和口模孔的堵塞。该粘度调节剂不是不溶的粉末状组分,而是能容易地引入到涂料组合物中的聚合溶液或分散体。因此与现有技术已知的阻水涂料不同,本发明的涂料组合物是基本没有颗粒组分的真正的溶液。能够形成真正溶液的粘度调节剂例如烷基纤维素或丙烯酰胺聚合物可以用于本发明的涂料。用于本发明的优选增粘剂是聚丙烯酰胺水溶液。聚丙烯酰胺水溶液因为它与超吸收聚合物前体溶液和成膜粘合剂组分的兼容性而因此是特别适用的。
用于本发明涂料组合物的粘合剂组分能够包括在用于含增强纤维的产品的涂料组合物中通常用作粘合剂的任何聚合材料。该粘合剂优选包括是热固性树脂或具有一定热塑性的热固性树脂的成膜聚合物或聚合物胶乳,以增强涂料的柔韧性。成膜树脂还必须与吸水聚合物和粘度调节剂兼容,因为它促进涂料组合物中的组分的结合并在一旦涂布之后有利于该涂料与表面的粘合。该成膜剂还提供坚韧的膜,并优选在固化后没有表面粘性或剥落。包括在粘合剂中的成膜聚合物可例如是聚酯、聚氨酯、环氧、胶乳或其混合物。胶乳选自丙烯酸的胶乳、苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳或其混合物。优选的,该粘合剂是成膜聚氨酯,在其干燥后,它促进吸水聚合物对处理后表面的粘附。理想的成膜粘合剂的实例是Witcobond W320,它是从Witco Chemical公司获得的聚氨酯成膜剂。
任选地,该涂料组合物还可以包括一种或多种选自润滑剂和湿润剂的添加剂。加入润滑剂以增强浸渍聚合物的线束在后继处理中的可操作性。在此涂料被涂布给纤维增强物例如玻璃线束,优选加入润滑剂以降低线束的刚性,其增强了水吸收的速率。
加入润湿剂以使得分散体和纤维表面易于接触。可以使用与上浆组合物中的其它组分相容的任何常规的润湿剂。
当本发明的涂料被涂布在增强纤维线束的表面上并固化后,它们显示了高达约400倍于可水膨胀聚合物初始干重的膨胀容量。优选的,对于这种类型应用的膨胀容量是可水膨胀聚合物初始干重的约200-400倍。当该涂料被涂布在例如棒或电缆的制品表面上并固化后,膨胀容量范围高达可水膨胀聚合物初始干重的120倍。在这种情况下,优选的膨胀容量是可水膨胀聚合物初始干重的约50-100倍。
涂料的膨胀速率也应当是高的。本发明的涂料显示了出人意料的高膨胀速率,基于聚合物和纤维底材的总重量,当使用去离子水进行试验来模拟淡水的环境时,膨胀速率在第一分钟内量级约为50g水至约340g重量(约为300-2000%)。根据在不同淡水环境中离子种类和其它添加剂的存在,膨胀速率会与这个范围略有不同。但是一般来说,在淡水内,该膨胀速率高于在盐水中例如海洋环境中能够达到的速率。在盐水环境中,例如吸取水的速率根据使用该涂料的环境中盐度的不同而不同。通常,本发明的涂料在第一分钟内显示了约33g盐水/g至约66g盐水/g(约为300-760%)的吸水率。但是不论该涂料用于淡水或盐水环境中,它的以膨胀速率所测量的性能都显示出高于该领域已知的干阻水涂料所能够达到的性能。在优选实施方案中,本发明的耐水涂料在暴露的第一分钟内具有能够吸收约126g去离子水/g干涂料或约50g盐水/g干涂料的吸水能力。
在本发明的涂料组合物制造方法中,各组分以液体形式结合以制备涂料溶液。首先搅拌超吸收聚合物前体的溶液以保证其均匀,然后加入到混合容器中。再向容器中加入去离子水,如果需要还加入润滑剂。然后将水性乳液形式的聚氨酯泵入到该容器中。先预混合粘度调节剂以形成1wt%水溶液,将足够量的该水溶液加入到混合容器内。最后一个步骤是,搅拌该混合物,无需加热,所得到的组合物就可以使用了。
该组合物采用适用于涂布液体涂料的方法与要被涂布的制品表面相接触。例如该涂料组合物可以通过将增强纤维线束通过树脂浴而进行涂布。或者该组合物可以通过喷涂、流涂或使得液体涂料与制品整个表面相接触的其它方法来涂布到制品上。然后采用进一步的处理方法以确保涂料层的平整和适当的分布。例如涂布有该涂料组合物的纤维线束或棒被通过剥离器口模。
然后将涂布的制品进行干燥和固化。涂有该超吸收聚合物前体的制品可以加热至212_(100℃),其加热时间足以基本挥发部分水。涂布聚合物前体的制品再被加热至约280_(138℃)以通过交联来固化聚合物。通常聚合物被加热至约300_(149℃)以上就失去了所需要的超吸收质量。干燥/固化步骤可以在成一行(in line)的炉内进行。在38英尺(11.58米)长的炉内设定至约600_(316℃),聚合物以380-490英尺(115-149米)/分钟来固化,优选是440-465英尺(134-142米)/分钟。
具有此处描述的耐水涂料的玻璃纤维增强的制品可以用于暴露在类似的水或水气的应用中,在此具有良好防水性能的耐久的、有弹性的、柔韧的涂料的形成是所需要的。以下的实施例是代表性的,不意味着是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例
通过结合成膜粘合剂聚合物、吸水聚合物前体溶液以及聚丙烯酰胺溶液,来制备示例性的涂料配方。该涂料组合物通过采用流涂方法涂布在拉挤成型的玻璃-乙烯基酯棒上。涂布了涂料组合物之后,该棒通过具有所需孔尺寸的剥离器,以控制在棒表面上沉积的涂料组合物的量。然后该棒被加热以挥发水分,再加热至约270_(132℃)以固化该涂料和活化超吸收聚合物前体。
实施例1
在该实施例中,用于处理拉挤成型的玻璃/聚合物棒的涂料组合物通过按照以下比例混合各组分配制而成:
33.3wt%的超吸收聚丙烯酸酯前体(水)溶液,从Stockhausen公司以Stockhausen Cabloc FL或从Emerging Technologies(ETI)公司以Product XP-99.01购买;
25.0wt%的聚氨酯成膜聚合物,Witcobond W290H,从Witco Chemical公司购买;
41.7wt%的1wt%水性丙烯酰胺溶液,Drewfloc 270,从AshlandChemical公司购买。
实施例2
在用于拉挤成型棒的涂料组合物中,各组分如下结合:
28.6wt%的Stockhausen 63815超吸收聚丙烯酸酯前体溶液;
35.7wt%的聚氨酯成膜聚合物,Witcobond W320,从Witco Chemical
公司购买;
35.7wt%的Drewfloc 270的1wt%水溶液。
实施例3
根据以下配方研制出示例性涂料组合物:
40.0wt%的Stockhausen 63815超吸收聚丙烯酸酯前体溶液;
7.5wt%的Witcobond W320聚氨酯成膜聚合物;
2.0wt%的Emerlube 7440,磺化矿物油,从Henkel公司购买;
2.0wt%的Drewfloc 270的1wt%水溶液;
48.5wt%的去离子水。
将组合物涂布在设计用于光缆的玻璃纤维增强的线束上。该增强物然后被浸入去离子水或1wt%的盐水中。通过测量膨胀百分比或测量在0-20分钟的时间间隔中重量的增加来确定在淡水和海水环境中的膨胀速率。作为比较,使用粒状聚合物粉末的干阻水涂料涂布的线束也在淡水和盐水环境中浸入相同的时间。
涂布有本发明的涂料并被浸入去离子水或淡水的线束在暴露的第一分钟内显示出比涂布有干粒状聚合物的棒快多至7倍的膨胀速率。膨胀容量或膨胀总量比干涂料高多达270%。在盐水环境中,本发明的涂料在暴露的第一分钟内显示出比干粒状涂料快大于6倍的膨胀速率。该涂料也显示出比干涂料多达50%的膨胀容量。
这些结果清楚地显示,本发明的涂料溶液当被涂布在长时间暴露于淡水或盐水环境中的制品上时,具有更优异的吸收性,因此具有更优异的耐水性。
实施例4-5
进一步调查本发明的涂料以确定它们在涂布到增强纤维材料例如线束或粗纱上时的效果。给玻璃增强纤维的线束涂布上涂料,测量根据涂料和纤维的总重量计算得到的随时间变化的膨胀百分比。作为比较,也测试涂布有干粒状涂料的线束,来确定涂料的膨胀速率。在实施例4中,将增强物浸入去离子水中。对于实施例5,将增强物暴露于1wt%氯化钠溶液中。结果如下表1和2所示:
表1
实施例4-去离子水中的水吸收
时间(分钟) | 膨胀速率a(膨胀%/时间) | |
实施例4 | 比较样品 | |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0.033 | 612 | 86 |
0.0833 | 677 | 119 |
0.1666 | 730 | 168 |
0.25 | nr1 | 210 |
0.333333 | 745 | nr |
0.5 | 751 | 264 |
0.666666 | 754 | nr |
0.83333 | 758 | nr |
1 | 762 | 336 |
1.5 | 770 | nr |
2 | 778 | nr |
5 | 810 | 480 |
10 | 865 | 575 |
20 | 975 | 650 |
1nr=无记录
a:以涂布的线束重量在每单位时间内的变化百分比来测量的膨胀速率。
表2
实施例5-在1wt%氯化钠溶液(接近海洋盐水环境)中的水吸收
时间(分钟) | 膨胀速率a(膨胀%/时间) | |
实施例5 | 比较样品 | |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0.030 | 225 | 38 |
0.0833 | 237 | 47 |
0.25 | 265 | 81 |
0.5 | 276 | 88 |
1 | 295 | 99 |
2 | 312 | 118 |
5 | 325 | 140 |
10 | 350 | 142 |
20 | 415 | 158 |
应当相信申请者的发明包括许多其它在此处没有具体描述的实施方案,因此本公开不应当视为限制于前述实施例或优选实施方案。
Claims (9)
1.一种选自模制制品、纺织织物、纱布、木和纸产品以及建筑材料的制品,该制品的至少一个表面被耐水超吸收聚合物涂层覆盖,该涂层由如下物质构成的均匀涂料混合物获得:
可水溶的超吸收聚合物前体水溶液,该水溶液在施涂于所述至少一个表面时固化;
非粉末状的粘度调节剂溶液;以及
选自聚酯、聚氨酯、环氧、胶乳和它们的混合物的成膜粘合剂;
其中将所述涂料混合物施涂于该至少一个表面上并在施涂时固化,形成耐水超吸收聚合物涂层。
2.如权利要求1的制品,其进一步包括纤维增强材料。
3.如权利要求2的制品,其中该纤维增强材料选自玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维和它们的混合物。
4.如权利要求3的制品,其中该纤维增强材料包括选自芳族聚酰胺纤维、尼龙纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维和它们的混合物的聚合物纤维。
5.如权利要求2的制品,其中该纤维增强材料包括芳族聚酰胺纤维。
6.如权利要求1的制品,其中该耐水超吸收聚合物涂层在固化后在浸入水性环境中时,于水中吸收高达其初始干重400倍的水,并在涂层干燥后解吸水。
7.如权利要求1的制品,其中该耐水超吸收聚合物涂层在第一分钟内的膨胀速率为50g去离子水/g干燥涂料至340g去离子水/g干燥涂料。
8.如权利要求1的制品,其中该耐水超吸收聚合物涂层在第一分钟内的膨胀速率为33g盐水/g干燥涂料至66g盐水/g干燥涂料。
9.如权利要求1的制品,其中该耐水超吸收聚合物涂层在第一分钟内的膨胀速率为126g水/g干燥涂料或50g盐水/g干燥涂料。
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US09/409,457 US7491778B2 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 1999-09-30 | Superabsorbent water-resistant coatings |
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US8313833B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
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